Release v0.23.4

These now use nullptr internally - see
https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/30339

.cirrus.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+freebsd_instance:
+  image_family: freebsd-12-0
+
+task:
+  prerequisites_script:
+    - sed -i '' 's/quarterly/latest/g' /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf
+    - pkg update -f
+    - pkg upgrade -y
+    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips libnghttp2 node npm
+  install_script:
+    - npm install --unsafe-perm
+  test_script:
+    - npm test

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant
 
 | Release | WIP branch |
 | ------: | :--------- |
-| v0.23.0 | vision     |
 | v0.24.0 | wit        |
+| v0.25.0 | yield      |
 
 Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/<wip-branch>`.
 
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@ Please feel free to ask any questions via a
 [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new).
 
 If you're unable to post details publicly, please
-[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L4)
+[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5)
 for private, paid consulting.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+open_collective: libvips

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 ---
 name: Installation
-about: For help if something went wrong installing sharp
+about: Something went wrong **installing** sharp
 title: ''
-labels: ''
+labels: installation
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
-What is the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`?
+Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/en/stable/install/)?
-
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
 
 Have you ensured the platform and version of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the platform and version of Node.js used at runtime?
+
+If you are installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+
+What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`? Have you checked this output for useful error messages?
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 ---
 name: Possible bug
-about: Please provide steps to reproduce
+about: Something unexpected occurred **using** sharp
 title: ''
-labels: ''
+labels: triage
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
 What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
 
 What are the steps to reproduce?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 ---
 name: Question
-about: For help with an existing feature
+about: For help understanding an existing feature
 title: ''
 labels: question
 assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
 What are you trying to achieve?
 
 Have you searched for similar questions?

.gitignore

@@ -12,4 +12,6 @@ vendor
 .gitattributes
 .DS_Store
 .nyc_output
+.vscode/
 package-lock.json
+.idea

.npmignore

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-build
-node_modules
-coverage
-.editorconfig
-.gitattributes
-.gitignore
-test
-.travis.yml
-appveyor.yml
-mkdocs.yml
-docs/css/
-vendor
-.prebuildrc
-.nyc_output
-.github/

.travis.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 matrix:
   include:
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 6"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "6"
     - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 8"
       os: linux
       dist: trusty
@@ -24,15 +18,15 @@ matrix:
       sudo: false
       language: node_js
       node_js: "12"
-      after_success:
+    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 13"
-        - npm install coveralls
-        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 11"
       os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: false
       language: node_js
-      node_js: "11"
+      node_js: "13"
+      after_success:
+        - npm install coveralls
+        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
     - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 8"
       os: linux
       dist: trusty
@@ -53,16 +47,6 @@ matrix:
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 11"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:11-alpine
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
     - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 12"
       os: linux
       dist: trusty
@@ -73,11 +57,16 @@ matrix:
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 6"
+    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 13"
-      os: osx
+      os: linux
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      dist: trusty
-      language: node_js
+      sudo: true
-      node_js: "6"
+      language: minimal
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:13.0-alpine
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
     - name: "OS X - Node 8"
       os: osx
       osx_image: xcode9.2
@@ -88,13 +77,15 @@ matrix:
       osx_image: xcode9.2
       language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 11"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "11"
     - name: "OS X - Node 12"
       os: osx
       osx_image: xcode9.2
       language: node_js
       node_js: "12"
+    - name: "OS X - Node 13"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode10
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "13"
+cache:
+  npm: false

README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ is to convert large images in common formats to
 smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
 
 Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
 Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
 Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12
+Node versions 8, 10, 12 and 13
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ## Examples

appveyor.yml

@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ build: off
 platform: x64
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "6"
   - nodejs_version: "8"
   - nodejs_version: "10"
-  - nodejs_version: "11"
   - nodejs_version: "12"
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
 install:
   - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version) x64
   - npm install -g npm@6

binding.gyp

@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@
         'conditions': [
           ['OS == "win"', {
             'defines': [
-              '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS'
+              '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS',
+              '_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64'
             ],
             'libraries': [
               '../vendor/lib/libvips.lib',
@@ -182,23 +183,22 @@
     },
     'configurations': {
       'Release': {
+        'conditions': [
+          ['OS == "linux"', {
             'cflags_cc': [
-          '-Wno-cast-function-type',
+              '-Wno-cast-function-type'
-          '-Wno-deprecated-declarations'
-        ],
-        'xcode_settings': {
-          'OTHER_CPLUSPLUSFLAGS': [
-            '-Wno-deprecated-declarations'
             ]
-        },
+          }],
+          ['OS == "win"', {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1
               }
             },
             'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
-          4275,
+              4275
-          4996
+            ]
+          }]
         ]
       }
     },

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
     -   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
     -   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
     -   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
     -   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
     -   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
         -   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 -   `input` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])?** if present, can be
      a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
-     a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+     a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
      JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
 -   `options` **[Object][3]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
     -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.

docs/api-input.md

@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
 -   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
 -   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
--   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+-   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
 -   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+-   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
 -   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
 -   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
 -   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
 -   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
 -   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+-   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 
 ### Parameters
 

docs/api-output.md

@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the exten
 with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
+
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `fileOut` **[String][1]** the path to write the image data to.
+-   `fileOut` **[String][2]** the path to write the image data to.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
     `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
     `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
     When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
@@ -32,15 +35,19 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Object][5]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
 
 Write output to a Buffer.
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
-By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
 
 `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
 
@@ -54,9 +61,9 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][6]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** 
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Buffer][7]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
 
@@ -89,8 +96,8 @@ This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `withMetadata` **[Object][5]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `withMetadata.orientation` **[Number][8]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+    -   `options.orientation` **[Number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -101,7 +108,7 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -111,19 +118,19 @@ Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][1]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
+    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][2]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][6]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][6]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][6]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][6]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][8]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -150,16 +157,16 @@ Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][8]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
+    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][9]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
-    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][6]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][6]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.colours` **[Number][8]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.colours` **[Number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.colors` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.colors` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.dither` **[Number][8]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.dither` **[Number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -180,12 +187,14 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][8]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][6]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][6]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.smartSubsample` **[Boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.reductionEffort` **[Number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -196,7 +205,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -206,18 +215,18 @@ Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][6]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][6]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
+    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][7]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][6]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][6]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][6]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][7]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][6]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][7]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.xres` **[Number][8]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.xres` **[Number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.yres` **[Number][8]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.yres` **[Number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][6]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][7]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -232,7 +241,30 @@ sharp('input.svg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+## heif
+
+Use these HEIF options for output image.
+
+Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
+Do not use this in production systems.
+
+Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
+
+Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1 (optional, default `'hevc'`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+
+
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -257,8 +289,8 @@ Force output to a given format.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `format` **([String][1] \| [Object][5])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+-   `format` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
--   `options` **[Object][5]** output options
+-   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -269,7 +301,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** unsupported format or options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -283,13 +315,15 @@ Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `tile` **[Object][5]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `tile.size` **[Number][8]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.size` **[Number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `tile.overlap` **[Number][8]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.overlap` **[Number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.angle` **[Number][8]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.angle` **[Number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.depth` **[String][1]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+    -   `options.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
-    -   `tile.container` **[String][1]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    -   `options.depth` **[String][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
-    -   `tile.layout` **[String][1]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+    -   `options.skipBlanks` **[Number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
+    -   `options.container` **[String][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    -   `options.layout` **[String][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -305,22 +339,26 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[1]: #withmetadata
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[7]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 ## trim
 
 Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+
 The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
 ### Parameters

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,97 @@
 # Changelog
 
+### v0.23 - "*vision*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.8.1.
+
+#### v0.23.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> December 2019
+
+* Handle zero-length Buffer objects when using Node.js v13.2.0+.
+
+* Expose raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP metadata.
+  [#1600](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1600)
+
+* Improve thread safety by using copy-on-write when updating metadata.
+  [#1986](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1986)
+
+#### v0.23.3 - 17<sup>th</sup> November 2019
+
+* Ensure `trim` operation supports images contained in the alpha channel.
+  [#1597](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597)
+
+* Ensure tile `overlap` option works as expected.
+  [#1921](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1921)
+  [@rustyguts](https://github.com/rustyguts)
+
+* Allow compilation on FreeBSD and variants (broken since v0.23.0)
+  [#1952](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1952)
+  [@pouya-eghbali](https://github.com/pouya-eghbali)
+
+* Ensure `modulate` and other colour-based operations can co-exist.
+  [#1958](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1958)
+
+#### v0.23.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> October 2019
+
+* Add `background` option to tile output operation.
+  [#1924](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1924)
+  [@neave](https://github.com/neave)
+
+* Add support for Node.js 13.
+  [#1932](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1932)
+  [@MayhemYDG](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
+
+#### v0.23.1 - 26<sup>th</sup> September 2019
+
+* Ensure `sharp.format.vips` is present and correct (filesystem only).
+  [#1813](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1813)
+
+* Ensure invalid `width` and `height` provided as options to `resize` throw.
+  [#1817](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1817)
+
+* Allow use of 'heic' and 'heif' identifiers with `toFormat`.
+  [#1834](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1834)
+  [@jaubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
+
+* Add `premultiplied` option to `composite` operation.
+  [#1835](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1835)
+  [@Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
+
+* Allow instance reuse with differing `toBuffer` options.
+  [#1860](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1860)
+  [@RaboliotTheGrey](https://github.com/RaboliotTheGrey)
+
+* Ensure image is at least 3x3 pixels before attempting trim operation.
+
+#### v0.23.0 - 29<sup>th</sup> July 2019
+
+* Remove `overlayWith` previously deprecated in v0.22.0.
+
+* Add experimental support for HEIF images. Requires libvips compiled with libheif.
+  [#1105](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1105)
+
+* Expose libwebp `smartSubsample` and `reductionEffort` options.
+  [#1545](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1545)
+
+* Add experimental support for Worker Threads.
+  [#1558](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1558)
+
+* Use libvips' built-in CMYK and sRGB profiles when required.
+  [#1619](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1619)
+
+* Drop support for Node.js versions 6 and 11.
+  [#1674](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1674)
+
+* Expose `skipBlanks` option for tile-based output.
+  [#1687](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1687)
+  [@RaboliotTheGrey](https://github.com/RaboliotTheGrey)
+
+* Allow use of `failOnError` option with Stream-based input.
+  [#1691](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1691)
+
+* Fix rotate/extract ordering for non-90 angles.
+  [#1755](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1755)
+  [@iovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
+
 ### v0.22 - "*uptake*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.7.4.

docs/index.md

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ is to convert large images in common formats to
 smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
 
 Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
 Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
 Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12
+Node versions 8, 10, 12 and 13
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 [![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
@@ -125,6 +126,11 @@ the help and code contributions of the following people:
 * [Keith Belovay](https://github.com/fromkeith)
 * [Michael B. Klein](https://github.com/mbklein)
 * [Jakub Michálek](https://github.com/Goues)
+* [Ilya Ovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
+* [Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
+* [Nicolas Stepien](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
+* [Paul Neave](https://github.com/neave)
+* [Brendan Kennedy](https://github.com/rustyguts)
 
 Thank you!
 

docs/install.md

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ yarn add sharp
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node.js v6+
+* Node.js v8.5.0+
 
 ### Building from source
 
 Pre-compiled binaries for sharp are provided for use with
-Node versions 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12 on
+Node versions 8, 10, 12 and 13 on
 64-bit Windows, OS X and Linux platforms.
 
 Sharp will be built from source at install time when:
@@ -36,15 +36,16 @@ Building from source requires:
 [![Ubuntu 16.04 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
 
 libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 9MB.
+This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 10MB.
 
 Most Linux-based (glibc, musl) operating systems running on x64 and ARMv6+ CPUs should "just work", e.g.:
 
-* Debian 7+
+* Debian 8+
 * Ubuntu 14.04+
-* Centos 7+
+* Red Hat Enterprise 7+
-* Alpine 3.8+ (Node 8+)
+* CentOS 7+
-* Fedora
+* Alpine 3.10+
+* Fedora 21+
 * openSUSE 13.2+
 * Archlinux
 * Raspbian Jessie
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` at runtime.
 
 This allows the use of newer versions of libvips with older versions of sharp.
 
-For 32-bit Intel CPUs and older Linux-based operating systems such as Centos 6,
+For 32-bit Intel CPUs and older Linux-based operating systems such as
+those based on Red Hat Enterprise 6 (e.g. CentOS 6)
 compiling libvips from source is recommended.
 
 [https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball)
@@ -69,12 +71,11 @@ compiling libvips from source is recommended.
 #### Alpine Linux
 
 libvips is available in the
-[testing repository](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=vips-dev):
+[community repository](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=vips-dev):
 
 ```sh
-apk add vips-dev fftw-dev build-base --update-cache \
+apk add --upgrade --no-cache vips-dev build-base \
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/testing/ \
+  --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/v3.10/community/
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/main
 ```
 
 The smaller stack size of musl libc means
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
 [![Windows x64 Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/pgtul704nkhhg6sg)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lovell/sharp)
 
 libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules\sharp\vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 14MB.
+This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 10MB.
 If you are having issues during installation consider removing the directory
 `C:\Users\[user]\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_libvips`.
 
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ Only 64-bit (x64) `node.exe` is supported.
 
 ### FreeBSD
 
+[![FreeBSD Build Status](https://api.cirrus-ci.com/github/lovell/sharp.svg)](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/lovell/sharp)
+
 libvips must be installed before `npm install` is run.
 
 This can be achieved via package or ports:
@@ -125,6 +128,9 @@ https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=193528
 Set [NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
 to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
 
+To reduce the effects of memory fragmentation, add the
+[jemalloc buildpack](https://github.com/gaffneyc/heroku-buildpack-jemalloc).
+
 ### Docker
 
 [Marc Bachmann](https://github.com/marcbachmann) maintains an
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ docker pull tailor/docker-libvips
 
 ### AWS Lambda
 
-Set the Lambda runtime to Node.js 8.10.
+Set the Lambda runtime to `nodejs10.x`.
 
 The binaries in the `node_modules` directory of the
 [deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-create-deployment-pkg.html)
@@ -160,14 +166,14 @@ On non-Linux machines such as OS X and Windows run the following:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=8.10.0 sharp
+npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=10.15.0 sharp
 ```
 
 Alternatively a Docker container closely matching the Lambda runtime can be used:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs8.10 npm install sharp
+docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs10.x npm install sharp
 ```
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
@@ -245,6 +251,9 @@ SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL="https://hostname/path/" npm install sharp
 
 to use `https://hostname/path/libvips-x.y.z-platform.tar.gz`.
 
+To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL, please see
+[https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries](https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries)
+
 ### Licences
 
 This module is licensed under the terms of the

docs/performance.md

@@ -4,16 +4,15 @@
 
 * AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
 * Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
-* Node.js v10.11.0
+* Node.js v12.10.0
 
 ### The contenders
 
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.5.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.8.4 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.0.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.3.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
-* [imagemagick-native](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick-native) v1.9.3 - Wrapper around libmagick++, supports Buffers only.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* sharp v0.21.0 / libvips v8.7.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* sharp v0.23.1 / libvips v8.8.1 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
 ### The task
 
@@ -25,14 +24,14 @@ then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.71 |      1.0 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.66 |      1.0 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.32 |      4.7 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.31 |      5.0 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.97 |      5.6 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.79 |      5.7 |
-| imagemagick-native | buffer | buffer |    4.06 |      5.7 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    3.82 |      5.8 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.24 |      6.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.17 |      6.3 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   25.30 |     35.6 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   25.81 |     39.1 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   26.17 |     36.9 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   26.76 |     40.5 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   26.45 |     37.3 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   28.06 |     42.5 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 
-const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ if (process.platform === 'win32') {
         return /\.dll$/.test(filename);
       })
       .forEach(function (filename) {
-        copyFileSync(
+        fs.copyFileSync(
           path.join(vendorLibDir, filename),
           path.join(buildReleaseDir, filename)
         );

install/libvips.js

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 const semver = require('semver');
 const simpleGet = require('simple-get');
 const tar = require('tar');
-const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
 
 const agent = require('../lib/agent');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
@@ -20,6 +19,9 @@ const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SH
 
 const fail = function (err) {
   npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
+  if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
+    npmLog.info('sharp', 'Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
+  }
   npmLog.info('sharp', 'Attempting to build from source via node-gyp but this may fail due to the above error');
   npmLog.info('sharp', 'Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install for required dependencies');
   process.exit(1);
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ try {
     if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'openbsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'sunos-x64') {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, '2.13.0')) {
+    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, '2.17.0')) {
       throw new Error(`Use with glibc version ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
     // Download to per-process temporary file
@@ -80,14 +82,16 @@ try {
       npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
       simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
         if (err) {
-          throw err;
+          fail(err);
-        }
+        } else if (response.statusCode === 404) {
-        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
+          fail(new Error(`Prebuilt libvips binaries are not yet available for ${platformAndArch}`));
-          throw new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode}`);
+        } else if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
-        }
+          fail(new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode} ${response.statusMessage}`));
+        } else {
           response
             .on('error', fail)
             .pipe(tmpFile);
+        }
       });
       tmpFile
         .on('error', fail)
@@ -97,7 +101,7 @@ try {
             fs.renameSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
           } catch (err) {
             // Fall back to copy and unlink
-            copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+            fs.copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
             fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
           }
           extractTarball(tarPathCache);

lib/agent.js

@@ -20,15 +20,18 @@ function env (key) {
 
 module.exports = function () {
   try {
-    const proxy = url.parse(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
+    const proxy = new url.URL(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
     const tunnel = proxy.protocol === 'https:'
       ? tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttps
       : tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttp;
+    const proxyAuth = proxy.username && proxy.password
+      ? `${proxy.username}:${proxy.password}`
+      : null;
     return tunnel({
       proxy: {
         port: Number(proxy.port),
         host: proxy.hostname,
-        proxyAuth: proxy.auth
+        proxyAuth
       }
     });
   } catch (err) {

lib/channel.js

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ function extractChannel (channel) {
   if (is.integer(channel) && is.inRange(channel, 0, 4)) {
     this.options.extractChannel = channel;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Cannot extract invalid channel ' + channel);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue', channel);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ function bandbool (boolOp) {
   if (is.string(boolOp) && is.inArray(boolOp, ['and', 'or', 'eor'])) {
     this.options.bandBoolOp = boolOp;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid bandbool operation ' + boolOp);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('boolOp', 'one of: and, or, eor', boolOp);
   }
   return this;
 }

lib/colour.js

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
  */
 function toColourspace (colourspace) {
   if (!is.string(colourspace)) {
-    throw new Error('Invalid output colourspace ' + colourspace);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('colourspace', 'string', colourspace);
   }
   this.options.colourspace = colourspace;
   return this;
@@ -83,18 +83,22 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
  * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
  * @param {String} key
- * @param {String|Object} val
+ * @param {String|Object} value
- * @throws {Error} Invalid key
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid value
  */
-function _setColourOption (key, val) {
+function _setBackgroundColourOption (key, value) {
-  if (is.object(val) || is.string(val)) {
+  if (is.defined(value)) {
-    const colour = color(val);
+    if (is.object(value) || is.string(value)) {
+      const colour = color(value);
       this.options[key] = [
         colour.red(),
         colour.green(),
         colour.blue(),
         Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
       ];
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('background', 'object or string', value);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toColourspace,
     toColorspace,
     // Private
-    _setColourOption
+    _setBackgroundColourOption
   });
   // Class attributes
   Sharp.colourspace = colourspace;

lib/composite.js

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
-
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
@@ -83,6 +81,7 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {Number} [images[].top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
  * @param {Number} [images[].left] - the pixel offset from the left edge.
  * @param {Boolean} [images[].tile=false] - set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [images[].premultiplied=false] - set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option.
  * @param {Number} [images[].density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
  * @param {Object} [images[].raw] - describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.width]
@@ -107,7 +106,8 @@ function composite (images) {
       tile: false,
       left: -1,
       top: -1,
-      gravity: 0
+      gravity: 0,
+      premultiplied: false
     };
     if (is.defined(image.blend)) {
       if (is.string(blend[image.blend])) {
@@ -149,26 +149,24 @@ function composite (images) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('gravity', 'valid gravity', image.gravity);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(image.premultiplied)) {
+      if (is.bool(image.premultiplied)) {
+        composite.premultiplied = image.premultiplied;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('premultiplied', 'boolean', image.premultiplied);
+      }
+    }
+
     return composite;
   });
   return this;
 }
 
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function overlayWith (input, options) {
-  const blend = (is.object(options) && options.cutout) ? 'dest-in' : 'over';
-  return this.composite([Object.assign({ input, blend }, options)]);
-}
-
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with composite-related functions.
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Sharp.prototype.composite = composite;
-  Sharp.prototype.overlayWith = deprecate(overlayWith, 'overlayWith(input, options) is deprecated, use composite([{ input, ...options }]) instead');
   Sharp.blend = blend;
 };

lib/constructor.js

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const path = require('path');
 const util = require('util');
 const stream = require('stream');
 const events = require('events');
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ const is = require('./is');
 require('./libvips').hasVendoredLibvips();
 
 let sharp;
+/* istanbul ignore next */
 try {
   sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 } catch (err) {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *
  * @param {(Buffer|String)} [input] - if present, can be
  *  a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
- *  a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+ *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
  *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
@@ -110,8 +110,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     // input options
     sequentialRead: false,
     limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
-    // ICC profiles
-    iccProfilePath: path.join(__dirname, 'icc') + path.sep,
     // resize options
     topOffsetPre: -1,
     leftOffsetPre: -1,
@@ -197,6 +195,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     webpAlphaQuality: 100,
     webpLossless: false,
     webpNearLossless: false,
+    webpSmartSubsample: false,
+    webpReductionEffort: 4,
     tiffQuality: 80,
     tiffCompression: 'jpeg',
     tiffPredictor: 'horizontal',
@@ -207,8 +207,13 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tiffTileWidth: 256,
     tiffXres: 1.0,
     tiffYres: 1.0,
+    heifQuality: 80,
+    heifLossless: false,
+    heifCompression: 'hevc',
     tileSize: 256,
     tileOverlap: 0,
+    tileSkipBlanks: -1,
+    tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     linearA: 1,
     linearB: 0,
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings

lib/input.js

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   } else if (is.plainObject(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     // Plain Object descriptor, e.g. create
     inputOptions = input;
-    if (is.plainObject(inputOptions.raw)) {
+    if (is.plainObject(inputOptions.raw) || is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
       // Raw Stream
       inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
     }
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       if (is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
         inputDescriptor.failOnError = inputOptions.failOnError;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid failOnError (boolean) ' + inputOptions.failOnError);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('failOnError', 'boolean', inputOptions.failOnError);
       }
     }
     // Density
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 2400)) {
         inputDescriptor.density = inputOptions.density;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid density (1 to 2400) ' + inputOptions.density);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 2400', inputOptions.density);
       }
     }
     // Raw pixel input
@@ -65,11 +65,15 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.pages)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.pages) && is.inRange(inputOptions.pages, -1, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.pages = inputOptions.pages;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('pages', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.pages);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.page)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.page) && is.inRange(inputOptions.page, 0, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.page = inputOptions.page;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
       }
     }
     // Create new image
@@ -115,9 +119,8 @@ function _write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
     /* istanbul ignore else */
     if (is.buffer(chunk)) {
       if (this.options.input.buffer.length === 0) {
-        const that = this;
+        this.on('finish', () => {
-        this.on('finish', function () {
+          this.streamInFinished = true;
-          that.streamInFinished = true;
         });
       }
       this.options.input.buffer.push(chunk);
@@ -165,16 +168,15 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function clone () {
-  const that = this;
   // Clone existing options
   const clone = this.constructor.call();
   clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
   // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
   if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-    this.on('finish', function () {
+    this.on('finish', () => {
       // Clone inherits input data
-      that._flattenBufferIn();
+      this._flattenBufferIn();
-      clone.options.bufferIn = that.options.bufferIn;
+      clone.options.bufferIn = this.options.bufferIn;
       clone.emit('finish');
     });
   }
@@ -195,8 +197,9 @@ function clone () {
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
  * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
  * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
- * - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+ * - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
  * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+ * - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -204,6 +207,7 @@ function clone () {
  * - `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
  * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
  * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+ * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -223,12 +227,11 @@ function clone () {
  * @returns {Promise<Object>|Sharp}
  */
 function metadata (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (is.fn(callback)) {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      this.on('finish', function () {
+      this.on('finish', () => {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.metadata(that.options, callback);
+        sharp.metadata(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       sharp.metadata(this.options, callback);
@@ -236,10 +239,10 @@ function metadata (callback) {
     return this;
   } else {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
+        this.on('finish', () => {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.metadata(that.options, function (err, metadata) {
+          sharp.metadata(this.options, (err, metadata) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
@@ -249,8 +252,8 @@ function metadata (callback) {
         });
       });
     } else {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        sharp.metadata(that.options, function (err, metadata) {
+        sharp.metadata(this.options, (err, metadata) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {
@@ -292,12 +295,11 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  * @returns {Promise<Object>}
  */
 function stats (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (is.fn(callback)) {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      this.on('finish', function () {
+      this.on('finish', () => {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.stats(that.options, callback);
+        sharp.stats(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       sharp.stats(this.options, callback);
@@ -305,10 +307,10 @@ function stats (callback) {
     return this;
   } else {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
+        this.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.stats(that.options, function (err, stats) {
+          sharp.stats(this.options, (err, stats) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
@@ -318,8 +320,8 @@ function stats (callback) {
         });
       });
     } else {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        sharp.stats(that.options, function (err, stats) {
+        sharp.stats(this.options, (err, stats) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {

lib/libvips.js

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ const semver = require('semver');
 const platform = require('./platform');
 
 const env = process.env;
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
+  require('../package.json').config.libvips;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
   encoding: 'utf8',
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
   try {
     fs.mkdirSync(dirPath);
   } catch (err) {
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
     if (err.code !== 'EEXIST') {
       throw err;
     }
@@ -26,7 +28,8 @@ const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
 };
 
 const cachePath = function () {
-  const npmCachePath = env.npm_config_cache || (env.APPDATA ? path.join(env.APPDATA, 'npm-cache') : path.join(os.homedir(), '.npm'));
+  const npmCachePath = env.npm_config_cache || /* istanbul ignore next */
+    (env.APPDATA ? path.join(env.APPDATA, 'npm-cache') : path.join(os.homedir(), '.npm'));
   mkdirSync(npmCachePath);
   const libvipsCachePath = path.join(npmCachePath, '_libvips');
   mkdirSync(libvipsCachePath);
@@ -51,17 +54,21 @@ const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
     vendorVersionId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'versions.json')).vips;
     vendorPlatformId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'platform.json'));
   } catch (err) {}
+  /* istanbul ignore if */
   if (vendorVersionId && vendorVersionId !== minimumLibvipsVersion) {
     throw new Error(`Found vendored libvips v${vendorVersionId} but require v${minimumLibvipsVersion}. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
   }
+  /* istanbul ignore else */
   if (vendorPlatformId) {
+    /* istanbul ignore else */
     if (currentPlatformId === vendorPlatformId) {
       return true;
     } else {
       throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
     }
-  }
+  } else {
     return false;
+  }
 };
 
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
@@ -81,7 +88,8 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
   }
 
   const globalVipsVersion = globalLibvipsVersion();
-  return !!globalVipsVersion && semver.gte(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
+  return !!globalVipsVersion && /* istanbul ignore next */
+    semver.gte(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
 };
 
 module.exports = {

lib/operation.js

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function rotate (angle, options) {
       ];
     }
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported angle: must be a number.');
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'numeric', angle);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
       if (is.number(flat) && is.inRange(flat, 0, 10000)) {
         this.options.sharpenFlat = flat;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid sharpen level for flat areas (0.0 - 10000.0) ' + flat);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('flat', 'number between 0 and 10000', flat);
       }
     }
     // Control over jagged areas
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
       if (is.number(jagged) && is.inRange(jagged, 0, 10000)) {
         this.options.sharpenJagged = jagged;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid sharpen level for jagged areas (0.0 - 10000.0) ' + jagged);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('jagged', 'number between 0 and 10000', jagged);
       }
     }
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid sharpen sigma (0.01 - 10000) ' + sigma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.01 and 10000', sigma);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ function median (size) {
     // Numeric argument: specific sigma
     this.options.medianSize = size;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid median size ' + size);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('size', 'integer between 1 and 1000', size);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function blur (sigma) {
     // Numeric argument: specific sigma
     this.options.blurSigma = sigma;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid blur sigma (0.3 - 1000.0) ' + sigma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.3 and 1000', sigma);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ function blur (sigma) {
 function flatten (options) {
   this.options.flatten = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
   if (is.object(options)) {
-    this._setColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
   } else if (is.number(gamma) && is.inRange(gamma, 1, 3)) {
     this.options.gamma = gamma;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid gamma correction (1.0 to 3.0) ' + gamma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('gamma', 'number between 1.0 and 3.0', gamma);
   }
   if (!is.defined(gammaOut)) {
     // Default gamma correction for output is same as input
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
   } else if (is.number(gammaOut) && is.inRange(gammaOut, 1, 3)) {
     this.options.gammaOut = gammaOut;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid output gamma correction (1.0 to 3.0) ' + gammaOut);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('gammaOut', 'number between 1.0 and 3.0', gammaOut);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ function threshold (threshold, options) {
   } else if (is.integer(threshold) && is.inRange(threshold, 0, 255)) {
     this.options.threshold = threshold;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid threshold (0 to 255) ' + threshold);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'integer between 0 and 255', threshold);
   }
   if (!is.object(options) || options.greyscale === true || options.grayscale === true) {
     this.options.thresholdGrayscale = true;
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ function boolean (operand, operator, options) {
   if (is.string(operator) && is.inArray(operator, ['and', 'or', 'eor'])) {
     this.options.booleanOp = operator;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid boolean operator ' + operator);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('operator', 'one of: and, or, eor', operator);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -364,17 +364,15 @@ function linear (a, b) {
   } else if (is.number(a)) {
     this.options.linearA = a;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid linear transform multiplier ' + a);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('a', 'numeric', a);
   }
-
   if (!is.defined(b)) {
     this.options.linearB = 0.0;
   } else if (is.number(b)) {
     this.options.linearB = b;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid linear transform offset ' + b);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('b', 'numeric', b);
   }
-
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -405,7 +403,7 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
       inputMatrix[2].length !== 3
   ) {
     // must pass in a kernel
-    throw new Error('Invalid Recomb Matrix');
+    throw new Error('Invalid recombination matrix');
   }
   this.options.recombMatrix = [
     inputMatrix[0][0], inputMatrix[0][1], inputMatrix[0][2],

lib/output.js

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
  * Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
  *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
+ *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * @example
@@ -57,7 +60,11 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
 /**
  * Write output to a Buffer.
  * JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
- * By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
  *
  * `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
  * - `err` is an error, if any.
@@ -91,9 +98,9 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  */
 function toBuffer (options, callback) {
   if (is.object(options)) {
-    if (is.bool(options.resolveWithObject)) {
+    this._setBooleanOption('resolveWithObject', options.resolveWithObject);
-      this.options.resolveWithObject = options.resolveWithObject;
+  } else if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
-    }
+    this.options.resolveWithObject = false;
   }
   return this._pipeline(is.fn(options) ? options : callback);
 }
@@ -109,19 +116,19 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *   .toFile('output-with-metadata.jpg')
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
- * @param {Object} [withMetadata]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [withMetadata.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * @param {Number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function withMetadata (withMetadata) {
+function withMetadata (options) {
-  this.options.withMetadata = is.bool(withMetadata) ? withMetadata : true;
+  this.options.withMetadata = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
-  if (is.object(withMetadata)) {
+  if (is.object(options)) {
-    if (is.defined(withMetadata.orientation)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.orientation)) {
-      if (is.integer(withMetadata.orientation) && is.inRange(withMetadata.orientation, 1, 8)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.orientation) && is.inRange(options.orientation, 1, 8)) {
-        this.options.withMetadataOrientation = withMetadata.orientation;
+        this.options.withMetadataOrientation = options.orientation;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid orientation (1 to 8) ' + withMetadata.orientation);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('orientation', 'integer between 1 and 8', options.orientation);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -162,7 +169,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
         this.options.jpegQuality = options.quality;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.progressive)) {
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
         this.options.jpegChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid chromaSubsampling (4:2:0, 4:4:4) ' + options.chromaSubsampling);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
     }
     const trellisQuantisation = is.bool(options.trellisQuantization) ? options.trellisQuantization : options.trellisQuantisation;
@@ -198,7 +205,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.integer(quantisationTable) && is.inRange(quantisationTable, 0, 8)) {
         this.options.jpegQuantisationTable = quantisationTable;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quantisation table (integer, 0-8) ' + quantisationTable);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quantisationTable', 'integer between 0 and 8', quantisationTable);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -239,7 +246,7 @@ function png (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.compressionLevel) && is.inRange(options.compressionLevel, 0, 9)) {
         this.options.pngCompressionLevel = options.compressionLevel;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid compressionLevel (integer, 0-9) ' + options.compressionLevel);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compressionLevel', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.compressionLevel);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.adaptiveFiltering)) {
@@ -290,6 +297,8 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {Number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
  * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
  * @param {Boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
+ * @param {Number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
  * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -299,14 +308,14 @@ function webp (options) {
     if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
       this.options.webpQuality = options.quality;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.alphaQuality)) {
     if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 0, 100)) {
       this.options.webpAlphaQuality = options.alphaQuality;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Invalid webp alpha quality (integer, 0-100) ' + options.alphaQuality);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('alphaQuality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.alphaQuality);
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.lossless)) {
@@ -315,6 +324,16 @@ function webp (options) {
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.nearLossless)) {
     this._setBooleanOption('webpNearLossless', options.nearLossless);
   }
+  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
+    this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
+  }
+  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.reductionEffort)) {
+    if (is.integer(options.reductionEffort) && is.inRange(options.reductionEffort, 0, 6)) {
+      this.options.webpReductionEffort = options.reductionEffort;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('reductionEffort', 'integer between 0 and 6', options.reductionEffort);
+    }
+  }
   return this._updateFormatOut('webp', options);
 }
 
@@ -352,59 +371,47 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
         this.options.tiffQuality = options.quality;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.squash)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.squash)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffSquash', options.squash);
-        this.options.tiffSquash = options.squash;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for squash ' + options.squash + ' Only Boolean Values allowed for options.squash.');
-      }
     }
     // tiling
     if (is.defined(options.tile)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.tile)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffTile', options.tile);
-        this.options.tiffTile = options.tile;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tile ' + options.tile + ' Only Boolean values allowed for options.tile');
-      }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.tileWidth)) {
-      if (is.number(options.tileWidth) && options.tileWidth > 0) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileWidth) && options.tileWidth > 0) {
         this.options.tiffTileWidth = options.tileWidth;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tileWidth ' + options.tileWidth + ' Only positive numeric values allowed for options.tileWidth');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileWidth', 'integer greater than zero', options.tileWidth);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.tileHeight)) {
-      if (is.number(options.tileHeight) && options.tileHeight > 0) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileHeight) && options.tileHeight > 0) {
         this.options.tiffTileHeight = options.tileHeight;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tileHeight ' + options.tileHeight + ' Only positive numeric values allowed for options.tileHeight');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileHeight', 'integer greater than zero', options.tileHeight);
       }
     }
     // pyramid
     if (is.defined(options.pyramid)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.pyramid)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffPyramid', options.pyramid);
-        this.options.tiffPyramid = options.pyramid;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for pyramid ' + options.pyramid + ' Only Boolean values allowed for options.pyramid');
-      }
     }
     // resolution
     if (is.defined(options.xres)) {
-      if (is.number(options.xres)) {
+      if (is.number(options.xres) && options.xres > 0) {
         this.options.tiffXres = options.xres;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for xres ' + options.xres + ' Only numeric values allowed for options.xres');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('xres', 'number greater than zero', options.xres);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.yres)) {
-      if (is.number(options.yres)) {
+      if (is.number(options.yres) && options.yres > 0) {
         this.options.tiffYres = options.yres;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for yres ' + options.yres + ' Only numeric values allowed for options.yres');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('yres', 'number greater than zero', options.yres);
       }
     }
     // compression
@@ -412,8 +419,7 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['lzw', 'deflate', 'jpeg', 'ccittfax4', 'none'])) {
         this.options.tiffCompression = options.compression;
       } else {
-        const message = `Invalid compression option "${options.compression}". Should be one of: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4, none`;
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4, none', options.compression);
-        throw new Error(message);
       }
     }
     // predictor
@@ -421,14 +427,60 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.string(options.predictor) && is.inArray(options.predictor, ['none', 'horizontal', 'float'])) {
         this.options.tiffPredictor = options.predictor;
       } else {
-        const message = `Invalid predictor option "${options.predictor}". Should be one of: none, horizontal, float`;
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('predictor', 'one of: none, horizontal, float', options.predictor);
-        throw new Error(message);
       }
     }
   }
   return this._updateFormatOut('tiff', options);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Use these HEIF options for output image.
+ *
+ * Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
+ * Do not use this in production systems.
+ *
+ * Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
+ *
+ * Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='hevc'] - compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+function heif (options) {
+  if (!this.constructor.format.heif.output.buffer) {
+    throw new Error('The heif operation requires libvips to have been installed with support for libheif');
+  }
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
+        this.options.heifQuality = options.quality;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.lossless)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.lossless)) {
+        this.options.heifLossless = options.lossless;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('lossless', 'boolean', options.lossless);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.compression)) {
+      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['hevc', 'avc', 'jpeg', 'av1'])) {
+        this.options.heifCompression = options.compression;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1', options.compression);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this._updateFormatOut('heif', options);
+}
+
 /**
  * Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
  *
@@ -444,6 +496,17 @@ function raw () {
   return this._updateFormatOut('raw');
 }
 
+const formats = new Map([
+  ['heic', 'heif'],
+  ['heif', 'heif'],
+  ['jpeg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['jpg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['png', 'png'],
+  ['raw', 'raw'],
+  ['tiff', 'tiff'],
+  ['webp', 'webp']
+]);
+
 /**
  * Force output to a given format.
  *
@@ -459,14 +522,11 @@ function raw () {
  * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
  */
 function toFormat (format, options) {
-  if (is.object(format) && is.string(format.id)) {
+  const actualFormat = formats.get(is.object(format) && is.string(format.id) ? format.id : format);
-    format = format.id;
+  if (!actualFormat) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', `one of: ${[...formats.keys()].join(', ')}`, format);
   }
-  if (format === 'jpg') format = 'jpeg';
+  return this[actualFormat](options);
-  if (!is.inArray(format, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp', 'tiff', 'raw'])) {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported output format ' + format);
-  }
-  return this[format](options);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -487,79 +547,90 @@ function toFormat (format, options) {
  *     // output_files contains 512x512 tiles grouped by zoom level
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Object} [tile]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [tile.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
+ * @param {Number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [tile.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
+ * @param {Number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [tile.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {Number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
- * @param {String} [tile.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
- * @param {String} [tile.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
+ * @param {String} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
- * @param {String} [tile.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {Number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
+ * @param {String} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
+ * @param {String} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function tile (tile) {
+function tile (options) {
-  if (is.object(tile)) {
+  if (is.object(options)) {
     // Size of square tiles, in pixels
-    if (is.defined(tile.size)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.size)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.size) && is.inRange(tile.size, 1, 8192)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.size) && is.inRange(options.size, 1, 8192)) {
-        this.options.tileSize = tile.size;
+        this.options.tileSize = options.size;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile size (1 to 8192) ' + tile.size);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('size', 'integer between 1 and 8192', options.size);
       }
     }
     // Overlap of tiles, in pixels
-    if (is.defined(tile.overlap)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.overlap)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.overlap) && is.inRange(tile.overlap, 0, 8192)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.overlap) && is.inRange(options.overlap, 0, 8192)) {
-        if (tile.overlap > this.options.tileSize) {
+        if (options.overlap > this.options.tileSize) {
-          throw new Error('Tile overlap ' + tile.overlap + ' cannot be larger than tile size ' + this.options.tileSize);
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', `<= size (${this.options.tileSize})`, options.overlap);
         }
-        this.options.tileOverlap = tile.overlap;
+        this.options.tileOverlap = options.overlap;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile overlap (0 to 8192) ' + tile.overlap);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', 'integer between 0 and 8192', options.overlap);
       }
     }
     // Container
-    if (is.defined(tile.container)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.container)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.container) && is.inArray(tile.container, ['fs', 'zip'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.container) && is.inArray(options.container, ['fs', 'zip'])) {
-        this.options.tileContainer = tile.container;
+        this.options.tileContainer = options.container;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile container ' + tile.container);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('container', 'one of: fs, zip', options.container);
       }
     }
     // Layout
-    if (is.defined(tile.layout)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.layout)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.layout) && is.inArray(tile.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
-        this.options.tileLayout = tile.layout;
+        this.options.tileLayout = options.layout;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile layout ' + tile.layout);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, zoomify', options.layout);
       }
     }
-
     // Angle of rotation,
-    if (is.defined(tile.angle)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.angle)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.angle) && !(tile.angle % 90)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.angle) && !(options.angle % 90)) {
-        this.options.tileAngle = tile.angle;
+        this.options.tileAngle = options.angle;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Unsupported angle: angle must be a positive/negative multiple of 90 ' + tile.angle);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'positive/negative multiple of 90', options.angle);
       }
     }
-
+    // Background colour
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('tileBackground', options.background);
     // Depth of tiles
-    if (is.defined(tile.depth)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.depth)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.depth) && is.inArray(tile.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.depth) && is.inArray(options.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
-        this.options.tileDepth = tile.depth;
+        this.options.tileDepth = options.depth;
       } else {
-        throw new Error("Invalid tile depth '" + tile.depth + "', should be one of 'onepixel', 'onetile' or 'one'");
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('depth', 'one of: onepixel, onetile, one', options.depth);
       }
     }
+    // Threshold to skip blank tiles
+    if (is.defined(options.skipBlanks)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.skipBlanks) && is.inRange(options.skipBlanks, -1, 65535)) {
+        this.options.tileSkipBlanks = options.skipBlanks;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('skipBlanks', 'integer between -1 and 255/65535', options.skipBlanks);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.layout) && options.layout === 'google') {
+      this.options.tileSkipBlanks = 5;
+    }
   }
   // Format
   if (is.inArray(this.options.formatOut, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp'])) {
     this.options.tileFormat = this.options.formatOut;
   } else if (this.options.formatOut !== 'input') {
-    throw new Error('Invalid tile format ' + this.options.formatOut);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', 'one of: jpeg, png, webp', this.options.formatOut);
   }
-
   return this._updateFormatOut('dz');
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +661,7 @@ function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
   if (is.bool(val)) {
     this.options[key] = val;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid ' + key + ' (boolean) ' + val);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError(key, 'boolean', val);
   }
 }
 
@@ -599,6 +670,7 @@ function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
  * @private
  */
 function _read () {
+  /* istanbul ignore else */
   if (!this.options.streamOut) {
     this.options.streamOut = true;
     this._pipeline();
@@ -611,14 +683,13 @@ function _read () {
  * @private
  */
 function _pipeline (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (typeof callback === 'function') {
     // output=file/buffer
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=file/buffer, input=stream
-      this.on('finish', function () {
+      this.on('finish', () => {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.pipeline(that.options, callback);
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       // output=file/buffer, input=file/buffer
@@ -629,41 +700,31 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
     // output=stream
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=stream, input=stream
-      if (this.streamInFinished) {
+      this.once('finish', () => {
         this._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.pipeline(this.options, function (err, data, info) {
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
           if (err) {
-            that.emit('error', err);
+            this.emit('error', err);
           } else {
-            that.emit('info', info);
+            this.emit('info', info);
-            that.push(data);
+            this.push(data);
           }
-          that.push(null);
+          this.push(null);
-        });
-      } else {
-        this.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) {
-              that.emit('error', err);
-            } else {
-              that.emit('info', info);
-              that.push(data);
-            }
-            that.push(null);
         });
       });
+      if (this.streamInFinished) {
+        this.emit('finish');
       }
     } else {
       // output=stream, input=file/buffer
-      sharp.pipeline(this.options, function (err, data, info) {
+      sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
         if (err) {
-          that.emit('error', err);
+          this.emit('error', err);
         } else {
-          that.emit('info', info);
+          this.emit('info', info);
-          that.push(data);
+          this.push(data);
         }
-        that.push(null);
+        this.push(null);
       });
     }
     return this;
@@ -671,15 +732,15 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
     // output=promise
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=promise, input=stream
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
+        this.once('finish', () => {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
+          sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
-              if (that.options.resolveWithObject) {
+              if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
-                resolve({ data: data, info: info });
+                resolve({ data, info });
               } else {
                 resolve(data);
               }
@@ -689,12 +750,12 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
       });
     } else {
       // output=promise, input=file/buffer
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {
-            if (that.options.resolveWithObject) {
+            if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
               resolve({ data: data, info: info });
             } else {
               resolve(data);
@@ -720,6 +781,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     png,
     webp,
     tiff,
+    heif,
     raw,
     toFormat,
     tile,

lib/platform.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const env = process.env;
 module.exports = function () {
   const arch = env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
   const platform = env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
   const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) ? detectLibc.family : '';
 
   const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];

lib/resize.js

@@ -210,12 +210,20 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
   }
   if (is.object(options)) {
     // Width
+    if (is.defined(options.width)) {
       if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
         this.options.width = options.width;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', options.width);
+      }
     }
     // Height
+    if (is.defined(options.height)) {
       if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
         this.options.height = options.height;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'positive integer', options.height);
+      }
     }
     // Fit
     if (is.defined(options.fit)) {
@@ -238,9 +246,7 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
       }
     }
     // Background
-    if (is.defined(options.background)) {
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
-      this._setColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
-    }
     // Kernel
     if (is.defined(options.kernel)) {
       if (is.string(kernel[options.kernel])) {
@@ -305,9 +311,9 @@ function extend (extend) {
     this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
     this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
     this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
-    this._setColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid edge extension ' + extend);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('extend', 'integer or object', extend);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -349,11 +355,11 @@ function extract (options) {
     if (is.integer(value) && value >= 0) {
       this.options[name + (name === 'left' || name === 'top' ? 'Offset' : '') + suffix] = value;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Non-integer value for ' + name + ' of ' + value);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError(name, 'integer', value);
     }
   }, this);
   // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true)) {
+  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true || this.options.rotationAngle !== 0)) {
     this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
   }
   return this;
@@ -361,7 +367,10 @@ function extract (options) {
 
 /**
  * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+ * Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+ *
  * The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
+ *
  * @param {Number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.22.1",
+  "version": "0.23.4",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -59,12 +59,17 @@
     "Daiz <taneli.vatanen@gmail.com>",
     "Julian Aubourg <j@ubourg.net>",
     "Keith Belovay <keith@picthrive.com>",
-    "Michael B. Klein <mbklein@gmail.com>"
+    "Michael B. Klein <mbklein@gmail.com>",
+    "Jordan Prudhomme <jordan@raboland.fr>",
+    "Ilya Ovdin <iovdin@gmail.com>",
+    "Andargor <andargor@yahoo.com>",
+    "Paul Neave <paul.neave@gmail.com>",
+    "Brendan Kennedy <brenwken@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
     "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
-    "test": "semistandard && cc && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
+    "test": "semistandard && cpplint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
     "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=5000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;MIT\"",
     "test-coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
@@ -72,6 +77,14 @@
     "docs": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done"
   },
   "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "files": [
+    "binding.gyp",
+    "docs/**",
+    "!docs/css/**",
+    "install/**",
+    "lib/**",
+    "src/**"
+  ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
     "url": "git://github.com/lovell/sharp"
@@ -93,39 +106,41 @@
     "vips"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "color": "^3.1.1",
+    "color": "^3.1.2",
     "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "fs-copy-file-sync": "^1.1.1",
+    "nan": "^2.14.0",
-    "nan": "^2.13.2",
     "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
-    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.0",
+    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.3",
-    "semver": "^6.0.0",
+    "semver": "^6.3.0",
-    "simple-get": "^3.0.3",
+    "simple-get": "^3.1.0",
-    "tar": "^4.4.8",
+    "tar": "^5.0.5",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^2.6.2",
+    "async": "^3.1.0",
-    "cc": "^1.0.2",
+    "cc": "^2.0.1",
     "decompress-zip": "^0.3.2",
-    "documentation": "^10.0.0",
+    "documentation": "^12.1.4",
-    "exif-reader": "^1.0.2",
+    "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
     "icc": "^1.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^6.1.4",
+    "mocha": "^6.2.2",
-    "mock-fs": "^4.9.0",
+    "mock-fs": "^4.10.4",
-    "nyc": "^14.0.0",
+    "nyc": "^14.1.1",
-    "prebuild": "^8.2.1",
+    "prebuild": "^9.1.1",
-    "prebuild-ci": "^3.0.0",
+    "prebuild-ci": "^3.1.0",
-    "rimraf": "^2.6.3",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.0",
-    "semistandard": "^13.0.1"
+    "semistandard": "^14.2.0"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.7.4"
+    "libvips": "8.8.1"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=6"
+    "node": ">=8.5.0"
+  },
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
   },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [
@@ -135,10 +150,7 @@
   "cc": {
     "linelength": "120",
     "filter": [
-      "build/c++11",
+      "build/include"
-      "build/include",
-      "runtime/indentation_namespace",
-      "runtime/references"
     ]
   }
 }

src/common.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <mutex>  // NOLINT(build/c++11)
 
 #include <node.h>
 #include <node_buffer.h>
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       v8::Local<v8::Object> buffer = AttrAs<v8::Object>(input, "buffer");
       descriptor->bufferLength = node::Buffer::Length(buffer);
       descriptor->buffer = node::Buffer::Data(buffer);
+      descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
       buffersToPersist.push_back(buffer);
     }
     descriptor->failOnError = AttrTo<bool>(input, "failOnError");
@@ -110,6 +111,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".tif") || EndsWith(str, ".tiff") || EndsWith(str, ".TIF") || EndsWith(str, ".TIFF");
   }
+  bool IsHeic(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".heic") || EndsWith(str, ".HEIC");
+  }
+  bool IsHeif(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".heif") || EndsWith(str, ".HEIF") || IsHeic(str) || IsAvif(str);
+  }
+  bool IsAvif(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".avif") || EndsWith(str, ".AVIF");
+  }
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".dzi") || EndsWith(str, ".DZI");
   }
@@ -132,12 +142,13 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::TIFF: id = "tiff"; break;
       case ImageType::GIF: id = "gif"; break;
       case ImageType::SVG: id = "svg"; break;
+      case ImageType::HEIF: id = "heif"; break;
       case ImageType::PDF: id = "pdf"; break;
       case ImageType::MAGICK: id = "magick"; break;
       case ImageType::OPENSLIDE: id = "openslide"; break;
       case ImageType::PPM: id = "ppm"; break;
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
-      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "v"; break;
+      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
       case ImageType::MISSING: id = "missing"; break;
@@ -165,6 +176,8 @@ namespace sharp {
         imageType = ImageType::GIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgBuffer")) {
         imageType = ImageType::SVG;
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifBuffer")) {
+        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfBuffer")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PDF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "MagickBuffer")) {
@@ -196,6 +209,8 @@ namespace sharp {
         imageType = ImageType::GIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::SVG;
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifFile")) {
+        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PDF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Ppm")) {
@@ -222,6 +237,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     return
       imageType == ImageType::GIF ||
       imageType == ImageType::TIFF ||
+      imageType == ImageType::HEIF ||
       imageType == ImageType::PDF;
   }
 
@@ -231,7 +247,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor, VipsAccess accessMethod) {
     VImage image;
     ImageType imageType;
-    if (descriptor->buffer != nullptr) {
+    if (descriptor->isBuffer) {
       if (descriptor->rawChannels > 0) {
         // Raw, uncompressed pixel data
         image = VImage::new_from_memory(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength,
@@ -262,7 +278,7 @@ namespace sharp {
             }
             image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input buffer has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
@@ -308,7 +324,7 @@ namespace sharp {
             }
             image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input file has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
@@ -355,15 +371,19 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
-    image.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
-    vips_image_remove(image.get_image(), VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.remove(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
@@ -383,11 +403,13 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
     const double pixelsPerMm = density / 25.4;
-    image.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
-    image.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
-    image.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    copy.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*

src/common.h

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
-#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 7))
+#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 8))
-#error libvips version 8.7.0+ is required - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install
+#error libvips version 8.8.0+ is required - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
@@ -43,12 +43,13 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  struct InputDescriptor {
+  struct InputDescriptor {  // NOLINT(runtime/indentation_namespace)
     std::string name;
     std::string file;
     char *buffer;
     bool failOnError;
     size_t bufferLength;
+    bool isBuffer;
     double density;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       buffer(nullptr),
       failOnError(TRUE),
       bufferLength(0),
+      isBuffer(FALSE),
       density(72.0),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);
+    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);  // NOLINT(runtime/references)
 
   enum class ImageType {
     JPEG,
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     TIFF,
     GIF,
     SVG,
+    HEIF,
     PDF,
     MAGICK,
     OPENSLIDE,
@@ -123,6 +126,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsPng(std::string const &str);
   bool IsWebp(std::string const &str);
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsHeic(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsHeif(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsAvif(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDzZip(std::string const &str);
   bool IsV(std::string const &str);
@@ -171,12 +177,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
 
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.

src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp

@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
 #include <vips/intl.h>
 
-#include <iostream>
-
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 VIPS_NAMESPACE_START

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ VImage::new_from_file( const char *name, VOption *options )
 }
 
 VImage 
-VImage::new_from_buffer( void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string, 
+VImage::new_from_buffer( const void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string, 
 	VOption *options )
 {
 	const char *operation_name;
@@ -588,6 +588,13 @@ VImage::new_from_buffer( void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string,
 	return( out );
 }
 
+VImage 
+VImage::new_from_buffer( const std::string &buf, const char *option_string, 
+	VOption *options )
+{
+	return( new_from_buffer( buf.c_str(), buf.size(), option_string, options ) );
+}
+
 VImage 
 VImage::new_matrix( int width, int height ) 
 {

src/metadata.cc

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("heif-primary") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->pagePrimary = image.get_int("heif-primary");
+      }
       baton->hasProfile = sharp::HasProfile(image);
       // Derived attributes
       baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
@@ -113,6 +116,14 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         memcpy(baton->xmp, xmp, xmpLength);
         baton->xmpLength = xmpLength;
       }
+      // TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME) == VIPS_TYPE_BLOB) {
+        size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+        void const *tifftagPhotoshop = image.get_blob(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME, &tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshop = static_cast<char *>(g_malloc(tifftagPhotoshopLength));
+        memcpy(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength = tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+      }
     }
 
     // Clean up
@@ -158,6 +169,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
         Set(info, New("pageHeight").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pageHeight));
       }
+      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
+        Set(info, New("pagePrimary").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pagePrimary));
+      }
       Set(info, New("hasProfile").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasProfile));
       Set(info, New("hasAlpha").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasAlpha));
       if (baton->orientation > 0) {
@@ -183,6 +197,12 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           New("xmp").ToLocalChecked(),
           Nan::NewBuffer(baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
       }
+      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
+        Set(info,
+          New("tifftagPhotoshop").ToLocalChecked(),
+          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr)
+            .ToLocalChecked());
+      }
       argv[1] = info;
     }
 

src/metadata.h

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int paletteBitDepth;
   int pages;
   int pageHeight;
+  int pagePrimary;
   bool hasProfile;
   bool hasAlpha;
   int orientation;
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   size_t iptcLength;
   char *xmp;
   size_t xmpLength;
+  char *tifftagPhotoshop;
+  size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
   std::string err;
 
   MetadataBaton():
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     paletteBitDepth(0),
     pages(0),
     pageHeight(0),
+    pagePrimary(-1),
     hasProfile(false),
     hasAlpha(false),
     orientation(0),
@@ -69,7 +73,9 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     iptc(nullptr),
     iptcLength(0),
     xmp(nullptr),
-    xmpLength(0) {}
+    xmpLength(0),
+    tifftagPhotoshop(nullptr),
+    tifftagPhotoshopLength(0) {}
 };
 
 NAN_METHOD(metadata);

src/operations.cc

@@ -191,12 +191,20 @@ namespace sharp {
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image)
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
-        .linear({brightness, saturation, 1}, {0, 0, static_cast<double>(hue)})
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1},
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
         .bandjoin(alpha);
     } else {
       return image
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
-        .linear({brightness, saturation, 1}, {0, 0, static_cast<double>(hue)});
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1 },
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
     }
   }
 
@@ -250,18 +258,31 @@ namespace sharp {
     Trim an image
   */
   VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold) {
+    if (image.width() < 3 && image.height() < 3) {
+      throw VError("Image to trim must be at least 3x3 pixels");
+    }
     // Top-left pixel provides the background colour
     VImage background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
     if (HasAlpha(background)) {
       background = background.flatten();
     }
-    int top, width, height;
+    int left, top, width, height;
-    int const left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+    left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
       ->set("background", background(0, 0))
       ->set("threshold", threshold));
+    if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
+      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+        // Search alpha channel
+        VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+        VImage backgroundAlpha = alpha.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
+        left = alpha.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+          ->set("background", backgroundAlpha(0, 0))
+          ->set("threshold", threshold));
+      }
       if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
         throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
       }
+    }
     return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
   }
 

src/pipeline.cc

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 #include <node.h>
@@ -30,6 +32,20 @@
 #include "operations.h"
 #include "pipeline.h"
 
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT __stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION _stat64
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#else
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat64
+#endif
+
 class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
  public:
   PipelineWorker(
@@ -57,16 +73,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     // Increment processing task counter
     g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterProcess);
 
-    std::map<VipsInterpretation, std::string> profileMap;
-    // Default sRGB ICC profile from https://packages.debian.org/sid/all/icc-profiles-free/filelist
-    profileMap.insert(
-      std::pair<VipsInterpretation, std::string>(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB,
-                                                 baton->iccProfilePath + "sRGB.icc"));
-    // Convert to sRGB using default CMYK profile from http://www.argyllcms.com/cmyk.icm
-    profileMap.insert(
-      std::pair<VipsInterpretation, std::string>(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK,
-                                                 baton->iccProfilePath + "cmyk.icm"));
-
     try {
       // Open input
       vips::VImage image;
@@ -95,9 +101,16 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Rotate pre-extract
-      if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+      if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract) {
+        if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
           image = image.rot(rotation);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        }
+        if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+          std::vector<double> background;
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
+          image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+        }
       }
 
       // Trim
@@ -301,17 +314,15 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (sharp::HasProfile(image) && image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABS) {
         // Convert to sRGB using embedded profile
         try {
-          image = image.icc_transform(
+          image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
-            const_cast<char*>(profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB].data()), VImage::option()
             ->set("embedded", TRUE)
             ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
         } catch(...) {
           // Ignore failure of embedded profile
         }
       } else if (image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK) {
-        image = image.icc_transform(
+        image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
-          const_cast<char*>(profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB].data()), VImage::option()
+          ->set("input_profile", "cmyk")
-          ->set("input_profile", profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK].data())
           ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
       }
 
@@ -390,22 +401,23 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           ->set("kernel", kernel));
       }
 
-      // Rotate
+      // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
       if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&  rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
           image = image.rot(rotation);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
+
       // Flip (mirror about Y axis)
       if (baton->flip) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
       // Flop (mirror about X axis)
       if (baton->flop) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
       // Join additional color channels to the image
@@ -478,8 +490,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         }
       }
 
-      // Rotate by degree
+      // Rotate post-extract non-90 angle
-      if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
         image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
@@ -582,7 +594,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           if (!HasAlpha(compositeImage)) {
             compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage);
           }
-          compositeImage = compositeImage.premultiply();
+          if (!composite->premultiplied) compositeImage = compositeImage.premultiply();
           // Calculate position
           int left;
           int top;
@@ -680,15 +692,15 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         // Convert colourspace, pass the current known interpretation so libvips doesn't have to guess
         image = image.colourspace(baton->colourspace, VImage::option()->set("source_space", image.interpretation()));
         // Transform colours from embedded profile to output profile
-        if (baton->withMetadata && sharp::HasProfile(image) && profileMap[baton->colourspace] != std::string()) {
+        if (baton->withMetadata && sharp::HasProfile(image)) {
-          image = image.icc_transform(const_cast<char*>(profileMap[baton->colourspace].data()),
+          image = image.icc_transform(vips_enum_nick(VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, baton->colourspace),
             VImage::option()->set("embedded", TRUE));
         }
       }
 
       // Override EXIF Orientation tag
       if (baton->withMetadata && baton->withMetadataOrientation != -1) {
-        sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
+        image = sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
       }
 
       // Number of channels used in output image
@@ -747,6 +759,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@@ -780,6 +794,18 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           vips_area_unref(area);
           baton->formatOut = "tiff";
           baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to buffer
+          VipsArea *area = VIPS_AREA(image.heifsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "raw" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == ImageType::RAW)) {
           // Write raw, uncompressed image data to buffer
           if (baton->greyscale || image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W) {
@@ -814,6 +840,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         bool const isPng = sharp::IsPng(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isWebp = sharp::IsWebp(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isTiff = sharp::IsTiff(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isHeif = sharp::IsHeif(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isDz = sharp::IsDz(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isDzZip = sharp::IsDzZip(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isV = sharp::IsV(baton->fileOut);
@@ -858,6 +885,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality));
           baton->formatOut = "webp";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
@@ -880,6 +909,20 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres));
           baton->formatOut = "tiff";
           baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (mightMatchInput && isHeif) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to file
+          #ifdef VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION
+          if (sharp::IsAvif(baton->fileOut)) {
+            baton->heifCompression = VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_AV1;
+          }
+          #endif
+          image.heifsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless));
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "dz" || isDz || isDzZip) {
           if (isDzZip) {
             baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
@@ -898,7 +941,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
               {"Q", std::to_string(baton->webpQuality)},
               {"alpha_q", std::to_string(baton->webpAlphaQuality)},
               {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-              {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"}
+              {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"reduction_effort", std::to_string(baton->webpReductionEffort)}
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".webp", options);
           } else {
@@ -917,6 +962,11 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(extname, options);
           }
+
+          // Remove alpha channel from tile background if image does not contain an alpha channel
+          if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
+            baton->tileBackground.pop_back();
+          }
           // Write DZ to file
           vips::VOption *options = VImage::option()
                                        ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
@@ -925,7 +975,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
                                        ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
                                        ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
                                        ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
-                                       ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle));
+                                       ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle))
+                                       ->set("background", baton->tileBackground)
+                                       ->set("skip_blanks", baton->tileSkipBlanks);
 
           // libvips chooses a default depth based on layout. Instead of replicating that logic here by
           // not passing anything - libvips will handle choice
@@ -1005,8 +1057,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         argv[2] = info;
       } else {
         // Add file size to info
-        GStatBuf st;
+        struct STAT64_STRUCT st;
-        if (g_stat(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
+        if (STAT64_FUNCTION(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
           Set(info, New("size").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(static_cast<uint32_t>(st.st_size)));
         }
         argv[1] = info;
@@ -1141,9 +1193,6 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
 
   // Input
   baton->input = CreateInputDescriptor(AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
-
-  // ICC profile to use when input CMYK image has no embedded profile
-  baton->iccProfilePath = AttrAsStr(options, "iccProfilePath");
   baton->accessMethod = AttrTo<bool>(options, "sequentialRead") ?
     VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
   // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
@@ -1190,6 +1239,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
     composite->left = AttrTo<int32_t>(compositeObject, "left");
     composite->top = AttrTo<int32_t>(compositeObject, "top");
     composite->tile = AttrTo<bool>(compositeObject, "tile");
+    composite->premultiplied = AttrTo<bool>(compositeObject, "premultiplied");
     baton->composite.push_back(composite);
   }
   // Resize options
@@ -1304,6 +1354,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->webpAlphaQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "webpAlphaQuality");
   baton->webpLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpLossless");
   baton->webpNearLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpNearLossless");
+  baton->webpSmartSubsample = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpSmartSubsample");
+  baton->webpReductionEffort = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "webpReductionEffort");
   baton->tiffQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tiffQuality");
   baton->tiffPyramid = AttrTo<bool>(options, "tiffPyramid");
   baton->tiffSquash = AttrTo<bool>(options, "tiffSquash");
@@ -1319,12 +1371,20 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->tiffPredictor = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffPredictor>(
   vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR,
     AttrAsStr(options, "tiffPredictor").data()));
-
+  baton->heifQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "heifQuality");
+  baton->heifLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "heifLossless");
+  #ifdef VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION
+  baton->heifCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignHeifCompression>(
+  vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION,
+    AttrAsStr(options, "heifCompression").data()));
+  #endif
   // Tile output
   baton->tileSize = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tileSize");
   baton->tileOverlap = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tileOverlap");
   std::string tileContainer = AttrAsStr(options, "tileContainer");
   baton->tileAngle = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "tileAngle");
+  baton->tileBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "tileBackground");
+  baton->tileSkipBlanks = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "tileSkipBlanks");
   if (tileContainer == "zip") {
     baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
   } else {

src/pipeline.h

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ struct Composite {
   int left;
   int top;
   bool tile;
+  bool premultiplied;
 
   Composite():
     input(nullptr),
@@ -48,12 +49,12 @@ struct Composite {
     gravity(0),
     left(-1),
     top(-1),
-    tile(false) {}
+    tile(false),
+    premultiplied(false) {}
 };
 
 struct PipelineBaton {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
-  std::string iccProfilePath;
   int limitInputPixels;
   std::string formatOut;
   std::string fileOut;
@@ -138,6 +139,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int webpAlphaQuality;
   bool webpNearLossless;
   bool webpLossless;
+  bool webpSmartSubsample;
+  int webpReductionEffort;
   int tiffQuality;
   VipsForeignTiffCompression tiffCompression;
   VipsForeignTiffPredictor tiffPredictor;
@@ -148,6 +151,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int tiffTileWidth;
   double tiffXres;
   double tiffYres;
+  int heifQuality;
+  int heifCompression;  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VipsForeignHeifCompression
+  bool heifLossless;
   std::string err;
   bool withMetadata;
   int withMetadataOrientation;
@@ -169,6 +175,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignDzLayout tileLayout;
   std::string tileFormat;
   int tileAngle;
+  std::vector<double> tileBackground;
+  int tileSkipBlanks;
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
 
@@ -194,7 +202,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     blurSigma(0.0),
     brightness(1.0),
     saturation(1.0),
-    hue(0.0),
+    hue(0),
     medianSize(0),
     sharpenSigma(0.0),
     sharpenFlat(1.0),
@@ -237,6 +245,11 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     pngColours(256),
     pngDither(1.0),
     webpQuality(80),
+    webpAlphaQuality(100),
+    webpNearLossless(false),
+    webpLossless(false),
+    webpSmartSubsample(false),
+    webpReductionEffort(4),
     tiffQuality(80),
     tiffCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG),
     tiffPredictor(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL),
@@ -247,6 +260,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tiffTileWidth(256),
     tiffXres(1.0),
     tiffYres(1.0),
+    heifQuality(80),
+    heifCompression(1),  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_HEVC
+    heifLossless(false),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),
     convKernelWidth(0),
@@ -265,6 +281,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tileContainer(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_FS),
     tileLayout(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ),
     tileAngle(0),
+    tileBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 },
+    tileSkipBlanks(-1),
     tileDepth(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {}
 };
 

src/sharp.cc

@@ -51,4 +51,4 @@ NAN_MODULE_INIT(init) {
     Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(stats)).ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
-NODE_MODULE(sharp, init)
+NAN_MODULE_WORKER_ENABLED(sharp, init)

src/stats.cc

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         Set(channelStat, New("minY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minY));
         Set(channelStat, New("maxX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxX));
         Set(channelStat, New("maxY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxY));
-        channels->Set(i, channelStat);
+        Set(channels, i, channelStat);
       }
 
       Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), channels);

src/utilities.cc

@@ -150,8 +150,9 @@ NAN_METHOD(format) {
 
   // Which load/save operations are available for each compressed format?
   Local<Object> format = New<Object>();
-  for (std::string f : {
+  for (std::string const f : {
-    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz", "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "pdf", "v"
+    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips"
   }) {
     // Input
     Local<Boolean> hasInputFile =

test/bench/package.json

@@ -8,17 +8,16 @@
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^2.6.1",
+    "async": "^3.1.0",
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
     "gm": "^1.23.1",
     "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
-    "imagemagick-native": "^1.9.3",
+    "jimp": "^0.8.4",
-    "jimp": "^0.5.3",
+    "mapnik": "^4.3.1",
-    "mapnik": "^4.0.1",
+    "semver": "^6.3.0"
-    "semver": "^5.5.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=6"
+    "node": ">=8.5.0"
   }
 }

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = require('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
-let imagemagickNative;
-try {
-  imagemagickNative = require('imagemagick-native');
-} catch (err) {
-  console.log('Excluding imagemagick-native');
-}
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
@@ -28,7 +22,7 @@ const height = 588;
 sharp.cache(false);
 
 async.series({
-  'jpeg': function (callback) {
+  jpeg: function (callback) {
     const inputJpgBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const jpegSuite = new Benchmark.Suite('jpeg');
     // jimp
@@ -126,29 +120,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      jpegSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputJpgBuffer,
-            quality: 80,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'JPEG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          }, function (err, buffer) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-              deferred.resolve();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     jpegSuite.add('gm-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -289,6 +260,9 @@ async.series({
           .then(function (buffer) {
             assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
             deferred.resolve();
+          })
+          .catch(function (err) {
+            throw err;
           });
       }
     }).on('cycle', function (event) {
@@ -698,22 +672,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      pngSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputPngBuffer,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'PNG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          });
-          deferred.resolve();
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     pngSuite.add('gm-file-file', {
       defer: true,

test/fixtures/index.js

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const getPath = function (filename) {
 // Based on the dHash gradient method - see http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/529-Kind-of-Like-That.html
 const fingerprint = function (image, callback) {
   sharp(image)
+    .flatten('gray')
     .greyscale()
     .normalise()
     .resize(9, 8, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
@@ -80,9 +81,6 @@ module.exports = {
   inputPngWithTransparency16bit: getPath('tbgn2c16.png'), // http://www.schaik.com/pngsuite/tbgn2c16.png
   inputPngOverlayLayer0: getPath('alpha-layer-0-background.png'),
   inputPngOverlayLayer1: getPath('alpha-layer-1-fill.png'),
-  inputPngOverlayLayer2: getPath('alpha-layer-2-ink.png'),
-  inputPngOverlayLayer1LowAlpha: getPath('alpha-layer-1-fill-low-alpha.png'),
-  inputPngOverlayLayer2LowAlpha: getPath('alpha-layer-2-ink-low-alpha.png'),
   inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationSmall: getPath('alpha-premultiply-1024x768-paper.png'),
   inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge: getPath('alpha-premultiply-2048x1536-paper.png'),
   inputPngBooleanNoAlpha: getPath('bandbool.png'),
@@ -90,6 +88,7 @@ module.exports = {
   inputPngTruncated: getPath('truncated.png'), // gm convert 2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.jpg -resize 320x240 saw.png ; head -c 10000 saw.png > truncated.png
   inputPngEmbed: getPath('embedgravitybird.png'), // Released to sharp under a CC BY 4.0
   inputPngRGBWithAlpha: getPath('2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.png'), // http://www.flickr.com/photos/grizdave/2569067123/ (same as inputJpg)
+  inputPngImageInAlpha: getPath('image-in-alpha.png'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597
 
   inputWebP: getPath('4.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery/4.webp
   inputWebPWithTransparency: getPath('5_webp_a.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery3/5_webp_a.webp
@@ -98,6 +97,7 @@ module.exports = {
   inputTiffCielab: getPath('cielab-dagams.tiff'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/646
   inputTiffUncompressed: getPath('uncompressed_tiff.tiff'), // https://code.google.com/archive/p/imagetestsuite/wikis/TIFFTestSuite.wiki file: 0c84d07e1b22b76f24cccc70d8788e4a.tif
   inputTiff8BitDepth: getPath('8bit_depth.tiff'),
+  inputTifftagPhotoshop: getPath('tifftag-photoshop.tiff'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1600
   inputGif: getPath('Crash_test.gif'), // http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Crash_test.gif
   inputGifGreyPlusAlpha: getPath('grey-plus-alpha.gif'), // http://i.imgur.com/gZ5jlmE.gif
   inputGifAnimated: getPath('rotating-squares.gif'), // CC0 https://loading.io/spinner/blocks/-rotating-squares-preloader-gif

test/leak/leak.sh

@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ for test in ./test/unit/*.js; do
     --show-leak-kinds=definite,indirect,possible \
     --num-callers=20 \
     --trace-children=yes \
-    node node_modules/.bin/mocha --slow=60000 --timeout=120000 --file test/unit/beforeEach.js "$test";
+    node --expose-gc node_modules/.bin/mocha --slow=60000 --timeout=120000 --file test/unit/beforeEach.js "$test";
 done

test/leak/sharp.supp

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 {
   cond_libwebp_generic
   Memcheck:Cond
-  obj:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so.6.0.2
+  obj:*/libwebp.so.*
 }
 
 # tiff
@@ -188,6 +188,14 @@
   ...
   fun:FcConfigSubstituteWithPat
 }
+{
+  leak_fontconfig_init
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: indirect
+  fun:calloc
+  ...
+  fun:FcInitLoadConfigAndFonts
+}
 
 # libvips
 {
@@ -220,6 +228,13 @@
   fun:write_webp.constprop.1
   fun:vips__webp_write_buffer
 }
+{
+  value_libvips_start_thread
+  Memcheck:Value8
+  obj:*/libvips.so.*
+  fun:start_thread
+  fun:clone
+}
 {
   cond_libvips_vips_cast_gen
   Memcheck:Cond
@@ -261,6 +276,14 @@
   ...
   fun:write_webp_image
 }
+{
+  param_libvips_write_buf
+  Memcheck:Param
+  write(buf)
+  fun:write
+  ...
+  fun:start_thread
+}
 {
   leak_libvips_init
   Memcheck:Leak
@@ -284,6 +307,13 @@
   ...
   fun:uv__fs_work
 }
+{
+  param_libuv_epoll_ctl
+  Memcheck:Param
+  epoll_ctl(event)
+  fun:epoll_ctl
+  fun:uv__io_poll
+}
 {
   cond_libuv_work_done
   Memcheck:Cond
@@ -434,6 +464,30 @@
   ...
   fun:_ZN4node12NodePlatformC1EiPN2v817TracingControllerE
 }
+{
+  leak_nodejs_start_isolate_data
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  fun:_Znwm
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN4node5StartEPN2v87IsolateEPNS_11IsolateDataERKSt6vectorISsSaISsEES9_
+}
+{
+  leak_nodejs_runtime_stackguard_object_isolate
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  fun:_Znwm
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN2v88internal18Runtime_StackGuardEiPPNS0_6ObjectEPNS0_7IsolateE
+}
+{
+  leak_nodejs_builtin_handleapicall_object_isolate
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  fun:_Znwm
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN2v88internal21Builtin_HandleApiCallEiPPNS0_6ObjectEPNS0_7IsolateE
+}
 {
   param_nodejs_delayed_task_scheduler
   Memcheck:Param

test/unit/alpha.js

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg'), 25);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg'), 10);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -81,6 +81,18 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Flatten with options but without colour does not throw', () => {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+      sharp().flatten({});
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Flatten to invalid colour throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().flatten({ background: 1 });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Enlargement with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function () {
     const base = 'alpha-premultiply-enlargement-2048x1536-paper.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path('output.' + base);

test/unit/beforeEach.js

@@ -12,3 +12,9 @@ beforeEach(function () {
   sharp.simd(usingSimd);
   sharp.concurrency(concurrency);
 });
+
+afterEach(function () {
+  if (global.gc) {
+    global.gc();
+  }
+});

test/unit/composite.js

@@ -62,6 +62,65 @@ describe('composite', () => {
     })
   ));
 
+  it('premultiplied true', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.true.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.true.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0,
+        premultiplied: true
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('premultiplied false', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.false.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.false.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0,
+        premultiplied: false
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('premultiplied absent', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.absent.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.absent.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
   it('multiple', () => {
     const filename = 'composite-multiple.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path(`output.${filename}`);
@@ -265,6 +324,12 @@ describe('composite', () => {
       }, /Expected boolean for tile but received invalid of type string/);
     });
 
+    it('invalid premultiplied', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().composite([{ input: 'test', premultiplied: 'invalid' }]);
+      }, /Expected boolean for premultiplied but received invalid of type string/);
+    });
+
     it('invalid left', () => {
       assert.throws(() => {
         sharp().composite([{ input: 'test', left: 0.5 }]);

test/unit/extend.js

@@ -6,6 +6,18 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 describe('Extend', function () {
+  it('extend all sides equally via a single value', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(120)
+      .extend(10)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
   it('extend all sides equally with RGB', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(120)

test/unit/extract.js

@@ -121,6 +121,32 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Extract then rotate non-90 anagle', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
+      .extract({ left: 20, top: 10, width: 380, height: 280 })
+      .rotate(45)
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(467, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(467, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extract-rotate-45.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Rotate then extract non-90 angle', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
+      .rotate(45)
+      .extract({ left: 20, top: 10, width: 380, height: 280 })
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(380, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(280, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-extract-45.jpg'), data, { threshold: 7 }, done);
+      });
+  });
+
   describe('Invalid parameters', function () {
     describe('using the legacy extract(top,left,width,height) syntax', function () {
       it('String top', function () {

test/unit/failOnError.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const assert = require('assert');
+const fs = require('fs');
 
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
@@ -72,4 +73,10 @@ describe('failOnError', function () {
         done(err.message.includes('VipsJpeg: Premature end of JPEG file') ? undefined : err);
       });
   });
+
+  it('handles stream-based input', function () {
+    const writable = sharp({ failOnError: false });
+    fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpgTruncated).pipe(writable);
+    return writable.toBuffer();
+  });
 });

test/unit/heif.js

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const sharp = require('../../');
+
+const formatHeifOutputBuffer = sharp.format.heif.output.buffer;
+
+describe('HEIF (experimental)', () => {
+  describe('Stubbed without support for HEIF', () => {
+    before(() => {
+      sharp.format.heif.output.buffer = false;
+    });
+    after(() => {
+      sharp.format.heif.output.buffer = formatHeifOutputBuffer;
+    });
+
+    it('should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Stubbed with support for HEIF', () => {
+    before(() => {
+      sharp.format.heif.output.buffer = true;
+    });
+    after(() => {
+      sharp.format.heif.output.buffer = formatHeifOutputBuffer;
+    });
+
+    it('called without options does not throw an error', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        sharp().heif();
+      });
+    });
+    it('valid quality does not throw an error', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ quality: 50 });
+      });
+    });
+    it('invalid quality should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ quality: 101 });
+      });
+    });
+    it('non-numeric quality should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ quality: 'fail' });
+      });
+    });
+    it('valid lossless does not throw an error', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ lossless: true });
+      });
+    });
+    it('non-boolean lossless should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ lossless: 'fail' });
+      });
+    });
+    it('valid compression does not throw an error', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ compression: 'avc' });
+      });
+    });
+    it('unknown compression should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ compression: 'fail' });
+      });
+    });
+    it('invalid compression should throw an error', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().heif({ compression: 1 });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});

test/unit/io.js

@@ -392,6 +392,22 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Stream input with corrupt header fails gracefully', function (done) {
+    const transformer = sharp();
+    transformer
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(function () {
+        done(new Error('Unexpectedly resolved Promise'));
+      })
+      .catch(function (err) {
+        assert.strictEqual(true, !!err);
+        done();
+      });
+    fs
+      .createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpgWithCorruptHeader)
+      .pipe(transformer);
+  });
+
   describe('Output filename with unknown extension', function () {
     it('Match JPEG input', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
@@ -632,6 +648,16 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
     it('Ignore unknown attribute', function () {
       sharp(null, { unknown: true });
     });
+    it('Invalid page property throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp(null, { page: -1 });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 100000 for page but received -1 of type number/);
+    });
+    it('Invalid pages property throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp(null, { pages: '1' });
+      }, /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for pages but received 1 of type string/);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('create new image', function () {

test/unit/jpeg.js

@@ -259,4 +259,35 @@ describe('JPEG', function () {
           });
       });
   });
+
+  it('Specifying quantization table provides different JPEG', function (done) {
+    // First generate with default quantization table
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, withDefaultQuantizationTable, withInfo) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, withDefaultQuantizationTable.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(withDefaultQuantizationTable.length, withInfo.size);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withInfo.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, withInfo.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, withInfo.height);
+        // Then generate with different quantization table
+        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+          .resize(320, 240)
+          .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false, quantizationTable: 3 })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, withQuantTable3, withoutInfo) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length > 0);
+            assert.strictEqual(withQuantTable3.length, withoutInfo.size);
+            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withoutInfo.format);
+            assert.strictEqual(320, withoutInfo.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(240, withoutInfo.height);
+
+            // Verify image is same (as mozjpeg may not be present) size or less
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length <= withDefaultQuantizationTable.length);
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+  });
 });

test/unit/linear.js

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe('Linear adjustment', function () {
 
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-        .linear(undefined, { 'bar': 'baz' });
+        .linear(undefined, { bar: 'baz' });
     });
   });
 });

test/unit/metadata.js

@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       // XMP
       assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.xmp);
       assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.xmp instanceof Buffer);
-      assert.strictEqual(12495, metadata.xmp.byteLength);
+      assert.strictEqual(12466, metadata.xmp.byteLength);
-      assert.strictEqual(metadata.xmp.indexOf(Buffer.from('http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0')), 0);
+      assert.strictEqual(metadata.xmp.indexOf(Buffer.from('<?xpacket begin="')), 0);
       done();
     });
   });
@@ -232,6 +232,26 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       done();
     });
   });
+  it('vips', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputV)
+      .metadata()
+      .then(metadata => {
+        assert.strictEqual('vips', metadata.format);
+        assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
+        assert.strictEqual(70, metadata.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(60, metadata.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
+        assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
+        assert.strictEqual(72, metadata.density);
+        assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+        assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
+        assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
+        assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
+        assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
+        assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.exif);
+        assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.icc);
+      })
+  );
 
   it('File in, Promise out', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).metadata().then(function (metadata) {
@@ -287,6 +307,20 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     readable.pipe(pipeline);
   });
 
+  it('Stream in, rejected Promise out', () => {
+    const pipeline = sharp();
+    fs
+      .createReadStream(__filename)
+      .pipe(pipeline);
+
+    return pipeline
+      .metadata()
+      .then(
+        () => Promise.reject(new Error('Expected metadata to reject')),
+        err => assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Input buffer contains unsupported image format')
+      );
+  });
+
   it('Stream', function (done) {
     const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const pipeline = sharp().metadata(function (err, metadata) {
@@ -370,6 +404,34 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Include metadata in output, enabled via empty object', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithExif)
+      .withMetadata({})
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then((buffer) => sharp(buffer)
+        .metadata()
+        .then(metadata => {
+          assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.hasProfile);
+          assert.strictEqual(8, metadata.orientation);
+          assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.exif);
+          assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.exif instanceof Buffer);
+          // EXIF
+          const exif = exifReader(metadata.exif);
+          assert.strictEqual('object', typeof exif);
+          assert.strictEqual('object', typeof exif.image);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof exif.image.XResolution);
+          // ICC
+          assert.strictEqual('object', typeof metadata.icc);
+          assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.icc instanceof Buffer);
+          const profile = icc.parse(metadata.icc);
+          assert.strictEqual('object', typeof profile);
+          assert.strictEqual('RGB', profile.colorSpace);
+          assert.strictEqual('Perceptual', profile.intent);
+          assert.strictEqual('Monitor', profile.deviceClass);
+        })
+      )
+  );
+
   it('Remove EXIF metadata after a resize', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithExif)
       .resize(320, 240)
@@ -453,6 +515,21 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('16-bit TIFF with TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP metadata', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputTifftagPhotoshop)
+      .metadata()
+      .then(metadata => {
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.format, 'tiff');
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.width, 317);
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.height, 211);
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.space, 'rgb16');
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.channels, 3);
+        assert.strictEqual(typeof metadata.tifftagPhotoshop, 'object');
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.tifftagPhotoshop instanceof Buffer, true);
+        assert.strictEqual(metadata.tifftagPhotoshop.length, 6634);
+      })
+  );
+
   it('File input with corrupt header fails gracefully', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithCorruptHeader)
       .metadata(function (err) {

test/unit/modulate.js

@@ -122,4 +122,21 @@ describe('Modulate', function () {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  it('should be able to use linear and modulate together', function () {
+    const base = 'modulate-linear.jpg';
+    const actual = fixtures.path('output.' + base);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(base);
+
+    const contrast = 1.5;
+    const brightness = 0.5;
+
+    return sharp(fixtures.testPattern)
+      .linear(contrast, -(128 * contrast) + 128)
+      .modulate({ brightness })
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(function () {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
 });

test/unit/overlay.js

@@ -1,589 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const fs = require('fs');
-const assert = require('assert');
-
-const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
-const sharp = require('../../');
-
-// Helpers
-const getPaths = function (baseName, extension) {
-  if (typeof extension === 'undefined') {
-    extension = 'png';
-  }
-  return {
-    actual: fixtures.path('output.' + baseName + '.' + extension),
-    expected: fixtures.expected(baseName + '.' + extension)
-  };
-};
-
-// Test
-describe('Overlays', function () {
-  it('Overlay transparent PNG file on solid background', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-01');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer0)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Overlay transparent PNG Buffer on solid background', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-01');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer0)
-      .overlayWith(fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1))
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Overlay low-alpha transparent PNG on solid background', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-01-low-alpha');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer0)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1LowAlpha)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite three transparent PNGs into one', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-012');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer0)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .toBuffer(function (error, data) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        sharp(data)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer2)
-          .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-            if (error) return done(error);
-            fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-            done();
-          });
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite two transparent PNGs into one', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-12');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer2)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite two low-alpha transparent PNGs into one', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-12-low-alpha');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1LowAlpha)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer2LowAlpha)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected, 2);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite three low-alpha transparent PNGs into one', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('alpha-layer-012-low-alpha');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer0)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1LowAlpha)
-      .toBuffer(function (error, data) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-
-        sharp(data)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer2LowAlpha)
-          .toFile(paths.actual, function (error) {
-            if (error) return done(error);
-            fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected);
-            done();
-          });
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite rgb+alpha PNG onto JPEG', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('overlay-jpeg-with-rgb', 'jpg');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(2048, 1536)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error, info) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected, 102);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite greyscale+alpha PNG onto JPEG', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('overlay-jpeg-with-greyscale', 'jpg');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(400, 300)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error, info) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected, 102);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite WebP onto JPEG', function (done) {
-    const paths = getPaths('overlay-jpeg-with-webp', 'jpg');
-
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(300, 300)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputWebPWithTransparency)
-      .toFile(paths.actual, function (error, info) {
-        if (error) return done(error);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(paths.actual, paths.expected, 102);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite JPEG onto PNG, ensure premultiply', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputJpgWithLandscapeExif1)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, info.premultiplied);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite opaque JPEG onto JPEG, ensure premultiply', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputJpgWithLandscapeExif1)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, info.premultiplied);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Fail when overlay is larger', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .toBuffer(function (error) {
-        assert.strictEqual(true, error instanceof Error);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Fail with empty String parameter', function () {
-    assert.throws(function () {
-      sharp().overlayWith('');
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('Fail with non-String parameter', function () {
-    assert.throws(function () {
-      sharp().overlayWith(1);
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('Fail with unsupported gravity', function () {
-    assert.throws(function () {
-      sharp()
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1, {
-          gravity: 9
-        });
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('Empty options', function () {
-    assert.doesNotThrow(function () {
-      sharp().overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1, {});
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Overlay with numeric gravity', function () {
-    Object.keys(sharp.gravity).forEach(function (gravity) {
-      it(gravity, function (done) {
-        const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-gravity-' + gravity + '.jpg');
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(80)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            gravity: gravity
-          })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-            assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(65, info.height);
-            assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Overlay with string-based gravity', function () {
-    Object.keys(sharp.gravity).forEach(function (gravity) {
-      it(gravity, function (done) {
-        const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-gravity-' + gravity + '.jpg');
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(80)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            gravity: sharp.gravity[gravity]
-          })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-            assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(65, info.height);
-            assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Overlay with tile enabled and gravity', function () {
-    Object.keys(sharp.gravity).forEach(function (gravity) {
-      it(gravity, function (done) {
-        const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-tile-gravity-' + gravity + '.jpg');
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(80)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            tile: true,
-            gravity: gravity
-          })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-            assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(65, info.height);
-            assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Overlay with top-left offsets', function () {
-    it('Overlay with 10px top & 10px left offsets', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-valid-offsets-10-10.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          top: 10,
-          left: 10
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with 100px top & 300px left offsets', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-valid-offsets-100-300.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          top: 100,
-          left: 300
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with only top offset', function () {
-      assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(400)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            top: 1000
-          });
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with only left offset', function () {
-      assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(400)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            left: 1000
-          });
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with negative offsets', function () {
-      assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(400)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            top: -1000,
-            left: -1000
-          });
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with 0 offset', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-offset-0.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          top: 0,
-          left: 0
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with offset and gravity', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-offset-with-gravity.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          left: 10,
-          top: 10,
-          gravity: 4
-
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with offset and gravity and tile', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-offset-with-gravity-tile.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          left: 10,
-          top: 10,
-          gravity: 4,
-          tile: true
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with offset and tile', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-offset-with-tile.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          left: 10,
-          top: 10,
-          tile: true
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with invalid tile option', function () {
-      assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp().overlayWith('ignore', { tile: 1 });
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay with very large offset', function (done) {
-      const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-very-large-offset.jpg');
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(400)
-        .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-          left: 10000,
-          top: 10000
-        })
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-        });
-    });
-
-    it('Overlay 100x100 with 50x50 so bottom edges meet', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-        .resize(50, 50)
-        .toBuffer(function (err, overlay) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithLandscapeExif1)
-            .resize(100, 100)
-            .overlayWith(overlay, {
-              top: 50,
-              left: 40
-            })
-            .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-              if (err) throw err;
-              assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-              assert.strictEqual(100, info.width);
-              assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
-              fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('overlay-bottom-edges-meet.jpg'), data, done);
-            });
-        });
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('With tile enabled and image rotated 90 degrees', function (done) {
-    const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-tile-rotated90.jpg');
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .rotate(90)
-      .resize(80)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-        tile: true
-      })
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(98, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('With tile enabled and image rotated 90 degrees and gravity northwest', function (done) {
-    const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-tile-rotated90-gravity-northwest.jpg');
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .rotate(90)
-      .resize(80)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-        tile: true,
-        gravity: 'northwest'
-      })
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(98, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
-  describe('Overlay with cutout enabled and gravity', function () {
-    Object.keys(sharp.gravity).forEach(function (gravity) {
-      it(gravity, function (done) {
-        const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-cutout-gravity-' + gravity + '.jpg');
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(80)
-          .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-            cutout: true,
-            gravity: gravity
-          })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-            assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(65, info.height);
-            assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-          });
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  it('With cutout enabled and image rotated 90 degrees', function (done) {
-    const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-cutout-rotated90.jpg');
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .rotate(90)
-      .resize(80)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-        cutout: true
-      })
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(98, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('With cutout enabled and image rotated 90 degrees and gravity northwest', function (done) {
-    const expected = fixtures.expected('overlay-cutout-rotated90-gravity-northwest.jpg');
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .rotate(90)
-      .resize(80)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit, {
-        cutout: true,
-        gravity: 'northwest'
-      })
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(98, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite RGBA raw buffer onto JPEG', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-      .raw()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(2048, 1536)
-          .overlayWith(data, { raw: info })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) throw err;
-            assert.strictEqual(true, info.premultiplied);
-            fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('overlay-jpeg-with-rgb.jpg'), data, done);
-          });
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Returns an error when called with an invalid file', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .overlayWith('notfound.png')
-      .toBuffer(function (err) {
-        assert(err instanceof Error);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Composite JPEG onto JPEG', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(480, 320)
-      .overlayWith(fixtures.inputJpgBooleanTest)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(480, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
-        assert.strictEqual(true, info.premultiplied);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('overlay-jpeg-with-jpeg.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
-  });
-});

test/unit/raw.js

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ describe('Raw pixel data', function () {
               width: info.width,
               height: info.height,
               channels: info.channels
-            } })
+            }
+          })
             .jpeg()
             .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
               if (err) throw err;
@@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ describe('Raw pixel data', function () {
               width: info.width,
               height: info.height,
               channels: info.channels
-            } })
+            }
+          })
             .png()
             .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
               if (err) throw err;

test/unit/resize-cover.js

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
           assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
-          assert.strictEqual(-143, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(-107, info.cropOffsetLeft);
           assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetTop);
           fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy-attention.jpg'), data, done);
         });

test/unit/resize.js

@@ -87,6 +87,18 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
     }, /Expected positive integer for height but received 1.5 of type number/);
   });
 
+  it('Invalid width - via options', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().resize({ width: 1.5, height: 240 });
+    }, /Expected positive integer for width but received 1.5 of type number/);
+  });
+
+  it('Invalid height - via options', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().resize({ width: 320, height: 1.5 });
+    }, /Expected positive integer for height but received 1.5 of type number/);
+  });
+
   it('Invalid width - too large', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(0x4000, 1)