2025-07-09 18:40:16 +02:00
63 changed files with 607 additions and 1370 deletions
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+version: 2.1
+
+workflows:
+  build:
+    jobs:
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-20:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-20:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+
+jobs:
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2204:current
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linux-arm64=file:./npm/linux-arm64\""
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-20:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2204:current
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_20.x nodistro main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
+          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linux-arm64=file:./npm/linux-arm64\""
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2204:current
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:18-alpine3.17
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64=file:./npm/linuxmusl-arm64\""
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-20:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2204:current
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp node:20-alpine3.18
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
+          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64=file:./npm/linuxmusl-arm64\""
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ b/.cirrus.yml
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 freebsd_instance:
-  image_family: freebsd-15-0-snap
+  image_family: freebsd-14-0-snap

 task:
  name: FreeBSD
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ on:
  - pull_request
 permissions: {}
 jobs:
-  build-native:
+  github-runner:
    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    name: "build-${{ matrix.platform }} [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] ${{ matrix.package && '[package]' }}"
+      contents: write
+    name: ${{ matrix.platform }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }} ${{ matrix.prebuild && '- prebuild' }}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    container: ${{ matrix.container }}
    strategy:
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: linux-x64
-            package: true
+            prebuild: true
          - os: ubuntu-24.04
            container: rockylinux:8
            nodejs_arch: x64
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
            container: node:18-alpine3.17
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: linuxmusl-x64
-            package: true
+            prebuild: true
          - os: ubuntu-24.04
            container: node:20-alpine3.18
            nodejs_version_major: 20
@ -46,25 +46,12 @@ jobs:
            container: node:22-alpine3.20
            nodejs_version_major: 22
            platform: linuxmusl-x64
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            container: arm64v8/rockylinux:8
-            nodejs_arch: arm64
-            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
-            nodejs_version_major: 18
-            platform: linux-arm64
-            package: true
-          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            container: arm64v8/rockylinux:8
-            nodejs_arch: arm64
-            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
-            nodejs_version_major: 20
-            platform: linux-arm64
          - os: macos-13
            nodejs_arch: x64
            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: darwin-x64
-            package: true
+            prebuild: true
          - os: macos-13
            nodejs_arch: x64
            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
@ -80,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: darwin-arm64
-            package: true
+            prebuild: true
          - os: macos-14
            nodejs_arch: arm64
            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
@ -91,34 +78,34 @@ jobs:
            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 22
            platform: darwin-arm64
-          - os: windows-2022
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x86
            nodejs_version: "18.18.2" # pinned to avoid 18.19.0 and npm 10
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: win32-ia32
-            package: true
-          - os: windows-2022
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x86
            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 20
            platform: win32-ia32
-          - os: windows-2022
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x86
            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 22
            platform: win32-ia32
-          - os: windows-2022
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x64
            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 18
            platform: win32-x64
-            package: true
-          - os: windows-2022
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x64
            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 20
            platform: win32-x64
-          - os: windows-2022
+          - os: windows-2019
            nodejs_arch: x64
            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 22
@ -128,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
            nodejs_version_major: 20
            platform: win32-arm64
-            package: true
+            prebuild: true
          - os: windows-11-arm
            nodejs_arch: arm64
            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
@ -138,8 +125,8 @@ jobs:
      - name: Dependencies (Rocky Linux glibc)
        if: contains(matrix.container, 'rockylinux')
        run: |
-          dnf install -y gcc-toolset-14-gcc-c++ make git python3.12 fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
-          echo "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-14/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++ make git python3.12 fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
+          echo "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
      - name: Dependencies (Linux musl)
        if: contains(matrix.container, 'alpine')
        run: apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache
@ -154,70 +141,31 @@ jobs:
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }}
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Install
        run: npm install --build-from-source
      - name: Test
        run: npm test
-      - name: Populate npm package
-        if: matrix.package
-        run: npm run package-from-local-build
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: matrix.package
-        with:
-          name: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-          path: npm/${{ matrix.platform }}
-          retention-days: 1
-          if-no-files-found: error
-  build-linuxmusl-arm-64:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    name: "build-linuxmusl-arm64 [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] ${{ matrix.package && '[package]' }}"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    container:
-      image: ${{ matrix.container }}
-      volumes:
-        - /:/host
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-        - container: node:18-alpine3.17
-          nodejs_version_major: 18
-          package: true
-        - container: node:20-alpine3.18
-          nodejs_version_major: 20
-    steps:
-      - name: Allow Linux musl containers on ARM64 runners # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/801#issuecomment-2394425757
-        shell: sh
+      - name: Test packaging
        run: |
-          apk add nodejs
-          sed -i "s:ID=alpine:ID=NotpineForGHA:" /etc/os-release
-          cd /host/home/runner/runners/*/externals/
-          rm -rf node20/*
-          mkdir node20/bin
-          ln -s /usr/bin/node node20/bin/node
-      - name: Dependencies
-        run: apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install
-        run: npm install --build-from-source
-      - name: Test
-        run: npm test
-      - name: Populate npm package
-        if: matrix.package
-        run: npm run package-from-local-build
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: matrix.package
-        with:
-          name: linuxmusl-arm64
-          path: npm/linuxmusl-arm64
-          retention-days: 1
-          if-no-files-found: error
-  build-qemu:
+          npm run package-from-local-build
+          npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-${{ matrix.platform }}=file:./npm/${{ matrix.platform }}"
+          npm run clean
+          npm install --ignore-scripts
+          npm test
+      - name: Prebuild
+        if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        env:
+          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          node -e "require('fs').cpSync('package.json', 'src/package.json')"
+          cd src
+          npx prebuild
+  github-runner-qemu:
    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    name: "build-${{ matrix.platform }} [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] [package]"
+      contents: write
+    name: ${{ matrix.platform }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }} - prebuild
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
@ -250,6 +198,8 @@ jobs:
        with:
          arch: ${{ matrix.run_on_arch }}
          distro: ${{ matrix.distro }}
+          env: |
+            prebuild_upload: "${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') && secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN || '' }}"
          run: |
            apt-get update
            apt-get install -y curl g++ git libatomic1 make python3 xz-utils
@ -259,20 +209,20 @@ jobs:
            npm install --build-from-source
            npx mocha --no-config --spec=test/unit/io.js --timeout=30000
            npm run package-from-local-build
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-          path: npm/${{ matrix.platform }}
-          retention-days: 1
-          if-no-files-found: error
-  build-emscripten:
+            npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-${{ matrix.platform }}=file:./npm/${{ matrix.platform }}"
+            npm run clean
+            npm install --ignore-scripts
+            npx mocha --no-config --spec=test/unit/io.js --timeout=30000
+            [[ -n $prebuild_upload ]] && cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild || true
+  github-runner-emscripten:
    permissions:
-      contents: read
-    name: "build-wasm32 [package]"
+      contents: write
+    name: wasm32 - prebuild
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    container: "emscripten/emsdk:4.0.10"
+    container: "emscripten/emsdk:4.0.6"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Dependencies
        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y pkg-config
      - name: Dependencies (Node.js)
@ -290,35 +240,17 @@ jobs:
          test "$EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_LIBVIPS" = "$EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_SHARP"
      - name: Test
        run: emmake npm test
-      - name: Populate npm package
-        run: emmake npm run package-from-local-build
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: wasm32
-          path: npm/wasm32
-          retention-days: 1
-          if-no-files-found: error
-  release:
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    needs:
-      - build-native
-      - build-linuxmusl-arm-64
-      - build-qemu
-      - build-emscripten
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: npm
-      - name: Create npm workspace tarball
-        run: tar -vcaf npm-workspace.tar.xz --directory npm --exclude=from-local-build.js .
-      - name: Create GitHub release for tag
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
-        with:
-          artifacts: npm-workspace.tar.xz
-          artifactContentType: application/x-xz
-          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref, '-rc') }}
-          makeLatest: ${{ !contains(github.ref, '-rc') }}
+      - name: Test packaging
+        run: |
+          emmake npm run package-from-local-build
+          npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-wasm32=file:./npm/wasm32"
+          npm run clean
+          rm -rf node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-x64
+          npm install --cpu=wasm32
+          npm test
+      - name: Prebuild
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        env:
+          npm_config_nodedir: emscripten
+          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: cd src && ln -s ../package.json && emmake npx prebuild --platform=emscripten --arch=wasm32 --strip=0
--- a/.github/workflows/npm.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/npm.yml
@ -70,27 +70,27 @@ jobs:
            runtime: bun

          - name: win32-x64-node-npm
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: node
            package-manager: npm
          - name: win32-x64-node-pnpm
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: node
            package-manager: pnpm
          - name: win32-x64-node-yarn
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: node
            package-manager: yarn
          - name: win32-x64-node-yarn-pnp
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: node
            package-manager: yarn-pnp
          - name: win32-x64-node-yarn-v1
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: node
            package-manager: yarn-v1
          - name: win32-x64-deno
-            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runs-on: windows-2019
            runtime: deno

    steps:
--- a/.prebuildrc
+++ b/.prebuildrc
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "runtime": "napi",
+  "include-regex": "(sharp-.+\\.node|libvips-.+\\.dll)",
+  "prerelease": true,
+  "strip": true
+}
--- a/docs/astro.config.mjs
+++ b/docs/astro.config.mjs
@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ export default defineConfig({
        { label: 'Performance', slug: 'performance' },
        { label: 'Changelog', slug: 'changelog' }
      ],
-      social: [
-        { icon: 'openCollective', label: 'Open Collective', href: 'https://opencollective.com/libvips' },
-        { icon: 'github', label: 'GitHub', href: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp' }
-      ]
+      social: {
+        openCollective: 'https://opencollective.com/libvips',
+        github: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp'
+      }
    })
  ]
 });
--- a/docs/package.json
+++ b/docs/package.json
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
    "astro": "astro"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@astrojs/starlight": "^0.34.3",
-    "astro": "^5.7.13"
+    "@astrojs/starlight": "^0.32.3",
+    "astro": "^5.5.3"
  }
 }
--- a/docs/public/humans.txt
+++ b/docs/public/humans.txt
@ -320,6 +320,3 @@ GitHub: https://github.com/qpincon

 Name: Hans Chen
 GitHub: https://github.com/hans00
-
-Name: Thibaut Patel
-GitHub: https://github.com/tpatel
--- a/docs/src/content/docs/api-constructor.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/api-constructor.md
@ -44,23 +44,24 @@ where the overall height is the `pageHeight` multiplied by the number of `pages`
 | [options.ignoreIcc] | <code>number</code> | <code>false</code> | should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored. |
 | [options.pages] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages. |
 | [options.page] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based. |
+| [options.subifd] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. |
+| [options.level] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. |
+| [options.pdfBackground] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. |
 | [options.animated] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`. |
 | [options.raw] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering. |
 | [options.raw.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
 | [options.raw.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
 | [options.raw.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, between 1 and 4. |
 | [options.raw.premultiplied] | <code>boolean</code> |  | specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`) |
-| [options.raw.pageHeight] | <code>number</code> |  | The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `raw.height`. |
 | [options.create] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new image to be created. |
 | [options.create.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
 | [options.create.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
 | [options.create.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA). |
 | [options.create.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
-| [options.create.pageHeight] | <code>number</code> |  | The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `create.height`. |
 | [options.create.noise] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a noise to be created. |
 | [options.create.noise.type] | <code>string</code> |  | type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported. |
-| [options.create.noise.mean] | <code>number</code> | <code>128</code> | Mean value of pixels in the generated noise. |
-| [options.create.noise.sigma] | <code>number</code> | <code>30</code> | Standard deviation of pixel values in the generated noise. |
+| [options.create.noise.mean] | <code>number</code> |  | mean of pixels in generated noise. |
+| [options.create.noise.sigma] | <code>number</code> |  | standard deviation of pixels in generated noise. |
 | [options.text] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new text image to be created. |
 | [options.text.text] | <code>string</code> |  | text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`. |
 | [options.text.font] | <code>string</code> |  | font name to render with. |
@ -80,17 +81,6 @@ where the overall height is the `pageHeight` multiplied by the number of `pages`
 | [options.join.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
 | [options.join.halign] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;left&#x27;&quot;</code> | horizontal alignment style for images joined horizontally (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`). |
 | [options.join.valign] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;top&#x27;&quot;</code> | vertical alignment style for images joined vertically (`'top'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'bottom'`). |
-| [options.tiff] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes TIFF specific options. |
-| [options.tiff.subifd] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | Sub Image File Directory to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. |
-| [options.svg] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes SVG specific options. |
-| [options.svg.stylesheet] | <code>string</code> |  | Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade. |
-| [options.svg.highBitdepth] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA. |
-| [options.pdf] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes PDF specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. |
-| [options.pdf.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
-| [options.openSlide] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes OpenSlide specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide. |
-| [options.openSlide.level] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based. |
-| [options.jp2] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes JPEG 2000 specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG. |
-| [options.jp2.oneshot] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to decode tiled JPEG 2000 images in a single operation, improving compatibility. |

 **Example**  
 ```js
--- a/docs/src/content/docs/api-output.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/api-output.md
@ -242,57 +242,6 @@ const outputWithP3 = await sharp(input)
 ```


-## keepXmp
-> keepXmp() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
-
-Keep XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
-
-
-**Since**: 0.34.3  
-**Example**  
-```js
-const outputWithXmp = await sharp(inputWithXmp)
-  .keepXmp()
-  .toBuffer();
-```
-
-
-## withXmp
-> withXmp(xmp) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
-
-Set XMP metadata in the output image.
-
-Supported by PNG, JPEG, WebP, and TIFF output.
-
-
-**Throws**:
-
- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
-
-**Since**: 0.34.3  
-
-| Param | Type | Description |
-| --- | --- | --- |
-| xmp | <code>string</code> | String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image. |
-
-**Example**  
-```js
-const xmpString = `
-  <?xml version="1.0"?>
-  <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
-    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
-      <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
-        <dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>John Doe</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator>
-      </rdf:Description>
-    </rdf:RDF>
-  </x:xmpmeta>`;
-
-const data = await sharp(input)
-  .withXmp(xmpString)
-  .toBuffer();
-```
-
-
 ## keepMetadata
 > keepMetadata() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>

@ -547,7 +496,6 @@ The palette of the input image will be re-used if possible.
 | [options.dither] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) |
 | [options.interFrameMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32 |
 | [options.interPaletteMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>3</code> | maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256 |
-| [options.keepDuplicateFrames] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them |
 | [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
 | [options.delay] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds) |
 | [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
@ -678,9 +626,6 @@ Use these AVIF options for output image.
 AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 Prebuilt binaries support a bitdepth of 8 only.

-This feature is experimental on the Windows ARM64 platform
-and requires a CPU with ARM64v8.4 or later.
-

 **Throws**:

--- a/docs/src/content/docs/api-resize.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/api-resize.md
@ -38,8 +38,6 @@ Possible downsizing kernels are:
 - `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf).
 - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
 - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
- `mks2013`: Use a [Magic Kernel Sharp](https://johncostella.com/magic/mks.pdf) 2013 kernel, as adopted by Facebook.
- `mks2021`: Use a Magic Kernel Sharp 2021 kernel, with more accurate (reduced) sharpening than the 2013 version.

 When upsampling, these kernels map to `nearest`, `linear` and `cubic` interpolators.
 Downsampling kernels without a matching upsampling interpolator map to `cubic`.
--- a/docs/src/content/docs/api-utility.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/api-utility.md
@ -113,9 +113,15 @@ Some image format libraries spawn additional threads,
 e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
 and these are independent of the value set here.

-:::note
-Further [control over performance](/performance) is available.
-:::
+The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
+is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
+which defaults to 4.
+
+https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
+
+For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
+4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
+so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.


 **Returns**: <code>number</code> - concurrency  
--- a/docs/src/content/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/changelog.md
@ -4,49 +4,17 @@ title: Changelog
  
 ## v0.34 - *hat*

-Requires libvips v8.17.1
+Requires libvips v8.16.1

-### v0.34.3 - TBD
-
-* Upgrade to libvips v8.17.1 for upstream bug fixes.
-
-* Add "Magic Kernel Sharp" (no relation) to resizing kernels.
-
-* Deprecate top-level, format-specific constructor parameters, e.g. `subifd` becomes `tiff.subifd`.
-
-* Expose `stylesheet` and `highBitdepth` SVG input parameters.
-
-* Expose `keepDuplicateFrames` GIF output parameter.
-
-* Add support for RAW digital camera image input. Requires libvips compiled with libraw support.
-
-* Provide XMP metadata as a string, as well as a Buffer, where possible.
-
-* Add `pageHeight` option to `create` and `raw` input for animated images.
-  [#3236](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3236)
-
-* Expose JPEG 2000 `oneshot` decoder option.
-  [#4262](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4262)
-  [@mbklein](https://github.com/mbklein)
-
-* Support composite operation with non-sRGB pipeline colourspace.
-  [#4412](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4412)
-  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
-
-* Add `keepXmp` and `withXmp` for control over output XMP metadata.
-  [#4416](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4416)
-  [@tpatel](https://github.com/tpatel)
-
-### v0.34.2 - 20th May 2025
+### v0.34.2 - TBD

 * Ensure animated GIF to WebP conversion retains loop (regression in 0.34.0).
  [#3394](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3394)

 * Ensure `pdfBackground` constructor property is used.
  [#4207](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4207)
-  [#4398](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4398)

-* Add experimental support for prebuilt Windows ARM64 binaries.
+* Add support for prebuilt Windows ARM64 binaries.
  [#4375](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4375)
  [@hans00](https://github.com/hans00)

--- a/docs/src/content/docs/install.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/install.md
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pnpm add sharp
 ```

 When using `pnpm`, you may need to add `sharp` to
-[ignoredBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/settings#ignoredbuiltdependencies)
+[ignoredBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/package_json#pnpmignoredbuiltdependencies)
 to silence warnings.

 ```sh
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use on the most commo
 * Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.26, musl >= 1.2.2, CPU with SSE4.2)
 * Windows x64
 * Windows x86
-* Windows ARM64 (experimental, CPU with ARMv8.4 required for all features)
+* Windows ARM64

 This provides support for the
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF (limited to 8-bit depth), TIFF, GIF and SVG (input) image formats.
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://yarnpkg.com/configuration/yarnrc#suppor

 ### pnpm v8+

-Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://pnpm.io/settings#supportedarchitectures) configuration.
+Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://pnpm.io/package_json#pnpmsupportedarchitectures) configuration.

 ## Custom libvips

@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ npm install --save node-addon-api node-gyp
 ```

 When using `pnpm`, you may need to add `sharp` to
-[onlyBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/settings#onlybuiltdependencies)
+[onlyBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/package_json#pnpmonlybuiltdependencies)
 to ensure the installation script can be run.

 For cross-compiling, the `--platform`, `--arch` and `--libc` npm flags
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ The default memory allocator on most glibc-based Linux systems
 processes that involve lots of small memory allocations.

 For this reason, by default, sharp will limit the use of thread-based
-[concurrency](/api-utility#concurrency) when the glibc allocator is
+[concurrency](api-utility#concurrency) when the glibc allocator is
 detected at runtime.

 To help avoid fragmentation and improve performance on these systems,
--- a/docs/src/content/docs/performance.md
+++ b/docs/src/content/docs/performance.md
@ -2,38 +2,6 @@
 title: Performance
 ---

-## Parallelism and concurrency
-
-Node.js uses a libuv-managed thread pool when processing asynchronous calls to native modules such as sharp.
-
-The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel is controlled by libuv's
-[`UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE`](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize)
-environment variable, which defaults to 4.
-
-When using more than 4 physical CPU cores, set this environment variable
-before the Node.js process starts to increase the thread pool size.
-
-```sh
-export UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE="$(lscpu -p | egrep -v "^#" | sort -u -t, -k 2,4 | wc -l)"
-```
-
-libvips uses a glib-managed thread pool to avoid the overhead of spawning new threads.
-
-The default number of threads used to concurrently process each image is the same as the number of CPU cores,
-except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc, where the default is `1` to help reduce memory fragmentation.
-
-Use [`sharp.concurrency()`](/api-utility/#concurrency) to manage the number of threads per image.
-
-To reduce memory fragmentation when using the default Linux glibc memory allocator, set the
-[`MALLOC_ARENA_MAX`](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Memory-Allocation-Tunables.html)
-environment variable before the Node.js process starts to reduce the number of memory pools.
-
-```sh
-export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX="2"
-```
-
-## Benchmark
-
 A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.

 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
@ -41,28 +9,28 @@ and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.

 The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.

-### Contenders
+## Contenders

- [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v1.6.0 - Image processing in pure JavaScript.
- [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "_has been unmaintained for a long time_".
- [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.25.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility, but "_has been sunset_".
- sharp v0.34.3 / libvips v8.17.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v1.6.0 - Image processing in pure JavaScript.
+* [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
+* [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.25.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility, but "*has been sunset*".
+* sharp v0.34.0 / libvips v8.16.1 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.

-### Environment
+## Environment

-#### AMD64
+### AMD64

- AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c7a.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7a/) (4x AMD EPYC 9R14)
- Ubuntu 25.04
- Node.js 24.3.0
+* AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c7a.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7a/) (4x AMD EPYC 9R14)
+* Ubuntu 24.10 [fad5ba7223f8](https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/ubuntu/24.10/images/sha256-fad5ba7223f8d87179dfa23211d31845d47e07a474ac31ad5258afb606523c0d)
+* Node.js 22.14.0

-#### ARM64
+### ARM64

- AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c8g.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c8g/) (4x ARM Graviton4)
- Ubuntu 25.04
- Node.js 24.3.0
+* AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c8g.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c8g/) (4x ARM Graviton4)
+* Ubuntu 24.10 [133f2e05cb69](https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/ubuntu/24.10/images/sha256-133f2e05cb6958c3ce7ec870fd5a864558ba780fb7062315b51a23670bff7e76)
+* Node.js 22.14.0

-### Task: JPEG
+## Task: JPEG

 Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
 resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
@ -72,31 +40,29 @@ Note: jimp does not support Lanczos 3, bicubic resampling used instead.

 #### Results: JPEG (AMD64)

-| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp        | buffer |    2.40 |      1.0 |
-| jimp        | file   |    2.60 |      1.1 |
-| imagemagick | file   |    9.70 |      4.0 |
-| gm          | buffer |   11.60 |      4.8 |
-| gm          | file   |   11.72 |      4.9 |
-| sharp       | stream |   59.40 |     24.8 |
-| sharp       | file   |   62.67 |     26.1 |
-| sharp       | buffer |   64.42 |     26.8 |
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    2.35 |      1.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |   10.51 |      4.5 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |   11.67 |      5.0 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |   11.75 |      5.1 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   60.72 |     25.8 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   62.37 |     26.5 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   65.15 |     27.7 |

 #### Results: JPEG (ARM64)

-| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp        | buffer |    2.24 |      1.0 |
-| jimp        | file   |    2.47 |      1.1 |
-| imagemagick | file   |   10.42 |      4.7 |
-| gm          | buffer |   12.80 |      5.7 |
-| gm          | file   |   12.88 |      5.7 |
-| sharp       | stream |   45.58 |     20.3 |
-| sharp       | file   |   47.99 |     21.4 |
-| sharp       | buffer |   49.20 |     22.0 |
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    2.13 |      1.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |   12.95 |      6.1 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |   13.53 |      6.4 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |   13.52 |      6.4 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   46.58 |     21.9 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   48.42 |     22.7 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   50.16 |     23.6 |

-### Task: PNG
+## Task: PNG

 Decompress a 2048x1536 RGBA PNG image,
 premultiply the alpha channel,
@ -106,25 +72,25 @@ and without adaptive filtering.

 Note: jimp does not support premultiply/unpremultiply.

-#### Results: PNG (AMD64)
+### Results: PNG (AMD64)

-| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| imagemagick | file   |    6.06 |      1.0 |
-| gm          | file   |    8.44 |      1.4 |
-| jimp        | buffer |   10.98 |      1.8 |
-| sharp       | file   |   28.26 |      4.7 |
-| sharp       | buffer |   28.70 |      4.7 |
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.66 |      1.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.79 |      1.0 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |   11.26 |      1.3 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   27.93 |      3.2 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   28.69 |      3.3 |

-#### Results: PNG (ARM64)
+### Results: PNG (ARM64)

-| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| imagemagick | file   |    7.09 |      1.0 |
-| gm          | file   |    8.93 |      1.3 |
-| jimp        | buffer |   10.28 |      1.5 |
-| sharp       | file   |   23.81 |      3.4 |
-| sharp       | buffer |   24.19 |      3.4 |
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    9.65 |      1.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    9.72 |      1.0 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |   10.68 |      1.1 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   23.90 |      2.5 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   24.48 |      2.5 |

 ## Running the benchmark test

--- a/lib/constructor.js
+++ b/lib/constructor.js
@ -153,6 +153,9 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 * @param {number} [options.ignoreIcc=false] - should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored.
 * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages.
 * @param {number} [options.page=0] - Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based.
+ * @param {number} [options.subifd=-1] - subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
+ * @param {number} [options.level=0] - level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.pdfBackground] - Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
 * @param {boolean} [options.animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`.
 * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
 * @param {number} [options.raw.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
@ -160,17 +163,15 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 * @param {number} [options.raw.channels] - integral number of channels, between 1 and 4.
 * @param {boolean} [options.raw.premultiplied] - specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`
 *  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`)
- * @param {number} [options.raw.pageHeight] - The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `raw.height`.
 * @param {Object} [options.create] - describes a new image to be created.
 * @param {number} [options.create.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
 * @param {number} [options.create.height] - integral number of pixels high.
 * @param {number} [options.create.channels] - integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA).
 * @param {string|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
- * @param {number} [options.create.pageHeight] - The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `create.height`.
 * @param {Object} [options.create.noise] - describes a noise to be created.
 * @param {string} [options.create.noise.type] - type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
- * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean=128] - Mean value of pixels in the generated noise.
- * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma=30] - Standard deviation of pixel values in the generated noise.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean] - mean of pixels in generated noise.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma] - standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
 * @param {Object} [options.text] - describes a new text image to be created.
 * @param {string} [options.text.text] - text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`.
 * @param {string} [options.text.font] - font name to render with.
@ -190,17 +191,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 * @param {string|Object} [options.join.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
 * @param {string} [options.join.halign='left'] - horizontal alignment style for images joined horizontally (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`).
 * @param {string} [options.join.valign='top'] - vertical alignment style for images joined vertically (`'top'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'bottom'`).
- * @param {Object} [options.tiff] - Describes TIFF specific options.
- * @param {number} [options.tiff.subifd=-1] - Sub Image File Directory to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
- * @param {Object} [options.svg] - Describes SVG specific options.
- * @param {string} [options.svg.stylesheet] - Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade.
- * @param {boolean} [options.svg.highBitdepth=false] - Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA.
- * @param {Object} [options.pdf] - Describes PDF specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
- * @param {string|Object} [options.pdf.background] - Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
- * @param {Object} [options.openSlide] - Describes OpenSlide specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide.
- * @param {number} [options.openSlide.level=0] - Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based.
- * @param {Object} [options.jp2] - Describes JPEG 2000 specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG.
- * @param {boolean} [options.jp2.oneshot=false] - Set to `true` to decode tiled JPEG 2000 images in a single operation, improving compatibility.
+ *
 * @returns {Sharp}
 * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
 */
@ -306,7 +297,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
    withIccProfile: '',
    withExif: {},
    withExifMerge: true,
-    withXmp: '',
    resolveWithObject: false,
    loop: -1,
    delay: [],
@ -347,7 +337,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
    gifDither: 1,
    gifInterFrameMaxError: 0,
    gifInterPaletteMaxError: 3,
-    gifKeepDuplicateFrames: false,
    gifReuse: true,
    gifProgressive: false,
    tiffQuality: 80,
--- a/lib/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/index.d.ts
@ -730,20 +730,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         */
        withIccProfile(icc: string, options?: WithIccProfileOptions): Sharp;

-        /**
-         * Keep all XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
-         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
-         */
-        keepXmp(): Sharp;
-
-        /**
-         * Set XMP metadata in the output image.
-         * @param {string} xmp - String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image.
-         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
-         * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
-         */
-        withXmp(xmp: string): Sharp;
-
        /**
         * Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
         * The default behaviour, when withMetadata is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
@ -1017,22 +1003,12 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        pages?: number | undefined;
        /** Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default 0) */
        page?: number | undefined;
-        /** TIFF specific input options */
-        tiff?: TiffInputOptions | undefined;
-        /** SVG specific input options */
-        svg?: SvgInputOptions | undefined;
-        /** PDF specific input options */
-        pdf?: PdfInputOptions | undefined;
-        /** OpenSlide specific input options */
-        openSlide?: OpenSlideInputOptions | undefined;
-        /** JPEG 2000 specific input options */
-        jp2?: Jp2InputOptions | undefined;
-        /** Deprecated: use tiff.subifd instead */
+        /** subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. (optional, default -1) */
        subifd?: number | undefined;
-        /** Deprecated: use pdf.background instead */
-        pdfBackground?: Colour | Color | undefined;
-        /** Deprecated: use openSlide.level instead */
+        /** Level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. (optional, default 0) */
        level?: number | undefined;
+        /** Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. */
+        pdfBackground?: Colour | Color | undefined;
        /** Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`). (optional, default false) */
        animated?: boolean | undefined;
        /** Describes raw pixel input image data. See raw() for pixel ordering. */
@ -1075,8 +1051,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
    interface CreateRaw extends Raw {
        /** Specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to true to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default false) */
        premultiplied?: boolean | undefined;
-        /** The height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of the overall image height. */
-        pageHeight?: number | undefined;
    }

    type CreateChannels = 3 | 4;
@ -1092,9 +1066,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        background: Colour | Color;
        /** Describes a noise to be created. */
        noise?: Noise | undefined;
-        /** The height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of the overall image height. */
-        pageHeight?: number | undefined;
-
    }

    interface CreateText {
@ -1143,33 +1114,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        valign?: VerticalAlignment | undefined;
    }

-    interface TiffInputOptions {
-        /** Sub Image File Directory to extract, defaults to main image. Use -1 for all subifds. */
-        subifd?: number | undefined;
-    }
-
-    interface SvgInputOptions {
-        /** Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade. */
-        stylesheet?: string | undefined;
-        /** Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA. */
-        highBitdepth?: boolean | undefined;
-    }
-
-    interface PdfInputOptions {
-        /** Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. */
-        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
-    }
-
-    interface OpenSlideInputOptions {
-        /** Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based. (optional, default 0) */
-        level?: number | undefined;
-    }
-
-    interface Jp2InputOptions {
-        /** Set to `true` to load JPEG 2000 images using [oneshot mode](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/issues/4205) */
-        oneshot?: boolean | undefined;
-    }
-
    interface ExifDir {
        [k: string]: string;
    }
@ -1254,8 +1198,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        iptc?: Buffer | undefined;
        /** Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present */
        xmp?: Buffer | undefined;
-        /** String containing XMP data, if valid UTF-8 */
-        xmpAsString?: string | undefined;
        /** Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present */
        tifftagPhotoshop?: Buffer | undefined;
        /** The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC) */
@ -1448,11 +1390,9 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        /** Level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) (optional, default 1.0) */
        dither?: number | undefined;
        /** Maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32 (optional, default 0) */
-        interFrameMaxError?: number | undefined;
+        interFrameMaxError?: number;
        /** Maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256 (optional, default 3) */
-        interPaletteMaxError?: number | undefined;
-        /** Keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them (optional, default false) */
-        keepDuplicateFrames?: boolean | undefined;
+        interPaletteMaxError?: number;
    }

    interface TiffOptions extends OutputOptions {
@ -1570,7 +1510,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {

    interface Noise {
        /** type of generated noise, currently only gaussian is supported. */
-        type: 'gaussian';
+        type?: 'gaussian' | undefined;
        /** mean of pixels in generated noise. */
        mean?: number | undefined;
        /** standard deviation of pixels in generated noise. */
@ -1787,8 +1727,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
        mitchell: 'mitchell';
        lanczos2: 'lanczos2';
        lanczos3: 'lanczos3';
-        mks2013: 'mks2013';
-        mks2021: 'mks2021';
    }

    interface PresetEnum {
@ -1906,7 +1844,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {

    interface FormatEnum {
        avif: AvailableFormatInfo;
-        dcraw: AvailableFormatInfo;
        dz: AvailableFormatInfo;
        exr: AvailableFormatInfo;
        fits: AvailableFormatInfo;
--- a/lib/input.js
+++ b/lib/input.js
@ -22,27 +22,14 @@ const align = {
  high: 'high'
 };

-const inputStreamParameters = [
-  // Limits and error handling
-  'failOn', 'limitInputPixels', 'unlimited',
-  // Format-generic
-  'animated', 'autoOrient', 'density', 'ignoreIcc', 'page', 'pages', 'sequentialRead',
-  // Format-specific
-  'jp2', 'openSlide', 'pdf', 'raw', 'svg', 'tiff',
-  // Deprecated
-  'failOnError', 'openSlideLevel', 'pdfBackground', 'tiffSubifd'
-];
-
 /**
 * Extract input options, if any, from an object.
 * @private
 */
 function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
-  const params = inputStreamParameters
-    .filter(p => is.defined(obj[p]))
-    .map(p => ([p, obj[p]]));
-  return params.length
-    ? Object.fromEntries(params)
+  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd, pdfBackground, autoOrient } = obj;
+  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd, pdfBackground, autoOrient].some(is.defined)
+    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd, pdfBackground, autoOrient }
    : undefined;
 }

@ -185,6 +172,8 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
        inputDescriptor.rawWidth = inputOptions.raw.width;
        inputDescriptor.rawHeight = inputOptions.raw.height;
        inputDescriptor.rawChannels = inputOptions.raw.channels;
+        inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = !!inputOptions.raw.premultiplied;
+
        switch (input.constructor) {
          case Uint8Array:
          case Uint8ClampedArray:
@ -218,25 +207,6 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
      } else {
        throw new Error('Expected width, height and channels for raw pixel input');
      }
-      inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = false;
-      if (is.defined(inputOptions.raw.premultiplied)) {
-        if (is.bool(inputOptions.raw.premultiplied)) {
-          inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = inputOptions.raw.premultiplied;
-        } else {
-          throw is.invalidParameterError('raw.premultiplied', 'boolean', inputOptions.raw.premultiplied);
-        }
-      }
-      inputDescriptor.rawPageHeight = 0;
-      if (is.defined(inputOptions.raw.pageHeight)) {
-        if (is.integer(inputOptions.raw.pageHeight) && inputOptions.raw.pageHeight > 0 && inputOptions.raw.pageHeight <= inputOptions.raw.height) {
-          if (inputOptions.raw.height % inputOptions.raw.pageHeight !== 0) {
-            throw new Error(`Expected raw.height ${inputOptions.raw.height} to be a multiple of raw.pageHeight ${inputOptions.raw.pageHeight}`);
-          }
-          inputDescriptor.rawPageHeight = inputOptions.raw.pageHeight;
-        } else {
-          throw is.invalidParameterError('raw.pageHeight', 'positive integer', inputOptions.raw.pageHeight);
-        }
-      }
    }
    // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
    if (is.defined(inputOptions.animated)) {
@ -260,68 +230,26 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
        throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
      }
    }
-    // OpenSlide specific options
-    if (is.object(inputOptions.openSlide) && is.defined(inputOptions.openSlide.level)) {
-      if (is.integer(inputOptions.openSlide.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.openSlide.level, 0, 256)) {
-        inputDescriptor.openSlideLevel = inputOptions.openSlide.level;
-      } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('openSlide.level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.openSlide.level);
-      }
-    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
-      // Deprecated
+    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
      if (is.integer(inputOptions.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.level, 0, 256)) {
-        inputDescriptor.openSlideLevel = inputOptions.level;
+        inputDescriptor.level = inputOptions.level;
      } else {
        throw is.invalidParameterError('level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.level);
      }
    }
-    // TIFF specific options
-    if (is.object(inputOptions.tiff) && is.defined(inputOptions.tiff.subifd)) {
-      if (is.integer(inputOptions.tiff.subifd) && is.inRange(inputOptions.tiff.subifd, -1, 100000)) {
-        inputDescriptor.tiffSubifd = inputOptions.tiff.subifd;
-      } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('tiff.subifd', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.tiff.subifd);
-      }
-    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.subifd)) {
-      // Deprecated
+    // Sub Image File Directory (TIFF)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.subifd)) {
      if (is.integer(inputOptions.subifd) && is.inRange(inputOptions.subifd, -1, 100000)) {
-        inputDescriptor.tiffSubifd = inputOptions.subifd;
+        inputDescriptor.subifd = inputOptions.subifd;
      } else {
        throw is.invalidParameterError('subifd', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.subifd);
      }
    }
-    // SVG specific options
-    if (is.object(inputOptions.svg)) {
-      if (is.defined(inputOptions.svg.stylesheet)) {
-        if (is.string(inputOptions.svg.stylesheet)) {
-          inputDescriptor.svgStylesheet = inputOptions.svg.stylesheet;
-        } else {
-          throw is.invalidParameterError('svg.stylesheet', 'string', inputOptions.svg.stylesheet);
-        }
-      }
-      if (is.defined(inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth)) {
-        if (is.bool(inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth)) {
-          inputDescriptor.svgHighBitdepth = inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth;
-        } else {
-          throw is.invalidParameterError('svg.highBitdepth', 'boolean', inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    // PDF specific options
-    if (is.object(inputOptions.pdf) && is.defined(inputOptions.pdf.background)) {
-      inputDescriptor.pdfBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.pdf.background);
-    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.pdfBackground)) {
-      // Deprecated
+    // PDF background colour
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.pdfBackground)) {
      inputDescriptor.pdfBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.pdfBackground);
    }
-    // JPEG 2000 specific options
-    if (is.object(inputOptions.jp2) && is.defined(inputOptions.jp2.oneshot)) {
-      if (is.bool(inputOptions.jp2.oneshot)) {
-        inputDescriptor.jp2Oneshot = inputOptions.jp2.oneshot;
-      } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('jp2.oneshot', 'boolean', inputOptions.jp2.oneshot);
-      }
-    }
    // Create new image
    if (is.defined(inputOptions.create)) {
      if (
@ -333,44 +261,27 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
        inputDescriptor.createWidth = inputOptions.create.width;
        inputDescriptor.createHeight = inputOptions.create.height;
        inputDescriptor.createChannels = inputOptions.create.channels;
-        inputDescriptor.createPageHeight = 0;
-        if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.pageHeight)) {
-          if (is.integer(inputOptions.create.pageHeight) && inputOptions.create.pageHeight > 0 && inputOptions.create.pageHeight <= inputOptions.create.height) {
-            if (inputOptions.create.height % inputOptions.create.pageHeight !== 0) {
-              throw new Error(`Expected create.height ${inputOptions.create.height} to be a multiple of create.pageHeight ${inputOptions.create.pageHeight}`);
-            }
-            inputDescriptor.createPageHeight = inputOptions.create.pageHeight;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.pageHeight', 'positive integer', inputOptions.create.pageHeight);
-          }
-        }
        // Noise
        if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
          if (!is.object(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
            throw new Error('Expected noise to be an object');
          }
-          if (inputOptions.create.noise.type !== 'gaussian') {
+          if (!is.inArray(inputOptions.create.noise.type, ['gaussian'])) {
            throw new Error('Only gaussian noise is supported at the moment');
          }
-          inputDescriptor.createNoiseType = inputOptions.create.noise.type;
          if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 1, 4)) {
            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.channels', 'number between 1 and 4', inputOptions.create.channels);
          }
-          inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = 128;
-          if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise.mean)) {
-            if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.mean) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.mean, 0, 10000)) {
-              inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = inputOptions.create.noise.mean;
-            } else {
-              throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.mean', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.mean);
-            }
+          inputDescriptor.createNoiseType = inputOptions.create.noise.type;
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.mean) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.mean, 0, 10000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = inputOptions.create.noise.mean;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.mean', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.mean);
          }
-          inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = 30;
-          if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma)) {
-            if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma, 0, 10000)) {
-              inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = inputOptions.create.noise.sigma;
-            } else {
-              throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.sigma', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.sigma);
-            }
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma, 0, 10000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = inputOptions.create.noise.sigma;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.sigma', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.sigma);
          }
        } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.background)) {
          if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 3, 4)) {
@ -605,7 +516,6 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
 * - `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
 * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
 * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
- * - `xmpAsString`: String containing XMP data, if valid UTF-8.
 * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 * - `formatMagick`: String containing format for images loaded via *magick
 * - `comments`: Array of keyword/text pairs representing PNG text blocks, if present.
--- a/lib/output.js
+++ b/lib/output.js
@ -312,59 +312,6 @@ function withIccProfile (icc, options) {
  return this;
 }

-/**
- * Keep XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
- *
- * @since 0.34.3
- *
- * @example
- * const outputWithXmp = await sharp(inputWithXmp)
- *   .keepXmp()
- *   .toBuffer();
- *
- * @returns {Sharp}
- */
-function keepXmp () {
-  this.options.keepMetadata |= 0b00010;
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * Set XMP metadata in the output image.
- *
- * Supported by PNG, JPEG, WebP, and TIFF output.
- *
- * @since 0.34.3
- *
- * @example
- * const xmpString = `
- *   <?xml version="1.0"?>
- *   <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
- *     <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
- *       <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
- *         <dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>John Doe</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator>
- *       </rdf:Description>
- *     </rdf:RDF>
- *   </x:xmpmeta>`;
- *
- * const data = await sharp(input)
- *   .withXmp(xmpString)
- *   .toBuffer();
- *
- * @param {string} xmp String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
- */
-function withXmp (xmp) {
-  if (is.string(xmp) && xmp.length > 0) {
-    this.options.withXmp = xmp;
-    this.options.keepMetadata |= 0b00010;
-  } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('xmp', 'non-empty string', xmp);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
 /**
 * Keep all metadata (EXIF, ICC, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
 *
@ -782,7 +729,6 @@ function webp (options) {
 * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most)
 * @param {number} [options.interFrameMaxError=0] - maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32
 * @param {number} [options.interPaletteMaxError=3] - maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256
- * @param {boolean} [options.keepDuplicateFrames=false] - keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them
 * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
 * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
 * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
@ -833,13 +779,6 @@ function gif (options) {
        throw is.invalidParameterError('interPaletteMaxError', 'number between 0.0 and 256.0', options.interPaletteMaxError);
      }
    }
-    if (is.defined(options.keepDuplicateFrames)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.keepDuplicateFrames)) {
-        this._setBooleanOption('gifKeepDuplicateFrames', options.keepDuplicateFrames);
-      } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('keepDuplicateFrames', 'boolean', options.keepDuplicateFrames);
-      }
-    }
  }
  trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
  return this._updateFormatOut('gif', options);
@ -1080,9 +1019,6 @@ function tiff (options) {
 * AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 * Prebuilt binaries support a bitdepth of 8 only.
 *
- * This feature is experimental on the Windows ARM64 platform
- * and requires a CPU with ARM64v8.4 or later.
- *
 * @example
 * const data = await sharp(input)
 *   .avif({ effort: 2 })
@ -1629,8 +1565,6 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
    withExifMerge,
    keepIccProfile,
    withIccProfile,
-    keepXmp,
-    withXmp,
    keepMetadata,
    withMetadata,
    toFormat,
--- a/lib/resize.js
+++ b/lib/resize.js
@ -150,8 +150,6 @@ function isResizeExpected (options) {
 * - `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf).
 * - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
 * - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
- * - `mks2013`: Use a [Magic Kernel Sharp](https://johncostella.com/magic/mks.pdf) 2013 kernel, as adopted by Facebook.
- * - `mks2021`: Use a Magic Kernel Sharp 2021 kernel, with more accurate (reduced) sharpening than the 2013 version.
 *
 * When upsampling, these kernels map to `nearest`, `linear` and `cubic` interpolators.
 * Downsampling kernels without a matching upsampling interpolator map to `cubic`.
--- a/lib/utility.js
+++ b/lib/utility.js
@ -135,9 +135,15 @@ cache(true);
 * e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
 * and these are independent of the value set here.
 *
- * :::note
- * Further {@link /performance|control over performance} is available.
- * :::
+ * The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
+ * is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
+ * which defaults to 4.
+ *
+ * https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
+ *
+ * For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
+ * 4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
+ * so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.
 *
 * @example
 * const threads = sharp.concurrency(); // 4
--- a/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json
+++ b/npm/darwin-arm64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with macOS 64-bit ARM",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/darwin-x64/package.json
+++ b/npm/darwin-x64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-darwin-x64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with macOS x64",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/from-github-release.js
+++ b/npm/from-github-release.js
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+'use strict';
+
+// Populate contents of all packages with the current GitHub release
+
+const { readFile, writeFile, appendFile, copyFile, rm } = require('node:fs/promises');
+const path = require('node:path');
+const { Readable } = require('node:stream');
+const { pipeline } = require('node:stream/promises');
+const { createGunzip } = require('node:zlib');
+const { extract } = require('tar-fs');
+
+const { workspaces } = require('./package.json');
+const { version } = require('../package.json');
+
+const mapTarballEntry = (header) => {
+  header.name = path.basename(header.name);
+  return header;
+};
+
+const licensing = `
+## Licensing
+
+Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+`;
+
+workspaces.map(async platform => {
+  const prebuildPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'emscripten-wasm32' : platform;
+  const url = `https://github.com/lovell/sharp/releases/download/v${version}/sharp-v${version}-napi-v9-${prebuildPlatform}.tar.gz`;
+  const dir = path.join(__dirname, platform);
+  const response = await fetch(url);
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    console.log(`Skipping ${platform}: ${response.statusText}`);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Extract prebuild tarball
+  const lib = path.join(dir, 'lib');
+  await rm(lib, { force: true, recursive: true });
+  await pipeline(
+    Readable.fromWeb(response.body),
+    createGunzip(),
+    extract(lib, { map: mapTarballEntry })
+  );
+  // Generate README
+  const { name, description } = require(`./${platform}/package.json`);
+  await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'README.md'), `# \`${name}\`\n\n${description}.\n${licensing}`);
+  // Copy Apache-2.0 LICENSE
+  await copyFile(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'LICENSE'), path.join(dir, 'LICENSE'));
+  // Copy files for packages without an explicit sharp-libvips dependency (Windows, wasm)
+  if (platform.startsWith('win') || platform.startsWith('wasm')) {
+    const libvipsPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'dev-wasm32' : platform;
+    const sharpLibvipsDir = path.join(require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${libvipsPlatform}/lib`), '..');
+    // Copy versions.json
+    await copyFile(path.join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'versions.json'), path.join(dir, 'versions.json'));
+    // Append third party licensing to README
+    const readme = await readFile(path.join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'README.md'), { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+    const thirdParty = readme.substring(readme.indexOf('\nThis software contains'));
+    appendFile(path.join(dir, 'README.md'), thirdParty);
+  }
+});
--- a/npm/from-local-build.js
+++ b/npm/from-local-build.js
@ -3,62 +3,24 @@

 'use strict';

-// Populate the npm package for the current platform with the local build
+// Populate contents of a single npm/sharpen-sharp-<build-platform> package
+// with the local/CI build directory for local/CI prebuild testing

-const { copyFileSync, cpSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync, appendFileSync } = require('node:fs');
-const { basename, join } = require('node:path');
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');

 const { buildPlatformArch } = require('../lib/libvips');
-
-const licensing = `
-## Licensing
-
-Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-`;
-
 const platform = buildPlatformArch();
-const destDir = join(__dirname, platform);
-console.log(`Populating npm package for platform: ${platform}`);
+const dest = path.join(__dirname, platform);

-// Copy binaries
-const releaseDir = join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'build', 'Release');
-const libDir = join(destDir, 'lib');
-cpSync(releaseDir, libDir, {
+// Use same config as prebuild to copy binary files
+const release = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'build', 'Release');
+const prebuildrc = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', '.prebuildrc'), 'utf8'));
+const include = new RegExp(prebuildrc['include-regex'], 'i');
+fs.cpSync(release, path.join(dest, 'lib'), {
  recursive: true,
  filter: (file) => {
-    const name = basename(file);
-    return name === 'Release' ||
-      (name.startsWith('sharp-') && name.includes('.node')) ||
-      (name.startsWith('libvips-') && name.endsWith('.dll'));
+    const name = path.basename(file);
+    return name === 'Release' || include.test(name);
  }
 });
-
-// Generate README
-const { name, description } = require(`./${platform}/package.json`);
-writeFileSync(join(destDir, 'README.md'), `# \`${name}\`\n\n${description}.\n${licensing}`);
-
-// Copy Apache-2.0 LICENSE
-copyFileSync(join(__dirname, '..', 'LICENSE'), join(destDir, 'LICENSE'));
-
-// Copy files for packages without an explicit sharp-libvips dependency (Windows, wasm)
-if (platform.startsWith('win') || platform.startsWith('wasm')) {
-  const libvipsPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'dev-wasm32' : platform;
-  const sharpLibvipsDir = join(require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${libvipsPlatform}/lib`), '..');
-  // Copy versions.json
-  copyFileSync(join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'versions.json'), join(destDir, 'versions.json'));
-  // Append third party licensing to README
-  const readme = readFileSync(join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'README.md'), { encoding: 'utf-8' });
-  const thirdParty = readme.substring(readme.indexOf('\nThis software contains'));
-  appendFileSync(join(destDir, 'README.md'), thirdParty);
-}
--- a/npm/linux-arm/package.json
+++ b/npm/linux-arm/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-arm",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) ARM (32-bit)",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linux-arm64/package.json
+++ b/npm/linux-arm64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-arm64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) 64-bit ARM",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linux-ppc64/package.json
+++ b/npm/linux-ppc64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-ppc64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) ppc64",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linux-s390x/package.json
+++ b/npm/linux-s390x/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-s390x",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) s390x",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linux-x64/package.json
+++ b/npm/linux-x64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-x64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) x64",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linuxmusl-arm64/package.json
+++ b/npm/linuxmusl-arm64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (musl) 64-bit ARM",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/linuxmusl-x64/package.json
+++ b/npm/linuxmusl-x64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (musl) x64",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  },
  "preferUnplugged": true,
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.2.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.1.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "lib"
--- a/npm/package.json
+++ b/npm/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "private": "true",
  "workspaces": [
    "darwin-arm64",
--- a/npm/wasm32/package.json
+++ b/npm/wasm32/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-wasm32",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with wasm32",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
-    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.4"
+    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.3"
  },
  "cpu": [
    "wasm32"
--- a/npm/win32-arm64/package.json
+++ b/npm/win32-arm64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-win32-arm64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows 64-bit ARM",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
--- a/npm/win32-ia32/package.json
+++ b/npm/win32-ia32/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-win32-ia32",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows x86 (32-bit)",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
--- a/npm/win32-x64/package.json
+++ b/npm/win32-x64/package.json
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "@img/sharp-win32-x64",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows x64",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "name": "sharp",
  "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "version": "0.34.2-rc.0",
  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
  "contributors": [
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
    "Don Denton <don@happycollision.com>"
  ],
  "scripts": {
-    "install": "node install/check.js",
+    "install": "node install/check",
    "clean": "rm -rf src/build/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
    "test": "npm run test-lint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && npm run test-types",
    "test-lint": "semistandard && cpplint",
@ -100,7 +100,8 @@
    "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;LGPL-3.0-or-later;MIT\"",
    "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
    "test-types": "tsd",
-    "package-from-local-build": "node npm/from-local-build.js",
+    "package-from-local-build": "node npm/from-local-build",
+    "package-from-github-release": "node npm/from-github-release",
    "docs-build": "node docs/build.mjs",
    "docs-serve": "cd docs && npm start",
    "docs-publish": "cd docs && npm run build && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
@ -141,50 +142,49 @@
    "semver": "^7.7.2"
  },
  "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-darwin-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-arm": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-ppc64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-s390x": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-wasm32": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-win32-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-win32-ia32": "0.34.3-rc.0",
-    "@img/sharp-win32-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0"
+    "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-darwin-x64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-arm": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-arm64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-s390x": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-x64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-wasm32": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-arm64": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-ia32": "0.34.2-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-x64": "0.34.2-rc.0"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.4",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev-wasm32": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-arm64": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-ia32": "1.2.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-x64": "1.2.0",
+    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.3",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev-wasm32": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-arm64": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-ia32": "1.1.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-x64": "1.1.0",
    "@types/node": "*",
    "cc": "^3.0.1",
-    "emnapi": "^1.4.4",
+    "emnapi": "^1.4.3",
    "exif-reader": "^2.0.2",
    "extract-zip": "^2.0.1",
    "icc": "^3.0.0",
    "jsdoc-to-markdown": "^9.1.1",
    "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^11.7.1",
-    "node-addon-api": "^8.4.0",
-    "node-gyp": "^11.2.0",
+    "mocha": "^11.2.2",
+    "node-addon-api": "^8.3.1",
    "nyc": "^17.1.0",
+    "prebuild": "^13.0.1",
    "semistandard": "^17.0.0",
-    "tar-fs": "^3.1.0",
+    "tar-fs": "^3.0.8",
    "tsd": "^0.32.0"
  },
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
@ -192,11 +192,16 @@
    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
  },
  "config": {
-    "libvips": ">=8.17.1"
+    "libvips": ">=8.16.1"
  },
  "funding": {
    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
  },
+  "binary": {
+    "napi_versions": [
+      9
+    ]
+  },
  "semistandard": {
    "env": [
      "mocha"
--- a/src/binding.gyp
+++ b/src/binding.gyp
@ -163,8 +163,6 @@
            },
            'xcode_settings': {
              'OTHER_LDFLAGS': [
-                '-Wl,-s',
-                '-Wl,-dead_strip',
                # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
                '-Wl,-rpath,\'@loader_path/../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/lib\'',
                '-Wl,-rpath,\'@loader_path/../../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/<(sharp_libvips_version)/lib\'',
@ -178,9 +176,6 @@
            'defines': [
              '_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1'
            ],
-            'cflags_cc': [
-              '<!(node -p "require(\'detect-libc\').isNonGlibcLinuxSync() ? \'\' : \'-flto=auto\'")'
-            ],
            'link_settings': {
              'libraries': [
                '-l:libvips-cpp.so.<(vips_version)'
--- a/src/common.cc
+++ b/src/common.cc
@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ namespace sharp {
      descriptor->rawWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawWidth");
      descriptor->rawHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawHeight");
      descriptor->rawPremultiplied = AttrAsBool(input, "rawPremultiplied");
-      descriptor->rawPageHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawPageHeight");
    }
    // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
    if (HasAttr(input, "pages")) {
@ -102,35 +101,23 @@ namespace sharp {
    if (HasAttr(input, "page")) {
      descriptor->page = AttrAsUint32(input, "page");
    }
-    // SVG
-    if (HasAttr(input, "svgStylesheet")) {
-      descriptor->svgStylesheet = AttrAsStr(input, "svgStylesheet");
-    }
-    if (HasAttr(input, "svgHighBitdepth")) {
-      descriptor->svgHighBitdepth = AttrAsBool(input, "svgHighBitdepth");
-    }
    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
-    if (HasAttr(input, "openSlideLevel")) {
-      descriptor->openSlideLevel = AttrAsUint32(input, "openSlideLevel");
+    if (HasAttr(input, "level")) {
+      descriptor->level = AttrAsUint32(input, "level");
    }
    // subIFD (OME-TIFF)
    if (HasAttr(input, "subifd")) {
-      descriptor->tiffSubifd = AttrAsInt32(input, "tiffSubifd");
+      descriptor->subifd = AttrAsInt32(input, "subifd");
    }
    // // PDF background color
    if (HasAttr(input, "pdfBackground")) {
      descriptor->pdfBackground = AttrAsVectorOfDouble(input, "pdfBackground");
    }
-    // Use JPEG 2000 oneshot mode?
-    if (HasAttr(input, "jp2Oneshot")) {
-      descriptor->jp2Oneshot = AttrAsBool(input, "jp2Oneshot");
-    }
    // Create new image
    if (HasAttr(input, "createChannels")) {
      descriptor->createChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "createChannels");
      descriptor->createWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "createWidth");
      descriptor->createHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createHeight");
-      descriptor->createPageHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createPageHeight");
      if (HasAttr(input, "createNoiseType")) {
        descriptor->createNoiseType = AttrAsStr(input, "createNoiseType");
        descriptor->createNoiseMean = AttrAsDouble(input, "createNoiseMean");
@ -284,7 +271,6 @@ namespace sharp {
      case ImageType::EXR: id = "exr"; break;
      case ImageType::JXL: id = "jxl"; break;
      case ImageType::RAD: id = "rad"; break;
-      case ImageType::DCRAW: id = "dcraw"; break;
      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
      case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
      case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
@ -333,8 +319,6 @@ namespace sharp {
    { "VipsForeignLoadJxlBuffer", ImageType::JXL },
    { "VipsForeignLoadRadFile", ImageType::RAD },
    { "VipsForeignLoadRadBuffer", ImageType::RAD },
-    { "VipsForeignLoadDcRawFile", ImageType::DCRAW },
-    { "VipsForeignLoadDcRawBuffer", ImageType::DCRAW },
    { "VipsForeignLoadVips", ImageType::VIPS },
    { "VipsForeignLoadVipsFile", ImageType::VIPS },
    { "VipsForeignLoadRaw", ImageType::RAW }
@ -399,48 +383,6 @@ namespace sharp {
      imageType == ImageType::HEIF;
  }

-  /*
-    Format-specific options builder
-  */
-  vips::VOption* GetOptionsForImageType(ImageType imageType, InputDescriptor *descriptor) {
-    vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-      ->set("access", descriptor->access)
-      ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
-    if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
-      option->set("unlimited", true);
-    }
-    if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
-      option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
-      option->set("page", descriptor->page);
-    }
-    switch (imageType) {
-      case ImageType::SVG:
-        option->set("dpi", descriptor->density)
-              ->set("stylesheet", descriptor->svgStylesheet.data())
-              ->set("high_bitdepth", descriptor->svgHighBitdepth);
-        break;
-      case ImageType::TIFF:
-        option->set("tiffSubifd", descriptor->tiffSubifd);
-        break;
-      case ImageType::PDF:
-        option->set("dpi", descriptor->density)
-              ->set("background", descriptor->pdfBackground);
-        break;
-      case ImageType::OPENSLIDE:
-        option->set("openSlideLevel", descriptor->openSlideLevel);
-        break;
-      case ImageType::JP2:
-        option->set("oneshot", descriptor->jp2Oneshot);
-        break;
-      case ImageType::MAGICK:
-        option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-    return option;
-  }
-
  /*
    Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
  */
@ -458,10 +400,6 @@ namespace sharp {
        } else {
          image.get_image()->Type = is8bit ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16;
        }
-        if (descriptor->rawPageHeight > 0) {
-          image.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, descriptor->rawPageHeight);
-          image.set(VIPS_META_N_PAGES, static_cast<int>(descriptor->rawHeight / descriptor->rawPageHeight));
-        }
        if (descriptor->rawPremultiplied) {
          image = image.unpremultiply();
        }
@ -471,7 +409,31 @@ namespace sharp {
        imageType = DetermineImageType(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength);
        if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
          try {
-            vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(imageType, descriptor);
+            vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
+              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
+              option->set("unlimited", true);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
+              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
+              option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
+            }
+            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
+              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
+              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
+              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
+              option->set("background", descriptor->pdfBackground);
+            }
            image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
@ -511,10 +473,6 @@ namespace sharp {
              channels < 3 ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB))
            .new_from_image(background);
        }
-        if (descriptor->createPageHeight > 0) {
-          image.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, descriptor->createPageHeight);
-          image.set(VIPS_META_N_PAGES, static_cast<int>(descriptor->createHeight / descriptor->createPageHeight));
-        }
        image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
        imageType = ImageType::RAW;
      } else if (descriptor->textValue.length() > 0) {
@ -558,7 +516,31 @@ namespace sharp {
        }
        if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
          try {
-            vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(imageType, descriptor);
+            vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
+              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
+              option->set("unlimited", true);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
+              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
+              option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
+            }
+            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
+              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
+              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
+              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
+              option->set("background", descriptor->pdfBackground);
+            }
            image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
--- a/src/common.h
+++ b/src/common.h
@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility

 #if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 17) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 17 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 1)
-#error "libvips version 8.17.1+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 16) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 16 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 1)
+#error "libvips version 8.16.1+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif

 #if defined(__has_include)
@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ namespace sharp {
    int rawWidth;
    int rawHeight;
    bool rawPremultiplied;
-    int rawPageHeight;
    int pages;
    int page;
+    int level;
+    int subifd;
    int createChannels;
    int createWidth;
    int createHeight;
-    int createPageHeight;
    std::vector<double> createBackground;
    std::string createNoiseType;
    double createNoiseMean;
@ -77,12 +77,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    std::vector<double> joinBackground;
    VipsAlign joinHalign;
    VipsAlign joinValign;
-    std::string svgStylesheet;
-    bool svgHighBitdepth;
-    int tiffSubifd;
-    int openSlideLevel;
    std::vector<double> pdfBackground;
-    bool jp2Oneshot;

    InputDescriptor():
      autoOrient(false),
@ -100,13 +95,13 @@ namespace sharp {
      rawWidth(0),
      rawHeight(0),
      rawPremultiplied(false),
-      rawPageHeight(0),
      pages(1),
      page(0),
+      level(0),
+      subifd(-1),
      createChannels(0),
      createWidth(0),
      createHeight(0),
-      createPageHeight(0),
      createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
      createNoiseMean(0.0),
      createNoiseSigma(0.0),
@ -125,11 +120,7 @@ namespace sharp {
      joinBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
      joinHalign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
      joinValign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
-      svgHighBitdepth(false),
-      tiffSubifd(-1),
-      openSlideLevel(0),
-      pdfBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 },
-      jp2Oneshot(false) {}
+      pdfBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 } {}
  };

  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
@ -169,7 +160,6 @@ namespace sharp {
    EXR,
    JXL,
    RAD,
-    DCRAW,
    VIPS,
    RAW,
    UNKNOWN,
@ -226,9 +216,14 @@ namespace sharp {
  ImageType DetermineImageType(char const *file);

  /*
-    Format-specific options builder
+    Does this image type support multiple pages?
  */
-  vips::VOption* GetOptionsForImageType(ImageType imageType, InputDescriptor *descriptor);
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType);
+
+  /*
+    Does this image type support removal of safety limits?
+  */
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(ImageType imageType);

  /*
    Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
--- a/src/metadata.cc
+++ b/src/metadata.cc
@ -262,10 +262,6 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
      }
      if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
        info.Set("xmp", Napi::Buffer<char>::NewOrCopy(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
-        if (g_utf8_validate(static_cast<char const *>(baton->xmp), baton->xmpLength, nullptr)) {
-          info.Set("xmpAsString",
-            Napi::String::New(env, static_cast<char const *>(baton->xmp), baton->xmpLength));
-        }
      }
      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
        info.Set("tifftagPhotoshop",
--- a/src/pipeline.cc
+++ b/src/pipeline.cc
@ -241,7 +241,11 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
      // factor for jpegload*, a double scale factor for webpload*,
      // pdfload* and svgload*
      if (jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1) {
-        vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(inputImageType, baton->input)->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad);
+        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+          ->set("access", access)
+          ->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad)
+          ->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited)
+          ->set("fail_on", baton->input->failOn);
        if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
          // Reload JPEG buffer
          VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@ -252,8 +256,14 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
          image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
        }
      } else if (scale != 1.0) {
-        vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(inputImageType, baton->input)->set("scale", scale);
+        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+          ->set("access", access)
+          ->set("scale", scale)
+          ->set("fail_on", baton->input->failOn);
        if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+
          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
            // Reload WebP buffer
            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@ -264,6 +274,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            image = VImage::webpload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
          }
        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG) {
+          option->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
            // Reload SVG buffer
            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@ -278,6 +291,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            throw vips::VError("Input SVG image will exceed 32767x32767 pixel limit when scaled");
          }
        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
            // Reload PDF buffer
            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@ -287,6 +304,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            // Reload PDF file
            image = VImage::pdfload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
          }
+
          sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
        }
      } else {
@ -650,6 +668,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
          sharp::ImageType compositeImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
          composite->input->access = access;
          std::tie(compositeImage, compositeImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(composite->input);
+          compositeImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(compositeImage, baton->colourspacePipeline);

          if (composite->input->autoOrient) {
            // Respect EXIF Orientation
@ -714,7 +733,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            // gravity was used for extract_area, set it back to its default value of 0
            composite->gravity = 0;
          }
-          // Ensure image to composite is with unpremultiplied alpha
+          // Ensure image to composite is sRGB with unpremultiplied alpha
+          compositeImage = compositeImage.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
          compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage, 1);
          if (composite->premultiplied) compositeImage = compositeImage.unpremultiply();
          // Calculate position
@ -739,12 +759,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
          xs.push_back(left);
          ys.push_back(top);
        }
-        image = VImage::composite(images, modes, VImage::option()
-          ->set("compositing_space", baton->colourspacePipeline == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST
-            ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB
-            : baton->colourspacePipeline)
-          ->set("x", xs)
-          ->set("y", ys));
+        image = VImage::composite(images, modes, VImage::option()->set("x", xs)->set("y", ys));
        image = sharp::RemoveGifPalette(image);
      }

@ -876,12 +891,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
          image.set(s.first.data(), s.second.data());
        }
      }
-      // XMP buffer
-      if ((baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_XMP) && !baton->withXmp.empty()) {
-        image = image.copy();
-        image.set(VIPS_META_XMP_NAME, nullptr,
-          const_cast<void*>(static_cast<void const*>(baton->withXmp.c_str())), baton->withXmp.size());
-      }
+
      // Number of channels used in output image
      baton->channels = image.bands();
      baton->width = image.width();
@ -992,7 +1002,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            ->set("interlace", baton->gifProgressive)
            ->set("interframe_maxerror", baton->gifInterFrameMaxError)
            ->set("interpalette_maxerror", baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError)
-            ->set("keep_duplicate_frames", baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames)
            ->set("dither", baton->gifDither)));
          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@ -1196,9 +1205,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
            ->set("effort", baton->gifEffort)
            ->set("reuse", baton->gifReuse)
            ->set("interlace", baton->gifProgressive)
-            ->set("interframe_maxerror", baton->gifInterFrameMaxError)
-            ->set("interpalette_maxerror", baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError)
-            ->set("keep_duplicate_frames", baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames)
            ->set("dither", baton->gifDither));
          baton->formatOut = "gif";
        } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
@ -1711,7 +1717,6 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
    }
  }
  baton->withExifMerge = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withExifMerge");
-  baton->withXmp = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "withXmp");
  baton->timeoutSeconds = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "timeoutSeconds");
  baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
  baton->delay = sharp::AttrAsInt32Vector(options, "delay");
@ -1752,7 +1757,6 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
  baton->gifDither = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifDither");
  baton->gifInterFrameMaxError = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifInterFrameMaxError");
  baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifInterPaletteMaxError");
-  baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifKeepDuplicateFrames");
  baton->gifReuse = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifReuse");
  baton->gifProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifProgressive");
  baton->tiffQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffQuality");
--- a/src/pipeline.h
+++ b/src/pipeline.h
@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
  double gifDither;
  double gifInterFrameMaxError;
  double gifInterPaletteMaxError;
-  bool gifKeepDuplicateFrames;
  bool gifReuse;
  bool gifProgressive;
  int tiffQuality;
@ -202,7 +201,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
  std::string withIccProfile;
  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> withExif;
  bool withExifMerge;
-  std::string withXmp;
  int timeoutSeconds;
  std::vector<double> convKernel;
  int convKernelWidth;
@ -344,7 +342,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
    gifDither(1.0),
    gifInterFrameMaxError(0.0),
    gifInterPaletteMaxError(3.0),
-    gifKeepDuplicateFrames(false),
    gifReuse(true),
    gifProgressive(false),
    tiffQuality(80),
--- a/src/sharp.cc
+++ b/src/sharp.cc
@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
    vips_init("sharp");
  });

-  for (auto domain : { "VIPS", "vips2tiff" }) {
-    g_log_set_handler(domain, static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
-      static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
-  }
+  g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
+    static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);

  // Methods available to JavaScript
  exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
--- a/src/utilities.cc
+++ b/src/utilities.cc
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
  Napi::Object format = Napi::Object::New(env);
  for (std::string const f : {
    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
-    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k", "jxl", "rad", "dcraw"
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k", "jxl", "rad"
  }) {
    // Input
    const VipsObjectClass *oc = vips_class_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str());
--- a/test/bench/Dockerfile
+++ b/test/bench/Dockerfile
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-FROM ubuntu:25.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.10
 ARG BRANCH=main

 # Install basic dependencies
 RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y build-essential curl git ca-certificates gnupg

 # Install latest Node.js LTS
-RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_24.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
+RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_22.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
 RUN bash nodesource_setup.sh
 RUN apt-get install -y nodejs

--- a/test/bench/perf.js
+++ b/test/bench/perf.js
@ -552,32 +552,6 @@ async.series({
            }
          });
      }
-    }).add('sharp-mks2013', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'mks2013' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            } else {
-              deferred.resolve();
-            }
-          });
-      }
-    }).add('sharp-mks2021', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'mks2021' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            } else {
-              deferred.resolve();
-            }
-          });
-      }
    }).on('cycle', function (event) {
      console.log('kernels ' + String(event.target));
    }).on('complete', function () {
--- a/test/fixtures/expected/composite-red-scrgb.png
+++ b/test/fixtures/expected/composite-red-scrgb.png
--- a/test/fixtures/expected/extract.tiff
+++ b/test/fixtures/expected/extract.tiff
--- a/test/fixtures/index.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/index.js
@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ module.exports = {
  inputTiffFogra: getPath('fogra-0-100-100-0.tif'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4045

  inputJp2: getPath('relax.jp2'), // https://www.fnordware.com/j2k/relax.jp2
-  inputJp2TileParts: getPath('relax_tileparts.jp2'), // kdu_expand -i relax.jp2 -o relax-tmp.tif ; kdu_compress -i relax-tmp.tif -o relax_tileparts.jp2 -jp2_space sRGB Clayers=8 -rate 1.0,0.04 Stiles='{128,128}' ORGtparts=L ; rm relax-tmp.tif
  inputGif: getPath('Crash_test.gif'), // http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Crash_test.gif
  inputGifGreyPlusAlpha: getPath('grey-plus-alpha.gif'), // http://i.imgur.com/gZ5jlmE.gif
  inputGifAnimated: getPath('rotating-squares.gif'), // CC0 https://loading.io/spinner/blocks/-rotating-squares-preloader-gif
--- a/test/fixtures/relax_tileparts.jp2
+++ b/test/fixtures/relax_tileparts.jp2
--- a/test/types/sharp.test-d.ts
+++ b/test/types/sharp.test-d.ts
@ -188,8 +188,6 @@ sharp(input)
    // of the image data in inputBuffer
  });

-sharp(input).resize({ kernel: 'mks2013' });
-
 transformer = sharp()
  .resize(200, 200, {
    fit: 'cover',
@ -375,8 +373,6 @@ sharp(input)
  .gif({ reuse: false })
  .gif({ progressive: true })
  .gif({ progressive: false })
-  .gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: true })
-  .gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: false })
  .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
  .then(({ data, info }) => {
    console.log(data);
@ -418,7 +414,6 @@ sharp({
    channels: 4,
    height: 25000,
    width: 25000,
-    pageHeight: 1000,
  },
  limitInputPixels: false,
 })
@ -436,6 +431,9 @@ sharp('input.jpg').clahe({ width: 10, height: 10, maxSlope: 5 }).toFile('outfile
 // Support `unlimited` input option
 sharp('input.png', { unlimited: true }).resize(320, 240).toFile('outfile.png');

+// Support `subifd` input option for tiffs
+sharp('input.tiff', { subifd: 3 }).resize(320, 240).toFile('outfile.png');
+
 // Support creating with noise
 sharp({
  create: {
@ -692,8 +690,6 @@ sharp(input)
      k2: 'v2'
    }
  })
-  .keepXmp()
-  .withXmp('test')
  .keepIccProfile()
  .withIccProfile('filename')
  .withIccProfile('filename', { attach: false });
@ -720,29 +716,10 @@ sharp(input).composite([
  }
 ])

-// Support format-specific input options
 const colour: sharp.Colour = '#fff';
 const color: sharp.Color = '#fff';
-sharp({ pdf: { background: colour } });
-sharp({ pdf: { background: color } });
-sharp({ pdfBackground: colour }); // Deprecated
-sharp({ pdfBackground: color }); // Deprecated
-sharp({ tiff: { subifd: 3 } });
-sharp({ subifd: 3 }); // Deprecated
-sharp({ openSlide: { level: 0 } });
-sharp({ level: 0 }); // Deprecated
-sharp({ jp2: { oneshot: true } });
-sharp({ jp2: { oneshot: false } });
-sharp({ svg: { stylesheet: 'test' }});
-sharp({ svg: { highBitdepth: true }});
-sharp({ svg: { highBitdepth: false }});
-
-// Raw input options
-const raw: sharp.Raw = { width: 1, height: 1, channels: 3 };
-sharp({ raw });
-sharp({ raw: { ...raw, premultiplied: true } });
-sharp({ raw: { ...raw, premultiplied: false } });
-sharp({ raw: { ...raw, pageHeight: 1 } });
+sharp({ pdfBackground: colour });
+sharp({ pdfBackground: color });

 sharp({ autoOrient: true });
 sharp({ autoOrient: false });
--- a/test/unit/composite.js
+++ b/test/unit/composite.js
@ -122,26 +122,6 @@ describe('composite', () => {
      });
  });

-  it('scrgb pipeline', () => {
-    const filename = 'composite-red-scrgb.png';
-    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.${filename}`);
-    const expected = fixtures.expected(filename);
-    return sharp({
-      create: {
-        width: 32, height: 32, channels: 4, background: red
-      }
-    })
-      .pipelineColourspace('scrgb')
-      .composite([{
-        input: fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
-        blend: 'color-burn'
-      }])
-      .toFile(actual)
-      .then(() => {
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
-      });
-  });
-
  it('multiple', async () => {
    const filename = 'composite-multiple.png';
    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.${filename}`);
--- a/test/unit/gif.js
+++ b/test/unit/gif.js
@ -187,17 +187,6 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
    );
  });

-  it('invalid keepDuplicateFrames throws', () => {
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp().gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: -1 }),
-      /Expected boolean for keepDuplicateFrames but received -1 of type number/
-    );
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp().gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: 'fail' }),
-      /Expected boolean for keepDuplicateFrames but received fail of type string/
-    );
-  });
-
  it('should work with streams when only animated is set', function (done) {
    fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputGifAnimated)
      .pipe(sharp({ animated: true }))
@ -236,20 +225,6 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
    assert.strict(before.length > after.length);
  });

-  it('should keep duplicate frames via keepDuplicateFrames', async () => {
-    const create = { width: 8, height: 8, channels: 4, background: 'blue' };
-    const input = sharp([{ create }, { create }], { join: { animated: true } });
-
-    const before = await input.gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: false }).toBuffer();
-    const after = await input.gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: true }).toBuffer();
-    assert.strict(before.length < after.length);
-
-    const beforeMeta = await sharp(before).metadata();
-    const afterMeta = await sharp(after).metadata();
-    assert.strictEqual(beforeMeta.pages, 1);
-    assert.strictEqual(afterMeta.pages, 2);
-  });
-
  it('non-animated input defaults to no-loop', async () => {
    for (const input of [fixtures.inputGif, fixtures.inputPng]) {
      const data = await sharp(input)
--- a/test/unit/io.js
+++ b/test/unit/io.js
@ -867,91 +867,52 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
        sharp({ pages: '1' });
      }, /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for pages but received 1 of type string/);
    });
-    it('Valid openSlide.level property', function () {
-      sharp({ openSlide: { level: 1 } });
+    it('Valid level property', function () {
      sharp({ level: 1 });
    });
-    it('Invalid openSlide.level property (string) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ openSlide: { level: '1' } }),
-        /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for openSlide.level but received 1 of type string/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ level: '1' }),
-        /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received 1 of type string/
-      );
+    it('Invalid level property (string) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ level: '1' });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received 1 of type string/);
    });
-    it('Invalid openSlide.level property (negative) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ openSlide: { level: -1 } }),
-        /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for openSlide\.level but received -1 of type number/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ level: -1 }),
-        /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received -1 of type number/
-      );
+    it('Invalid level property (negative) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ level: -1 });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received -1 of type number/);
    });
-    it('Valid tiff.subifd property', function () {
-      sharp({ tiff: { subifd: 1 } });
+    it('Valid subifd property', function () {
      sharp({ subifd: 1 });
    });
-    it('Invalid tiff.subifd property (string) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ tiff: { subifd: '1' } }),
-        /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for tiff\.subifd but received 1 of type string/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ subifd: '1' }),
-        /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for subifd but received 1 of type string/
-      );
+    it('Invalid subifd property (string) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ subifd: '1' });
+      }, /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for subifd but received 1 of type string/);
    });
-    it('Invalid tiff.subifd property (float) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ tiff: { subifd: 1.2 } }),
-        /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for tiff\.subifd but received 1.2 of type number/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ subifd: 1.2 }),
-        /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for subifd but received 1.2 of type number/
-      );
+    it('Invalid subifd property (float) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ subifd: 1.2 });
+      }, /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for subifd but received 1.2 of type number/);
    });
-    it('Valid pdf.background property (string)', function () {
-      sharp({ pdf: { background: '#00ff00' } });
+    it('Valid pdfBackground property (string)', function () {
      sharp({ pdfBackground: '#00ff00' });
    });
-    it('Valid pdf.background property (object)', function () {
-      sharp({ pdf: { background: { r: 0, g: 255, b: 0 } } });
+    it('Valid pdfBackground property (object)', function () {
      sharp({ pdfBackground: { r: 0, g: 255, b: 0 } });
    });
-    it('Invalid pdf.background property (string) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdf: { background: '00ff00' } }),
-        /Unable to parse color from string/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdfBackground: '00ff00' }),
-        /Unable to parse color from string/
-      );
+    it('Invalid pdfBackground property (string) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ pdfBackground: '00ff00' });
+      }, /Unable to parse color from string/);
    });
-    it('Invalid pdf.background property (number) throws', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdf: { background: 255 } }),
-        /Expected object or string for background/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdf: { background: 255 } }),
-        /Expected object or string for background/
-      );
+    it('Invalid pdfBackground property (number) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ pdfBackground: 255 });
+      }, /Expected object or string for background/);
    });
-    it('Invalid pdf.background property (object)', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdf: { background: { red: 0, green: 255, blue: 0 } } }),
-        /Unable to parse color from object/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ pdfBackground: { red: 0, green: 255, blue: 0 } }),
-        /Unable to parse color from object/
-      );
+    it('Invalid pdfBackground property (object)', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ pdfBackground: { red: 0, green: 255, blue: 0 } });
+      }, /Unable to parse color from object/);
    });
  });

--- a/test/unit/jp2.js
+++ b/test/unit/jp2.js
@ -93,38 +93,10 @@ describe('JP2 output', () => {
        });
    });

-    it('can use the jp2Oneshot option to handle multi-part tiled JPEG 2000 file', async () => {
-      const outputJpg = fixtures.path('output.jpg');
-      await assert.rejects(
-        () => sharp(fixtures.inputJp2TileParts).toFile(outputJpg)
-      );
-      await assert.doesNotReject(async () => {
-        await sharp(fixtures.inputJp2TileParts, { jp2Oneshot: true }).toFile(outputJpg);
-        const { format, width, height } = await sharp(outputJpg).metadata();
-        assert.strictEqual(format, 'jpeg');
-        assert.strictEqual(width, 320);
-        assert.strictEqual(height, 240);
+    it('Invalid JP2 chromaSubsampling value throws error', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp().jpeg({ chromaSubsampling: '4:2:2' });
      });
    });
-
-    it('Invalid JP2 chromaSubsampling value throws error', () => {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp().jp2({ chromaSubsampling: '4:2:2' }),
-        /Expected one of 4:2:0, 4:4:4 but received 4:2:2 of type string/
-      );
-    });
  }
-
-  it('valid JP2 oneshot value does not throw error', () => {
-    assert.doesNotThrow(
-      () => sharp({ jp2: { oneshot: true } })
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('invalid JP2 oneshot value throws error', () => {
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ jp2: { oneshot: 'fail' } }),
-      /Expected boolean for jp2.oneshot but received fail of type string/
-    );
-  });
 });
--- a/test/unit/libvips.js
+++ b/test/unit/libvips.js
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe('libvips binaries', function () {
      process.env.npm_config_arch = 's390x';
      process.env.npm_config_libc = '';
      const locatorHash = libvips.yarnLocator();
-      assert.strictEqual(locatorHash, '30afd744f9');
+      assert.strictEqual(locatorHash, '9b2ea457de');
      delete process.env.npm_config_platform;
      delete process.env.npm_config_arch;
      delete process.env.npm_config_libc;
--- a/test/unit/metadata.js
+++ b/test/unit/metadata.js
@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
      assert.strictEqual(12466, metadata.xmp.byteLength);
      assert.strictEqual(metadata.xmp.indexOf(Buffer.from('<?xpacket begin="')), 0);
-      assert(metadata.xmpAsString.startsWith('<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>'));
      done();
    });
  });
@ -107,8 +106,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
      assert.strictEqual(3248, metadata.autoOrient.height);
      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.exif);
      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.icc);
-      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.xmpAsString);
      assert.strictEqual('inch', metadata.resolutionUnit);
      done();
    });
@ -1103,170 +1100,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
    assert.strictEqual(exif2.Image.Software, 'sharp');
  });

-  describe('XMP metadata tests', function () {
-    it('withMetadata preserves existing XMP metadata from input', async () => {
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithIptcAndXmp)
-        .resize(320, 240)
-        .withMetadata()
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp.length > 0);
-      // Check that XMP starts with the expected XML declaration
-      assert.strictEqual(metadata.xmp.indexOf(Buffer.from('<?xpacket begin="')), 0);
-    });
-
-    it('keepXmp preserves existing XMP metadata from input', async () => {
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithIptcAndXmp)
-        .resize(320, 240)
-        .keepXmp()
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp.length > 0);
-      // Check that XMP starts with the expected XML declaration
-      assert.strictEqual(metadata.xmp.indexOf(Buffer.from('<?xpacket begin="')), 0);
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp with custom XMP replaces existing XMP', async () => {
-      const customXmp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>Test Creator</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator><dc:title><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">Test Title</rdf:li></rdf:Alt></dc:title></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>';
-
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithIptcAndXmp)
-        .resize(320, 240)
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-
-      // Check that the XMP contains our custom content
-      const xmpString = metadata.xmp.toString();
-      assert.strictEqual(true, xmpString.includes('Test Creator'));
-      assert.strictEqual(true, xmpString.includes('Test Title'));
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp with custom XMP buffer on image without existing XMP', async () => {
-      const customXmp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:description><rdf:Alt><rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">Added via Sharp</rdf:li></rdf:Alt></dc:description></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>';
-
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(320, 240)
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-
-      // Check that the XMP contains our custom content
-      const xmpString = metadata.xmp.toString();
-      assert.strictEqual(true, xmpString.includes('Added via Sharp'));
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp with valid XMP metadata for different image formats', async () => {
-      const customXmp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:subject><rdf:Bag><rdf:li>test</rdf:li><rdf:li>metadata</rdf:li></rdf:Bag></dc:subject></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>';
-
-      // Test with JPEG output
-      const jpegData = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(100, 100)
-        .jpeg()
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const jpegMetadata = await sharp(jpegData).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof jpegMetadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, jpegMetadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, jpegMetadata.xmp.toString().includes('test'));
-
-      // Test with PNG output (PNG should also support XMP metadata)
-      const pngData = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(100, 100)
-        .png()
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const pngMetadata = await sharp(pngData).metadata();
-      // PNG format should preserve XMP metadata when using withXmp
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof pngMetadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, pngMetadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, pngMetadata.xmp.toString().includes('test'));
-
-      // Test with WebP output (WebP should also support XMP metadata)
-      const webpData = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(100, 100)
-        .webp()
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const webpMetadata = await sharp(webpData).metadata();
-      // WebP format should preserve XMP metadata when using withXmp
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof webpMetadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, webpMetadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, webpMetadata.xmp.toString().includes('test'));
-    });
-
-    it('XMP metadata persists through multiple operations', async () => {
-      const customXmp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:identifier>persistent-test</dc:identifier></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>';
-
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(320, 240)
-        .withXmp(customXmp)
-        .rotate(90)
-        .blur(1)
-        .sharpen()
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp.toString().includes('persistent-test'));
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp XMP works with WebP format specifically', async () => {
-      const webpXmp = '<?xml version="1.0"?><x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/"><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"><rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>WebP Creator</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator><dc:format>image/webp</dc:format></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF></x:xmpmeta>';
-
-      const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(120, 80)
-        .webp({ quality: 80 })
-        .withXmp(webpXmp)
-        .toBuffer();
-
-      const metadata = await sharp(data).metadata();
-      assert.strictEqual('webp', metadata.format);
-      assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
-      assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-
-      const xmpString = metadata.xmp.toString();
-      assert.strictEqual(true, xmpString.includes('WebP Creator'));
-      assert.strictEqual(true, xmpString.includes('image/webp'));
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp XMP validation - non-string input', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp().withXmp(123),
-        /Expected non-empty string for xmp but received 123 of type number/
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp XMP validation - null input', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp().withXmp(null),
-        /Expected non-empty string for xmp but received null of type object/
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('withXmp XMP validation - empty string', function () {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp().withXmp(''),
-        /Expected non-empty string for xmp/
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
  describe('Invalid parameters', function () {
    it('String orientation', function () {
      assert.throws(function () {
--- a/test/unit/noise.js
+++ b/test/unit/noise.js
@ -173,26 +173,6 @@ describe('Gaussian noise', function () {
      });
  });

-  it('animated noise', async () => {
-    const gif = await sharp({
-      create: {
-        width: 16,
-        height: 64,
-        pageHeight: 16,
-        channels: 3,
-        noise: { type: 'gaussian' }
-      }
-    })
-      .gif()
-      .toBuffer();
-
-    const { width, height, pages, delay } = await sharp(gif).metadata();
-    assert.strictEqual(width, 16);
-    assert.strictEqual(height, 16);
-    assert.strictEqual(pages, 4);
-    assert.strictEqual(delay.length, 4);
-  });
-
  it('no create object properties specified', function () {
    assert.throws(function () {
      sharp({
@ -279,29 +259,4 @@ describe('Gaussian noise', function () {
      });
    });
  });
-
-  it('Invalid pageHeight', () => {
-    const create = {
-      width: 8,
-      height: 8,
-      channels: 4,
-      noise: { type: 'gaussian' }
-    };
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ create: { ...create, pageHeight: 'zoinks' } }),
-      /Expected positive integer for create\.pageHeight but received zoinks of type string/
-    );
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ create: { ...create, pageHeight: -1 } }),
-      /Expected positive integer for create\.pageHeight but received -1 of type number/
-    );
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ create: { ...create, pageHeight: 9 } }),
-      /Expected positive integer for create\.pageHeight but received 9 of type number/
-    );
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ create: { ...create, pageHeight: 3 } }),
-      /Expected create\.height 8 to be a multiple of create\.pageHeight 3/
-    );
-  });
 });
--- a/test/unit/raw.js
+++ b/test/unit/raw.js
@ -55,35 +55,6 @@ describe('Raw pixel data', function () {
      });
    });

-    it('Invalid premultiplied', () => {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ raw: { width: 1, height: 1, channels: 4, premultiplied: 'zoinks' } }),
-        /Expected boolean for raw\.premultiplied but received zoinks of type string/
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('Invalid pageHeight', () => {
-      const width = 8;
-      const height = 8;
-      const channels = 4;
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ raw: { width, height, channels, pageHeight: 'zoinks' } }),
-        /Expected positive integer for raw\.pageHeight but received zoinks of type string/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ raw: { width, height, channels, pageHeight: -1 } }),
-        /Expected positive integer for raw\.pageHeight but received -1 of type number/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ raw: { width, height, channels, pageHeight: 9 } }),
-        /Expected positive integer for raw\.pageHeight but received 9 of type number/
-      );
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp({ raw: { width, height, channels, pageHeight: 3 } }),
-        /Expected raw\.height 8 to be a multiple of raw\.pageHeight 3/
-      );
-    });
-
    it('RGB', function (done) {
      // Convert to raw pixel data
      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
@ -314,23 +285,6 @@ describe('Raw pixel data', function () {
    }
  });

-  it('Animated', async () => {
-    const gif = await sharp(
-      Buffer.alloc(8),
-      { raw: { width: 1, height: 2, channels: 4, pageHeight: 1 }, animated: true }
-    )
-      .gif({ keepDuplicateFrames: true })
-      .toBuffer();
-
-    console.log(await sharp(gif).metadata());
-
-    const { width, height, pages, delay } = await sharp(gif).metadata();
-    assert.strictEqual(width, 1);
-    assert.strictEqual(height, 1);
-    assert.strictEqual(pages, 2);
-    assert.strictEqual(delay.length, 2);
-  });
-
  describe('16-bit roundtrip', () => {
    it('grey', async () => {
      const grey = 42000;
--- a/test/unit/svg.js
+++ b/test/unit/svg.js
@ -139,41 +139,6 @@ describe('SVG input', function () {
    assert.strictEqual(info.channels, 4);
  });

-  it('Can apply custom CSS', async () => {
-    const svg = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-      <svg  width="10" height="10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
-        <circle cx="5" cy="5" r="4" fill="green" />
-      </svg>`;
-    const stylesheet = 'circle { fill: red }';
-
-    const [r, g, b, a] = await sharp(Buffer.from(svg), { svg: { stylesheet } })
-      .extract({ left: 5, top: 5, width: 1, height: 1 })
-      .raw()
-      .toBuffer();
-
-    assert.deepEqual([r, g, b, a], [255, 0, 0, 255]);
-  });
-
-  it('Invalid stylesheet input option throws', () =>
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ svg: { stylesheet: 123 } }),
-      /Expected string for svg\.stylesheet but received 123 of type number/
-    )
-  );
-
-  it('Valid highBitdepth input option does not throw', () =>
-    assert.doesNotThrow(
-      () => sharp({ svg: { highBitdepth: true } })
-    )
-  );
-
-  it('Invalid highBitdepth input option throws', () =>
-    assert.throws(
-      () => sharp({ svg: { highBitdepth: 123 } }),
-      /Expected boolean for svg\.highBitdepth but received 123 of type number/
-    )
-  );
-
  it('Fails to render SVG larger than 32767x32767', () =>
    assert.rejects(
      () => sharp(Buffer.from('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32768" height="1" />')).toBuffer(),
--- a/test/unit/util.js
+++ b/test/unit/util.js
@ -10,20 +10,18 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 describe('Utilities', function () {
  describe('Cache', function () {
    it('Can be disabled', function (done) {
-      const check = setInterval(() => {
+      queueMicrotask(() => {
+        sharp.cache(false);
        const cache = sharp.cache(false);
-        const empty =
-          cache.memory.current +
-          cache.memory.max +
-          cache.files.current +
-          cache.files.max +
-          cache.items.current +
-          cache.items.max === 0;
-        if (empty) {
-          clearInterval(check);
-          done();
-        }
-      }, 2000);
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.memory.current, 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.memory.max, 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(typeof cache.memory.high, 'number');
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.files.current, 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.files.max, 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.items.current, 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(cache.items.max, 0);
+        done();
+      });
    });
    it('Can be enabled with defaults', function () {
      const cache = sharp.cache(true);