diff --git a/test/unit/rotate.js b/test/unit/rotate.js
index f7fe2f1d..dc178409 100644
--- a/test/unit/rotate.js
+++ b/test/unit/rotate.js
@@ -9,72 +9,20 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 describe('Rotation', function () {
-  ['Landscape', 'Portrait'].forEach(function (orientation) {
-    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].forEach(function (exifTag) {
-      const input = fixtures[`inputJpgWith${orientation}Exif${exifTag}`];
-      const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}-out.jpg`);
-      it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate`, function (done) {
-        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
-        sharp(input)
-          .rotate()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
-            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-      it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then resize`, function (done) {
-        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [320, 240] : [320, 427];
-        sharp(input)
-          .rotate()
-          .resize({ width: 320 })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
-            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-      it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Resize then auto-rotate`, function (done) {
-        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape'
-          ? (exifTag < 5) ? [320, 240] : [320, 240]
-          : [320, 427];
-        sharp(input)
-          .resize({ width: 320 })
-          .rotate()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
-            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
-          });
-      });
+  ['rotate', 'autoOrient', 'constructor'].forEach(function (rotateMethod) {
+    describe(`Auto orientation via ${rotateMethod}:`, () => {
+      const options = rotateMethod === 'constructor' ? { autoOrient: true } : {};
 
-      it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-orient (alias of .rotate())`, function (done) {
-        const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
-        sharp(input)
-          .autoOrient()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
-            assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
-          });
-      });
+      ['Landscape', 'Portrait'].forEach(function (orientation) {
+        [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].forEach(function (exifTag) {
+          const input = fixtures[`inputJpgWith${orientation}Exif${exifTag}`];
+          const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}-out.jpg`);
+          it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate`, function (done) {
+            const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
 
-      [true, false].forEach((doResize) => {
-        [90, 180, 270, 45].forEach(function (angle) {
-          const [inputWidth, inputHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
-          const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}_rotate${angle}-out.jpg`);
-          it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then rotate ${angle} ${doResize ? 'and resize' : ''}`, function (done) {
-            const [width, height] = (angle === 45 ? [742, 742] : [inputWidth, inputHeight]).map((x) => doResize ? Math.floor(x / 1.875) : x);
-            const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = angle % 180 === 0 ? [width, height] : [height, width];
-
-            const img = sharp(input)
-              .rotate()
-              .rotate(angle);
-            doResize && img.resize(expectedWidth);
+            const img = sharp(input, options);
+            rotateMethod === 'rotate' && img.rotate();
+            rotateMethod === 'autoOrient' && img.autoOrient();
 
             img.toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
               if (err) throw err;
@@ -83,25 +31,90 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
               fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
             });
           });
-        });
 
-        [[true, true], [true, false], [false, true]].forEach(function ([flip, flop]) {
-          const [inputWidth, inputHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
-          const flipFlopFileName = [flip && 'flip', flop && 'flop'].filter(Boolean).join('_');
-          const flipFlopTestName = [flip && 'flip', flop && 'flop'].filter(Boolean).join(' & ');
-          it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then ${flipFlopTestName} ${doResize ? 'and resize' : ''}`, function (done) {
-            const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}_${flipFlopFileName}-out.jpg`);
+          it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then resize`, function (done) {
+            const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [320, 240] : [320, 427];
 
-            const img = sharp(input).rotate();
-            flip && img.flip();
-            flop && img.flop();
-            doResize && img.resize(orientation === 'Landscape' ? 320 : 240);
+            const img = sharp(input, options);
+            rotateMethod === 'rotate' && img.rotate();
+            rotateMethod === 'autoOrient' && img.autoOrient();
 
-            img.toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-              if (err) throw err;
-              assert.strictEqual(info.width, inputWidth / (doResize ? 1.875 : 1));
-              assert.strictEqual(info.height, inputHeight / (doResize ? 1.875 : 1));
-              fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+            img.resize({ width: 320 })
+              .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+                if (err) throw err;
+                assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+                assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+                fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+              });
+          });
+
+          if (rotateMethod !== 'constructor') {
+            it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Resize then auto-rotate`, function (done) {
+              const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape'
+                ? (exifTag < 5) ? [320, 240] : [320, 240]
+                : [320, 427];
+
+              const img = sharp(input, options)
+                .resize({ width: 320 });
+
+              rotateMethod === 'rotate' && img.rotate();
+              rotateMethod === 'autoOrient' && img.autoOrient();
+              img.toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+                if (err) throw err;
+                assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+                assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+                fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+              });
+            });
+          }
+
+          [true, false].forEach((doResize) => {
+            [90, 180, 270, 45].forEach(function (angle) {
+              const [inputWidth, inputHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
+              const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}_rotate${angle}-out.jpg`);
+              it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then rotate ${angle} ${doResize ? 'and resize' : ''}`, function (done) {
+                const [width, height] = (angle === 45 ? [742, 742] : [inputWidth, inputHeight]).map((x) => doResize ? Math.floor(x / 1.875) : x);
+                const [expectedWidth, expectedHeight] = angle % 180 === 0 ? [width, height] : [height, width];
+
+                const img = sharp(input, options);
+                rotateMethod === 'rotate' && img.rotate();
+                rotateMethod === 'autoOrient' && img.autoOrient();
+
+                img.rotate(angle);
+                doResize && img.resize(expectedWidth);
+
+                img.toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+                  if (err) throw err;
+                  assert.strictEqual(info.width, expectedWidth);
+                  assert.strictEqual(info.height, expectedHeight);
+                  fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+                });
+              });
+            });
+
+            [[true, true], [true, false], [false, true]].forEach(function ([flip, flop]) {
+              const [inputWidth, inputHeight] = orientation === 'Landscape' ? [600, 450] : [450, 600];
+              const flipFlopFileName = [flip && 'flip', flop && 'flop'].filter(Boolean).join('_');
+              const flipFlopTestName = [flip && 'flip', flop && 'flop'].filter(Boolean).join(' & ');
+              it(`${orientation} image with EXIF Orientation ${exifTag}: Auto-rotate then ${flipFlopTestName} ${doResize ? 'and resize' : ''}`, function (done) {
+                const expectedOutput = fixtures.expected(`${orientation}_${exifTag}_${flipFlopFileName}-out.jpg`);
+
+                const img = sharp(input, options);
+
+                rotateMethod === 'rotate' && img.rotate();
+                rotateMethod === 'autoOrient' && img.autoOrient();
+
+                flip && img.flip();
+                flop && img.flop();
+                doResize && img.resize(orientation === 'Landscape' ? 320 : 240);
+
+                img.toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+                  if (err) throw err;
+                  assert.strictEqual(info.width, inputWidth / (doResize ? 1.875 : 1));
+                  assert.strictEqual(info.height, inputHeight / (doResize ? 1.875 : 1));
+                  fixtures.assertSimilar(expectedOutput, data, done);
+                });
+              });
             });
           });
         });