diff --git a/lib/output.js b/lib/output.js
index 0c28d195..620c61cb 100644
--- a/lib/output.js
+++ b/lib/output.js
@@ -458,9 +458,8 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
  * @param {boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
  * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest)
- * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
- * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -527,10 +526,7 @@ function webp (options) {
  *     width: 128,
  *     height: 128 * pages
  *   })
- *   .gif({
- *     pageHeight: 128,
- *     dither: 0
- *   })
+ *   .gif({ dither: 0 })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
@@ -538,9 +534,8 @@ function webp (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`
  * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest)
  * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most)
- * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
- * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -657,20 +652,12 @@ function jp2 (options) {
  * @private
  *
  * @param {Object} [source] - output options
- * @param {number} [source.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
  * @param {number} [source.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
  * @param {number[]} [source.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {Object} [target] - target object for valid options
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
 function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
-  if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.pageHeight)) {
-    if (is.integer(source.pageHeight) && source.pageHeight > 0) {
-      target.pageHeight = source.pageHeight;
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('pageHeight', 'integer larger than 0', source.pageHeight);
-    }
-  }
   if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.loop)) {
     if (is.integer(source.loop) && is.inRange(source.loop, 0, 65535)) {
       target.loop = source.loop;
@@ -679,13 +666,16 @@ function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
     }
   }
   if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.delay)) {
-    if (
+    // We allow singular values as well
+    if (is.integer(source.delay) && is.inRange(source.delay, 0, 65535)) {
+      target.delay = [source.delay];
+    } else if (
       Array.isArray(source.delay) &&
       source.delay.every(is.integer) &&
       source.delay.every(v => is.inRange(v, 0, 65535))) {
       target.delay = source.delay;
     } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('delay', 'array of integers between 0 and 65535', source.delay);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('delay', 'integer or an array of integers between 0 and 65535', source.delay);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/common.cc b/src/common.cc
index b8d66ac1..e88b89bd 100644
--- a/src/common.cc
+++ b/src/common.cc
@@ -490,30 +490,24 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   /*
     Set animation properties if necessary.
-    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
   */
-  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
-    bool hasDelay = delay.size() != 1 || delay.front() != -1;
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int nPages, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
+    bool hasDelay = !delay.empty();
 
-    if (pageHeight == 0 && image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
-      pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
+    // Avoid a copy if none of the animation properties are needed.
+    if (nPages == 1 && !hasDelay && loop == -1) return image;
+
+    if (delay.size() == 1) {
+      // We have just one delay, repeat that value for all frames.
+      delay.insert(delay.end(), nPages - 1, delay[0]);
     }
 
-    if (!hasDelay && image.get_typeof("delay") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_INT) {
-      delay = image.get_array_int("delay");
-      hasDelay = true;
-    }
-
-    if (loop == -1 && image.get_typeof("loop") == G_TYPE_INT) {
-      loop = image.get_int("loop");
-    }
-
-    if (pageHeight == 0) return image;
-
-    // It is necessary to create the copy as otherwise, pageHeight will be ignored!
+    // Attaching metadata, need to copy the image.
     VImage copy = image.copy();
 
-    copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
+    // Only set page-height if we have more than one page, or this could
+    // accidentally turn into an animated image later.
+    if (nPages > 1) copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
     if (hasDelay) copy.set("delay", delay);
     if (loop != -1) copy.set("loop", loop);
 
@@ -556,6 +550,14 @@ namespace sharp {
     return copy;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Multi-page images can have a page height. Fetch it, and sanity check it.
+    If page-height is not set, it defaults to the image height
+  */
+  int GetPageHeight(VImage image) {
+    return vips_image_get_page_height(image.get_image());
+  }
+
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
   */
@@ -882,4 +884,74 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
+  std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement) {
+    if (swap) {
+      // Swap input width and height when requested.
+      std::swap(width, height);
+    }
+
+    double hshrink = 1.0;
+    double vshrink = 1.0;
+
+    if (targetWidth > 0 && targetHeight > 0) {
+      // Fixed width and height
+      hshrink = static_cast<double>(width) / targetWidth;
+      vshrink = static_cast<double>(height) / targetHeight;
+
+      switch (canvas) {
+        case Canvas::CROP:
+        case Canvas::MIN:
+          if (hshrink < vshrink) {
+            vshrink = hshrink;
+          } else {
+            hshrink = vshrink;
+          }
+          break;
+        case Canvas::EMBED:
+        case Canvas::MAX:
+          if (hshrink > vshrink) {
+            vshrink = hshrink;
+          } else {
+            hshrink = vshrink;
+          }
+          break;
+        case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
+          if (swap) {
+            std::swap(hshrink, vshrink);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    } else if (targetWidth > 0) {
+      // Fixed width
+      hshrink = static_cast<double>(width) / targetWidth;
+
+      if (canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+        // Auto height
+        vshrink = hshrink;
+      }
+    } else if (targetHeight > 0) {
+      // Fixed height
+      vshrink = static_cast<double>(height) / targetHeight;
+
+      if (canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+        // Auto width
+        hshrink = vshrink;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // We should not enlarge (oversample) the output image,
+    // if withoutEnlargement is specified.
+    if (withoutEnlargement) {
+      hshrink = std::max(1.0, hshrink);
+      vshrink = std::max(1.0, vshrink);
+    }
+
+    // We don't want to shrink so much that we send an axis to 0
+    hshrink = std::min(hshrink, static_cast<double>(width));
+    vshrink = std::min(vshrink, static_cast<double>(height));
+
+    return std::make_pair(hshrink, vshrink);
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp
diff --git a/src/common.h b/src/common.h
index 642c5048..f94bb13c 100644
--- a/src/common.h
+++ b/src/common.h
@@ -135,6 +135,14 @@ namespace sharp {
     MISSING
   };
 
+  enum class Canvas {
+      CROP,
+      EMBED,
+      MAX,
+      MIN,
+      IGNORE_ASPECT
+  };
+
   // How many tasks are in the queue?
   extern volatile int counterQueue;
 
@@ -208,9 +216,8 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   /*
     Set animation properties if necessary.
-    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
   */
-  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop);
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int nPages, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop);
 
   /*
     Remove animation properties from image.
@@ -232,6 +239,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
+  /*
+    Multi-page images can have a page height. Fetch it, and sanity check it.
+    If page-height is not set, it defaults to the image height
+  */
+  int GetPageHeight(VImage image);
+
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
   */
@@ -325,6 +338,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image, double const value);
 
+  /*
+    Calculate the shrink factor, taking into account auto-rotate, the canvas
+    mode, and so on. The hshrink/vshrink are the amount to shrink the input
+    image axes by in order for the output axes (ie. after rotation) to match
+    the required thumbnail width/height and canvas mode.
+  */
+  std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_COMMON_H_
diff --git a/src/metadata.cc b/src/metadata.cc
index 219ea589..9143b594 100644
--- a/src/metadata.cc
+++ b/src/metadata.cc
@@ -180,8 +180,6 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       }
       if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
         info.Set("pageHeight", baton->pageHeight);
-      } else if (baton->pages > 0) {
-        info.Set("pageHeight", baton->height);
       }
       if (baton->loop >= 0) {
         info.Set("loop", baton->loop);
diff --git a/src/operations.cc b/src/operations.cc
index b58325c9..3a3566e0 100644
--- a/src/operations.cc
+++ b/src/operations.cc
@@ -308,4 +308,98 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Split and crop each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage CropMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                       int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
+    if (top == 0 && height == *pageHeight) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the height of the multi-page image
+      return image.extract_area(left, 0, width, image.height());
+    } else {
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Split the image into cropped frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(left, *pageHeight * i + top, width, height));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
+    if (top == 0 && height == *pageHeight) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the height of the multi-page image
+      return image.embed(left, 0, width, image.height(), VImage::option()
+        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("background", background));
+    } else if (left == 0 && width == image.width()) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the width of the multi-page image
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Rearrange the tall image into a vertical grid
+      image = image.grid(*pageHeight, nPages, 1);
+
+      // Do the embed on the wide image
+      image = image.embed(0, top, image.width(), height, VImage::option()
+        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("background", background));
+
+      // Split the wide image into frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(width * i, 0, width, height));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    } else {
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Split the image into frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(0, *pageHeight * i, image.width(), *pageHeight));
+      }
+
+      // Embed each frame in the target size
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages[i] = pages[i].embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
+          ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+          ->set("background", background));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    }
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp
diff --git a/src/operations.h b/src/operations.h
index 13270437..6d1f1ca3 100644
--- a/src/operations.h
+++ b/src/operations.h
@@ -108,6 +108,18 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage EnsureColourspace(VImage image, VipsInterpretation colourspace);
 
+  /*
+   * Split and crop each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage CropMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                       int nPages, int *pageHeight);
+
+  /*
+   * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_OPERATIONS_H_
diff --git a/src/pipeline.cc b/src/pipeline.cc
index 74a8b148..a6a041a0 100644
--- a/src/pipeline.cc
+++ b/src/pipeline.cc
@@ -69,6 +69,15 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
       image = sharp::EnsureColourspace(image, baton->colourspaceInput);
 
+      int nPages = baton->input->pages;
+      if (nPages == -1) {
+        // Resolve the number of pages if we need to render until the end of the document
+        nPages = image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_N_PAGES) != 0 ? image.get_int(VIPS_META_N_PAGES) : 1;
+      }
+
+      // Get pre-resize page height
+      int pageHeight = sharp::GetPageHeight(image);
+
       // Calculate angle of rotation
       VipsAngle rotation;
       if (baton->useExifOrientation) {
@@ -104,194 +113,171 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Pre extraction
       if (baton->topOffsetPre != -1) {
-        image = image.extract_area(baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre);
+        image = nPages > 1
+          ? sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+              baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre, nPages, &pageHeight)
+          : image.extract_area(baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre);
       }
 
       // Get pre-resize image width and height
       int inputWidth = image.width();
       int inputHeight = image.height();
-      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-        (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-        // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-        std::swap(inputWidth, inputHeight);
-      }
 
-      // If withoutEnlargement is specified,
-      // Override target width and height if exceeds respective value from input file
-      if (baton->withoutEnlargement) {
-        if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
-          baton->width = inputWidth;
-        }
-        if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
-          baton->height = inputHeight;
-        }
+      // Is there just one page? Shrink to inputHeight instead
+      if (nPages == 1) {
+        pageHeight = inputHeight;
       }
 
       // Scaling calculations
-      double xfactor = 1.0;
-      double yfactor = 1.0;
+      double hshrink;
+      double vshrink;
       int targetResizeWidth = baton->width;
       int targetResizeHeight = baton->height;
-      if (baton->width > 0 && baton->height > 0) {
-        // Fixed width and height
-        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
-        switch (baton->canvas) {
-          case Canvas::CROP:
-            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::EMBED:
-            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::MAX:
-            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::MIN:
-            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
-            if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-              (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-              std::swap(xfactor, yfactor);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-      } else if (baton->width > 0) {
-        // Fixed width
-        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
-          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = inputHeight;
-        } else {
-          // Auto height
-          yfactor = xfactor;
-          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / yfactor));
-        }
-      } else if (baton->height > 0) {
-        // Fixed height
-        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
-          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = inputWidth;
-        } else {
-          // Auto width
-          xfactor = yfactor;
-          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / xfactor));
-        }
-      } else {
-        // Identity transform
-        baton->width = inputWidth;
-        baton->height = inputHeight;
-      }
 
-      // Calculate integral box shrink
-      int xshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(xfactor)));
-      int yshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(yfactor)));
+      // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+      bool swap = !baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270);
 
-      // Calculate residual float affine transformation
-      double xresidual = static_cast<double>(xshrink) / xfactor;
-      double yresidual = static_cast<double>(yshrink) / yfactor;
+      // Shrink to pageHeight, so we work for multi-page images
+      std::tie(hshrink, vshrink) = sharp::ResolveShrink(
+        inputWidth, pageHeight, targetResizeWidth, targetResizeHeight,
+        baton->canvas, swap, baton->withoutEnlargement);
 
-      // If integral x and y shrink are equal, try to use shrink-on-load for JPEG and WebP,
-      // but not when applying gamma correction, pre-resize extract, trim or input colourspace
-      int shrink_on_load = 1;
+      // The jpeg preload shrink.
+      int jpegShrinkOnLoad = 1;
 
-      int shrink_on_load_factor = 1;
-      // Leave at least a factor of two for the final resize step, when fastShrinkOnLoad: false
-      // for more consistent results and avoid occasional small image shifting
-      if (!baton->fastShrinkOnLoad) {
-        shrink_on_load_factor = 2;
-      }
-      if (
-        xshrink == yshrink && xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor &&
-        (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG || inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) &&
+      // WebP, PDF, SVG scale
+      double scale = 1.0;
+
+      // Try to reload input using shrink-on-load for JPEG, WebP, SVG and PDF, when:
+      //  - the width or height parameters are specified;
+      //  - gamma correction doesn't need to be applied;
+      //  - trimming or pre-resize extract isn't required;
+      //  - input colourspace is not specified;
+      bool const shouldPreShrink = (targetResizeWidth > 0 || targetResizeHeight > 0) &&
         baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimThreshold == 0.0 &&
-        baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST &&
-        image.width() > 3 && image.height() > 3 && baton->input->pages == 1
-      ) {
-        if (xshrink >= 8 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 8;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 8;
-          shrink_on_load = 8;
-        } else if (xshrink >= 4 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 4;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 4;
-          shrink_on_load = 4;
-        } else if (xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 2;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 2;
-          shrink_on_load = 2;
+        baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST;
+
+      if (shouldPreShrink) {
+        // The common part of the shrink: the bit by which both axes must be shrunk
+        double shrink = std::min(hshrink, vshrink);
+
+        if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
+          // Leave at least a factor of two for the final resize step, when fastShrinkOnLoad: false
+          // for more consistent results and avoid occasional small image shifting
+          int factor = baton->fastShrinkOnLoad ? 1 : 2;
+          if (shrink >= 8 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 8;
+          } else if (shrink >= 4 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 4;
+          } else if (shrink >= 2 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 2;
+          }
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP ||
+                   inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG ||
+                   inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
+          scale = 1.0 / shrink;
         }
       }
-      // Help ensure a final kernel-based reduction to prevent shrink aliasing
-      if (shrink_on_load > 1 && (xresidual == 1.0 || yresidual == 1.0)) {
-        shrink_on_load = shrink_on_load / 2;
-        xfactor = xfactor * 2;
-        yfactor = yfactor * 2;
-      }
-      if (shrink_on_load > 1) {
-        // Reload input using shrink-on-load
+
+      // Reload input using shrink-on-load, it'll be an integer shrink
+      // factor for jpegload*, a double scale factor for webpload*,
+      // pdfload* and svgload*
+      if (jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1) {
         vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
           ->set("access", baton->input->access)
-          ->set("shrink", shrink_on_load)
+          ->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad)
           ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
         if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+          // Reload JPEG buffer
           VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
-          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
-            // Reload JPEG buffer
-            image = VImage::jpegload_buffer(blob, option);
-          } else {
-            // Reload WebP buffer
-            image = VImage::webpload_buffer(blob, option);
-          }
+          image = VImage::jpegload_buffer(blob, option);
           vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
         } else {
-          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
-            // Reload JPEG file
-            image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          // Reload JPEG file
+          image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+        }
+      } else if (scale != 1.0) {
+        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+          ->set("access", baton->input->access)
+          ->set("scale", scale)
+          ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
+        if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload WebP buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::webpload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
           } else {
             // Reload WebP file
             image = VImage::webpload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
           }
-        }
-        // Recalculate integral shrink and double residual
-        int const shrunkOnLoadWidth = image.width();
-        int const shrunkOnLoadHeight = image.height();
-        if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-          (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-          // Swap when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
-          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
-        } else {
-          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
-          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG) {
+          option->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload SVG buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::svgload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
+          } else {
+            // Reload SVG file
+            image = VImage::svgload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          }
+
+          sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload PDF buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::pdfload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
+          } else {
+            // Reload PDF file
+            image = VImage::pdfload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          }
+
+          sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
         }
       }
-      // Remove animation properties from single page images
-      if (baton->input->pages == 1) {
-        image = sharp::RemoveAnimationProperties(image);
+
+      // Any pre-shrinking may already have been done
+      int thumbWidth = image.width();
+      int thumbHeight = image.height();
+
+      // After pre-shrink, but before the main shrink stage
+      // Reuse the initial pageHeight if we didn't pre-shrink
+      int preshrunkPageHeight = shouldPreShrink ? sharp::GetPageHeight(image) : pageHeight;
+
+      if (baton->fastShrinkOnLoad && jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1) {
+        // JPEG shrink-on-load rounds the output dimensions down, which
+        // may cause incorrect dimensions when fastShrinkOnLoad is enabled
+        // Just recalculate vshrink / hshrink on the main image instead of
+        // the pre-shrunk image when this is the case
+        hshrink = static_cast<double>(thumbWidth) / (static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / hshrink);
+        vshrink = static_cast<double>(preshrunkPageHeight) / (static_cast<double>(pageHeight) / vshrink);
+      } else {
+        // Shrink to preshrunkPageHeight, so we work for multi-page images
+        std::tie(hshrink, vshrink) = sharp::ResolveShrink(
+          thumbWidth, preshrunkPageHeight, targetResizeWidth, targetResizeHeight,
+          baton->canvas, swap, baton->withoutEnlargement);
+      }
+
+      int targetHeight = static_cast<int>(std::rint(static_cast<double>(preshrunkPageHeight) / vshrink));
+      int targetPageHeight = targetHeight;
+
+      // In toilet-roll mode, we must adjust vshrink so that we exactly hit
+      // preshrunkPageHeight or we'll have pixels straddling pixel boundaries
+      if (thumbHeight > preshrunkPageHeight) {
+        targetHeight *= nPages;
+        vshrink = static_cast<double>(thumbHeight) / targetHeight;
       }
 
       // Ensure we're using a device-independent colour space
@@ -345,7 +331,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
       }
 
-      bool const shouldResize = xfactor != 1.0 || yfactor != 1.0;
+      bool const shouldResize = hshrink != 1.0 || vshrink != 1.0;
       bool const shouldBlur = baton->blurSigma != 0.0;
       bool const shouldConv = baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight > 0;
       bool const shouldSharpen = baton->sharpenSigma != 0.0;
@@ -379,21 +365,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         ) {
           throw vips::VError("Unknown kernel");
         }
-        // Ensure shortest edge is at least 1 pixel
-        if (image.width() / xfactor < 0.5) {
-          xfactor = 2 * image.width();
-          if (baton->canvas != Canvas::EMBED) {
-            baton->width = 1;
-          }
-        }
-        if (image.height() / yfactor < 0.5) {
-          yfactor = 2 * image.height();
-          if (baton->canvas != Canvas::EMBED) {
-            baton->height = 1;
-          }
-        }
-        image = image.resize(1.0 / xfactor, VImage::option()
-          ->set("vscale", 1.0 / yfactor)
+        image = image.resize(1.0 / hshrink, VImage::option()
+          ->set("vscale", 1.0 / vshrink)
           ->set("kernel", kernel));
       }
 
@@ -429,52 +402,67 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", baton->colourspace));
       }
 
+      inputWidth = image.width();
+      inputHeight = nPages > 1 ? targetPageHeight : image.height();
+
+      // Resolve dimensions
+      if (baton->width <= 0) {
+        baton->width = inputWidth;
+      }
+      if (baton->height <= 0) {
+        baton->height = inputHeight;
+      }
+
       // Crop/embed
-      if (image.width() != baton->width || image.height() != baton->height) {
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::EMBED) {
+      if (inputWidth != baton->width || inputHeight != baton->height) {
+        if (baton->canvas == sharp::Canvas::EMBED) {
           std::vector<double> background;
           std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->resizeBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
 
           // Embed
 
-          // Calculate where to position the embeded image if gravity specified, else center.
+          // Calculate where to position the embedded image if gravity specified, else center.
           int left;
           int top;
 
-          left = static_cast<int>(round((baton->width - image.width()) / 2));
-          top = static_cast<int>(round((baton->height - image.height()) / 2));
+          left = static_cast<int>(round((baton->width - inputWidth) / 2));
+          top = static_cast<int>(round((baton->height - inputHeight) / 2));
 
-          int width = std::max(image.width(), baton->width);
-          int height = std::max(image.height(), baton->height);
+          int width = std::max(inputWidth, baton->width);
+          int height = std::max(inputHeight, baton->height);
           std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateEmbedPosition(
-            image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+            inputWidth, inputHeight, baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
 
-          image = image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
-            ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
-            ->set("background", background));
+          image = nPages > 1
+            ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
+                left, top, width, height, background, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+            : image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
+              ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+              ->set("background", background));
+        } else if (baton->canvas == sharp::Canvas::CROP) {
+          if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
+            baton->width = inputWidth;
+          }
+          if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
+            baton->height = inputHeight;
+          }
 
-        } else if (
-          baton->canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT &&
-          (image.width() > baton->width || image.height() > baton->height)
-        ) {
-          // Crop/max/min
+          // Crop
           if (baton->position < 9) {
             // Gravity-based crop
             int left;
             int top;
             std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
-              image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
-            int width = std::min(image.width(), baton->width);
-            int height = std::min(image.height(), baton->height);
-            image = image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
-          } else {
+              inputWidth, inputHeight, baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+            int width = std::min(inputWidth, baton->width);
+            int height = std::min(inputHeight, baton->height);
+
+            image = nPages > 1
+              ? sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+                  left, top, width, height, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+              : image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
+          } else if (nPages == 1) {  // Skip smart crop for multi-page images
             // Attention-based or Entropy-based crop
-            if (baton->width > image.width()) {
-              baton->width = image.width();
-            }
-            if (baton->height > image.height()) {
-              baton->height = image.height();
-            }
             image = image.tilecache(VImage::option()
               ->set("access", VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM)
               ->set("threaded", TRUE));
@@ -496,8 +484,17 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Post extraction
       if (baton->topOffsetPost != -1) {
-        image = image.extract_area(
-          baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost);
+        if (nPages > 1) {
+          image = sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+            baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost,
+            nPages, &targetPageHeight);
+
+          // heightPost is used in the info object, so update to reflect the number of pages
+          baton->heightPost *= nPages;
+        } else {
+          image = image.extract_area(
+            baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost);
+        }
       }
 
       // Affine transform
@@ -519,10 +516,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
         // Embed
         baton->width = image.width() + baton->extendLeft + baton->extendRight;
-        baton->height = image.height() + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
+        baton->height = (nPages > 1 ? targetPageHeight : image.height()) + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
 
-        image = image.embed(baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
-          VImage::option()->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)->set("background", background));
+        image = nPages > 1
+          ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
+              baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height, background, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+          : image.embed(baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
+              VImage::option()->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)->set("background", background));
       }
       // Median - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of blurring after thresholding
       if (shouldApplyMedian) {
@@ -763,10 +763,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       baton->height = image.height();
 
       image = sharp::SetAnimationProperties(
-        image,
-        baton->pageHeight,
-        baton->delay,
-        baton->loop);
+        image, nPages, targetPageHeight, baton->delay, baton->loop);
 
       // Output
       sharp::SetTimeout(image, baton->timeoutSeconds);
@@ -1317,15 +1314,15 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Canvas option
   std::string canvas = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "canvas");
   if (canvas == "crop") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::CROP;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::CROP;
   } else if (canvas == "embed") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::EMBED;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::EMBED;
   } else if (canvas == "max") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::MAX;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::MAX;
   } else if (canvas == "min") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::MIN;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::MIN;
   } else if (canvas == "ignore_aspect") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
   }
   // Tint chroma
   baton->tintA = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tintA");
@@ -1520,10 +1517,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT,
     sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "rawDepth").data()));
 
-  // Animated output
-  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "pageHeight")) {
-    baton->pageHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pageHeight");
-  }
+  // Animated output properties
   if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "loop")) {
     baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
   }
diff --git a/src/pipeline.h b/src/pipeline.h
index d461a64d..4f048ced 100644
--- a/src/pipeline.h
+++ b/src/pipeline.h
@@ -27,14 +27,6 @@
 
 Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
-enum class Canvas {
-  CROP,
-  EMBED,
-  MAX,
-  MIN,
-  IGNORE_ASPECT
-};
-
 struct Composite {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
   VipsBlendMode mode;
@@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int width;
   int height;
   int channels;
-  Canvas canvas;
+  sharp::Canvas canvas;
   int position;
   std::vector<double> resizeBackground;
   bool hasCropOffset;
@@ -200,7 +192,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double ensureAlpha;
   VipsInterpretation colourspaceInput;
   VipsInterpretation colourspace;
-  int pageHeight;
   std::vector<int> delay;
   int loop;
   int tileSize;
@@ -221,7 +212,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
-    canvas(Canvas::CROP),
+    canvas(sharp::Canvas::CROP),
     position(0),
     resizeBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     hasCropOffset(false),
@@ -334,7 +325,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     ensureAlpha(-1.0),
     colourspaceInput(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
-    pageHeight(0),
     delay{-1},
     loop(-1),
     tileSize(256),
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/clahe-11-25-14.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/clahe-11-25-14.jpg
index 3ed0f51a..067b79d8 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/clahe-11-25-14.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/clahe-11-25-14.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-height.webp b/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-height.webp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a546307d
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-height.webp differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-width.webp b/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-width.webp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e11efa68
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/fixtures/expected/embed-animated-width.webp differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/extend-equal-single.webp b/test/fixtures/expected/extend-equal-single.webp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95fab397
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/fixtures/expected/extend-equal-single.webp differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/extract-lch.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/extract-lch.jpg
index e922b78a..f5114035 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/extract-lch.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/extract-lch.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-height.webp b/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-height.webp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70fbd1de
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-height.webp differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-width.webp b/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-width.webp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e885bb41
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/fixtures/expected/gravity-center-width.webp differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/hilutite.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/hilutite.jpg
index ed6d06a6..6ae6a71c 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/hilutite.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/hilutite.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/icc-cmyk.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/icc-cmyk.jpg
index 248070c6..66f1f599 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/icc-cmyk.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/icc-cmyk.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/resize-crop-extract.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/resize-crop-extract.jpg
index 166e5e96..e596b9a0 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/resize-crop-extract.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/resize-crop-extract.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/svg72.png b/test/fixtures/expected/svg72.png
index a7833dcf..01d0586a 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/svg72.png and b/test/fixtures/expected/svg72.png differ
diff --git a/test/fixtures/expected/tint-sepia.jpg b/test/fixtures/expected/tint-sepia.jpg
index b344a482..3c8af2c5 100644
Binary files a/test/fixtures/expected/tint-sepia.jpg and b/test/fixtures/expected/tint-sepia.jpg differ
diff --git a/test/unit/avif.js b/test/unit/avif.js
index 98c37702..b2def445 100644
--- a/test/unit/avif.js
+++ b/test/unit/avif.js
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       format: 'jpeg',
       hasAlpha: false,
       hasProfile: false,
-      height: 13,
+      height: 14,
       isProgressive: false,
       space: 'srgb',
       width: 32
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       hasProfile: false,
       height: 26,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 26,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',
@@ -71,9 +70,8 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       format: 'heif',
       hasAlpha: false,
       hasProfile: false,
-      height: 12,
+      height: 14,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 12,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       hasProfile: false,
       height: 300,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 300,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',
diff --git a/test/unit/extend.js b/test/unit/extend.js
index ea491e12..9e49ce51 100644
--- a/test/unit/extend.js
+++ b/test/unit/extend.js
@@ -6,16 +6,30 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 describe('Extend', function () {
-  it('extend all sides equally via a single value', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(120)
-      .extend(10)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+  describe('extend all sides equally via a single value', function () {
+    it('JPEG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .resize(120)
+        .extend(10)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.jpg'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Animated WebP', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(120)
+        .extend(10)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(140 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
   });
 
   it('extend all sides equally with RGB', function (done) {
diff --git a/test/unit/extract.js b/test/unit/extract.js
index 05d67bf1..442638dc 100644
--- a/test/unit/extract.js
+++ b/test/unit/extract.js
@@ -39,10 +39,35 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Before resize', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .extract({ left: 0, top: 30, width: 80, height: 20 })
+        .resize(320, 80)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('After resize', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 320)
+        .extract({ left: 0, top: 120, width: 320, height: 80 })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('TIFF', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
       .extract({ left: 34, top: 63, width: 341, height: 529 })
-      .jpeg()
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(341, info.width);
diff --git a/test/unit/gif.js b/test/unit/gif.js
index 0cade87b..d44b54f9 100644
--- a/test/unit/gif.js
+++ b/test/unit/gif.js
@@ -80,12 +80,6 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
     assert.strictEqual(true, reduced.length < original.length);
   });
 
-  it('invalid pageHeight throws', () => {
-    assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().gif({ pageHeight: 0 });
-    });
-  });
-
   it('invalid loop throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().gif({ loop: -1 });
@@ -97,7 +91,7 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
 
   it('invalid delay throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().gif({ delay: [-1] });
+      sharp().gif({ delay: -1 });
     });
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().gif({ delay: [65536] });
diff --git a/test/unit/metadata.js b/test/unit/metadata.js
index 5fcb55f2..76a842a9 100644
--- a/test/unit/metadata.js
+++ b/test/unit/metadata.js
@@ -194,6 +194,29 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
 
   it('Animated WebP', () =>
     sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated)
+      .metadata()
+      .then(({
+        format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
+      }) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
+        assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(height, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(space, 'srgb');
+        assert.strictEqual(channels, 4);
+        assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
+        assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
+        assert.strictEqual(pages, 9);
+        assert.strictEqual(loop, 0);
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [120, 120, 90, 120, 120, 90, 120, 90, 30]);
+        assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
+        assert.strictEqual(hasAlpha, true);
+      })
+  );
+
+  it('Animated WebP with all pages', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
@@ -202,7 +225,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
-        assert.strictEqual(height, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(height, 720);
         assert.strictEqual(space, 'srgb');
         assert.strictEqual(channels, 4);
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
@@ -221,8 +244,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 370);
@@ -232,7 +255,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 10);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 285);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 3);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [...Array(9).fill(3000), 15000]);
         assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
@@ -285,8 +307,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        background, hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, background,
+        hasProfile, hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'gif');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
@@ -296,7 +318,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 30);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 80);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 0);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, Array(30).fill(30));
         assert.deepStrictEqual(background, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 });
@@ -310,8 +331,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'gif');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 370);
@@ -321,7 +342,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 10);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 285);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 2);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [...Array(9).fill(3000), 15000]);
         assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
@@ -522,7 +542,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('Relative', profile.intent);
           assert.strictEqual('Printer', profile.deviceClass);
         });
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(output, fixtures.path('expected/icc-cmyk.jpg'), { threshold: 0 }, done);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(output, fixtures.expected('icc-cmyk.jpg'), { threshold: 0 }, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -533,7 +553,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .withMetadata({ icc: fixtures.path('hilutite.icm') })
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.path('expected/hilutite.jpg'), 9);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('hilutite.jpg'), 9);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -737,7 +757,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       depth: 'uchar',
       isProgressive: false,
       pages: 1,
-      pageHeight: 858,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       compression: 'av1',
       hasProfile: false,
diff --git a/test/unit/resize-contain.js b/test/unit/resize-contain.js
index d443ed2a..7a0a2e92 100644
--- a/test/unit/resize-contain.js
+++ b/test/unit/resize-contain.js
@@ -148,6 +148,42 @@ describe('Resize fit=contain', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Width only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 240, {
+          fit: 'contain',
+          background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+          assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(240 * 9, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-animated-width.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Height only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(240, 320, {
+          fit: 'contain',
+          background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+          assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(240, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320 * 9, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-animated-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Invalid position values should fail', function () {
     [-1, 8.1, 9, 1000000, false, 'vallejo'].forEach(function (position) {
       assert.throws(function () {
diff --git a/test/unit/resize-cover.js b/test/unit/resize-cover.js
index 4d780000..75d9a73a 100644
--- a/test/unit/resize-cover.js
+++ b/test/unit/resize-cover.js
@@ -269,6 +269,30 @@ describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Width only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(80, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.cover })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-width.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Height only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 80, { fit: sharp.fit.cover })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('Entropy-based strategy', function () {
     it('JPEG', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
diff --git a/test/unit/svg.js b/test/unit/svg.js
index fd436e27..ee832352 100644
--- a/test/unit/svg.js
+++ b/test/unit/svg.js
@@ -74,6 +74,27 @@ describe('SVG input', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Convert SVG to PNG utilizing scale-on-load', function (done) {
+    const size = 1024;
+    sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
+      .resize(size)
+      .toFormat('png')
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(size, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(size, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('circle.png'), data, function (err) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          sharp(data).metadata(function (err, info) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(72, info.density);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Convert SVG to PNG at 14.4DPI', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputSvg, { density: 14.4 })
       .toFormat('png')
diff --git a/test/unit/webp.js b/test/unit/webp.js
index 00815681..3e122e8b 100644
--- a/test/unit/webp.js
+++ b/test/unit/webp.js
@@ -133,12 +133,6 @@ describe('WebP', function () {
     });
   });
 
-  it('invalid pageHeight throws', () => {
-    assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().webp({ pageHeight: 0 });
-    });
-  });
-
   it('invalid loop throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().webp({ loop: -1 });
@@ -151,7 +145,7 @@ describe('WebP', function () {
 
   it('invalid delay throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().webp({ delay: [-1] });
+      sharp().webp({ delay: -1 });
     });
 
     assert.throws(() => {
@@ -159,16 +153,13 @@ describe('WebP', function () {
     });
   });
 
-  it('should double the number of frames with default delay', async () => {
-    const original = await sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 }).metadata();
+  it('should repeat a single delay for all frames', async () => {
     const updated = await sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
-      .webp({ pageHeight: original.pageHeight / 2 })
+      .webp({ delay: 100 })
       .toBuffer()
       .then(data => sharp(data, { pages: -1 }).metadata());
 
-    assert.strictEqual(updated.pages, original.pages * 2);
-    assert.strictEqual(updated.pageHeight, original.pageHeight / 2);
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(updated.delay, [...original.delay, ...Array(9).fill(120)]);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(updated.delay, Array(updated.pages).fill(100));
   });
 
   it('should limit animation loop', async () => {
@@ -216,22 +207,14 @@ describe('WebP', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('should remove animation properties when loading single page', async () => {
-    const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimatedLoop3)
+  it('should resize animated image to page height', async () => {
+    const updated = await sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
       .resize({ height: 570 })
       .webp({ effort: 0 })
-      .toBuffer();
-    const { size, ...metadata } = await sharp(data).metadata();
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadata, {
-      format: 'webp',
-      width: 740,
-      height: 570,
-      space: 'srgb',
-      channels: 3,
-      depth: 'uchar',
-      isProgressive: false,
-      hasProfile: false,
-      hasAlpha: false
-    });
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(data => sharp(data, { pages: -1 }).metadata());
+
+    assert.strictEqual(updated.height, 570 * 9);
+    assert.strictEqual(updated.pageHeight, 570);
   });
 });