diff --git a/docs/changelog.md b/docs/changelog.md
index 4d04ba63..47fca4f1 100644
--- a/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/changelog.md
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ Requires libvips v8.13.2
 * Ensure manual flip, rotate, resize operation ordering (regression in 0.31.1)
   [#3391](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3391)
 
+* Ensure auto-rotation works without resize (regression in 0.31.1)
+  [#3422](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3422)
+
 ### v0.31.1 - 29th September 2022
 
 * Upgrade to libvips v8.13.2 for upstream bug fixes.
diff --git a/src/pipeline.cc b/src/pipeline.cc
index d69a88b0..0171110e 100644
--- a/src/pipeline.cc
+++ b/src/pipeline.cc
@@ -162,7 +162,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       int targetResizeHeight = baton->height;
 
       // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-      bool swap = !baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270);
+      bool swap = !baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
+        (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270 ||
+          autoRotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || autoRotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270);
 
       // Shrink to pageHeight, so we work for multi-page images
       std::tie(hshrink, vshrink) = sharp::ResolveShrink(
@@ -379,6 +381,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           ->set("kernel", baton->kernel));
       }
 
+      // Auto-rotate post-extract
+      if (autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+        image = image.rot(autoRotation);
+      }
       // Flip (mirror about Y axis)
       if (baton->flip || autoFlip) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
@@ -388,7 +394,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
       }
       // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
-      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+      if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
         image = image.rot(rotation);
       }
 
diff --git a/test/unit/rotate.js b/test/unit/rotate.js
index e3a4637a..a08bc51a 100644
--- a/test/unit/rotate.js
+++ b/test/unit/rotate.js
@@ -8,16 +8,43 @@ const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 describe('Rotation', function () {
   ['Landscape', 'Portrait'].forEach(function (orientation) {
     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].forEach(function (exifTag) {
-      it('Input image has Orientation EXIF tag value of (' + exifTag + '), auto-rotate', function (done) {
-        sharp(fixtures['inputJpgWith' + orientation + 'Exif' + exifTag])
+      const input = fixtures[`inputJpgWith${orientation}Exif${exifTag}`];
+      const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}-out.jpg`);
+      it(`Auto-rotate ${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}`, function (done) {
+        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
+        sharp(input)
           .rotate()
-          .resize(320)
           .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
             if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-            assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(orientation === 'Landscape' ? 240 : 427, info.height);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected(orientation + '_' + exifTag + '-out.jpg'), data, done);
+            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+          });
+      });
+      it(`Auto-rotate then resize ${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}`, function (done) {
+        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [320, 240] : [320, 427];
+        sharp(input)
+          .rotate()
+          .resize({ width: 320 })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+          });
+      });
+      it(`Resize then auto-rotate ${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}`, function (done) {
+        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape'
+          ? (exifTag < 5) ? [320, 240] : [320, 240]
+          : [320, 427];
+        sharp(input)
+          .resize({ width: 320 })
+          .rotate()
+          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
           });
       });
     });