Upgrade to sharp-libvips v1.2.0

Follow-up to commit c4b1d80.

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-version: 2.1
-
-workflows:
-  build:
-    jobs:
-      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
-          filters:
-            tags:
-              only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
-          filters:
-            tags:
-              only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-20:
-          filters:
-            tags:
-              only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-musl-node-20:
-          filters:
-            tags:
-              only: /^v.*/
-
-jobs:
-  linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
-    resource_class: arm.medium
-    machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:current
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linux-arm64=file:./npm/linux-arm64\""
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
-  linux-arm64-glibc-node-20:
-    resource_class: arm.medium
-    machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:current
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_20.x nodistro main' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
-          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linux-arm64=file:./npm/linux-arm64\""
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-  linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
-    resource_class: arm.medium
-    machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:current
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:18-alpine3.17
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64=file:./npm/linuxmusl-arm64\""
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
-  linux-arm64-musl-node-20:
-    resource_class: arm.medium
-    machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:current
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp node:20-alpine3.18
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
-          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: |
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run package-from-local-build"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm pkg set \"optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64=file:./npm/linuxmusl-arm64\""
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm run clean"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --ignore-scripts"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 freebsd_instance:
-  image_family: freebsd-14-0-snap
+  image_family: freebsd-15-0-snap
 
 task:
   name: FreeBSD

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ By way of example, the `background()` method present in v0.20.0 was deprecated i
 
 ## Documentation
 
-The public API is documented with [JSDoc](http://usejsdoc.org/) annotated comments.
+The public API is documented with [JSDoc](https://jsdoc.app/) annotated comments.
 
 These can be converted to Markdown by running:
 ```sh

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ You must confirm both of these before continuing.
 
 If you cannot confirm this, please upgrade to the latest version and try again before opening an issue.
 
-If you are using another package which depends on a version of `sharp` that is not the latest, please open an issue against that package instead.
+If you are using another package which depends on a version of `sharp` that is not the latest,
+please open an issue against that package instead.
 
 ### Are you using a supported runtime?
 
@@ -42,16 +43,18 @@ and try again before opening an issue.
 
 <!-- Please place an [x] in the relevant box to confirm. -->
 
-- [ ] I am using npm >= 9.6.5 with `--include=optional`
-- [ ] I am using yarn >= 3.2.0 and I am not using the "Plug'n'Play" linker
+- [ ] I am using npm >= 10.1.0 with `--include=optional`
+- [ ] I am using yarn >= 3.2.0
 - [ ] I am using pnpm >= 7.1.0 with `--no-optional=false`
 - [ ] I am using Deno
 - [ ] I am using Bun
 
-If you cannot confirm any of these,
-please upgrade to the latest version of your chosen package manager
-and ensure you are allowing the installation of optional or multi-platform dependencies
-before opening an issue.
+If you cannot confirm any of these, please upgrade to the latest version of your chosen package manager
+and ensure you are allowing the installation of optional or multi-platform dependencies before opening an issue.
+
+### What is the complete error message, including the full stack trace?
+
+<!-- Please provide the error message and stack trace here. -->
 
 ### What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose --foreground-scripts sharp` in an empty directory?
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -32,6 +32,22 @@ If you are using another package which depends on a version of `sharp` that is n
 
 <!-- Please provide output of the above command here. -->
 
+### Does this problem relate to file caching?
+
+The default behaviour of libvips is to cache input files, which can lead to `EBUSY` or `EPERM` errors on Windows.
+Use [`sharp.cache(false)`](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-utility#cache) to switch this feature off.
+
+- [ ] Adding `sharp.cache(false)` does not fix this problem.
+
+### Does this problem relate to images appearing to have been rotated by 90 degrees?
+
+Images that contain EXIF Orientation metadata are not auto-oriented. By default, EXIF metadata is removed.
+
+- To auto-orient pixel values use the parameter-less [`rotate()`](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-operation#rotate) operation.
+- To retain EXIF Orientation use [`keepExif()`](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-output#keepexif).
+
+- [ ] Using `rotate()` or `keepExif()` does not fix this problem.
+
 ### What are the steps to reproduce?
 
 <!-- Please enter steps to reproduce here. -->

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -4,149 +4,252 @@ on:
   - pull_request
 permissions: {}
 jobs:
-  github-runner:
+  build-native:
     permissions:
-      contents: write
-    name: ${{ matrix.platform }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }} ${{ matrix.prebuild && '- prebuild' }}
+      contents: read
+    name: "build-${{ matrix.platform }} [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] ${{ matrix.package && '[package]' }}"
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
             container: rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 18
             platform: linux-x64
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            package: true
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
             container: rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 20
             platform: linux-x64
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            container: rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: linux-x64
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
             container: node:18-alpine3.17
             nodejs_version_major: 18
             platform: linuxmusl-x64
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            package: true
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
             container: node:20-alpine3.18
             nodejs_version_major: 20
             platform: linuxmusl-x64
-          - os: macos-11
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04
+            container: node:22-alpine3.20
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: linuxmusl-x64
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            container: arm64v8/rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 18
+            platform: linux-arm64
+            package: true
+          - os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            container: arm64v8/rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 20
+            platform: linux-arm64
+          - os: macos-13
             nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 18
             platform: darwin-x64
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: macos-11
+            package: true
+          - os: macos-13
             nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 20
             platform: darwin-x64
-          - os: windows-2019
+          - os: macos-13
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: darwin-x64
+          - os: macos-14
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 18
+            platform: darwin-arm64
+            package: true
+          - os: macos-14
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 20
+            platform: darwin-arm64
+          - os: macos-14
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: darwin-arm64
+          - os: windows-2022
             nodejs_arch: x86
             nodejs_version: "18.18.2" # pinned to avoid 18.19.0 and npm 10
             nodejs_version_major: 18
             platform: win32-ia32
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: windows-2019
+            package: true
+          - os: windows-2022
             nodejs_arch: x86
             nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 20
             platform: win32-ia32
-          - os: windows-2019
+          - os: windows-2022
+            nodejs_arch: x86
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: win32-ia32
+          - os: windows-2022
             nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 18
             platform: win32-x64
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: windows-2019
+            package: true
+          - os: windows-2022
             nodejs_arch: x64
             nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 20
             platform: win32-x64
+          - os: windows-2022
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: win32-x64
+          - os: windows-11-arm
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^20.3.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 20
+            platform: win32-arm64
+            package: true
+          - os: windows-11-arm
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
+            nodejs_version: "^22.9.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 22
+            platform: win32-arm64
     steps:
-      - name: Dependencies (Linux glibc)
-        if: contains(matrix.container, 'centos')
-        run: |
-          yum install -y https://rpm.nodesource.com/pub_${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}.x/nodistro/repo/nodesource-release-nodistro-1.noarch.rpm
-          yum install -y https://packages.endpointdev.com/rhel/7/os/x86_64/endpoint-repo.x86_64.rpm
-          yum install -y centos-release-scl
-          yum install -y devtoolset-11-gcc-c++ make git python3 nodejs fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
-          echo "/opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - name: Dependencies (Rocky Linux glibc)
         if: contains(matrix.container, 'rockylinux')
         run: |
-          dnf install -y https://rpm.nodesource.com/pub_${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}.x/nodistro/repo/nodesource-release-nodistro-1.noarch.rpm
-          dnf install -y --setopt=nodesource-nodejs.module_hotfixes=1 nodejs
-          dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++ make git python3 fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
-          echo "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          dnf install -y gcc-toolset-14-gcc-c++ make git python3.12 fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
+          echo "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-14/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - name: Dependencies (Linux musl)
         if: contains(matrix.container, 'alpine')
         run: apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache
       - name: Dependencies (Python 3.11 - macOS, Windows)
         if: contains(matrix.os, 'macos') || contains(matrix.os, 'windows')
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: '3.11'
-      - name: Dependencies (Node.js - macOS, Windows)
-        if: contains(matrix.os, 'macos') || contains(matrix.os, 'windows')
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+          python-version: "3.12"
+      - name: Dependencies (Node.js)
+        if: "!contains(matrix.platform, 'linuxmusl')"
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
           architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }}
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install
         run: npm install --build-from-source
       - name: Test
         run: npm test
-      - name: Test packaging
-        run: |
-          npm run package-from-local-build
-          npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-${{ matrix.platform }}=file:./npm/${{ matrix.platform }}"
-          npm run clean
-          npm install --ignore-scripts
-          npm test
-      - name: Prebuild
-        if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
-        env:
-          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          node -e "require('fs').cpSync('package.json', 'src/package.json')"
-          cd src
-          npx prebuild
-  github-runner-qemu:
+      - name: Populate npm package
+        if: matrix.package
+        run: npm run package-from-local-build
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: matrix.package
+        with:
+          name: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+          path: npm/${{ matrix.platform }}
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+  build-linuxmusl-arm-64:
     permissions:
-      contents: write
-    name: ${{ matrix.platform }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }} - prebuild
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+      contents: read
+    name: "build-linuxmusl-arm64 [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] ${{ matrix.package && '[package]' }}"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    container:
+      image: ${{ matrix.container }}
+      volumes:
+        - /:/host
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+        - container: node:18-alpine3.17
+          nodejs_version_major: 18
+          package: true
+        - container: node:20-alpine3.18
+          nodejs_version_major: 20
+    steps:
+      - name: Allow Linux musl containers on ARM64 runners # https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/801#issuecomment-2394425757
+        shell: sh
+        run: |
+          apk add nodejs
+          sed -i "s:ID=alpine:ID=NotpineForGHA:" /etc/os-release
+          cd /host/home/runner/runners/*/externals/
+          rm -rf node20/*
+          mkdir node20/bin
+          ln -s /usr/bin/node node20/bin/node
+      - name: Dependencies
+        run: apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install --build-from-source
+      - name: Test
+        run: npm test
+      - name: Populate npm package
+        if: matrix.package
+        run: npm run package-from-local-build
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        if: matrix.package
+        with:
+          name: linuxmusl-arm64
+          path: npm/linuxmusl-arm64
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+  build-qemu:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    name: "build-${{ matrix.platform }} [Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }}] [package]"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
           - platform: linux-arm
+            distro: bullseye
             run_on_arch: armv6
             nodejs_arch: armv6l
             nodejs_hostname: unofficial-builds.nodejs.org
             nodejs_version: "18.17.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 18
           - platform: linux-s390x
+            distro: bullseye
             run_on_arch: s390x
             nodejs_arch: s390x
             nodejs_hostname: nodejs.org
             nodejs_version: "18.17.0"
             nodejs_version_major: 18
+          - platform: linux-ppc64
+            distro: bullseye
+            run_on_arch: ppc64le
+            nodejs_arch: ppc64le
+            nodejs_hostname: nodejs.org
+            nodejs_version: "18.17.0"
+            nodejs_version_major: 18
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v2
+      - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v3
         with:
           arch: ${{ matrix.run_on_arch }}
-          distro: buster
-          env: |
-            prebuild_upload: "${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/') && secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN || '' }}"
+          distro: ${{ matrix.distro }}
           run: |
             apt-get update
             apt-get install -y curl g++ git libatomic1 make python3 xz-utils
@@ -156,86 +259,66 @@ jobs:
             npm install --build-from-source
             npx mocha --no-config --spec=test/unit/io.js --timeout=30000
             npm run package-from-local-build
-            npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-${{ matrix.platform }}=file:./npm/${{ matrix.platform }}"
-            npm run clean
-            npm install --ignore-scripts
-            npx mocha --no-config --spec=test/unit/io.js --timeout=30000
-            [[ -n $prebuild_upload ]] && cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild || true
-  github-runner-emscripten:
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+          path: npm/${{ matrix.platform }}
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+  build-emscripten:
     permissions:
-      contents: write
-    name: wasm32 - prebuild
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    container: "emscripten/emsdk:3.1.48"
+      contents: read
+    name: "build-wasm32 [package]"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    container: "emscripten/emsdk:4.0.10"
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Dependencies
         run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y pkg-config
       - name: Dependencies (Node.js)
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: "20"
       - name: Install
         run: emmake npm install --build-from-source
+      - name: Verify emscripten versions match
+        run: |
+          EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_LIBVIPS=$(node -p "require('@img/sharp-libvips-dev-wasm32/versions').emscripten")
+          EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_SHARP=$(emcc -dumpversion)
+          echo "libvips built with emscripten $EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_LIBVIPS"
+          echo "sharp built with emscripten $EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_SHARP"
+          test "$EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_LIBVIPS" = "$EMSCRIPTEN_VERSION_SHARP"
       - name: Test
         run: emmake npm test
-      - name: Test packaging
-        run: |
-          emmake npm run package-from-local-build
-          npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-wasm32=file:./npm/wasm32"
-          npm run clean
-          rm -rf node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-x64
-          npm install --cpu=wasm32
-          npm test
-      - name: Prebuild
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
-        env:
-          npm_config_nodedir: emscripten
-          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: cd src && ln -s ../package.json && emmake npx prebuild --platform=emscripten --arch=wasm32 --strip=0
-  macstadium-runner:
+      - name: Populate npm package
+        run: emmake npm run package-from-local-build
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: wasm32
+          path: npm/wasm32
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+  release:
     permissions:
       contents: write
-    name: ${{ matrix.platform }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version_major }} ${{ matrix.prebuild && '- prebuild' }}
-    runs-on: macos-m1
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - nodejs_arch: x64
-            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
-            nodejs_version_major: 18
-            platform: darwin-x64
-          - nodejs_arch: arm64
-            nodejs_version: "^18.17.0"
-            nodejs_version_major: 18
-            platform: darwin-arm64
-            prebuild: true
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: /usr/bin/arch -arch arm64e /bin/bash -l {0}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - build-native
+      - build-linuxmusl-arm-64
+      - build-qemu
+      - build-emscripten
     steps:
-      - name: Dependencies (Node.js)
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
-          node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
-          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }}
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install
-        run: npm install --build-from-source
-      - name: Test
-        run: npm test
-      - name: Test packaging
-        run: |
-          npm run package-from-local-build
-          npm pkg set "optionalDependencies.@img/sharp-${{ matrix.platform }}=file:./npm/${{ matrix.platform }}"
-          npm run clean
-          npm install --ignore-scripts
-          npm test
-      - name: Prebuild
-        if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
-        env:
-          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: cd src && ln -s ../package.json && npx prebuild
+          path: npm
+      - name: Create npm workspace tarball
+        run: tar -vcaf npm-workspace.tar.xz --directory npm --exclude=from-local-build.js .
+      - name: Create GitHub release for tag
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
+        with:
+          artifacts: npm-workspace.tar.xz
+          artifactContentType: application/x-xz
+          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref, '-rc') }}
+          makeLatest: ${{ !contains(github.ref, '-rc') }}

.github/workflows/npm.yml

@@ -16,80 +16,92 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - name: linux-x64-node-npm
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: node
             package-manager: npm
           - name: linux-x64-node-pnpm
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: node
             package-manager: pnpm
           - name: linux-x64-node-yarn
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn
           - name: linux-x64-node-yarn-pnp
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn-pnp
+          - name: linux-x64-node-yarn-v1
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+            runtime: node
+            package-manager: yarn-v1
           - name: linux-x64-deno
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: deno
           - name: linux-x64-bun
-            runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+            runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
             runtime: bun
 
           - name: darwin-x64-node-npm
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: node
             package-manager: npm
           - name: darwin-x64-node-pnpm
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: node
             package-manager: pnpm
           - name: darwin-x64-node-yarn
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn
           - name: darwin-x64-node-yarn-pnp
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn-pnp
+          - name: darwin-x64-node-yarn-v1
+            runs-on: macos-13
+            runtime: node
+            package-manager: yarn-v1
           - name: darwin-x64-deno
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: deno
           - name: darwin-x64-bun
-            runs-on: macos-11
+            runs-on: macos-13
             runtime: bun
 
           - name: win32-x64-node-npm
-            runs-on: windows-2019
+            runs-on: windows-2022
             runtime: node
             package-manager: npm
           - name: win32-x64-node-pnpm
-            runs-on: windows-2019
+            runs-on: windows-2022
             runtime: node
             package-manager: pnpm
           - name: win32-x64-node-yarn
-            runs-on: windows-2019
+            runs-on: windows-2022
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn
           - name: win32-x64-node-yarn-pnp
-            runs-on: windows-2019
+            runs-on: windows-2022
             runtime: node
             package-manager: yarn-pnp
+          - name: win32-x64-node-yarn-v1
+            runs-on: windows-2022
+            runtime: node
+            package-manager: yarn-v1
           - name: win32-x64-deno
-            runs-on: windows-2019
+            runs-on: windows-2022
             runtime: deno
 
     steps:
       - name: Install Node.js
         if: ${{ matrix.runtime == 'node' }}
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: 20
       - name: Install pnpm
         if: ${{ matrix.package-manager == 'pnpm' }}
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v2
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
         with:
           version: 8
       - name: Install Deno
@@ -99,18 +111,18 @@ jobs:
           deno-version: v1.x
       - name: Install Bun
         if: ${{ matrix.runtime == 'bun' }}
-        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v1
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
         with:
           bun-version: latest
 
       - name: Version
         id: version
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           script: |
             core.setOutput('semver', context.ref.replace('refs/tags/v',''))
       - name: Create package.json
-        uses: DamianReeves/write-file-action@v1.2
+        uses: DamianReeves/write-file-action@v1.3
         with:
           path: package.json
           contents: |
@@ -121,13 +133,13 @@ jobs:
               "type": "module"
             }
       - name: Create release.mjs
-        uses: DamianReeves/write-file-action@v1.2
+        uses: DamianReeves/write-file-action@v1.3
         with:
           path: release.mjs
           contents: |
             import { deepStrictEqual } from 'node:assert';
             import sharp from 'sharp';
-            deepStrictEqual(['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.jpe'], sharp.format.jpeg.input.fileSuffix);
+            deepStrictEqual(['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.jpe', '.jfif'], sharp.format.jpeg.input.fileSuffix);
 
       - name: Run with Node.js + npm
         if: ${{ matrix.package-manager == 'npm' }}
@@ -163,6 +175,14 @@ jobs:
           yarn install
           yarn node release.mjs
 
+      - name: Run with Node.js + yarn v1
+        if: ${{ matrix.package-manager == 'yarn-v1' }}
+        run: |
+          corepack enable
+          yarn set version classic
+          yarn install
+          node release.mjs
+
       - name: Run with Deno
         if: ${{ matrix.runtime == 'deno' }}
         run: deno run --allow-read --allow-ffi release.mjs

.gitignore

@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ test/leak/libvips.supp
 package-lock.json
 .idea
 .firebase
+.astro
+docs/dist

.prebuildrc

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "runtime": "napi",
-  "include-regex": "(sharp-.+\\.node|libvips-.+\\.dll)",
-  "prerelease": true,
-  "strip": true
-}

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node-API module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF and AVIF images of varying dimensions
 
 It can be used with all JavaScript runtimes
 that provide support for Node-API v9, including
-Node.js >= 18.17.0, Deno and Bun.
+Node.js (^18.17.0 or >= 20.3.0), Deno and Bun.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
 quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings

docs/astro.config.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// @ts-check
+import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
+import starlight from '@astrojs/starlight';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  site: 'https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com',
+  integrations: [
+    starlight({
+      title: 'sharp',
+      description:
+        'High performance Node.js image processing. The fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images.',
+      logo: {
+        src: './src/assets/sharp-logo.svg',
+        alt: '#'
+      },
+      customCss: ['./src/styles/custom.css'],
+      head: [{
+        tag: 'meta',
+        attrs: {
+          'http-equiv': 'Content-Security-Policy',
+          content: "default-src 'self'; connect-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data:; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/;"
+        }
+      }, {
+        tag: 'link',
+        attrs: {
+          rel: 'author',
+          href: '/humans.txt',
+          type: 'text/plain'
+        }
+      }, {
+        tag: 'script',
+        attrs: {
+          type: 'application/ld+json'
+        },
+        content: JSON.stringify({
+          '@context': 'https://schema.org',
+          '@type': 'SoftwareSourceCode',
+          name: 'sharp',
+          description: 'High performance Node.js image processing',
+          url: 'https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com',
+          codeRepository: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp',
+          programmingLanguage: ['JavaScript', 'C++'],
+          runtimePlatform: 'Node.js',
+          copyrightHolder: {
+            '@context': 'https://schema.org',
+            '@type': 'Person',
+            name: 'Lovell Fuller'
+          },
+          copyrightYear: 2013,
+          license: 'https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0'
+        })
+      }],
+      sidebar: [
+        { label: 'Home', link: '/' },
+        { label: 'Installation', slug: 'install' },
+        {
+          label: 'API',
+          items: [
+            { label: 'Constructor', slug: 'api-constructor' },
+            { label: 'Input metadata', slug: 'api-input' },
+            { label: 'Output options', slug: 'api-output' },
+            { label: 'Resizing images', slug: 'api-resize' },
+            { label: 'Compositing images', slug: 'api-composite' },
+            { label: 'Image operations', slug: 'api-operation' },
+            { label: 'Colour manipulation', slug: 'api-colour' },
+            { label: 'Channel manipulation', slug: 'api-channel' },
+            { label: 'Global properties', slug: 'api-utility' }
+          ]
+        },
+        { label: 'Performance', slug: 'performance' },
+        { label: 'Changelog', slug: 'changelog' }
+      ],
+      social: [
+        { icon: 'openCollective', label: 'Open Collective', href: 'https://opencollective.com/libvips' },
+        { icon: 'github', label: 'GitHub', href: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp' }
+      ]
+    })
+  ]
+});

docs/build.js

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-'use strict';
-
-const fs = require('fs').promises;
-const path = require('path');
-const jsdoc2md = require('jsdoc-to-markdown');
-
-[
-  'constructor',
-  'input',
-  'resize',
-  'composite',
-  'operation',
-  'colour',
-  'channel',
-  'output',
-  'utility'
-].forEach(async (m) => {
-  const input = path.join('lib', `${m}.js`);
-  const output = path.join('docs', `api-${m}.md`);
-
-  const ast = await jsdoc2md.getTemplateData({ files: input });
-  const markdown = await jsdoc2md.render({
-    data: ast,
-    'global-index-format': 'none',
-    'module-index-format': 'none'
-  });
-
-  const cleanMarkdown = markdown
-    .replace(/(## )([A-Za-z0-9]+)([^\n]*)/g, '$1$2\n> $2$3\n') // simplify headings to match those of documentationjs, ensures existing URLs work
-    .replace(/<a name="[A-Za-z0-9+]+"><\/a>/g, '') // remove anchors, let docute add these (at markdown to HTML render time)
-    .replace(/\*\*Kind\*\*: global[^\n]+/g, '') // remove all "global" Kind labels (requires JSDoc refactoring)
-    .trim();
-
-  await fs.writeFile(output, cleanMarkdown);
-});

docs/build.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+'use strict';
+
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import jsdoc2md from 'jsdoc-to-markdown';
+
+const pages = {
+  constructor: 'Constructor',
+  input: 'Input metadata',
+  resize: 'Resizing images',
+  composite: 'Compositing images',
+  operation: 'Image operations',
+  colour: 'Colour manipulation',
+  channel: 'Channel manipulation',
+  output: 'Output options',
+  utility: 'Global properties'
+};
+
+Object.keys(pages).forEach(async (m) => {
+  const input = path.join('lib', `${m}.js`);
+  const output = path.join('docs', 'src', 'content', 'docs', `api-${m}.md`);
+
+  const ast = await jsdoc2md.getTemplateData({ files: input });
+  const markdown = await jsdoc2md.render({
+    data: ast,
+    'global-index-format': 'none',
+    'module-index-format': 'none'
+  });
+
+  const cleanMarkdown =
+    `---\n# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/${m}.js\ntitle: ${pages[m]}\n---\n\n` +
+    markdown
+      .replace(/(## )([A-Za-z0-9]+)([^\n]*)/g, '$1$2\n> $2$3\n') // simplify headings
+      .replace(/<a name="[A-Za-z0-9+]+"><\/a>/g, '') // remove anchors
+      .replace(/\*\*Kind\*\*: global[^\n]+/g, '') // remove all "global" Kind labels (requires JSDoc refactoring)
+      .trim();
+
+  await fs.writeFile(output, cleanMarkdown);
+});

docs/firebase.json

@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
 {
   "hosting": {
     "site": "pixelplumbing-sharp",
-    "public": ".",
-    "ignore": [
-      ".*",
-      "build.js",
-      "firebase.json",
-      "image/**",
-      "search-index/**"
-    ],
+    "public": "dist",
     "headers": [
       {
         "source": "**",
@@ -18,99 +11,6 @@
           { "key": "X-Frame-Options", "value": "SAMEORIGIN" }
         ]
       }
-    ],
-    "redirects": [
-      {
-        "source": "**/install/**",
-        "destination": "/install",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "/page/install",
-        "destination": "/install",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-constructor/**",
-        "destination": "/api-constructor",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-input/**",
-        "destination": "/api-input",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-output/**",
-        "destination": "/api-output",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-resize/**",
-        "destination": "/api-resize",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-compsite/**",
-        "destination": "/api-compsite",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-operation/**",
-        "destination": "/api-operation",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-colour/**",
-        "destination": "/api-colour",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-channel/**",
-        "destination": "/api-channel",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/api-utility/**",
-        "destination": "/api-utility",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "/page/api",
-        "destination": "/api-constructor",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/performance/**",
-        "destination": "/performance",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "/page/performance",
-        "destination": "/performance",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "**/changelog/**",
-        "destination": "/changelog",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "/page/changelog",
-        "destination": "/changelog",
-        "type": 301
-      },
-      {
-        "source": "/en/**",
-        "destination": "/",
-        "type": 301
-      }
-    ],
-    "rewrites": [
-      {
-        "source": "**",
-        "destination": "/index.html"
-      }
     ]
   }
 }

docs/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "name": "sharp-docs",
+  "type": "module",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "private": true,
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "astro dev",
+    "start": "astro dev",
+    "build": "astro build",
+    "preview": "astro preview",
+    "astro": "astro"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@astrojs/starlight": "^0.34.3",
+    "astro": "^5.7.13"
+  }
+}

docs/performance.md

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-# Performance
-
-A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
-
-Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
-and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
-
-The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.
-
-## Contenders
-
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.22.10 - Image processing in pure JavaScript.
-* [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
-* [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.25.0 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* [@squoosh/lib](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/lib) v0.5.3 - Image libraries transpiled to WebAssembly, includes GPLv3 code, but "*Project no longer maintained*".
-* [@squoosh/cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/cli) v0.7.3 - Command line wrapper around `@squoosh/lib`, avoids GPLv3 by spawning process, but "*Project no longer maintained*".
-* sharp v0.33.0 / libvips v8.15.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
-
-## Environment
-
-### AMD64
-
-* AWS EC2 us-east-2 [c7a.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7a/) (4x AMD EPYC 9R14)
-* Ubuntu 23.10 [13f233a16be2](https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/ubuntu/23.10/images/sha256-13f233a16be210b57907b98b0d927ceff7571df390701e14fe1f3901b2c4a4d7)
-* Node.js 20.10.0
-
-### ARM64
-
-* AWS EC2 us-east-2 [c7g.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7g/) (4x ARM Graviton3)
-* Ubuntu 23.10 [7708743264cb](https://hub.docker.com/layers/library/ubuntu/23.10/images/sha256-7708743264cbb7f6cf7fc13e915faece45a6cdda455748bc55e58e8de3d27b63)
-* Node.js 20.10.0
-
-## Task: JPEG
-
-Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
-resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
-then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
-
-Note: jimp does not support Lanczos 3, bicubic resampling used instead.
-
-#### Results: JPEG (AMD64)
-
-| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.84 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.54 |      1.8 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    2.24 |      2.7 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |   11.75 |     14.0 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |   12.66 |     15.1 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |   12.72 |     15.1 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   48.31 |     57.5 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   51.42 |     61.2 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   52.41 |     62.4 |
-
-#### Results: JPEG (ARM64)
-
-| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.88 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.18 |      1.3 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.99 |      2.3 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    6.06 |      6.9 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |   10.81 |     12.3 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |   10.95 |     12.4 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   33.15 |     37.7 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   34.99 |     39.8 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   36.05 |     41.0 |
-
-## Task: PNG
-
-Decompress a 2048x1536 RGBA PNG image,
-premultiply the alpha channel,
-resize to 720x540 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
-unpremultiply then compress as PNG with a "default" zlib compression level of 6
-and without adaptive filtering.
-
-Note: jimp does not support premultiply/unpremultiply.
-
-### Results: PNG (AMD64)
-
-| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    0.34 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    0.51 |      1.5 |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    3.59 |     10.6 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.54 |     25.1 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    9.23 |     27.1 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   25.43 |     74.8 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   25.70 |     75.6 |
-
-### Results: PNG (ARM64)
-
-| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    0.33 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    0.46 |      1.4 |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    3.51 |     10.6 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    7.47 |     22.6 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.06 |     24.4 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   17.31 |     52.5 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   17.66 |     53.5 |
-
-## Running the benchmark test
-
-Requires Docker.
-
-```sh
-git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
-cd sharp/test/bench
-./run-with-docker.sh
-```

docs/public/humans.txt

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Name: Brandon Aaron
 GitHub: https://github.com/brandonaaron
 
 Name: Andreas Lind
-GitHub: https://github.com/papandreouGitHub:
+GitHub: https://github.com/papandreou
 
 Name: Maurus Cuelenaere
 GitHub: https://github.com/mcuelenaere
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ GitHub: https://github.com/brahima
 Name: Anton Marsden
 GitHub: https://github.com/antonmarsden
 
-Name:  Marcos Casagrande
+Name: Marcos Casagrande
 GitHub: https://github.com/marcosc90
 
 Name: Emanuel Jöbstl
@@ -284,3 +284,42 @@ GitHub: https://github.com/RReverser
 
 Name: Tamás András Horváth
 GitHub: https://github.com/icetee
+
+Name: Aaron Che
+GitHub: https://github.com/yolopunk
+
+Name: Mert Alev
+GitHub: https://github.com/mertalev
+
+Name: Adriaan Meuris
+GitHub: https://github.com/adriaanmeuris
+
+Name: Richard Hillmann
+GitHub: https://github.com/project0
+
+Name: Pongsatorn Manusopit
+GitHub: https://github.com/ton11797
+
+Name: Nathan Keynes
+GitHub: https://github.com/nkeynes
+
+Name: Sumit D
+GitHub: https://github.com/sumitd2
+
+Name: Caleb Meredith
+GitHub: https://github.com/calebmer
+
+Name: Don Denton
+GitHub: https://github.com/happycollision
+
+Name: Florent Zabera
+GitHub: https://github.com/florentzabera
+
+Name: Quentin Pinçon
+GitHub: https://github.com/qpincon
+
+Name: Hans Chen
+GitHub: https://github.com/hans00
+
+Name: Thibaut Patel
+GitHub: https://github.com/tpatel

docs/public/robots.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+User-agent: *
+Disallow:
+
+Sitemap: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/sitemap-index.xml

docs/public/sharp-logo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="86 86 550 550">
+<!-- Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication -->
+<path fill="none" stroke="#9c0" stroke-width="80" d="M258.411 285.777l200.176-26.8M244.113 466.413L451.44 438.66M451.441 438.66V238.484M451.441 88.363v171.572l178.725-23.917M270.323 255.602V477.22M272.71 634.17V462.591L93.984 486.515"/>
+<path fill="none" stroke="#090" stroke-width="80" d="M451.441 610.246V438.66l178.725-23.91M269.688 112.59v171.58L90.964 308.093"/>
+</svg>

docs/robots.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-User-agent: *
-Disallow:

docs/search-index/build.js

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-'use strict';
-
-const fs = require('fs');
-const path = require('path');
-const { extractDescription, extractKeywords, extractParameters } = require('./extract');
-
-const searchIndex = [];
-
-// Install
-const contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'install.md'), 'utf8');
-const matches = contents.matchAll(
-  /## (?<title>[A-Za-z0-9 ]+)\n\n(?<body>[^#]+)/gs
-);
-for (const match of matches) {
-  const { title, body } = match.groups;
-  const description = extractDescription(body);
-
-  searchIndex.push({
-    t: title,
-    d: description,
-    k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description}`),
-    l: `/install#${title.toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, '-')}`
-  });
-}
-
-// API
-[
-  'constructor',
-  'input',
-  'output',
-  'resize',
-  'composite',
-  'operation',
-  'channel',
-  'colour',
-  'utility'
-].forEach((section) => {
-  const contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', `api-${section}.md`), 'utf8');
-  const matches = contents.matchAll(
-    /## (?<title>[A-Za-z]+)\n[^\n]+\n(?<firstparagraph>.+?)\n\n.+?(?<parameters>\| Param .+?\n\n)?\*\*Example/gs
-  );
-  for (const match of matches) {
-    const { title, firstparagraph, parameters } = match.groups;
-    const description = firstparagraph.startsWith('###')
-      ? 'Constructor'
-      : extractDescription(firstparagraph);
-    const parameterNames = parameters ? extractParameters(parameters) : '';
-
-    searchIndex.push({
-      t: title,
-      d: description,
-      k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description} ${parameterNames}`),
-      l: `/api-${section}#${title.toLowerCase()}`
-    });
-  }
-});
-
-fs.writeFileSync(
-  path.join(__dirname, '..', 'search-index.json'),
-  JSON.stringify(searchIndex)
-);

docs/search-index/extract.js

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-'use strict';
-
-const stopWords = require('./stop-words');
-
-const extractDescription = (str) =>
-  str
-    .replace(/### Examples.*/sg, '')
-    .replace(/\(http[^)]+/g, '')
-    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
-    .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_/\-,. ]/g, '')
-    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
-    .substring(0, 200)
-    .trim();
-
-const extractParameters = (str) =>
-  [...str.matchAll(/options\.(?<name>[^.`\] ]+)/gs)]
-    .map((match) => match.groups.name)
-    .map((name) => name.replace(/([A-Z])/g, ' $1').toLowerCase())
-    .join(' ');
-
-const extractKeywords = (str) =>
-  [
-    ...new Set(
-      str
-        .split(/[ -/]/)
-        .map((word) => word.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, ''))
-        .filter((word) => word.length > 2 && word.length < 15 && !stopWords.includes(word))
-    )
-  ].join(' ');
-
-module.exports = { extractDescription, extractKeywords, extractParameters };

docs/search-index/stop-words.js

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-'use strict';
-
-module.exports = [
-  'about',
-  'after',
-  'all',
-  'allows',
-  'already',
-  'also',
-  'alternative',
-  'always',
-  'and',
-  'any',
-  'are',
-  'available',
-  'based',
-  'been',
-  'before',
-  'best',
-  'both',
-  'call',
-  'callback',
-  'can',
-  'containing',
-  'contains',
-  'created',
-  'current',
-  'date',
-  'default',
-  'does',
-  'each',
-  'either',
-  'ensure',
-  'entirely',
-  'etc',
-  'every',
-  'except',
-  'following',
-  'for',
-  'from',
-  'get',
-  'gets',
-  'given',
-  'has',
-  'have',
-  'how',
-  'image',
-  'implies',
-  'include',
-  'including',
-  'involve',
-  'its',
-  'last',
-  'least',
-  'lots',
-  'make',
-  'may',
-  'more',
-  'most',
-  'much',
-  'must',
-  'non',
-  'not',
-  'now',
-  'occur',
-  'occurs',
-  'one',
-  'options',
-  'other',
-  'out',
-  'over',
-  'part',
-  'perform',
-  'performs',
-  'please',
-  'pre',
-  'previously',
-  'produce',
-  'provide',
-  'provided',
-  'ready',
-  'requires',
-  'requiresharp',
-  'returned',
-  'run',
-  'same',
-  'see',
-  'set',
-  'sets',
-  'sharp',
-  'should',
-  'since',
-  'site',
-  'some',
-  'specified',
-  'spelling',
-  'such',
-  'support',
-  'supported',
-  'sure',
-  'take',
-  'task',
-  'than',
-  'that',
-  'the',
-  'their',
-  'then',
-  'there',
-  'therefore',
-  'these',
-  'this',
-  'under',
-  'unless',
-  'unmaintained',
-  'unsuitable',
-  'until',
-  'use',
-  'used',
-  'using',
-  'value',
-  'values',
-  'via',
-  'were',
-  'when',
-  'which',
-  'while',
-  'will',
-  'with',
-  'without',
-  'you',
-  'your'
-];

docs/src/assets/sharp-logo.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="86 86 550 550">
+<!-- Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication -->
+<path fill="none" stroke="#9c0" stroke-width="80" d="M258.411 285.777l200.176-26.8M244.113 466.413L451.44 438.66M451.441 438.66V238.484M451.441 88.363v171.572l178.725-23.917M270.323 255.602V477.22M272.71 634.17V462.591L93.984 486.515"/>
+<path fill="none" stroke="#090" stroke-width="80" d="M451.441 610.246V438.66l178.725-23.91M269.688 112.59v171.58L90.964 308.093"/>
+</svg>

docs/src/content.config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import { defineCollection } from 'astro:content';
+import { docsLoader } from '@astrojs/starlight/loaders';
+import { docsSchema } from '@astrojs/starlight/schema';
+
+export const collections = {
+	docs: defineCollection({ loader: docsLoader(), schema: docsSchema() }),
+};

docs/src/content/docs/api-channel.md

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/channel.js
+title: Channel manipulation
+---
+
 ## removeAlpha
 > removeAlpha() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
-Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
+Remove alpha channels, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
 
 See also [flatten](/api-operation#flatten).
 

docs/src/content/docs/api-colour.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/colour.js
+title: Colour manipulation
+---
+
 ## tint
 > tint(tint) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -27,9 +32,9 @@ const output = await sharp(input)
 
 Convert to 8-bit greyscale; 256 shades of grey.
 This is a linear operation. If the input image is in a non-linear colour space such as sRGB, use `gamma()` with `greyscale()` for the best results.
-By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) color channels.
+By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) colour channels.
 This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as `toColourspace('b-w')`,
-which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
+which will produce an output image containing one colour channel.
 An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
 
@@ -66,8 +71,6 @@ The input image will be converted to the provided colourspace at the start of th
 All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace,
 as defined by [toColourspace](#tocolourspace).
 
-This feature is experimental and has not yet been fully-tested with all operations.
-
 
 **Throws**:
 

docs/src/content/docs/api-composite.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/composite.js
+title: Compositing images
+---
+
 ## composite
 > composite(images) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -6,8 +11,8 @@ Composite image(s) over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
 The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
 If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
 
-Any resize, rotate or extract operations in the same processing pipeline
-will always be applied to the input image before composition.
+Other operations in the same processing pipeline (e.g. resize, rotate, flip,
+flop, extract) will always be applied to the input image before composition.
 
 The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
 `dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ and https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
 | [images[].input.text.dpi] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified. |
 | [images[].input.text.rgba] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for Pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`. |
 | [images[].input.text.spacing] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified. |
+| [images[].autoOrient] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set to true to use EXIF orientation data, if present, to orient the image. |
 | [images[].blend] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;over&#x27;</code> | how to blend this image with the image below. |
 | [images[].gravity] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;centre&#x27;</code> | gravity at which to place the overlay. |
 | [images[].top] | <code>Number</code> |  | the pixel offset from the top edge. |

docs/src/content/docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/constructor.js
+title: Constructor
+---
+
 ## Sharp
 > Sharp
 
@@ -28,33 +33,34 @@ where the overall height is the `pageHeight` multiplied by the number of `pages`
 
 | Param | Type | Default | Description |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| [input] | <code>Buffer</code> \| <code>ArrayBuffer</code> \| <code>Uint8Array</code> \| <code>Uint8ClampedArray</code> \| <code>Int8Array</code> \| <code>Uint16Array</code> \| <code>Int16Array</code> \| <code>Uint32Array</code> \| <code>Int32Array</code> \| <code>Float32Array</code> \| <code>Float64Array</code> \| <code>string</code> |  | if present, can be  a Buffer / ArrayBuffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present. |
+| [input] | <code>Buffer</code> \| <code>ArrayBuffer</code> \| <code>Uint8Array</code> \| <code>Uint8ClampedArray</code> \| <code>Int8Array</code> \| <code>Uint16Array</code> \| <code>Int16Array</code> \| <code>Uint32Array</code> \| <code>Int32Array</code> \| <code>Float32Array</code> \| <code>Float64Array</code> \| <code>string</code> \| <code>Array</code> |  | if present, can be  a Buffer / ArrayBuffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.  An array of inputs can be provided, and these will be joined together.  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present. |
 | [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | if present, is an Object with optional attributes. |
 | [options.failOn] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;warning&#x27;&quot;</code> | When to abort processing of invalid pixel data, one of (in order of sensitivity, least to most): 'none', 'truncated', 'error', 'warning'. Higher levels imply lower levels. Invalid metadata will always abort. |
 | [options.limitInputPixels] | <code>number</code> \| <code>boolean</code> | <code>268402689</code> | Do not process input images where the number of pixels  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). |
 | [options.unlimited] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (JPEG, PNG, SVG, HEIF). |
+| [options.autoOrient] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set this to `true` to rotate/flip the image to match EXIF `Orientation`, if any. |
 | [options.sequentialRead] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Set this to `false` to use random access rather than sequential read. Some operations will do this automatically. |
 | [options.density] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000. |
 | [options.ignoreIcc] | <code>number</code> | <code>false</code> | should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored. |
 | [options.pages] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages. |
 | [options.page] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based. |
-| [options.subifd] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. |
-| [options.level] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. |
 | [options.animated] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`. |
 | [options.raw] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering. |
 | [options.raw.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
 | [options.raw.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
 | [options.raw.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, between 1 and 4. |
 | [options.raw.premultiplied] | <code>boolean</code> |  | specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`) |
+| [options.raw.pageHeight] | <code>number</code> |  | The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `raw.height`. |
 | [options.create] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new image to be created. |
 | [options.create.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
 | [options.create.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
 | [options.create.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA). |
 | [options.create.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [options.create.pageHeight] | <code>number</code> |  | The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `create.height`. |
 | [options.create.noise] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a noise to be created. |
 | [options.create.noise.type] | <code>string</code> |  | type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported. |
-| [options.create.noise.mean] | <code>number</code> |  | mean of pixels in generated noise. |
-| [options.create.noise.sigma] | <code>number</code> |  | standard deviation of pixels in generated noise. |
+| [options.create.noise.mean] | <code>number</code> | <code>128</code> | Mean value of pixels in the generated noise. |
+| [options.create.noise.sigma] | <code>number</code> | <code>30</code> | Standard deviation of pixel values in the generated noise. |
 | [options.text] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new text image to be created. |
 | [options.text.text] | <code>string</code> |  | text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`. |
 | [options.text.font] | <code>string</code> |  | font name to render with. |
@@ -66,7 +72,25 @@ where the overall height is the `pageHeight` multiplied by the number of `pages`
 | [options.text.dpi] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified. |
 | [options.text.rgba] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`. |
 | [options.text.spacing] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified. |
-| [options.text.wrap] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;word&#x27;&quot;</code> | word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'charWord' (prefer char, fallback to word) or 'none'. |
+| [options.text.wrap] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;word&#x27;&quot;</code> | word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'word-char' (prefer word, fallback to char) or 'none'. |
+| [options.join] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes how an array of input images should be joined. |
+| [options.join.across] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | number of images to join horizontally. |
+| [options.join.animated] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to `true` to join the images as an animated image. |
+| [options.join.shim] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of pixels to insert between joined images. |
+| [options.join.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [options.join.halign] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;left&#x27;&quot;</code> | horizontal alignment style for images joined horizontally (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`). |
+| [options.join.valign] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;top&#x27;&quot;</code> | vertical alignment style for images joined vertically (`'top'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'bottom'`). |
+| [options.tiff] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes TIFF specific options. |
+| [options.tiff.subifd] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | Sub Image File Directory to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. |
+| [options.svg] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes SVG specific options. |
+| [options.svg.stylesheet] | <code>string</code> |  | Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade. |
+| [options.svg.highBitdepth] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA. |
+| [options.pdf] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes PDF specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. |
+| [options.pdf.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [options.openSlide] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes OpenSlide specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide. |
+| [options.openSlide.level] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based. |
+| [options.jp2] | <code>Object</code> |  | Describes JPEG 2000 specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG. |
+| [options.jp2.oneshot] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to decode tiled JPEG 2000 images in a single operation, improving compatibility. |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js
@@ -79,14 +103,16 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
 ```
 **Example**  
 ```js
-// Read image data from readableStream,
+// Read image data from remote URL,
 // resize to 300 pixels wide,
 // emit an 'info' event with calculated dimensions
 // and finally write image data to writableStream
-var transformer = sharp()
+const { body } = fetch('https://...');
+const readableStream = Readable.fromWeb(body);
+const transformer = sharp()
   .resize(300)
-  .on('info', function(info) {
-    console.log('Image height is ' + info.height);
+  .on('info', ({ height }) => {
+    console.log(`Image height is ${height}`);
   });
 readableStream.pipe(transformer).pipe(writableStream);
 ```
@@ -164,6 +190,22 @@ await sharp({
   }
 }).toFile('text_rgba.png');
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Join four input images as a 2x2 grid with a 4 pixel gutter
+const data = await sharp(
+ [image1, image2, image3, image4],
+ { join: { across: 2, shim: 4 } }
+).toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Generate a two-frame animated image from emoji
+const images = ['😀', '😛'].map(text => ({
+  text: { text, width: 64, height: 64, channels: 4, rgba: true }
+}));
+await sharp(images, { join: { animated: true } }).toFile('out.gif');
+```
 
 
 ## clone

docs/src/content/docs/api-input.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/input.js
+title: Input metadata
+---
+
 ## metadata
 > metadata([callback]) ⇒ <code>Promise.&lt;Object&gt;</code> \| <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -22,15 +27,16 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
 - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
 - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
+- `isPalette`: Boolean indicating whether the image is palette-based (GIF, PNG).
+- `bitsPerSample`: Number of bits per sample for each channel (GIF, PNG, HEIF).
 - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
 - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
-- `paletteBitDepth`: Bit depth of palette-based image (GIF, PNG).
 - `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
 - `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
 - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
 - `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
 - `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
-- `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
+- `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images
 - `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
 - `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
 - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
 - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 - `formatMagick`: String containing format for images loaded via *magick
+- `comments`: Array of keyword/text pairs representing PNG text blocks, if present.
 
 
 
@@ -70,15 +77,9 @@ image
 ```
 **Example**  
 ```js
-// Based on EXIF rotation metadata, get the right-side-up width and height:
-
-const size = getNormalSize(await sharp(input).metadata());
-
-function getNormalSize({ width, height, orientation }) {
-  return (orientation || 0) >= 5
-    ? { width: height, height: width }
-    : { width, height };
-}
+// Get dimensions taking EXIF Orientation into account.
+const { autoOrient } = await sharp(input).metadata();
+const { width, height } = autoOrient;
 ```
 
 

docs/src/content/docs/api-operation.md

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/operation.js
+title: Image operations
+---
+
 ## rotate
 > rotate([angle], [options]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
-Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
-or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+Rotate the output image.
 
-If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
+The provided angle is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
 For example, `-450` will produce a 270 degree rotation.
 
 When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90,
 the background colour can be provided with the `background` option.
 
-If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data.
-Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+For backwards compatibility, if no angle is provided, `.autoOrient()` will be called.
 
-The use of `rotate` without an angle will remove the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
+Only one rotation can occur per pipeline (aside from an initial call without
+arguments to orient via EXIF data). Previous calls to `rotate` in the same
+pipeline will be ignored.
 
-Only one rotation can occur per pipeline.
-Previous calls to `rotate` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
+Multi-page images can only be rotated by 180 degrees.
 
 Method order is important when rotating, resizing and/or extracting regions,
 for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract(y).rotate(x)`.
@@ -33,18 +37,6 @@ for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract
 | [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | if present, is an Object with optional attributes. |
 | [options.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;\&quot;#000000\&quot;&quot;</code> | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
 
-**Example**  
-```js
-const pipeline = sharp()
-  .rotate()
-  .resize(null, 200)
-  .toBuffer(function (err, outputBuffer, info) {
-    // outputBuffer contains 200px high JPEG image data,
-    // auto-rotated using EXIF Orientation tag
-    // info.width and info.height contain the dimensions of the resized image
-  });
-readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
-```
 **Example**  
 ```js
 const rotateThenResize = await sharp(input)
@@ -58,6 +50,34 @@ const resizeThenRotate = await sharp(input)
 ```
 
 
+## autoOrient
+> autoOrient() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+
+Auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag, then remove the tag.
+Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+
+Previous or subsequent use of `rotate(angle)` and either `flip()` or `flop()`
+will logically occur after auto-orientation, regardless of call order.
+
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).autoOrient().toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const pipeline = sharp()
+  .autoOrient()
+  .resize(null, 200)
+  .toBuffer(function (err, outputBuffer, info) {
+    // outputBuffer contains 200px high JPEG image data,
+    // auto-oriented using EXIF Orientation tag
+    // info.width and info.height contain the dimensions of the resized image
+  });
+readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+```
+
+
 ## flip
 > flip([flip]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -102,7 +122,7 @@ const output = await sharp(input).flop().toBuffer();
 Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
 
 You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
-By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background color with the `background` option.
+By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background colour with the `background` option.
 A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolators` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolators.nohalo`.
 
 In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
@@ -229,7 +249,7 @@ const output = await sharp(input).median(5).toBuffer();
 
 
 ## blur
-> blur([sigma]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+> blur([options]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
 Blur the image.
 
@@ -243,9 +263,12 @@ When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 - <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
 
-| Param | Type | Description |
-| --- | --- | --- |
-| [sigma] | <code>number</code> | a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`. |
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> \| <code>number</code> \| <code>Boolean</code> |  |  |
+| [options.sigma] | <code>number</code> |  | a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`. |
+| [options.precision] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;integer&#x27;&quot;</code> | How accurate the operation should be, one of: integer, float, approximate. |
+| [options.minAmplitude] | <code>number</code> | <code>0.2</code> | A value between 0.001 and 1. A smaller value will generate a larger, more accurate mask. |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js
@@ -261,6 +284,52 @@ const gaussianBlurred = await sharp(input)
 ```
 
 
+## dilate
+> dilate([width]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+
+Expand foreground objects using the dilate morphological operator.
+
+
+**Throws**:
+
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [width] | <code>Number</code> | <code>1</code> | dilation width in pixels. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .dilate()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+
+## erode
+> erode([width]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+
+Shrink foreground objects using the erode morphological operator.
+
+
+**Throws**:
+
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [width] | <code>Number</code> | <code>1</code> | erosion width in pixels. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .erode()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+
 ## flatten
 > flatten([options]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -578,7 +647,7 @@ Recombine the image with the specified matrix.
 
 | Param | Type | Description |
 | --- | --- | --- |
-| inputMatrix | <code>Array.&lt;Array.&lt;number&gt;&gt;</code> | 3x3 Recombination matrix |
+| inputMatrix | <code>Array.&lt;Array.&lt;number&gt;&gt;</code> | 3x3 or 4x4 Recombination matrix |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js

docs/src/content/docs/api-output.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/output.js
+title: Output options
+---
+
 ## toFile
 > toFile(fileOut, [callback]) ⇒ <code>Promise.&lt;Object&gt;</code>
 
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 | Param | Type | Description |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | fileOut | <code>string</code> | the path to write the image data to. |
-| [callback] | <code>function</code> | called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`. `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`, `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used). When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`. When using the attention crop strategy also contains `attentionX` and `attentionY`, the focal point of the cropped region. May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text. |
+| [callback] | <code>function</code> | called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`. `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`, `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used). When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`. When using the attention crop strategy also contains `attentionX` and `attentionY`, the focal point of the cropped region. Animated output will also contain `pageHeight` and `pages`. May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text. |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js
@@ -59,6 +64,7 @@ See [withMetadata](#withmetadata) for control over this.
 - `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
 `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
 When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+Animated output will also contain `pageHeight` and `pages`.
 May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
@@ -236,6 +242,57 @@ const outputWithP3 = await sharp(input)
 ```
 
 
+## keepXmp
+> keepXmp() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+
+Keep XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
+
+
+**Since**: 0.34.3  
+**Example**  
+```js
+const outputWithXmp = await sharp(inputWithXmp)
+  .keepXmp()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+
+## withXmp
+> withXmp(xmp) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
+
+Set XMP metadata in the output image.
+
+Supported by PNG, JPEG, WebP, and TIFF output.
+
+
+**Throws**:
+
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+**Since**: 0.34.3  
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| xmp | <code>string</code> | String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const xmpString = `
+  <?xml version="1.0"?>
+  <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
+    <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+      <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
+        <dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>John Doe</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator>
+      </rdf:Description>
+    </rdf:RDF>
+  </x:xmpmeta>`;
+
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .withXmp(xmpString)
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+
 ## keepMetadata
 > keepMetadata() ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -367,10 +424,14 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
 
 Use these PNG options for output image.
 
-By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
+By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 bits per pixel.
+
 Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
 
+For 16 bits per pixel output, convert to `rgb16` via
+[toColourspace](/api-colour#tocolourspace).
+
 
 **Throws**:
 
@@ -405,6 +466,14 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .png({ palette: true })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Output 16 bits per pixel RGB(A)
+const data = await sharp(input)
+ .toColourspace('rgb16')
+ .png()
+ .toBuffer();
+```
 
 
 ## webp
@@ -426,6 +495,7 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
 | [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression mode |
 | [options.nearLossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use near_lossless compression mode |
 | [options.smartSubsample] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use high quality chroma subsampling |
+| [options.smartDeblock] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | auto-adjust the deblocking filter, can improve low contrast edges (slow) |
 | [options.preset] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;default&#x27;&quot;</code> | named preset for preprocessing/filtering, one of: default, photo, picture, drawing, icon, text |
 | [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest) |
 | [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
@@ -477,6 +547,7 @@ The palette of the input image will be re-used if possible.
 | [options.dither] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) |
 | [options.interFrameMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32 |
 | [options.interPaletteMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>3</code> | maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256 |
+| [options.keepDuplicateFrames] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them |
 | [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
 | [options.delay] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds) |
 | [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
@@ -605,6 +676,10 @@ sharp('input.svg')
 Use these AVIF options for output image.
 
 AVIF image sequences are not supported.
+Prebuilt binaries support a bitdepth of 8 only.
+
+This feature is experimental on the Windows ARM64 platform
+and requires a CPU with ARM64v8.4 or later.
 
 
 **Throws**:
@@ -620,6 +695,7 @@ AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 | [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
 | [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
 | [options.chromaSubsampling] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;4:4:4&#x27;&quot;</code> | set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling |
+| [options.bitdepth] | <code>number</code> | <code>8</code> | set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js
@@ -658,6 +734,7 @@ globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
 | [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
 | [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
 | [options.chromaSubsampling] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;4:4:4&#x27;&quot;</code> | set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling |
+| [options.bitdepth] | <code>number</code> | <code>8</code> | set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit |
 
 **Example**  
 ```js
@@ -678,8 +755,6 @@ Requires libvips compiled with support for libjxl.
 The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
 [installing a custom libvips](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips).
 
-Image metadata (EXIF, XMP) is unsupported.
-
 
 **Throws**:
 
@@ -694,7 +769,9 @@ Image metadata (EXIF, XMP) is unsupported.
 | [options.quality] | <code>number</code> |  | calculate `distance` based on JPEG-like quality, between 1 and 100, overrides distance if specified |
 | [options.decodingTier] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | target decode speed tier, between 0 (highest quality) and 4 (lowest quality) |
 | [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
-| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>7</code> | CPU effort, between 3 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>7</code> | CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
+| [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
+| [options.delay] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds) |
 
 
 
@@ -745,10 +822,6 @@ Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed arc
 
 The container will be set to `zip` when the output is a Buffer or Stream, otherwise it will default to `fs`.
 
-Requires libvips compiled with support for libgsf.
-The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
-[installing a custom libvips](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips).
-
 
 **Throws**:
 
@@ -763,7 +836,7 @@ The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
 | [options.angle] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. |
 | [options.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;{r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}&quot;</code> | background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency. |
 | [options.depth] | <code>string</code> |  | how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout. |
-| [options.skipBlanks] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images |
+| [options.skipBlanks] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | Threshold to skip tile generation. Range is 0-255 for 8-bit images, 0-65535 for 16-bit images. Default is 5 for `google` layout, -1 (no skip) otherwise. |
 | [options.container] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;fs&#x27;&quot;</code> | tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). |
 | [options.layout] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;dz&#x27;&quot;</code> | filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`. |
 | [options.centre] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | centre image in tile. |

docs/src/content/docs/api-resize.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/resize.js
+title: Resizing images
+---
+
 ## resize
 > resize([width], [height], [options]) ⇒ <code>Sharp</code>
 
@@ -12,7 +17,7 @@ When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the
 
 Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
 
-<img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/api-resize-fit.svg">
+<img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="/api-resize-fit.svg">
 
 When using a **fit** of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
 - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
@@ -21,17 +26,23 @@ When using a **fit** of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centr
 
 Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
 
-The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
+The strategy-based approach initially resizes so one dimension is at its target length
 then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
 - `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29).
 - `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
 
-Possible interpolation kernels are:
+Possible downsizing kernels are:
 - `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation).
+- `linear`: Use a [triangle filter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_function).
 - `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline).
 - `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf).
 - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
 - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
+- `mks2013`: Use a [Magic Kernel Sharp](https://johncostella.com/magic/mks.pdf) 2013 kernel, as adopted by Facebook.
+- `mks2021`: Use a Magic Kernel Sharp 2021 kernel, with more accurate (reduced) sharpening than the 2013 version.
+
+When upsampling, these kernels map to `nearest`, `linear` and `cubic` interpolators.
+Downsampling kernels without a matching upsampling interpolator map to `cubic`.
 
 Only one resize can occur per pipeline.
 Previous calls to `resize` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
@@ -52,7 +63,7 @@ Previous calls to `resize` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
 | [options.fit] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;cover&#x27;</code> | How the image should be resized/cropped to fit the target dimension(s), one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. |
 | [options.position] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;centre&#x27;</code> | A position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. |
 | [options.background] | <code>String</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}</code> | background colour when `fit` is `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency. |
-| [options.kernel] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;lanczos3&#x27;</code> | The kernel to use for image reduction. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load. |
+| [options.kernel] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;lanczos3&#x27;</code> | The kernel to use for image reduction and the inferred interpolator to use for upsampling. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load. |
 | [options.withoutEnlargement] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Do not scale up if the width *or* height are already less than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. This may result in output dimensions smaller than the target dimensions. |
 | [options.withoutReduction] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Do not scale down if the width *or* height are already greater than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. This may still result in a crop to reach the target dimensions. |
 | [options.fastShrinkOnLoad] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern or round-down of an auto-scaled dimension. |

docs/src/content/docs/api-utility.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+# This file was auto-generated from JSDoc in lib/utility.js
+title: Global properties
+---
+
 ## versions
 > versions
 
@@ -108,15 +113,9 @@ Some image format libraries spawn additional threads,
 e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
 and these are independent of the value set here.
 
-The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
-is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
-which defaults to 4.
-
-https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
-
-For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
-4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
-so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.
+:::note
+Further [control over performance](/performance) is available.
+:::
 
 
 **Returns**: <code>number</code> - concurrency  

docs/src/content/docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,8 +1,227 @@
-# Changelog
+---
+title: Changelog
+---
+  
+## v0.34 - *hat*
+
+Requires libvips v8.17.1
+
+### v0.34.3 - TBD
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.17.1 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* Add "Magic Kernel Sharp" (no relation) to resizing kernels.
+
+* Deprecate top-level, format-specific constructor parameters, e.g. `subifd` becomes `tiff.subifd`.
+
+* Expose `stylesheet` and `highBitdepth` SVG input parameters.
+
+* Expose `keepDuplicateFrames` GIF output parameter.
+
+* Add support for RAW digital camera image input. Requires libvips compiled with libraw support.
+
+* Provide XMP metadata as a string, as well as a Buffer, where possible.
+
+* Add `pageHeight` option to `create` and `raw` input for animated images.
+  [#3236](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3236)
+
+* Expose JPEG 2000 `oneshot` decoder option.
+  [#4262](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4262)
+  [@mbklein](https://github.com/mbklein)
+
+* Support composite operation with non-sRGB pipeline colourspace.
+  [#4412](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4412)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Add `keepXmp` and `withXmp` for control over output XMP metadata.
+  [#4416](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4416)
+  [@tpatel](https://github.com/tpatel)
+
+### v0.34.2 - 20th May 2025
+
+* Ensure animated GIF to WebP conversion retains loop (regression in 0.34.0).
+  [#3394](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3394)
+
+* Ensure `pdfBackground` constructor property is used.
+  [#4207](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4207)
+  [#4398](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4398)
+
+* Add experimental support for prebuilt Windows ARM64 binaries.
+  [#4375](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4375)
+  [@hans00](https://github.com/hans00)
+
+* Ensure resizing with a `fit` of `contain` supports multiple alpha channels.
+  [#4382](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4382)
+
+* TypeScript: Ensure `metadata` response more closely matches reality.
+  [#4383](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4383)
+
+* TypeScript: Ensure `smartDeblock` property is included in WebP definition.
+  [#4387](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4387)
+  [@Stephen-X](https://github.com/Stephen-X)
+
+* Ensure support for wide-character filenames on Windows (regression in 0.34.0).
+  [#4391](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4391)
+
+### v0.34.1 - 7th April 2025
+
+* TypeScript: Ensure new `autoOrient` property is optional.
+  [#4362](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4362)
+  [@styfle](https://github.com/styfle)
+
+### v0.34.0 - 4th April 2025
+
+* Breaking: Support array of input images to be joined or animated.
+  [#1580](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1580)
+
+* Breaking: Ensure `removeAlpha` removes all alpha channels.
+  [#2266](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2266)
+
+* Breaking: Non-animated GIF output defaults to no-loop instead of loop-forever.
+  [#3394](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3394)
+
+* Breaking: Support `info.size` on wide-character systems via upgrade to C++17.
+  [#3943](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3943)
+
+* Breaking: Ensure `background` metadata can be parsed by `color` package.
+  [#4090](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4090)
+
+* Add `isPalette` and `bitsPerSample` to metadata, deprecate `paletteBitDepth`.
+
+* Expose WebP `smartDeblock` output option.
+
+* Prevent use of linux-x64 binaries with v1 microarchitecture.
+
+* Add `autoOrient` operation and constructor option.
+  [#4151](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4151)
+  [@happycollision](https://github.com/happycollision)
+
+* TypeScript: Ensure channel counts use the correct range.
+  [#4197](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4197)
+  [@DavidVaness](https://github.com/DavidVaness)
+
+* Improve support for ppc64le architecture.
+  [#4203](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4203)
+  [@sumitd2](https://github.com/sumitd2)
+
+* Add `pdfBackground` constructor property.
+  [#4207](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4207)
+  [@calebmer](https://github.com/calebmer)
+
+* Expose erode and dilate operations.
+  [#4243](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4243)
+  [@qpincon](https://github.com/qpincon)
+
+* Add support for RGBE images. Requires libvips compiled with radiance support.
+  [#4316](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4316)
+  [@florentzabera](https://github.com/florentzabera)
+
+* Allow wide-gamut HEIF output at higher bitdepths.
+  [#4344](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4344)
 
 ## v0.33 - *gauge*
 
-Requires libvips v8.15.0
+Requires libvips v8.15.3
+
+### v0.33.5 - 16th August 2024
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.15.3 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* Add `pageHeight` and `pages` to response of multi-page output.
+  [#3411](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3411)
+
+* Ensure option to force use of a globally-installed libvips works correctly.
+  [#4111](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4111)
+  [@project0](https://github.com/project0)
+
+* Minimise use of `engines` property to improve yarn v1 support.
+  [#4130](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4130)
+
+* Ensure `sharp.format.heif` includes only AVIF when using prebuilt binaries.
+  [#4132](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4132)
+
+* Add support to recomb operation for 4x4 matrices.
+  [#4147](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4147)
+  [@ton11797](https://github.com/ton11797)
+
+* Expose PNG text chunks as `comments` metadata.
+  [#4157](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4157)
+  [@nkeynes](https://github.com/nkeynes)
+
+* Expose optional `precision` and `minAmplitude` parameters of `blur` operation.
+  [#4168](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4168)
+  [#4172](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4172)
+  [@marcosc90](https://github.com/marcosc90)
+
+* Ensure `keepIccProfile` avoids colour transformation where possible.
+  [#4186](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4186)
+
+* TypeScript: `chromaSubsampling` metadata is optional.
+  [#4191](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4191)
+  [@DavidVaness](https://github.com/DavidVaness)
+
+### v0.33.4 - 16th May 2024
+
+* Remove experimental status from `pipelineColourspace`.
+
+* Reduce default concurrency when musl thread over-subscription detected.
+
+* TypeScript: add missing definitions for `OverlayOptions`.
+  [#4048](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4048)
+  [@ike-gg](https://github.com/ike-gg)
+
+* Install: add advanced option to force use of a globally-installed libvips.
+  [#4060](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4060)
+
+* Expose `bilinear` resizing kernel (and interpolator).
+  [#4061](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4061)
+
+* Ensure `extend` operation stays sequential for multi-page TIFF (regression in 0.32.0).
+  [#4069](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4069)
+
+* Tighten validation of constructor `text` integer properties.
+  [#4071](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4071)
+
+* Simplify internal StaySequential logic.
+  [#4074](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4074)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Ensure negate operation occurs after profile conversion.
+  [#4096](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4096)
+  [@adriaanmeuris](https://github.com/adriaanmeuris)
+
+### v0.33.3 - 23rd March 2024
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.15.2 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* Ensure `keepIccProfile` retains P3 and CMYK input profiles.
+  [#3906](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3906)
+  [#4008](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4008)
+
+* Ensure `text.wrap` property can accept `word-char` as value.
+  [#4028](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4028)
+  [@yolopunk](https://github.com/yolopunk)
+
+* Ensure `clone` takes a deep copy of existing options.
+  [#4029](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/4029)
+
+* Add `bitdepth` option to `heif` output (prebuilt binaries support 8-bit only).
+  [#4036](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/4036)
+  [@mertalev](https://github.com/mertalev)
+
+### v0.33.2 - 12th January 2024
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.15.1 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* TypeScript: add definition for `keepMetadata`.
+  [#3914](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3914)
+  [@abhi0498](https://github.com/abhi0498)
+
+* Ensure `extend` operation stays sequential when copying (regression in 0.32.0).
+  [#3928](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3928)
+
+* Improve error handling for unsupported multi-page rotation.
+  [#3940](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3940)
 
 ### v0.33.1 - 17th December 2023
 
@@ -18,7 +237,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.15.0
 
 ### v0.33.0 - 29th November 2023
 
-* Drop support for Node.js 14 and 16, now requires Node.js >= 18.17.0
+* Drop support for Node.js 14 and 16, now requires Node.js ^18.17.0 or >= 20.3.0
 
 * Prebuilt binaries distributed via npm registry and installed via package manager.
 

docs/src/content/docs/index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-# sharp
+---
+title: "High performance Node.js image processing"
+---
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node-API module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
@@ -23,7 +25,11 @@ rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
-### Formats
+```sh
+npm install sharp
+```
+
+## Formats
 
 This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, TIFF and SVG images.
 
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@ Deep Zoom image pyramids can be generated,
 suitable for use with "slippy map" tile viewers like
 [OpenSeadragon](https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon).
 
-### Fast
+## Fast
 
 This module is powered by the blazingly fast
 [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips) image processing library,
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ taking full advantage of multiple CPU cores and L1/L2/L3 cache.
 Everything remains non-blocking thanks to _libuv_,
 no child processes are spawned and Promises/async/await are supported.
 
-### Optimal
+## Optimal
 
 The features of `mozjpeg` and `pngquant` can be used
 to optimise the file size of JPEG and PNG images respectively,
@@ -71,12 +77,12 @@ The file size of animated GIF output is optimised
 without having to use separate command line tools such as
 [gifsicle](https://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/).
 
-### Contributing
+## Contributing
 
 A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-### Licensing
+## Licensing
 
 Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
 

docs/src/content/docs/install.md

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
-# Installation
+---
+title: Installation
+---
 
 Works with your choice of JavaScript package manager.
 
-> ⚠️  **Please ensure your package manager is configured to install optional dependencies**
+:::caution
+Please ensure your package manager is configured to install optional dependencies
+:::
 
 If a package manager lockfile must support multiple platforms,
 please see the [cross-platform](#cross-platform) section
@@ -16,13 +20,12 @@ npm install sharp
 pnpm add sharp
 ```
 
-```sh
-yarn add sharp
-```
+When using `pnpm`, you may need to add `sharp` to
+[ignoredBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/settings#ignoredbuiltdependencies)
+to silence warnings.
 
 ```sh
-# yarn v1 (maintenance mode)
-yarn add sharp --ignore-engines
+yarn add sharp
 ```
 
 ```sh
@@ -35,20 +38,22 @@ deno run --allow-ffi ...
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node-API v9 compatible runtime e.g. Node.js >= 18.17.0
+* Node-API v9 compatible runtime e.g. Node.js ^18.17.0 or >=20.3.0.
 
 ## Prebuilt binaries
 
 Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use on the most common platforms:
 
-* macOS x64 (>= 10.13)
+* macOS x64 (>= 10.15)
 * macOS ARM64
-* Linux ARM (glibc >= 2.28)
+* Linux ARM (glibc >= 2.31)
 * Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.26, musl >= 1.2.2)
-* Linux s390x (glibc >= 2.28)
+* Linux ppc64 (glibc >= 2.31)
+* Linux s390x (glibc >= 2.31)
 * Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.26, musl >= 1.2.2, CPU with SSE4.2)
 * Windows x64
 * Windows x86
+* Windows ARM64 (experimental, CPU with ARMv8.4 required for all features)
 
 This provides support for the
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF (limited to 8-bit depth), TIFF, GIF and SVG (input) image formats.
@@ -61,36 +66,40 @@ for the current OS platform and CPU architecture, where available.
 Some package managers support multiple platforms and architectures
 within the same installation tree and/or using the same lockfile.
 
-### npm
+### npm v10+
 
-> ⚠️ **npm `package-lock.json` files can cause installation problems due to [npm bug #4828](https://github.com/npm/cli/issues/4828)**
+:::caution
+npm `package-lock.json` files shared by multiple platforms can cause installation problems due to [npm bug #4828](https://github.com/npm/cli/issues/4828)
+:::
 
 Provides limited support via `--os`, `--cpu` and `--libc` flags.
 
-Example to support both Intel and ARM CPUs on macOS:
+To support macOS with Intel x64 and ARM64 CPUs:
 ```sh
 npm install --cpu=x64 --os=darwin sharp
 npm install --cpu=arm64 --os=darwin sharp
 ```
 
-Example to support both glibc and musl-based Linux:
+When the cross-target is Linux, the C standard library must be specified.
+
+To support glibc (e.g. Debian) and musl (e.g. Alpine) Linux with Intel x64 CPUs:
 ```sh
-npm install --cpu=x64 --os=linux sharp
+npm install --cpu=x64 --os=linux --libc=glibc sharp
 npm install --cpu=x64 --os=linux --libc=musl sharp
 ```
 
-### yarn
+### yarn v3+
 
 Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://yarnpkg.com/configuration/yarnrc#supportedArchitectures) configuration.
 
-### pnpm
+### pnpm v8+
 
-Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://pnpm.io/package_json#pnpmsupportedarchitectures) configuration.
+Use the [supportedArchitectures](https://pnpm.io/settings#supportedarchitectures) configuration.
 
 ## Custom libvips
 
 To use a custom, globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
-make sure it is at least the version listed under `engines.libvips` in the `package.json` file
+make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
 and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
 
 For help compiling libvips and its dependencies, please see
@@ -103,14 +112,19 @@ and on macOS when running Node.js under Rosetta.
 
 This module will be compiled from source at `npm install` time when:
 
-* a globally-installed libvips is detected (set the `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable to skip this), or
+* a globally-installed libvips is detected, or
 * when the `npm install --build-from-source` flag is used.
 
+The logic to detect a globally-installed libvips can be skipped by setting the
+`SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` (never try to use it) or
+`SHARP_FORCE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` (always try to use it, even when missing or outdated)
+environment variables.
+
 Building from source requires:
 
-* C++11 compiler
-* [node-addon-api](https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-addon-api)
-* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies
+* C++17 compiler
+* [node-addon-api](https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-addon-api) version 7+
+* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) version 9+ and its dependencies
 
 There is an install-time check for these dependencies.
 If `node-addon-api` or `node-gyp` cannot be found, try adding them via:
@@ -119,6 +133,10 @@ If `node-addon-api` or `node-gyp` cannot be found, try adding them via:
 npm install --save node-addon-api node-gyp
 ```
 
+When using `pnpm`, you may need to add `sharp` to
+[onlyBuiltDependencies](https://pnpm.io/settings#onlybuiltdependencies)
+to ensure the installation script can be run.
+
 For cross-compiling, the `--platform`, `--arch` and `--libc` npm flags
 (or the `npm_config_platform`, `npm_config_arch` and `npm_config_libc` environment variables)
 can be used to configure the target environment.
@@ -132,6 +150,8 @@ Use in web browsers is unsupported.
 
 Native text rendering is unsupported.
 
+[Tile-based output](/api-output#tile) is unsupported.
+
 ```sh
 npm install --cpu=wasm32 sharp
 ```
@@ -155,7 +175,7 @@ The default memory allocator on most glibc-based Linux systems
 processes that involve lots of small memory allocations.
 
 For this reason, by default, sharp will limit the use of thread-based
-[concurrency](api-utility#concurrency) when the glibc allocator is
+[concurrency](/api-utility#concurrency) when the glibc allocator is
 detected at runtime.
 
 To help avoid fragmentation and improve performance on these systems,
@@ -173,25 +193,11 @@ must include binaries for either the linux-x64 or linux-arm64 platforms
 depending on the chosen architecture.
 
 When building your deployment package on a machine that differs from the target architecture,
-you will need to install either `@img/sharp-linux-x64` or `@img/sharp-linux-arm64` package.
+see the [cross-platform](#cross-platform) section to help decide which package manager is appropriate
+and how to configure it.
 
-```sh
-npm install --os=linux --cpu=x64 sharp
-```
-
-```sh
-npm install --os=linux --cpu=arm64 sharp
-```
-
-When using npm 9 or earlier, this can be achieved using the following:
-
-```sh
-npm install --force @img/sharp-linux-x64
-```
-
-```sh
-npm install --force @img/sharp-linux-arm64
-```
+Some package managers use symbolic links
+but AWS Lambda does not support these within deployment packages.
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
 A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
@@ -245,6 +251,66 @@ custom:
         - npm install --os=linux --cpu=x64 sharp
 ```
 
+### electron
+
+#### electron-builder
+
+Ensure `sharp` is unpacked from the ASAR archive file using the
+[asarUnpack](https://www.electron.build/app-builder-lib.interface.platformspecificbuildoptions#asarunpack)
+option.
+
+```json
+{
+  "build": {
+    "asar": true,
+    "asarUnpack": [
+      "**/node_modules/sharp/**/*",
+      "**/node_modules/@img/**/*"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### electron-forge
+
+Ensure `sharp` is unpacked from the ASAR archive file using the
+[unpack](https://js.electronforge.io/interfaces/_electron_forge_maker_squirrel.InternalOptions.Options.html#asar)
+option.
+
+```json
+{
+  "packagerConfig": {
+    "asar": {
+      "unpack": "**/node_modules/{sharp,@img}/**/*"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+When using `electron-forge` with [Webpack](#webpack),
+you may also need to add
+[forge-externals-plugin](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@timfish/forge-externals-plugin).
+
+### vite
+
+Ensure `sharp` is excluded from bundling via the
+[build.rollupOptions](https://vitejs.dev/config/build-options.html)
+configuration.
+
+```js
+import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  build: {
+    rollupOptions: {
+      external: [
+        "sharp"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+});
+```
+
 ## TypeScript
 
 TypeScript definitions are published as part of

docs/src/content/docs/performance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+---
+title: Performance
+---
+
+## Parallelism and concurrency
+
+Node.js uses a libuv-managed thread pool when processing asynchronous calls to native modules such as sharp.
+
+The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel is controlled by libuv's
+[`UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE`](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize)
+environment variable, which defaults to 4.
+
+When using more than 4 physical CPU cores, set this environment variable
+before the Node.js process starts to increase the thread pool size.
+
+```sh
+export UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE="$(lscpu -p | egrep -v "^#" | sort -u -t, -k 2,4 | wc -l)"
+```
+
+libvips uses a glib-managed thread pool to avoid the overhead of spawning new threads.
+
+The default number of threads used to concurrently process each image is the same as the number of CPU cores,
+except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc, where the default is `1` to help reduce memory fragmentation.
+
+Use [`sharp.concurrency()`](/api-utility/#concurrency) to manage the number of threads per image.
+
+To reduce memory fragmentation when using the default Linux glibc memory allocator, set the
+[`MALLOC_ARENA_MAX`](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Memory-Allocation-Tunables.html)
+environment variable before the Node.js process starts to reduce the number of memory pools.
+
+```sh
+export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX="2"
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
+
+Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
+and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
+
+The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.
+
+### Contenders
+
+- [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v1.6.0 - Image processing in pure JavaScript.
+- [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "_has been unmaintained for a long time_".
+- [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.25.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility, but "_has been sunset_".
+- sharp v0.34.3 / libvips v8.17.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+
+### Environment
+
+#### AMD64
+
+- AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c7a.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7a/) (4x AMD EPYC 9R14)
+- Ubuntu 25.04
+- Node.js 24.3.0
+
+#### ARM64
+
+- AWS EC2 us-west-2 [c8g.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c8g/) (4x ARM Graviton4)
+- Ubuntu 25.04
+- Node.js 24.3.0
+
+### Task: JPEG
+
+Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
+resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
+then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
+
+Note: jimp does not support Lanczos 3, bicubic resampling used instead.
+
+#### Results: JPEG (AMD64)
+
+| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp        | buffer |    2.40 |      1.0 |
+| jimp        | file   |    2.60 |      1.1 |
+| imagemagick | file   |    9.70 |      4.0 |
+| gm          | buffer |   11.60 |      4.8 |
+| gm          | file   |   11.72 |      4.9 |
+| sharp       | stream |   59.40 |     24.8 |
+| sharp       | file   |   62.67 |     26.1 |
+| sharp       | buffer |   64.42 |     26.8 |
+
+#### Results: JPEG (ARM64)
+
+| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp        | buffer |    2.24 |      1.0 |
+| jimp        | file   |    2.47 |      1.1 |
+| imagemagick | file   |   10.42 |      4.7 |
+| gm          | buffer |   12.80 |      5.7 |
+| gm          | file   |   12.88 |      5.7 |
+| sharp       | stream |   45.58 |     20.3 |
+| sharp       | file   |   47.99 |     21.4 |
+| sharp       | buffer |   49.20 |     22.0 |
+
+### Task: PNG
+
+Decompress a 2048x1536 RGBA PNG image,
+premultiply the alpha channel,
+resize to 720x540 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
+unpremultiply then compress as PNG with a "default" zlib compression level of 6
+and without adaptive filtering.
+
+Note: jimp does not support premultiply/unpremultiply.
+
+#### Results: PNG (AMD64)
+
+| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| imagemagick | file   |    6.06 |      1.0 |
+| gm          | file   |    8.44 |      1.4 |
+| jimp        | buffer |   10.98 |      1.8 |
+| sharp       | file   |   28.26 |      4.7 |
+| sharp       | buffer |   28.70 |      4.7 |
+
+#### Results: PNG (ARM64)
+
+| Package     | I/O    | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :---------- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| imagemagick | file   |    7.09 |      1.0 |
+| gm          | file   |    8.93 |      1.3 |
+| jimp        | buffer |   10.28 |      1.5 |
+| sharp       | file   |   23.81 |      3.4 |
+| sharp       | buffer |   24.19 |      3.4 |
+
+## Running the benchmark test
+
+Requires Docker.
+
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
+cd sharp/test/bench
+./run-with-docker.sh
+```

docs/src/styles/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+@view-transition {
+  navigation: auto;
+}
+
+:root {
+  --sl-content-width: 60rem;
+  --sl-color-accent-low: #072d00;
+  --sl-color-accent: #247f00;
+  --sl-color-accent-high: #aad7a0;
+  --sl-color-white: #ffffff;
+  --sl-color-gray-1: #eaf0e8;
+  --sl-color-gray-2: #c5cdc3;
+  --sl-color-gray-3: #99a796;
+  --sl-color-gray-4: #4f5c4d;
+  --sl-color-gray-5: #303c2d;
+  --sl-color-gray-6: #1f2a1c;
+  --sl-color-black: #151a13;
+}
+
+:root[data-theme="light"] {
+  --sl-color-accent-low: #c0e2b8;
+  --sl-color-accent: #165800;
+  --sl-color-accent-high: #0d3e00;
+  --sl-color-white: #151a13;
+  --sl-color-gray-1: #1f2a1c;
+  --sl-color-gray-2: #303c2d;
+  --sl-color-gray-3: #4f5c4d;
+  --sl-color-gray-4: #82907f;
+  --sl-color-gray-5: #bdc4bb;
+  --sl-color-gray-6: #eaf0e8;
+  --sl-color-gray-7: #f4f7f3;
+  --sl-color-black: #ffffff;
+}
+
+blockquote {
+  background-color: var(--sl-color-gray-6);
+  padding: 1rem;
+}
+
+.site-title::after {
+  content: "High performance Node.js image processing";
+  color: var(--sl-color-text);
+  font-size: var(--sl-text-sm);
+  padding-top: 0.3rem;
+}

docs/tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "extends": "astro/tsconfigs/strict",
+  "include": [".astro/types.d.ts", "**/*"],
+  "exclude": ["dist"]
+}

install/check.js

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ try {
     log(msg);
     log('Attempting to build from source via node-gyp');
     try {
-      require('node-addon-api');
-      log('Found node-addon-api');
+      const addonApi = require('node-addon-api');
+      log(`Found node-addon-api ${addonApi.version || ''}`);
     } catch (err) {
       log('Please add node-addon-api to your dependencies');
       return;
     }
     try {
       const gyp = require('node-gyp');
-      log(`Found node-gyp version ${gyp().version}`);
+      log(`Found node-gyp ${gyp().version}`);
     } catch (err) {
       log('Please add node-gyp to your dependencies');
       return;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ try {
     }
   };
 
-  if (useGlobalLibvips()) {
+  if (useGlobalLibvips(log)) {
     buildFromSource(`Detected globally-installed libvips v${globalLibvipsVersion()}`);
   } else if (process.env.npm_config_build_from_source) {
     buildFromSource('Detected --build-from-source flag');

lib/channel.js

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const bool = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
+ * Remove alpha channels, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
  *
  * See also {@link /api-operation#flatten|flatten}.
  *
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ function bandbool (boolOp) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with channel-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {

lib/colour.js

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ function tint (tint) {
 /**
  * Convert to 8-bit greyscale; 256 shades of grey.
  * This is a linear operation. If the input image is in a non-linear colour space such as sRGB, use `gamma()` with `greyscale()` for the best results.
- * By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) color channels.
+ * By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) colour channels.
  * This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as `toColourspace('b-w')`,
- * which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
+ * which will produce an output image containing one colour channel.
  * An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
  *
  * @example
@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
  * All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace,
  * as defined by {@link #tocolourspace|toColourspace}.
  *
- * This feature is experimental and has not yet been fully-tested with all operations.
- *
  * @since 0.29.0
  *
  * @example
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ function pipelineColourspace (colourspace) {
   if (!is.string(colourspace)) {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('colourspace', 'string', colourspace);
   }
-  this.options.colourspaceInput = colourspace;
+  this.options.colourspacePipeline = colourspace;
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -136,6 +134,26 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
   return this.toColourspace(colorspace);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Create a RGBA colour array from a given value.
+ * @private
+ * @param {string|Object} value
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid value
+ */
+function _getBackgroundColourOption (value) {
+  if (is.object(value) || is.string(value)) {
+    const colour = color(value);
+    return [
+      colour.red(),
+      colour.green(),
+      colour.blue(),
+      Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
+    ];
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('background', 'object or string', value);
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
@@ -145,22 +163,13 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
  */
 function _setBackgroundColourOption (key, value) {
   if (is.defined(value)) {
-    if (is.object(value) || is.string(value)) {
-      const colour = color(value);
-      this.options[key] = [
-        colour.red(),
-        colour.green(),
-        colour.blue(),
-        Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
-      ];
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('background', 'object or string', value);
-    }
+    this.options[key] = _getBackgroundColourOption(value);
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with colour-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
@@ -174,6 +183,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toColourspace,
     toColorspace,
     // Private
+    _getBackgroundColourOption,
     _setBackgroundColourOption
   });
   // Class attributes

lib/composite.js

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ const blend = {
  * The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
  * If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
  *
- * Any resize, rotate or extract operations in the same processing pipeline
- * will always be applied to the input image before composition.
+ * Other operations in the same processing pipeline (e.g. resize, rotate, flip,
+ * flop, extract) will always be applied to the input image before composition.
  *
  * The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
  * `dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {number} [images[].input.text.dpi=72] - the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified.
  * @param {boolean} [images[].input.text.rgba=false] - set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for Pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`.
  * @param {number} [images[].input.text.spacing=0] - text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified.
+ * @param {Boolean} [images[].autoOrient=false] - set to true to use EXIF orientation data, if present, to orient the image.
  * @param {String} [images[].blend='over'] - how to blend this image with the image below.
  * @param {String} [images[].gravity='centre'] - gravity at which to place the overlay.
  * @param {Number} [images[].top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ function composite (images) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with composite-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {

lib/constructor.js

@@ -40,14 +40,16 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *   });
  *
  * @example
- * // Read image data from readableStream,
+ * // Read image data from remote URL,
  * // resize to 300 pixels wide,
  * // emit an 'info' event with calculated dimensions
  * // and finally write image data to writableStream
- * var transformer = sharp()
+ * const { body } = fetch('https://...');
+ * const readableStream = Readable.fromWeb(body);
+ * const transformer = sharp()
  *   .resize(300)
- *   .on('info', function(info) {
- *     console.log('Image height is ' + info.height);
+ *   .on('info', ({ height }) => {
+ *     console.log(`Image height is ${height}`);
  *   });
  * readableStream.pipe(transformer).pipe(writableStream);
  *
@@ -119,10 +121,25 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *   }
  * }).toFile('text_rgba.png');
  *
- * @param {(Buffer|ArrayBuffer|Uint8Array|Uint8ClampedArray|Int8Array|Uint16Array|Int16Array|Uint32Array|Int32Array|Float32Array|Float64Array|string)} [input] - if present, can be
+ * @example
+ * // Join four input images as a 2x2 grid with a 4 pixel gutter
+ * const data = await sharp(
+ *  [image1, image2, image3, image4],
+ *  { join: { across: 2, shim: 4 } }
+ * ).toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Generate a two-frame animated image from emoji
+ * const images = ['😀', '😛'].map(text => ({
+ *   text: { text, width: 64, height: 64, channels: 4, rgba: true }
+ * }));
+ * await sharp(images, { join: { animated: true } }).toFile('out.gif');
+ *
+ * @param {(Buffer|ArrayBuffer|Uint8Array|Uint8ClampedArray|Int8Array|Uint16Array|Int16Array|Uint32Array|Int32Array|Float32Array|Float64Array|string|Array)} [input] - if present, can be
  *  a Buffer / ArrayBuffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
  *  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or
  *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+ *  An array of inputs can be provided, and these will be joined together.
  *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
  * @param {string} [options.failOn='warning'] - When to abort processing of invalid pixel data, one of (in order of sensitivity, least to most): 'none', 'truncated', 'error', 'warning'. Higher levels imply lower levels. Invalid metadata will always abort.
@@ -130,13 +147,12 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
  *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
  * @param {boolean} [options.unlimited=false] - Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (JPEG, PNG, SVG, HEIF).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.autoOrient=false] - Set this to `true` to rotate/flip the image to match EXIF `Orientation`, if any.
  * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=true] - Set this to `false` to use random access rather than sequential read. Some operations will do this automatically.
  * @param {number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000.
  * @param {number} [options.ignoreIcc=false] - should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored.
  * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages.
  * @param {number} [options.page=0] - Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based.
- * @param {number} [options.subifd=-1] - subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
- * @param {number} [options.level=0] - level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based.
  * @param {boolean} [options.animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`.
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
  * @param {number} [options.raw.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
@@ -144,15 +160,17 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * @param {number} [options.raw.channels] - integral number of channels, between 1 and 4.
  * @param {boolean} [options.raw.premultiplied] - specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`
  *  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`)
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.pageHeight] - The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `raw.height`.
  * @param {Object} [options.create] - describes a new image to be created.
  * @param {number} [options.create.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
  * @param {number} [options.create.height] - integral number of pixels high.
  * @param {number} [options.create.channels] - integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA).
  * @param {string|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.pageHeight] - The pixel height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of `create.height`.
  * @param {Object} [options.create.noise] - describes a noise to be created.
  * @param {string} [options.create.noise.type] - type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
- * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean] - mean of pixels in generated noise.
- * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma] - standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean=128] - Mean value of pixels in the generated noise.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma=30] - Standard deviation of pixel values in the generated noise.
  * @param {Object} [options.text] - describes a new text image to be created.
  * @param {string} [options.text.text] - text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`.
  * @param {string} [options.text.font] - font name to render with.
@@ -164,7 +182,25 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * @param {number} [options.text.dpi=72] - the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified.
  * @param {boolean} [options.text.rgba=false] - set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`.
  * @param {number} [options.text.spacing=0] - text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified.
- * @param {string} [options.text.wrap='word'] - word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'charWord' (prefer char, fallback to word) or 'none'.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.wrap='word'] - word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'word-char' (prefer word, fallback to char) or 'none'.
+ * @param {Object} [options.join] - describes how an array of input images should be joined.
+ * @param {number} [options.join.across=1] - number of images to join horizontally.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.join.animated=false] - set this to `true` to join the images as an animated image.
+ * @param {number} [options.join.shim=0] - number of pixels to insert between joined images.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.join.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {string} [options.join.halign='left'] - horizontal alignment style for images joined horizontally (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`).
+ * @param {string} [options.join.valign='top'] - vertical alignment style for images joined vertically (`'top'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'bottom'`).
+ * @param {Object} [options.tiff] - Describes TIFF specific options.
+ * @param {number} [options.tiff.subifd=-1] - Sub Image File Directory to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
+ * @param {Object} [options.svg] - Describes SVG specific options.
+ * @param {string} [options.svg.stylesheet] - Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.svg.highBitdepth=false] - Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA.
+ * @param {Object} [options.pdf] - Describes PDF specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.pdf.background] - Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {Object} [options.openSlide] - Describes OpenSlide specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide.
+ * @param {number} [options.openSlide.level=0] - Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based.
+ * @param {Object} [options.jp2] - Describes JPEG 2000 specific options. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.jp2.oneshot=false] - Set to `true` to decode tiled JPEG 2000 images in a single operation, improving compatibility.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -191,7 +227,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     canvas: 'crop',
     position: 0,
     resizeBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
-    useExifOrientation: false,
     angle: 0,
     rotationAngle: 0,
     rotationBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
@@ -224,6 +259,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     negateAlpha: true,
     medianSize: 0,
     blurSigma: 0,
+    precision: 'integer',
+    minAmpl: 0.2,
     sharpenSigma: 0,
     sharpenM1: 1,
     sharpenM2: 2,
@@ -235,6 +272,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     trimBackground: [],
     trimThreshold: -1,
     trimLineArt: false,
+    dilateWidth: 0,
+    erodeWidth: 0,
     gamma: 0,
     gammaOut: 0,
     greyscale: false,
@@ -255,7 +294,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     removeAlpha: false,
     ensureAlpha: -1,
     colourspace: 'srgb',
-    colourspaceInput: 'last',
+    colourspacePipeline: 'last',
     composite: [],
     // output
     fileOut: '',
@@ -267,7 +306,10 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     withIccProfile: '',
     withExif: {},
     withExifMerge: true,
+    withXmp: '',
     resolveWithObject: false,
+    loop: -1,
+    delay: [],
     // output format
     jpegQuality: 80,
     jpegProgressive: false,
@@ -295,6 +337,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     webpLossless: false,
     webpNearLossless: false,
     webpSmartSubsample: false,
+    webpSmartDeblock: false,
     webpPreset: 'default',
     webpEffort: 4,
     webpMinSize: false,
@@ -304,6 +347,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     gifDither: 1,
     gifInterFrameMaxError: 0,
     gifInterPaletteMaxError: 3,
+    gifKeepDuplicateFrames: false,
     gifReuse: true,
     gifProgressive: false,
     tiffQuality: 80,
@@ -323,6 +367,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     heifCompression: 'av1',
     heifEffort: 4,
     heifChromaSubsampling: '4:4:4',
+    heifBitdepth: 8,
     jxlDistance: 1,
     jxlDecodingTier: 0,
     jxlEffort: 7,
@@ -343,6 +388,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     timeoutSeconds: 0,
     linearA: [],
     linearB: [],
+    pdfBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
     debuglog: warning => {
       this.emit('warning', warning);
@@ -423,13 +469,16 @@ Object.setPrototypeOf(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
 function clone () {
   // Clone existing options
   const clone = this.constructor.call();
-  clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  const { debuglog, queueListener, ...options } = this.options;
+  clone.options = structuredClone(options);
+  clone.options.debuglog = debuglog;
+  clone.options.queueListener = queueListener;
   // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
   if (this._isStreamInput()) {
     this.on('finish', () => {
       // Clone inherits input data
       this._flattenBufferIn();
-      clone.options.bufferIn = this.options.bufferIn;
+      clone.options.input.buffer = this.options.input.buffer;
       clone.emit('finish');
     });
   }
@@ -439,6 +488,7 @@ Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, { clone });
 
 /**
  * Export constructor.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = Sharp;

lib/index.d.ts

@@ -40,19 +40,7 @@ import { Duplex } from 'stream';
  */
 declare function sharp(options?: sharp.SharpOptions): sharp.Sharp;
 declare function sharp(
-    input?:
-        | Buffer
-        | ArrayBuffer
-        | Uint8Array
-        | Uint8ClampedArray
-        | Int8Array
-        | Uint16Array
-        | Int16Array
-        | Uint32Array
-        | Int32Array
-        | Float32Array
-        | Float64Array
-        | string,
+    input?: sharp.SharpInput | Array<sharp.SharpInput>,
     options?: sharp.SharpOptions,
 ): sharp.Sharp;
 
@@ -62,33 +50,35 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
     /** An Object containing the version numbers of sharp, libvips and its dependencies. */
     const versions: {
-        vips: string;
+        aom?: string | undefined;
+        archive?: string | undefined;
         cairo?: string | undefined;
-        croco?: string | undefined;
+        cgif?: string | undefined;
         exif?: string | undefined;
         expat?: string | undefined;
         ffi?: string | undefined;
         fontconfig?: string | undefined;
         freetype?: string | undefined;
-        gdkpixbuf?: string | undefined;
-        gif?: string | undefined;
+        fribidi?: string | undefined;
         glib?: string | undefined;
-        gsf?: string | undefined;
         harfbuzz?: string | undefined;
-        jpeg?: string | undefined;
+        heif?: string | undefined;
+        highway?: string | undefined;
+        imagequant?: string | undefined;
         lcms?: string | undefined;
-        orc?: string | undefined;
+        mozjpeg?: string | undefined;
         pango?: string | undefined;
         pixman?: string | undefined;
         png?: string | undefined;
-        sharp?: string | undefined;
-        svg?: string | undefined;
+        "proxy-libintl"?: string | undefined;
+        rsvg?: string | undefined;
+        sharp: string;
+        spng?: string | undefined;
         tiff?: string | undefined;
+        vips: string;
         webp?: string | undefined;
-        avif?: string | undefined;
-        heif?: string | undefined;
         xml?: string | undefined;
-        zlib?: string | undefined;
+        "zlib-ng"?: string | undefined;
     };
 
     /** An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values */
@@ -244,14 +234,14 @@ declare namespace sharp {
          * @param tint Parsed by the color module.
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
          */
-        tint(tint: Color): Sharp;
+        tint(tint: Colour | Color): Sharp;
 
         /**
          * Convert to 8-bit greyscale; 256 shades of grey.
          * This is a linear operation.
          * If the input image is in a non-linear colour space such as sRGB, use gamma() with greyscale() for the best results.
-         * By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) color channels.
-         * This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as toColourspace('b-w'), which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
+         * By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) colour channels.
+         * This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as toColourspace('b-w'), which will produce an output image containing one colour channel.
          * An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
          * @param greyscale true to enable and false to disable (defaults to true)
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
@@ -341,6 +331,12 @@ declare namespace sharp {
          */
         metadata(): Promise<Metadata>;
 
+        /**
+         * Keep all metadata (EXIF, ICC, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
+         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
+         */
+        keepMetadata(): Sharp;
+
         /**
          * Access to pixel-derived image statistics for every channel in the image.
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
@@ -358,24 +354,72 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         //#region Operation functions
 
         /**
-         * Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle or auto-orient based on the EXIF Orientation tag.
+         * Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
+         * or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
          *
-         * If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation. For example, -450 will produce a 270deg rotation.
+         * If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
+         * For example, `-450` will produce a 270 degree rotation.
          *
-         * When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90, the background colour can be provided with the background option.
+         * When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90,
+         * the background colour can be provided with the `background` option.
          *
-         * If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data. Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+         * If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data.
+         * Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
          *
-         * The use of rotate implies the removal of the EXIF Orientation tag, if any.
+         * The use of `rotate` without an angle will remove the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
          *
-         * Method order is important when both rotating and extracting regions, for example rotate(x).extract(y) will produce a different result to extract(y).rotate(x).
-         * @param angle angle of rotation. (optional, default auto)
-         * @param options if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+         * Only one rotation can occur per pipeline (aside from an initial call without
+         * arguments to orient via EXIF data). Previous calls to `rotate` in the same
+         * pipeline will be ignored.
+         *
+         * Multi-page images can only be rotated by 180 degrees.
+         *
+         * Method order is important when rotating, resizing and/or extracting regions,
+         * for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract(y).rotate(x)`.
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const pipeline = sharp()
+         *   .rotate()
+         *   .resize(null, 200)
+         *   .toBuffer(function (err, outputBuffer, info) {
+         *     // outputBuffer contains 200px high JPEG image data,
+         *     // auto-rotated using EXIF Orientation tag
+         *     // info.width and info.height contain the dimensions of the resized image
+         *   });
+         * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const rotateThenResize = await sharp(input)
+         *   .rotate(90)
+         *   .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+         *   .toBuffer();
+         * const resizeThenRotate = await sharp(input)
+         *   .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+         *   .rotate(90)
+         *   .toBuffer();
+         *
+         * @param {number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
+         * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+         * @param {string|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+         * @returns {Sharp}
          * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
-         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
          */
         rotate(angle?: number, options?: RotateOptions): Sharp;
 
+        /**
+         * Alias for calling `rotate()` with no arguments, which orients the image based
+         * on EXIF orientsion.
+         *
+         * This operation is aliased to emphasize its purpose, helping to remove any
+         * confusion between rotation and orientation.
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const output = await sharp(input).autoOrient().toBuffer();
+         *
+         * @returns {Sharp}
+         */
+        autoOrient(): Sharp
+
         /**
          * Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
          * The use of flip implies the removal of the EXIF Orientation tag, if any.
@@ -395,7 +439,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /**
          * Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
          * You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
-         * By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background color with the `background` option.
+         * By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background colour with the `background` option.
          * A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolators` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolators.nohalo`.
          *
          * In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
@@ -458,7 +502,23 @@ declare namespace sharp {
          * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
          */
-        blur(sigma?: number | boolean): Sharp;
+        blur(sigma?: number | boolean | BlurOptions): Sharp;
+
+        /**
+         * Expand foreground objects using the dilate morphological operator.
+         * @param {Number} [width=1] dilation width in pixels.
+         * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
+         */
+        dilate(width?: number): Sharp;
+
+        /**
+         * Shrink foreground objects using the erode morphological operator.
+         * @param {Number} [width=1] erosion width in pixels.
+         * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
+         */
+        erode(width?: number): Sharp;
 
         /**
          * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with background.
@@ -565,11 +625,11 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
         /**
          * Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
-         * @param inputMatrix 3x3 Recombination matrix
+         * @param inputMatrix 3x3 Recombination matrix or 4x4 Recombination matrix
          * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
          */
-        recomb(inputMatrix: Matrix3x3): Sharp;
+        recomb(inputMatrix: Matrix3x3 | Matrix4x4): Sharp;
 
         /**
          * Transforms the image using brightness, saturation, hue rotation and lightness.
@@ -670,6 +730,20 @@ declare namespace sharp {
          */
         withIccProfile(icc: string, options?: WithIccProfileOptions): Sharp;
 
+        /**
+         * Keep all XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
+         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
+         */
+        keepXmp(): Sharp;
+
+        /**
+         * Set XMP metadata in the output image.
+         * @param {string} xmp - String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image.
+         * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
+         * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+         */
+        withXmp(xmp: string): Sharp;
+
         /**
          * Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
          * The default behaviour, when withMetadata is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
@@ -793,8 +867,6 @@ declare namespace sharp {
          * Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
          * Set the format and options for tile images via the toFormat, jpeg, png or webp functions.
          * Use a .zip or .szi file extension with toFile to write to a compressed archive file format.
-         *
-         * Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose a possible race condition in some versions of libgsf.
          * @param tile tile options
          * @throws {Error} Invalid options
          * @returns A sharp instance that can be used to chain operations
@@ -893,7 +965,27 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         //#endregion
     }
 
+    type SharpInput = Buffer
+        | ArrayBuffer
+        | Uint8Array
+        | Uint8ClampedArray
+        | Int8Array
+        | Uint16Array
+        | Int16Array
+        | Uint32Array
+        | Int32Array
+        | Float32Array
+        | Float64Array
+        | string;
+
     interface SharpOptions {
+        /**
+         * Auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if present.
+         * Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+         *
+         * Using this option will remove the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
+         */
+        autoOrient?: boolean | undefined;
         /**
          *  When to abort processing of invalid pixel data, one of (in order of sensitivity):
          *  'none' (least), 'truncated', 'error' or 'warning' (most), highers level imply lower levels, invalid metadata will always abort. (optional, default 'warning')
@@ -925,9 +1017,21 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         pages?: number | undefined;
         /** Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default 0) */
         page?: number | undefined;
-        /** subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. (optional, default -1) */
+        /** TIFF specific input options */
+        tiff?: TiffInputOptions | undefined;
+        /** SVG specific input options */
+        svg?: SvgInputOptions | undefined;
+        /** PDF specific input options */
+        pdf?: PdfInputOptions | undefined;
+        /** OpenSlide specific input options */
+        openSlide?: OpenSlideInputOptions | undefined;
+        /** JPEG 2000 specific input options */
+        jp2?: Jp2InputOptions | undefined;
+        /** Deprecated: use tiff.subifd instead */
         subifd?: number | undefined;
-        /** Level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. (optional, default 0) */
+        /** Deprecated: use pdf.background instead */
+        pdfBackground?: Colour | Color | undefined;
+        /** Deprecated: use openSlide.level instead */
         level?: number | undefined;
         /** Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`). (optional, default false) */
         animated?: boolean | undefined;
@@ -937,6 +1041,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         create?: Create | undefined;
         /** Describes a new text image to be created. */
         text?: CreateText | undefined;
+        /** Describes how array of input images should be joined. */
+        join?: Join | undefined;
     }
 
     interface CacheOptions {
@@ -963,25 +1069,32 @@ declare namespace sharp {
     interface Raw {
         width: number;
         height: number;
-        channels: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
+        channels: Channels;
     }
 
     interface CreateRaw extends Raw {
         /** Specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to true to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default false) */
         premultiplied?: boolean | undefined;
+        /** The height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of the overall image height. */
+        pageHeight?: number | undefined;
     }
 
+    type CreateChannels = 3 | 4;
+
     interface Create {
         /** Number of pixels wide. */
         width: number;
         /** Number of pixels high. */
         height: number;
-        /** Number of bands e.g. 3 for RGB, 4 for RGBA */
-        channels: Channels;
+        /** Number of bands, 3 for RGB, 4 for RGBA */
+        channels: CreateChannels;
         /** Parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. */
-        background: Color;
+        background: Colour | Color;
         /** Describes a noise to be created. */
         noise?: Noise | undefined;
+        /** The height of each page/frame for animated images, must be an integral factor of the overall image height. */
+        pageHeight?: number | undefined;
+
     }
 
     interface CreateText {
@@ -1011,10 +1124,52 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         rgba?: boolean;
         /** Text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified. (optional, default `0`) */
         spacing?: number;
-        /** Word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'charWord' (prefer char, fallback to word) or 'none' */
+        /** Word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'word-char' (prefer word, fallback to char) or 'none' */
         wrap?: TextWrap;
     }
 
+    interface Join {
+        /** Number of images per row. */
+        across?: number | undefined;
+        /** Treat input as frames of an animated image. */
+        animated?: boolean | undefined;
+        /** Space between images, in pixels. */
+        shim?: number | undefined;
+        /** Background colour. */
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
+        /** Horizontal alignment. */
+        halign?: HorizontalAlignment | undefined;
+        /** Vertical alignment. */
+        valign?: VerticalAlignment | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface TiffInputOptions {
+        /** Sub Image File Directory to extract, defaults to main image. Use -1 for all subifds. */
+        subifd?: number | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface SvgInputOptions {
+        /** Custom CSS for SVG input, applied with a User Origin during the CSS cascade. */
+        stylesheet?: string | undefined;
+        /** Set to `true` to render SVG input at 32-bits per channel (128-bit) instead of 8-bits per channel (32-bit) RGBA. */
+        highBitdepth?: boolean | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface PdfInputOptions {
+        /** Background colour to use when PDF is partially transparent. Requires the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for PDFium, Poppler, ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick. */
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface OpenSlideInputOptions {
+        /** Level to extract from a multi-level input, zero based. (optional, default 0) */
+        level?: number | undefined;
+    }
+
+    interface Jp2InputOptions {
+        /** Set to `true` to load JPEG 2000 images using [oneshot mode](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/issues/4205) */
+        oneshot?: boolean | undefined;
+    }
+
     interface ExifDir {
         [k: string]: string;
     }
@@ -1047,25 +1202,36 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /** Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present */
         orientation?: number | undefined;
         /** Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. jpeg, png, webp, gif, svg */
-        format?: keyof FormatEnum | undefined;
+        format: keyof FormatEnum;
         /** Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only */
         size?: number | undefined;
         /** Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration) */
-        width?: number | undefined;
+        width: number;
         /** Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration) */
-        height?: number | undefined;
+        height: number;
+        /** Any changed metadata after the image orientation is applied. */
+        autoOrient: {
+            /** Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is taken into consideration) */
+            width: number;
+            /** Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is taken into consideration) */
+            height: number;
+        };
         /** Name of colour space interpretation */
-        space?: keyof ColourspaceEnum | undefined;
+        space: keyof ColourspaceEnum;
         /** Number of bands e.g. 3 for sRGB, 4 for CMYK */
-        channels?: Channels | undefined;
+        channels: Channels;
         /** Name of pixel depth format e.g. uchar, char, ushort, float ... */
-        depth?: string | undefined;
+        depth: keyof DepthEnum;
         /** Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present */
         density?: number | undefined;
         /** String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, 4:2:0 or 4:4:4 for RGB, 4:2:0:4 or 4:4:4:4 for CMYK */
-        chromaSubsampling: string;
+        chromaSubsampling?: string | undefined;
         /** Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan */
-        isProgressive?: boolean | undefined;
+        isProgressive: boolean;
+        /** Boolean indicating whether the image is palette-based (GIF, PNG). */
+        isPalette: boolean;
+        /** Number of bits per sample for each channel (GIF, PNG). */
+        bitsPerSample?: number | undefined;
         /** Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP */
         pages?: number | undefined;
         /** Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be. */
@@ -1077,9 +1243,9 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /**  Number of the primary page in a HEIF image */
         pagePrimary?: number | undefined;
         /** Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile */
-        hasProfile?: boolean | undefined;
+        hasProfile: boolean;
         /** Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel */
-        hasAlpha?: boolean | undefined;
+        hasAlpha: boolean;
         /** Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present */
         exif?: Buffer | undefined;
         /** Buffer containing raw ICC profile data, if present */
@@ -1088,12 +1254,14 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         iptc?: Buffer | undefined;
         /** Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present */
         xmp?: Buffer | undefined;
+        /** String containing XMP data, if valid UTF-8 */
+        xmpAsString?: string | undefined;
         /** Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present */
         tifftagPhotoshop?: Buffer | undefined;
         /** The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC) */
         compression?: 'av1' | 'hevc';
-        /** Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value */
-        background?: { r: number; g: number; b: number } | number;
+        /** Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images */
+        background?: { r: number; g: number; b: number } | { gray: number };
         /** Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide */
         levels?: LevelMetadata[] | undefined;
         /** Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image */
@@ -1102,6 +1270,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         resolutionUnit?: 'inch' | 'cm' | undefined;
         /** String containing format for images loaded via *magick */
         formatMagick?: string | undefined;
+        /** Array of keyword/text pairs representing PNG text blocks, if present. */
+        comments?: CommentsMetadata[] | undefined;
     }
 
     interface LevelMetadata {
@@ -1109,6 +1279,11 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         height: number;
     }
 
+    interface CommentsMetadata {
+        keyword: string;
+        text: string;
+    }
+
     interface Stats {
         /** Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. */
         channels: ChannelStats[];
@@ -1219,6 +1394,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         nearLossless?: boolean | undefined;
         /** Use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default false) */
         smartSubsample?: boolean | undefined;
+        /** Auto-adjust the deblocking filter, slow but can improve low contrast edges (optional, default false) */
+        smartDeblock?: boolean | undefined;
         /** Level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default 4) */
         effort?: number | undefined;
         /** Prevent use of animation key frames to minimise file size (slow) (optional, default false) */
@@ -1238,6 +1415,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         effort?: number | undefined;
         /** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling, requires libvips v8.11.0 (optional, default '4:4:4') */
         chromaSubsampling?: string | undefined;
+        /** Set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit (optional, default 8) */
+        bitdepth?: 8 | 10 | 12 | undefined;
     }
 
     interface HeifOptions extends OutputOptions {
@@ -1251,6 +1430,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         effort?: number | undefined;
         /** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default '4:4:4') */
         chromaSubsampling?: string | undefined;
+        /** Set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit (optional, default 8) */
+        bitdepth?: 8 | 10 | 12 | undefined;
     }
 
     interface GifOptions extends OutputOptions, AnimationOptions {
@@ -1267,9 +1448,11 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /** Level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) (optional, default 1.0) */
         dither?: number | undefined;
         /** Maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32 (optional, default 0) */
-        interFrameMaxError?: number;
+        interFrameMaxError?: number | undefined;
         /** Maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256 (optional, default 3) */
-        interPaletteMaxError?: number;
+        interPaletteMaxError?: number | undefined;
+        /** Keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them (optional, default false) */
+        keepDuplicateFrames?: boolean | undefined;
     }
 
     interface TiffOptions extends OutputOptions {
@@ -1322,12 +1505,23 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
     interface RotateOptions {
         /** parsed by the color module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default "#000000") */
-        background?: Color | undefined;
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
+    }
+
+    type Precision = 'integer' | 'float' | 'approximate';
+
+    interface BlurOptions {
+        /** A value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2` */
+        sigma: number;
+        /** A value between 0.001 and 1. A smaller value will generate a larger, more accurate mask. */
+        minAmplitude?: number;
+        /** How accurate the operation should be, one of: integer, float, approximate. (optional, default "integer") */
+        precision?: Precision | undefined;
     }
 
     interface FlattenOptions {
         /** background colour, parsed by the color module, defaults to black. (optional, default {r:0,g:0,b:0}) */
-        background?: Color | undefined;
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
     }
 
     interface NegateOptions {
@@ -1352,7 +1546,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /** Position, gravity or strategy to use when fit is cover or contain. (optional, default 'centre') */
         position?: number | string | undefined;
         /** Background colour when using a fit of contain, parsed by the color module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default {r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}) */
-        background?: Color | undefined;
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
         /** The kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default 'lanczos3') */
         kernel?: keyof KernelEnum | undefined;
         /** Do not enlarge if the width or height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's > geometry option. (optional, default false) */
@@ -1376,7 +1570,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
     interface Noise {
         /** type of generated noise, currently only gaussian is supported. */
-        type?: 'gaussian' | undefined;
+        type: 'gaussian';
         /** mean of pixels in generated noise. */
         mean?: number | undefined;
         /** standard deviation of pixels in generated noise. */
@@ -1395,14 +1589,14 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /** single pixel count to right edge (optional, default 0) */
         right?: number | undefined;
         /** background colour, parsed by the color module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default {r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}) */
-        background?: Color | undefined;
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
         /** how the extension is done, one of: "background", "copy", "repeat", "mirror" (optional, default `'background'`) */
         extendWith?: ExtendWith | undefined;
     }
 
     interface TrimOptions {
         /** Background colour, parsed by the color module, defaults to that of the top-left pixel. (optional) */
-        background?: Color | undefined;
+        background?: Colour | Color | undefined;
         /** Allowed difference from the above colour, a positive number. (optional, default 10) */
         threshold?: number | undefined;
         /** Does the input more closely resemble line art (e.g. vector) rather than being photographic? (optional, default false) */
@@ -1413,8 +1607,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         depth?: 'char' | 'uchar' | 'short' | 'ushort' | 'int' | 'uint' | 'float' | 'complex' | 'double' | 'dpcomplex';
     }
 
-    /** 3 for sRGB, 4 for CMYK */
-    type Channels = 3 | 4;
+    /** 1 for grayscale, 2 for grayscale + alpha, 3 for sRGB, 4 for CMYK or RGBA */
+    type Channels = 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
 
     interface RGBA {
         r?: number | undefined;
@@ -1423,7 +1617,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         alpha?: number | undefined;
     }
 
-    type Color = string | RGBA;
+    type Colour = string | RGBA;
+    type Color = Colour;
 
     interface Kernel {
         /** width of the kernel in pixels. */
@@ -1469,6 +1664,16 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         tile?: boolean | undefined;
         /** Set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the --premultiplied vips option. */
         premultiplied?: boolean | undefined;
+        /** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default 72)*/
+        density?: number | undefined;
+        /** Set to true to read all frames/pages of an animated image. (optional, default false) */
+        animated?: boolean | undefined;
+        /** see sharp() constructor, (optional, default 'warning') */
+        failOn?: FailOnOptions | undefined;
+        /** see sharp() constructor, (optional, default 268402689) */
+        limitInputPixels?: number | boolean | undefined;
+        /** see sharp() constructor, (optional, default false) */
+        autoOrient?: boolean | undefined;
     }
 
     interface TileOptions {
@@ -1540,7 +1745,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         size: number;
         width: number;
         height: number;
-        channels: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
+        channels: Channels;
         /** indicating if premultiplication was used */
         premultiplied: boolean;
         /** Only defined when using a crop strategy */
@@ -1556,6 +1761,10 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         /** When using the attention crop strategy, the focal point of the cropped region */
         attentionX?: number | undefined;
         attentionY?: number | undefined;
+        /** Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP */
+        pages?: number | undefined;
+        /** Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be. */
+        pageHeight?: number | undefined;
     }
 
     interface AvailableFormatInfo {
@@ -1578,6 +1787,8 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         mitchell: 'mitchell';
         lanczos2: 'lanczos2';
         lanczos3: 'lanczos3';
+        mks2013: 'mks2013';
+        mks2021: 'mks2021';
     }
 
     interface PresetEnum {
@@ -1596,18 +1807,49 @@ declare namespace sharp {
     }
 
     interface ColourspaceEnum {
-        multiband: string;
         'b-w': string;
-        bw: string;
+        cmc: string;
         cmyk: string;
+        fourier: string;
+        grey16: string;
+        histogram: string;
+        hsv: string;
+        lab: string;
+        labq: string;
+        labs: string;
+        lch: string;
+        matrix: string;
+        multiband: string;
+        rgb: string;
+        rgb16: string;
+        scrgb: string;
         srgb: string;
+        xyz: string;
+        yxy: string;
+    }
+
+    interface DepthEnum {
+        char: string;
+        complex: string;
+        double: string;
+        dpcomplex: string;
+        float: string;
+        int: string;
+        short: string;
+        uchar: string;
+        uint: string;
+        ushort: string;
     }
 
     type FailOnOptions = 'none' | 'truncated' | 'error' | 'warning';
 
     type TextAlign = 'left' | 'centre' | 'center' | 'right';
 
-    type TextWrap = 'word' | 'char' | 'charWord' | 'none';
+    type TextWrap = 'word' | 'char' | 'word-char' | 'none';
+
+    type HorizontalAlignment = 'left' | 'centre' | 'center' | 'right';
+
+    type VerticalAlignment = 'top' | 'centre' | 'center' | 'bottom';
 
     type TileContainer = 'fs' | 'zip';
 
@@ -1664,7 +1906,9 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
     interface FormatEnum {
         avif: AvailableFormatInfo;
+        dcraw: AvailableFormatInfo;
         dz: AvailableFormatInfo;
+        exr: AvailableFormatInfo;
         fits: AvailableFormatInfo;
         gif: AvailableFormatInfo;
         heif: AvailableFormatInfo;
@@ -1678,6 +1922,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
         pdf: AvailableFormatInfo;
         png: AvailableFormatInfo;
         ppm: AvailableFormatInfo;
+        rad: AvailableFormatInfo;
         raw: AvailableFormatInfo;
         svg: AvailableFormatInfo;
         tiff: AvailableFormatInfo;
@@ -1712,6 +1957,7 @@ declare namespace sharp {
 
     type Matrix2x2 = [[number, number], [number, number]];
     type Matrix3x3 = [[number, number, number], [number, number, number], [number, number, number]];
+    type Matrix4x4 = [[number, number, number, number], [number, number, number, number], [number, number, number, number], [number, number, number, number]];
 }
 
 export = sharp;

lib/input.js

@@ -3,30 +3,46 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('./sharp');
 
 /**
- * Justication alignment
+ * Justification alignment
  * @member
  * @private
  */
 const align = {
   left: 'low',
+  top: 'low',
+  low: 'low',
   center: 'centre',
   centre: 'centre',
-  right: 'high'
+  right: 'high',
+  bottom: 'high',
+  high: 'high'
 };
 
+const inputStreamParameters = [
+  // Limits and error handling
+  'failOn', 'limitInputPixels', 'unlimited',
+  // Format-generic
+  'animated', 'autoOrient', 'density', 'ignoreIcc', 'page', 'pages', 'sequentialRead',
+  // Format-specific
+  'jp2', 'openSlide', 'pdf', 'raw', 'svg', 'tiff',
+  // Deprecated
+  'failOnError', 'openSlideLevel', 'pdfBackground', 'tiffSubifd'
+];
+
 /**
  * Extract input options, if any, from an object.
  * @private
  */
 function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
-  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
-  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
-    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
+  const params = inputStreamParameters
+    .filter(p => is.defined(obj[p]))
+    .map(p => ([p, obj[p]]));
+  return params.length
+    ? Object.fromEntries(params)
     : undefined;
 }
 
@@ -36,6 +52,7 @@ function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
  */
 function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   const inputDescriptor = {
+    autoOrient: false,
     failOn: 'warning',
     limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
     ignoreIcc: false,
@@ -71,6 +88,18 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   } else if (!is.defined(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
     // Stream without options
     inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
+  } else if (Array.isArray(input)) {
+    if (input.length > 1) {
+      // Join images together
+      if (!this.options.joining) {
+        this.options.joining = true;
+        this.options.join = input.map(i => this._createInputDescriptor(i));
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Recursive join is unsupported');
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Expected at least two images to join');
+    }
   } else {
     throw new Error(`Unsupported input '${input}' of type ${typeof input}${
       is.defined(inputOptions) ? ` when also providing options of type ${typeof inputOptions}` : ''
@@ -93,6 +122,14 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('failOn', 'one of: none, truncated, error, warning', inputOptions.failOn);
       }
     }
+    // autoOrient
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.autoOrient)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.autoOrient)) {
+        inputDescriptor.autoOrient = inputOptions.autoOrient;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('autoOrient', 'boolean', inputOptions.autoOrient);
+      }
+    }
     // Density
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.density)) {
       if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 100000)) {
@@ -148,8 +185,6 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         inputDescriptor.rawWidth = inputOptions.raw.width;
         inputDescriptor.rawHeight = inputOptions.raw.height;
         inputDescriptor.rawChannels = inputOptions.raw.channels;
-        inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = !!inputOptions.raw.premultiplied;
-
         switch (input.constructor) {
           case Uint8Array:
           case Uint8ClampedArray:
@@ -183,6 +218,25 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       } else {
         throw new Error('Expected width, height and channels for raw pixel input');
       }
+      inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = false;
+      if (is.defined(inputOptions.raw.premultiplied)) {
+        if (is.bool(inputOptions.raw.premultiplied)) {
+          inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = inputOptions.raw.premultiplied;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('raw.premultiplied', 'boolean', inputOptions.raw.premultiplied);
+        }
+      }
+      inputDescriptor.rawPageHeight = 0;
+      if (is.defined(inputOptions.raw.pageHeight)) {
+        if (is.integer(inputOptions.raw.pageHeight) && inputOptions.raw.pageHeight > 0 && inputOptions.raw.pageHeight <= inputOptions.raw.height) {
+          if (inputOptions.raw.height % inputOptions.raw.pageHeight !== 0) {
+            throw new Error(`Expected raw.height ${inputOptions.raw.height} to be a multiple of raw.pageHeight ${inputOptions.raw.pageHeight}`);
+          }
+          inputDescriptor.rawPageHeight = inputOptions.raw.pageHeight;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('raw.pageHeight', 'positive integer', inputOptions.raw.pageHeight);
+        }
+      }
     }
     // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.animated)) {
@@ -206,22 +260,68 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
       }
     }
-    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
-    if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
+    // OpenSlide specific options
+    if (is.object(inputOptions.openSlide) && is.defined(inputOptions.openSlide.level)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.openSlide.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.openSlide.level, 0, 256)) {
+        inputDescriptor.openSlideLevel = inputOptions.openSlide.level;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('openSlide.level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.openSlide.level);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
+      // Deprecated
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.level, 0, 256)) {
-        inputDescriptor.level = inputOptions.level;
+        inputDescriptor.openSlideLevel = inputOptions.level;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.level);
       }
     }
-    // Sub Image File Directory (TIFF)
-    if (is.defined(inputOptions.subifd)) {
+    // TIFF specific options
+    if (is.object(inputOptions.tiff) && is.defined(inputOptions.tiff.subifd)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.tiff.subifd) && is.inRange(inputOptions.tiff.subifd, -1, 100000)) {
+        inputDescriptor.tiffSubifd = inputOptions.tiff.subifd;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tiff.subifd', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.tiff.subifd);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.subifd)) {
+      // Deprecated
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.subifd) && is.inRange(inputOptions.subifd, -1, 100000)) {
-        inputDescriptor.subifd = inputOptions.subifd;
+        inputDescriptor.tiffSubifd = inputOptions.subifd;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('subifd', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.subifd);
       }
     }
+    // SVG specific options
+    if (is.object(inputOptions.svg)) {
+      if (is.defined(inputOptions.svg.stylesheet)) {
+        if (is.string(inputOptions.svg.stylesheet)) {
+          inputDescriptor.svgStylesheet = inputOptions.svg.stylesheet;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('svg.stylesheet', 'string', inputOptions.svg.stylesheet);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth)) {
+        if (is.bool(inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth)) {
+          inputDescriptor.svgHighBitdepth = inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('svg.highBitdepth', 'boolean', inputOptions.svg.highBitdepth);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // PDF specific options
+    if (is.object(inputOptions.pdf) && is.defined(inputOptions.pdf.background)) {
+      inputDescriptor.pdfBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.pdf.background);
+    } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.pdfBackground)) {
+      // Deprecated
+      inputDescriptor.pdfBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.pdfBackground);
+    }
+    // JPEG 2000 specific options
+    if (is.object(inputOptions.jp2) && is.defined(inputOptions.jp2.oneshot)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.jp2.oneshot)) {
+        inputDescriptor.jp2Oneshot = inputOptions.jp2.oneshot;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('jp2.oneshot', 'boolean', inputOptions.jp2.oneshot);
+      }
+    }
     // Create new image
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.create)) {
       if (
@@ -233,39 +333,50 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         inputDescriptor.createWidth = inputOptions.create.width;
         inputDescriptor.createHeight = inputOptions.create.height;
         inputDescriptor.createChannels = inputOptions.create.channels;
+        inputDescriptor.createPageHeight = 0;
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.pageHeight)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.create.pageHeight) && inputOptions.create.pageHeight > 0 && inputOptions.create.pageHeight <= inputOptions.create.height) {
+            if (inputOptions.create.height % inputOptions.create.pageHeight !== 0) {
+              throw new Error(`Expected create.height ${inputOptions.create.height} to be a multiple of create.pageHeight ${inputOptions.create.pageHeight}`);
+            }
+            inputDescriptor.createPageHeight = inputOptions.create.pageHeight;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.pageHeight', 'positive integer', inputOptions.create.pageHeight);
+          }
+        }
         // Noise
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
           if (!is.object(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
             throw new Error('Expected noise to be an object');
           }
-          if (!is.inArray(inputOptions.create.noise.type, ['gaussian'])) {
+          if (inputOptions.create.noise.type !== 'gaussian') {
             throw new Error('Only gaussian noise is supported at the moment');
           }
+          inputDescriptor.createNoiseType = inputOptions.create.noise.type;
           if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 1, 4)) {
             throw is.invalidParameterError('create.channels', 'number between 1 and 4', inputOptions.create.channels);
           }
-          inputDescriptor.createNoiseType = inputOptions.create.noise.type;
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.mean) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.mean, 0, 10000)) {
-            inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = inputOptions.create.noise.mean;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.mean', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.mean);
+          inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = 128;
+          if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise.mean)) {
+            if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.mean) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.mean, 0, 10000)) {
+              inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = inputOptions.create.noise.mean;
+            } else {
+              throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.mean', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.mean);
+            }
           }
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma, 0, 10000)) {
-            inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = inputOptions.create.noise.sigma;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.sigma', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.sigma);
+          inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = 30;
+          if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma)) {
+            if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma, 0, 10000)) {
+              inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = inputOptions.create.noise.sigma;
+            } else {
+              throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.sigma', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.sigma);
+            }
           }
         } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.background)) {
           if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 3, 4)) {
             throw is.invalidParameterError('create.channels', 'number between 3 and 4', inputOptions.create.channels);
           }
-          const background = color(inputOptions.create.background);
-          inputDescriptor.createBackground = [
-            background.red(),
-            background.green(),
-            background.blue(),
-            Math.round(background.alpha() * 255)
-          ];
+          inputDescriptor.createBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.create.background);
         } else {
           throw new Error('Expected valid noise or background to create a new input image');
         }
@@ -296,17 +407,17 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.width)) {
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.width)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.text.width) && inputOptions.text.width > 0) {
             inputDescriptor.textWidth = inputOptions.text.width;
           } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.textWidth', 'number', inputOptions.text.width);
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.width', 'positive integer', inputOptions.text.width);
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.height)) {
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.height)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.text.height) && inputOptions.text.height > 0) {
             inputDescriptor.textHeight = inputOptions.text.height;
           } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.height', 'number', inputOptions.text.height);
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.height', 'positive integer', inputOptions.text.height);
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.align)) {
@@ -324,10 +435,10 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.dpi)) {
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.dpi) && is.inRange(inputOptions.text.dpi, 1, 100000)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.text.dpi) && is.inRange(inputOptions.text.dpi, 1, 1000000)) {
             inputDescriptor.textDpi = inputOptions.text.dpi;
           } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.dpi', 'number between 1 and 100000', inputOptions.text.dpi);
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.dpi', 'integer between 1 and 1000000', inputOptions.text.dpi);
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.rgba)) {
@@ -338,17 +449,17 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.spacing)) {
-          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.spacing)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.text.spacing) && is.inRange(inputOptions.text.spacing, -1000000, 1000000)) {
             inputDescriptor.textSpacing = inputOptions.text.spacing;
           } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.spacing', 'number', inputOptions.text.spacing);
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.spacing', 'integer between -1000000 and 1000000', inputOptions.text.spacing);
           }
         }
         if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.wrap)) {
-          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.wrap) && is.inArray(inputOptions.text.wrap, ['word', 'char', 'wordChar', 'none'])) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.wrap) && is.inArray(inputOptions.text.wrap, ['word', 'char', 'word-char', 'none'])) {
             inputDescriptor.textWrap = inputOptions.text.wrap;
           } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.wrap', 'one of: word, char, wordChar, none', inputOptions.text.wrap);
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.wrap', 'one of: word, char, word-char, none', inputOptions.text.wrap);
           }
         }
         delete inputDescriptor.buffer;
@@ -356,6 +467,51 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw new Error('Expected a valid string to create an image with text.');
       }
     }
+    // Join images together
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.join)) {
+      if (is.defined(this.options.join)) {
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.animated)) {
+          if (is.bool(inputOptions.join.animated)) {
+            inputDescriptor.joinAnimated = inputOptions.join.animated;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('join.animated', 'boolean', inputOptions.join.animated);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.across)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.join.across) && is.inRange(inputOptions.join.across, 1, 1000000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.joinAcross = inputOptions.join.across;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('join.across', 'integer between 1 and 100000', inputOptions.join.across);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.shim)) {
+          if (is.integer(inputOptions.join.shim) && is.inRange(inputOptions.join.shim, 0, 1000000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.joinShim = inputOptions.join.shim;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('join.shim', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.join.shim);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.background)) {
+          inputDescriptor.joinBackground = this._getBackgroundColourOption(inputOptions.join.background);
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.halign)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.join.halign) && is.string(this.constructor.align[inputOptions.join.halign])) {
+            inputDescriptor.joinHalign = this.constructor.align[inputOptions.join.halign];
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('join.halign', 'valid alignment', inputOptions.join.halign);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.join.valign)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.join.valign) && is.string(this.constructor.align[inputOptions.join.valign])) {
+            inputDescriptor.joinValign = this.constructor.align[inputOptions.join.valign];
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('join.valign', 'valid alignment', inputOptions.join.valign);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Expected input to be an array of images to join');
+      }
+    }
   } else if (is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     throw new Error('Invalid input options ' + inputOptions);
   }
@@ -430,15 +586,16 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
  * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
  * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
+ * - `isPalette`: Boolean indicating whether the image is palette-based (GIF, PNG).
+ * - `bitsPerSample`: Number of bits per sample for each channel (GIF, PNG, HEIF).
  * - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
  * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
- * - `paletteBitDepth`: Bit depth of palette-based image (GIF, PNG).
  * - `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
  * - `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
  * - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
  * - `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
  * - `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
- * - `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
+ * - `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images
  * - `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
  * - `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
@@ -448,8 +605,10 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
  * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
  * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+ * - `xmpAsString`: String containing XMP data, if valid UTF-8.
  * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
  * - `formatMagick`: String containing format for images loaded via *magick
+ * - `comments`: Array of keyword/text pairs representing PNG text blocks, if present.
  *
  * @example
  * const metadata = await sharp(input).metadata();
@@ -469,15 +628,9 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  *   });
  *
  * @example
- * // Based on EXIF rotation metadata, get the right-side-up width and height:
- *
- * const size = getNormalSize(await sharp(input).metadata());
- *
- * function getNormalSize({ width, height, orientation }) {
- *   return (orientation || 0) >= 5
- *     ? { width: height, height: width }
- *     : { width, height };
- * }
+ * // Get dimensions taking EXIF Orientation into account.
+ * const { autoOrient } = await sharp(input).metadata();
+ * const { width, height } = autoOrient;
  *
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
  * @returns {Promise<Object>|Sharp}
@@ -638,6 +791,7 @@ function stats (callback) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with input-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {

lib/libvips.js

@@ -7,19 +7,20 @@ const { spawnSync } = require('node:child_process');
 const { createHash } = require('node:crypto');
 const semverCoerce = require('semver/functions/coerce');
 const semverGreaterThanOrEqualTo = require('semver/functions/gte');
+const semverSatisfies = require('semver/functions/satisfies');
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
 
-const { engines, optionalDependencies } = require('../package.json');
+const { config, engines, optionalDependencies } = require('../package.json');
 
 const minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled = process.env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
-  engines.libvips;
+  config.libvips;
 const minimumLibvipsVersion = semverCoerce(minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled).version;
 
 const prebuiltPlatforms = [
   'darwin-arm64', 'darwin-x64',
-  'linux-arm', 'linux-arm64', 'linux-s390x', 'linux-x64',
+  'linux-arm', 'linux-arm64', 'linux-ppc64', 'linux-s390x', 'linux-x64',
   'linuxmusl-arm64', 'linuxmusl-x64',
-  'win32-ia32', 'win32-x64'
+  'win32-arm64', 'win32-ia32', 'win32-x64'
 ];
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
@@ -83,6 +84,15 @@ const buildSharpLibvipsLibDir = () => {
   return '';
 };
 
+const isUnsupportedNodeRuntime = () => {
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  if (process.release?.name === 'node' && process.versions) {
+    if (!semverSatisfies(process.versions.node, engines.node)) {
+      return { found: process.versions.node, expected: engines.node };
+    }
+  }
+};
+
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 const isEmscripten = () => {
   const { CC } = process.env;
@@ -103,7 +113,9 @@ const sha512 = (s) => createHash('sha512').update(s).digest('hex');
 const yarnLocator = () => {
   try {
     const identHash = sha512(`imgsharp-libvips-${buildPlatformArch()}`);
-    const npmVersion = semverCoerce(optionalDependencies[`@img/sharp-libvips-${buildPlatformArch()}`]).version;
+    const npmVersion = semverCoerce(optionalDependencies[`@img/sharp-libvips-${buildPlatformArch()}`], {
+      includePrerelease: true
+    }).version;
     return sha512(`${identHash}npm:${npmVersion}`).slice(0, 10);
   } catch {}
   return '';
@@ -152,15 +164,23 @@ const pkgConfigPath = () => {
   }
 };
 
-const useGlobalLibvips = () => {
+const skipSearch = (status, reason, logger) => {
+  if (logger) {
+    logger(`Detected ${reason}, skipping search for globally-installed libvips`);
+  }
+  return status;
+};
+
+const useGlobalLibvips = (logger) => {
   if (Boolean(process.env.SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS) === true) {
-    log('Detected SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS, skipping search for globally-installed libvips');
-    return false;
+    return skipSearch(false, 'SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS', logger);
+  }
+  if (Boolean(process.env.SHARP_FORCE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS) === true) {
+    return skipSearch(true, 'SHARP_FORCE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS', logger);
   }
   /* istanbul ignore next */
   if (isRosetta()) {
-    log('Detected Rosetta, skipping search for globally-installed libvips');
-    return false;
+    return skipSearch(false, 'Rosetta', logger);
   }
   const globalVipsVersion = globalLibvipsVersion();
   return !!globalVipsVersion && /* istanbul ignore next */
@@ -174,6 +194,7 @@ module.exports = {
   buildSharpLibvipsIncludeDir,
   buildSharpLibvipsCPlusPlusDir,
   buildSharpLibvipsLibDir,
+  isUnsupportedNodeRuntime,
   runtimePlatformArch,
   log,
   yarnLocator,

lib/operation.js

@@ -3,42 +3,40 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
- * Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
- * or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * How accurate an operation should be.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const vipsPrecision = {
+  integer: 'integer',
+  float: 'float',
+  approximate: 'approximate'
+};
+
+/**
+ * Rotate the output image.
  *
- * If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
+ * The provided angle is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
  * For example, `-450` will produce a 270 degree rotation.
  *
  * When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90,
  * the background colour can be provided with the `background` option.
  *
- * If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data.
- * Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+ * For backwards compatibility, if no angle is provided, `.autoOrient()` will be called.
  *
- * The use of `rotate` without an angle will remove the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
+ * Only one rotation can occur per pipeline (aside from an initial call without
+ * arguments to orient via EXIF data). Previous calls to `rotate` in the same
+ * pipeline will be ignored.
  *
- * Only one rotation can occur per pipeline.
- * Previous calls to `rotate` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
+ * Multi-page images can only be rotated by 180 degrees.
  *
  * Method order is important when rotating, resizing and/or extracting regions,
  * for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract(y).rotate(x)`.
  *
  * @example
- * const pipeline = sharp()
- *   .rotate()
- *   .resize(null, 200)
- *   .toBuffer(function (err, outputBuffer, info) {
- *     // outputBuffer contains 200px high JPEG image data,
- *     // auto-rotated using EXIF Orientation tag
- *     // info.width and info.height contain the dimensions of the resized image
- *   });
- * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
- *
- * @example
  * const rotateThenResize = await sharp(input)
  *   .rotate(90)
  *   .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
@@ -55,23 +53,20 @@ const is = require('./is');
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function rotate (angle, options) {
-  if (this.options.useExifOrientation || this.options.angle || this.options.rotationAngle) {
-    this.options.debuglog('ignoring previous rotate options');
-  }
   if (!is.defined(angle)) {
-    this.options.useExifOrientation = true;
-  } else if (is.integer(angle) && !(angle % 90)) {
+    return this.autoOrient();
+  }
+  if (this.options.angle || this.options.rotationAngle) {
+    this.options.debuglog('ignoring previous rotate options');
+    this.options.angle = 0;
+    this.options.rotationAngle = 0;
+  }
+  if (is.integer(angle) && !(angle % 90)) {
     this.options.angle = angle;
   } else if (is.number(angle)) {
     this.options.rotationAngle = angle;
     if (is.object(options) && options.background) {
-      const backgroundColour = color(options.background);
-      this.options.rotationBackground = [
-        backgroundColour.red(),
-        backgroundColour.green(),
-        backgroundColour.blue(),
-        Math.round(backgroundColour.alpha() * 255)
-      ];
+      this._setBackgroundColourOption('rotationBackground', options.background);
     }
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'numeric', angle);
@@ -79,6 +74,34 @@ function rotate (angle, options) {
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag, then remove the tag.
+ * Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
+ *
+ * Previous or subsequent use of `rotate(angle)` and either `flip()` or `flop()`
+ * will logically occur after auto-orientation, regardless of call order.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).autoOrient().toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const pipeline = sharp()
+ *   .autoOrient()
+ *   .resize(null, 200)
+ *   .toBuffer(function (err, outputBuffer, info) {
+ *     // outputBuffer contains 200px high JPEG image data,
+ *     // auto-oriented using EXIF Orientation tag
+ *     // info.width and info.height contain the dimensions of the resized image
+ *   });
+ * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+ *
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ */
+function autoOrient () {
+  this.options.input.autoOrient = true;
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Mirror the image vertically (up-down) about the x-axis.
  * This always occurs before rotation, if any.
@@ -115,7 +138,7 @@ function flop (flop) {
  * Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
  *
  * You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
- * By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background color with the `background` option.
+ * By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background colour with the `background` option.
  * A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolators` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolators.nohalo`.
  *
  * In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
@@ -365,23 +388,97 @@ function median (size) {
  *   .blur(5)
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
- * @param {number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {Object|number|Boolean} [options]
+ * @param {number} [options.sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {string} [options.precision='integer'] How accurate the operation should be, one of: integer, float, approximate.
+ * @param {number} [options.minAmplitude=0.2] A value between 0.001 and 1. A smaller value will generate a larger, more accurate mask.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function blur (sigma) {
-  if (!is.defined(sigma)) {
+function blur (options) {
+  let sigma;
+  if (is.number(options)) {
+    sigma = options;
+  } else if (is.plainObject(options)) {
+    if (!is.number(options.sigma)) {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('options.sigma', 'number between 0.3 and 1000', sigma);
+    }
+    sigma = options.sigma;
+    if ('precision' in options) {
+      if (is.string(vipsPrecision[options.precision])) {
+        this.options.precision = vipsPrecision[options.precision];
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('precision', 'one of: integer, float, approximate', options.precision);
+      }
+    }
+    if ('minAmplitude' in options) {
+      if (is.number(options.minAmplitude) && is.inRange(options.minAmplitude, 0.001, 1)) {
+        this.options.minAmpl = options.minAmplitude;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('minAmplitude', 'number between 0.001 and 1', options.minAmplitude);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!is.defined(options)) {
     // No arguments: default to mild blur
     this.options.blurSigma = -1;
-  } else if (is.bool(sigma)) {
+  } else if (is.bool(options)) {
     // Boolean argument: apply mild blur?
-    this.options.blurSigma = sigma ? -1 : 0;
+    this.options.blurSigma = options ? -1 : 0;
   } else if (is.number(sigma) && is.inRange(sigma, 0.3, 1000)) {
     // Numeric argument: specific sigma
     this.options.blurSigma = sigma;
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.3 and 1000', sigma);
   }
+
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Expand foreground objects using the dilate morphological operator.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .dilate()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Number} [width=1] dilation width in pixels.
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function dilate (width) {
+  if (!is.defined(width)) {
+    this.options.dilateWidth = 1;
+  } else if (is.integer(width) && width > 0) {
+    this.options.dilateWidth = width;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('dilate', 'positive integer', dilate);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shrink foreground objects using the erode morphological operator.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .erode()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Number} [width=1] erosion width in pixels.
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function erode (width) {
+  if (!is.defined(width)) {
+    this.options.erodeWidth = 1;
+  } else if (is.integer(width) && width > 0) {
+    this.options.erodeWidth = width;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('erode', 'positive integer', erode);
+  }
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -785,24 +882,22 @@ function linear (a, b) {
  *     // With this example input, a sepia filter has been applied
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Array<Array<number>>} inputMatrix - 3x3 Recombination matrix
+ * @param {Array<Array<number>>} inputMatrix - 3x3 or 4x4 Recombination matrix
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function recomb (inputMatrix) {
-  if (!Array.isArray(inputMatrix) || inputMatrix.length !== 3 ||
-      inputMatrix[0].length !== 3 ||
-      inputMatrix[1].length !== 3 ||
-      inputMatrix[2].length !== 3
-  ) {
-    // must pass in a kernel
-    throw new Error('Invalid recombination matrix');
+  if (!Array.isArray(inputMatrix)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('inputMatrix', 'array', inputMatrix);
   }
-  this.options.recombMatrix = [
-    inputMatrix[0][0], inputMatrix[0][1], inputMatrix[0][2],
-    inputMatrix[1][0], inputMatrix[1][1], inputMatrix[1][2],
-    inputMatrix[2][0], inputMatrix[2][1], inputMatrix[2][2]
-  ].map(Number);
+  if (inputMatrix.length !== 3 && inputMatrix.length !== 4) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('inputMatrix', '3x3 or 4x4 array', inputMatrix.length);
+  }
+  const recombMatrix = inputMatrix.flat().map(Number);
+  if (recombMatrix.length !== 9 && recombMatrix.length !== 16) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('inputMatrix', 'cardinality of 9 or 16', recombMatrix.length);
+  }
+  this.options.recombMatrix = recombMatrix;
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -891,15 +986,19 @@ function modulate (options) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with operation-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, {
+    autoOrient,
     rotate,
     flip,
     flop,
     affine,
     sharpen,
+    erode,
+    dilate,
     median,
     blur,
     flatten,

lib/output.js

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ const bitdepthFromColourCount = (colours) => 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
  * When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
  * When using the attention crop strategy also contains `attentionX` and `attentionY`, the focal point of the cropped region.
+ * Animated output will also contain `pageHeight` and `pages`.
  * May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
  * @returns {Promise<Object>} - when no callback is provided
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  * - `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
  * When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+ * Animated output will also contain `pageHeight` and `pages`.
  * May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
  *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
@@ -310,6 +312,59 @@ function withIccProfile (icc, options) {
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Keep XMP metadata from the input image in the output image.
+ *
+ * @since 0.34.3
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const outputWithXmp = await sharp(inputWithXmp)
+ *   .keepXmp()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ */
+function keepXmp () {
+  this.options.keepMetadata |= 0b00010;
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set XMP metadata in the output image.
+ *
+ * Supported by PNG, JPEG, WebP, and TIFF output.
+ *
+ * @since 0.34.3
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const xmpString = `
+ *   <?xml version="1.0"?>
+ *   <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
+ *     <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+ *       <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
+ *         <dc:creator><rdf:Seq><rdf:li>John Doe</rdf:li></rdf:Seq></dc:creator>
+ *       </rdf:Description>
+ *     </rdf:RDF>
+ *   </x:xmpmeta>`;
+ *
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .withXmp(xmpString)
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {string} xmp String containing XMP metadata to be embedded in the output image.
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function withXmp (xmp) {
+  if (is.string(xmp) && xmp.length > 0) {
+    this.options.withXmp = xmp;
+    this.options.keepMetadata |= 0b00010;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('xmp', 'non-empty string', xmp);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Keep all metadata (EXIF, ICC, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
  *
@@ -504,10 +559,14 @@ function jpeg (options) {
 /**
  * Use these PNG options for output image.
  *
- * By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
+ * By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 bits per pixel.
+ *
  * Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
  * Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
  *
+ * For 16 bits per pixel output, convert to `rgb16` via
+ * {@link /api-colour#tocolourspace|toColourspace}.
+ *
  * @example
  * // Convert any input to full colour PNG output
  * const data = await sharp(input)
@@ -520,6 +579,13 @@ function jpeg (options) {
  *   .png({ palette: true })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Output 16 bits per pixel RGB(A)
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *  .toColourspace('rgb16')
+ *  .png()
+ *  .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
  * @param {number} [options.compressionLevel=6] - zlib compression level, 0 (fastest, largest) to 9 (slowest, smallest)
@@ -610,6 +676,7 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
  * @param {boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
  * @param {boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
+ * @param {boolean} [options.smartDeblock=false] - auto-adjust the deblocking filter, can improve low contrast edges (slow)
  * @param {string} [options.preset='default'] - named preset for preprocessing/filtering, one of: default, photo, picture, drawing, icon, text
  * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest)
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
@@ -645,6 +712,9 @@ function webp (options) {
     if (is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.smartDeblock)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartDeblock', options.smartDeblock);
+    }
     if (is.defined(options.preset)) {
       if (is.string(options.preset) && is.inArray(options.preset, ['default', 'photo', 'picture', 'drawing', 'icon', 'text'])) {
         this.options.webpPreset = options.preset;
@@ -712,6 +782,7 @@ function webp (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most)
  * @param {number} [options.interFrameMaxError=0] - maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32
  * @param {number} [options.interPaletteMaxError=3] - maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256
+ * @param {boolean} [options.keepDuplicateFrames=false] - keep duplicate frames in the output instead of combining them
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
  * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
@@ -762,6 +833,13 @@ function gif (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('interPaletteMaxError', 'number between 0.0 and 256.0', options.interPaletteMaxError);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.keepDuplicateFrames)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.keepDuplicateFrames)) {
+        this._setBooleanOption('gifKeepDuplicateFrames', options.keepDuplicateFrames);
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('keepDuplicateFrames', 'boolean', options.keepDuplicateFrames);
+      }
+    }
   }
   trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('gif', options);
@@ -1000,6 +1078,10 @@ function tiff (options) {
  * Use these AVIF options for output image.
  *
  * AVIF image sequences are not supported.
+ * Prebuilt binaries support a bitdepth of 8 only.
+ *
+ * This feature is experimental on the Windows ARM64 platform
+ * and requires a CPU with ARM64v8.4 or later.
  *
  * @example
  * const data = await sharp(input)
@@ -1018,6 +1100,7 @@ function tiff (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
  * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
  * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
+ * @param {number} [options.bitdepth=8] - set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -1044,6 +1127,7 @@ function avif (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
  * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
  * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
+ * @param {number} [options.bitdepth=8] - set bitdepth to 8, 10 or 12 bit
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -1082,6 +1166,16 @@ function heif (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.bitdepth)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.bitdepth) && is.inArray(options.bitdepth, [8, 10, 12])) {
+        if (options.bitdepth !== 8 && this.constructor.versions.heif) {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('bitdepth when using prebuilt binaries', 8, options.bitdepth);
+        }
+        this.options.heifBitdepth = options.bitdepth;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('bitdepth', '8, 10 or 12', options.bitdepth);
+      }
+    }
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'Object', options);
   }
@@ -1097,8 +1191,6 @@ function heif (options) {
  * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
  * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
  *
- * Image metadata (EXIF, XMP) is unsupported.
- *
  * @since 0.31.3
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
@@ -1106,7 +1198,9 @@ function heif (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.quality] - calculate `distance` based on JPEG-like quality, between 1 and 100, overrides distance if specified
  * @param {number} [options.decodingTier=0] - target decode speed tier, between 0 (highest quality) and 4 (lowest quality)
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
- * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 3 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
+ * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
+ * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -1143,13 +1237,14 @@ function jxl (options) {
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
-      if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 3, 9)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 1, 9)) {
         this.options.jxlEffort = options.effort;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 3 and 9', options.effort);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 1 and 9', options.effort);
       }
     }
   }
+  trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('jxl', options);
 }
 
@@ -1201,10 +1296,6 @@ function raw (options) {
  *
  * The container will be set to `zip` when the output is a Buffer or Stream, otherwise it will default to `fs`.
  *
- * Requires libvips compiled with support for libgsf.
- * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
- * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
- *
  * @example
  *  sharp('input.tiff')
  *   .png()
@@ -1233,7 +1324,7 @@ function raw (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
  * @param {string|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
  * @param {string} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
- * @param {number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
+ * @param {number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] Threshold to skip tile generation. Range is 0-255 for 8-bit images, 0-65535 for 16-bit images. Default is 5 for `google` layout, -1 (no skip) otherwise.
  * @param {string} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
  * @param {string} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @param {boolean} [options.centre=false] centre image in tile.
@@ -1525,6 +1616,7 @@ function _pipeline (callback, stack) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with output-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
@@ -1537,6 +1629,8 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     withExifMerge,
     keepIccProfile,
     withIccProfile,
+    keepXmp,
+    withXmp,
     keepMetadata,
     withMetadata,
     toFormat,

lib/resize.js

@@ -68,10 +68,13 @@ const strategy = {
  */
 const kernel = {
   nearest: 'nearest',
+  linear: 'linear',
   cubic: 'cubic',
   mitchell: 'mitchell',
   lanczos2: 'lanczos2',
-  lanczos3: 'lanczos3'
+  lanczos3: 'lanczos3',
+  mks2013: 'mks2013',
+  mks2021: 'mks2021'
 };
 
 /**
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
  * @private
  */
 function isRotationExpected (options) {
-  return (options.angle % 360) !== 0 || options.useExifOrientation === true || options.rotationAngle !== 0;
+  return (options.angle % 360) !== 0 || options.input.autoOrient === true || options.rotationAngle !== 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ function isResizeExpected (options) {
  *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
  *
- * <img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/api-resize-fit.svg">
+ * <img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="/api-resize-fit.svg">
  *
  * When using a **fit** of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
  * - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
@@ -135,17 +138,23 @@ function isResizeExpected (options) {
  *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
  *
- * The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
+ * The strategy-based approach initially resizes so one dimension is at its target length
  * then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
  * - `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29).
  * - `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
  *
- * Possible interpolation kernels are:
+ * Possible downsizing kernels are:
  * - `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation).
+ * - `linear`: Use a [triangle filter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_function).
  * - `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline).
  * - `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf).
  * - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
  * - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
+ * - `mks2013`: Use a [Magic Kernel Sharp](https://johncostella.com/magic/mks.pdf) 2013 kernel, as adopted by Facebook.
+ * - `mks2021`: Use a Magic Kernel Sharp 2021 kernel, with more accurate (reduced) sharpening than the 2013 version.
+ *
+ * When upsampling, these kernels map to `nearest`, `linear` and `cubic` interpolators.
+ * Downsampling kernels without a matching upsampling interpolator map to `cubic`.
  *
  * Only one resize can occur per pipeline.
  * Previous calls to `resize` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
@@ -239,7 +248,7 @@ function isResizeExpected (options) {
  * @param {String} [options.fit='cover'] - How the image should be resized/cropped to fit the target dimension(s), one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`.
  * @param {String} [options.position='centre'] - A position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`.
  * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour when `fit` is `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
- * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - The kernel to use for image reduction. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load.
+ * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - The kernel to use for image reduction and the inferred interpolator to use for upsampling. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutEnlargement=false] - Do not scale up if the width *or* height are already less than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. This may result in output dimensions smaller than the target dimensions.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutReduction=false] - Do not scale down if the width *or* height are already greater than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. This may still result in a crop to reach the target dimensions.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.fastShrinkOnLoad=true] - Take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern or round-down of an auto-scaled dimension.
@@ -564,6 +573,7 @@ function trim (options) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with resize-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {

lib/sharp.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 const { familySync, versionSync } = require('detect-libc');
 
-const { runtimePlatformArch, prebuiltPlatforms, minimumLibvipsVersion } = require('./libvips');
+const { runtimePlatformArch, isUnsupportedNodeRuntime, prebuiltPlatforms, minimumLibvipsVersion } = require('./libvips');
 const runtimePlatform = runtimePlatformArch();
 
 const paths = [
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ const paths = [
   '@img/sharp-wasm32/sharp.node'
 ];
 
-let sharp;
+let path, sharp;
 const errors = [];
-for (const path of paths) {
+for (path of paths) {
   try {
     sharp = require(path);
     break;
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ for (const path of paths) {
   }
 }
 
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (sharp && path.startsWith('@img/sharp-linux-x64') && !sharp._isUsingX64V2()) {
+  const err = new Error('Prebuilt binaries for linux-x64 require v2 microarchitecture');
+  err.code = 'Unsupported CPU';
+  errors.push(err);
+  sharp = null;
+}
+
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 if (sharp) {
   module.exports = sharp;
@@ -44,31 +52,37 @@ if (sharp) {
   const messages = errors.map(err => err.message).join(' ');
   help.push('Possible solutions:');
   // Common error messages
-  if (prebuiltPlatforms.includes(runtimePlatform)) {
+  if (isUnsupportedNodeRuntime()) {
+    const { found, expected } = isUnsupportedNodeRuntime();
+    help.push(
+      '- Please upgrade Node.js:',
+      `    Found ${found}`,
+      `    Requires ${expected}`
+    );
+  } else if (prebuiltPlatforms.includes(runtimePlatform)) {
     const [os, cpu] = runtimePlatform.split('-');
+    const libc = os.endsWith('musl') ? ' --libc=musl' : '';
     help.push(
       '- Ensure optional dependencies can be installed:',
       '    npm install --include=optional sharp',
-      '    yarn add sharp --ignore-engines',
       '- Ensure your package manager supports multi-platform installation:',
       '    See https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#cross-platform',
       '- Add platform-specific dependencies:',
-      `    npm install --os=${os} --cpu=${cpu} sharp`,
-      `    npm install --force @img/sharp-${runtimePlatform}`
+      `    npm install --os=${os.replace('musl', '')}${libc} --cpu=${cpu} sharp`
     );
   } else {
     help.push(
       `- Manually install libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`,
       '- Add experimental WebAssembly-based dependencies:',
       '    npm install --cpu=wasm32 sharp',
-      '    npm install --force @img/sharp-wasm32'
+      '    npm install @img/sharp-wasm32'
     );
   }
   if (isLinux && /(symbol not found|CXXABI_)/i.test(messages)) {
     try {
-      const { engines } = require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${runtimePlatform}/package`);
+      const { config } = require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${runtimePlatform}/package`);
       const libcFound = `${familySync()} ${versionSync()}`;
-      const libcRequires = `${engines.musl ? 'musl' : 'glibc'} ${engines.musl || engines.glibc}`;
+      const libcRequires = `${config.musl ? 'musl' : 'glibc'} ${config.musl || config.glibc}`;
       help.push(
         '- Update your OS:',
         `    Found ${libcFound}`,

lib/utility.js

@@ -75,6 +75,13 @@ if (!libvipsVersion.isGlobal) {
 }
 versions.sharp = require('../package.json').version;
 
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (versions.heif && format.heif) {
+  // Prebuilt binaries provide AV1
+  format.heif.input.fileSuffix = ['.avif'];
+  format.heif.output.alias = ['avif'];
+}
+
 /**
  * Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
  * Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
@@ -128,15 +135,9 @@ cache(true);
  * e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
  * and these are independent of the value set here.
  *
- * The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
- * is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
- * which defaults to 4.
- *
- * https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
- *
- * For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
- * 4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
- * so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.
+ * :::note
+ * Further {@link /performance|control over performance} is available.
+ * :::
  *
  * @example
  * const threads = sharp.concurrency(); // 4
@@ -153,6 +154,9 @@ function concurrency (concurrency) {
 if (detectLibc.familySync() === detectLibc.GLIBC && !sharp._isUsingJemalloc()) {
   // Reduce default concurrency to 1 when using glibc memory allocator
   sharp.concurrency(1);
+} else if (detectLibc.familySync() === detectLibc.MUSL && sharp.concurrency() === 1024) {
+  // Reduce default concurrency when musl thread over-subscription detected
+  sharp.concurrency(require('node:os').availableParallelism());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -270,6 +274,7 @@ function unblock (options) {
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp class with utility-related functions.
+ * @module Sharp
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {

npm/darwin-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with macOS 64-bit ARM",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,11 +29,7 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
-    "glibc": ">=2.26"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
   },
   "os": [
     "darwin"

npm/darwin-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-darwin-x64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with macOS x64",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,11 +29,7 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
-    "glibc": ">=2.26"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
   },
   "os": [
     "darwin"

npm/from-github-release.js

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
-'use strict';
-
-// Populate contents of all packages with the current GitHub release
-
-const { readFile, writeFile, appendFile, copyFile, rm } = require('node:fs/promises');
-const path = require('node:path');
-const { Readable } = require('node:stream');
-const { pipeline } = require('node:stream/promises');
-const { createGunzip } = require('node:zlib');
-const { extract } = require('tar-fs');
-
-const { workspaces } = require('./package.json');
-const { version } = require('../package.json');
-
-const mapTarballEntry = (header) => {
-  header.name = path.basename(header.name);
-  return header;
-};
-
-const licensing = `
-## Licensing
-
-Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-`;
-
-workspaces.map(async platform => {
-  const prebuildPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'emscripten-wasm32' : platform;
-  const url = `https://github.com/lovell/sharp/releases/download/v${version}/sharp-v${version}-napi-v9-${prebuildPlatform}.tar.gz`;
-  const dir = path.join(__dirname, platform);
-  const response = await fetch(url);
-  if (!response.ok) {
-    console.log(`Skipping ${platform}: ${response.statusText}`);
-    return;
-  }
-  // Extract prebuild tarball
-  const lib = path.join(dir, 'lib');
-  await rm(lib, { force: true, recursive: true });
-  await pipeline(
-    Readable.fromWeb(response.body),
-    createGunzip(),
-    extract(lib, { map: mapTarballEntry })
-  );
-  // Generate README
-  const { name, description } = require(`./${platform}/package.json`);
-  await writeFile(path.join(dir, 'README.md'), `# \`${name}\`\n\n${description}.\n${licensing}`);
-  // Copy Apache-2.0 LICENSE
-  await copyFile(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'LICENSE'), path.join(dir, 'LICENSE'));
-  // Copy files for packages without an explicit sharp-libvips dependency (Windows, wasm)
-  if (platform.startsWith('win') || platform.startsWith('wasm')) {
-    const libvipsPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'dev-wasm32' : platform;
-    const sharpLibvipsDir = path.join(require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${libvipsPlatform}/lib`), '..');
-    // Copy versions.json
-    await copyFile(path.join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'versions.json'), path.join(dir, 'versions.json'));
-    // Append third party licensing to README
-    const readme = await readFile(path.join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'README.md'), { encoding: 'utf-8' });
-    const thirdParty = readme.substring(readme.indexOf('\nThis software contains'));
-    appendFile(path.join(dir, 'README.md'), thirdParty);
-  }
-});

npm/from-local-build.js

@@ -3,24 +3,62 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-// Populate contents of a single npm/sharpen-sharp-<build-platform> package
-// with the local/CI build directory for local/CI prebuild testing
+// Populate the npm package for the current platform with the local build
 
-const fs = require('node:fs');
-const path = require('node:path');
+const { copyFileSync, cpSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync, appendFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+const { basename, join } = require('node:path');
 
 const { buildPlatformArch } = require('../lib/libvips');
-const platform = buildPlatformArch();
-const dest = path.join(__dirname, platform);
 
-// Use same config as prebuild to copy binary files
-const release = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'build', 'Release');
-const prebuildrc = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', '.prebuildrc'), 'utf8'));
-const include = new RegExp(prebuildrc['include-regex'], 'i');
-fs.cpSync(release, path.join(dest, 'lib'), {
+const licensing = `
+## Licensing
+
+Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+`;
+
+const platform = buildPlatformArch();
+const destDir = join(__dirname, platform);
+console.log(`Populating npm package for platform: ${platform}`);
+
+// Copy binaries
+const releaseDir = join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'build', 'Release');
+const libDir = join(destDir, 'lib');
+cpSync(releaseDir, libDir, {
   recursive: true,
   filter: (file) => {
-    const name = path.basename(file);
-    return name === 'Release' || include.test(name);
+    const name = basename(file);
+    return name === 'Release' ||
+      (name.startsWith('sharp-') && name.includes('.node')) ||
+      (name.startsWith('libvips-') && name.endsWith('.dll'));
   }
 });
+
+// Generate README
+const { name, description } = require(`./${platform}/package.json`);
+writeFileSync(join(destDir, 'README.md'), `# \`${name}\`\n\n${description}.\n${licensing}`);
+
+// Copy Apache-2.0 LICENSE
+copyFileSync(join(__dirname, '..', 'LICENSE'), join(destDir, 'LICENSE'));
+
+// Copy files for packages without an explicit sharp-libvips dependency (Windows, wasm)
+if (platform.startsWith('win') || platform.startsWith('wasm')) {
+  const libvipsPlatform = platform === 'wasm32' ? 'dev-wasm32' : platform;
+  const sharpLibvipsDir = join(require(`@img/sharp-libvips-${libvipsPlatform}/lib`), '..');
+  // Copy versions.json
+  copyFileSync(join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'versions.json'), join(destDir, 'versions.json'));
+  // Append third party licensing to README
+  const readme = readFileSync(join(sharpLibvipsDir, 'README.md'), { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+  const thirdParty = readme.substring(readme.indexOf('\nThis software contains'));
+  appendFileSync(join(destDir, 'README.md'), thirdParty);
+}

npm/linux-arm/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linux-arm",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) ARM (32-bit)",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,11 +29,10 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
-    "glibc": ">=2.28"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "glibc": ">=2.31"
   },
   "os": [
     "linux"

npm/linux-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linux-arm64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) 64-bit ARM",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
     "glibc": ">=2.26"
   },
   "os": [

npm/linux-ppc64/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+  "name": "@img/sharp-linux-ppc64",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) ppc64",
+  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
+  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git",
+    "directory": "npm/linux-ppc64"
+  },
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+  },
+  "preferUnplugged": true,
+  "optionalDependencies": {
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.2.0"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib"
+  ],
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "exports": {
+    "./sharp.node": "./lib/sharp-linux-ppc64.node",
+    "./package": "./package.json"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "glibc": ">=2.31"
+  },
+  "os": [
+    "linux"
+  ],
+  "libc": [
+    "glibc"
+  ],
+  "cpu": [
+    "ppc64"
+  ]
+}

npm/linux-s390x/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linux-s390x",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) s390x",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,11 +29,10 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
-    "glibc": ">=2.28"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "glibc": ">=2.31"
   },
   "os": [
     "linux"

npm/linux-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linux-x64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (glibc) x64",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
     "glibc": ">=2.26"
   },
   "os": [

npm/linuxmusl-arm64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (musl) 64-bit ARM",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
     "musl": ">=1.2.2"
   },
   "os": [

npm/linuxmusl-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Linux (musl) x64",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
   },
   "preferUnplugged": true,
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.0.0"
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.2.0"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib"
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@
     "./package": "./package.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0",
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
     "musl": ">=1.2.2"
   },
   "os": [

npm/package.json

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "private": "true",
   "workspaces": [
     "darwin-arm64",
     "darwin-x64",
     "linux-arm",
     "linux-arm64",
+    "linux-ppc64",
     "linux-s390x",
     "linux-x64",
     "linuxmusl-arm64",
     "linuxmusl-x64",
     "wasm32",
+    "win32-arm64",
     "win32-ia32",
     "win32-x64"
   ]

npm/wasm32/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-wasm32",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with wasm32",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -28,13 +28,10 @@
     "./versions": "./versions.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@emnapi/runtime": "^0.44.0"
+    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.4"
   },
   "cpu": [
     "wasm32"

npm/win32-arm64/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "name": "@img/sharp-win32-arm64",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+  "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows 64-bit ARM",
+  "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
+  "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git",
+    "directory": "npm/win32-arm64"
+  },
+  "license": "Apache-2.0 AND LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+  },
+  "preferUnplugged": true,
+  "files": [
+    "lib",
+    "versions.json"
+  ],
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
+  "type": "commonjs",
+  "exports": {
+    "./sharp.node": "./lib/sharp-win32-arm64.node",
+    "./package": "./package.json",
+    "./versions": "./versions.json"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "os": [
+    "win32"
+  ],
+  "cpu": [
+    "arm64"
+  ]
+}

npm/win32-ia32/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-win32-ia32",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows x86 (32-bit)",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@
     "./versions": "./versions.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
   },
   "os": [
     "win32"

npm/win32-x64/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@img/sharp-win32-x64",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "description": "Prebuilt sharp for use with Windows x64",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@
     "./versions": "./versions.json"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "npm": ">=9.6.5",
-    "yarn": ">=3.2.0",
-    "pnpm": ">=7.1.0"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
   },
   "os": [
     "win32"

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.33.1",
+  "version": "0.34.3-rc.0",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
   "contributors": [
@@ -82,16 +82,17 @@
     "Joris Dugué <zaruike10@gmail.com>",
     "Chris Banks <christopher.bradley.banks@gmail.com>",
     "Ompal Singh <ompal.hitm09@gmail.com>",
-    "Brodan <christopher.hranj@gmail.com",
+    "Brodan <christopher.hranj@gmail.com>",
     "Ankur Parihar <ankur.github@gmail.com>",
     "Brahim Ait elhaj <brahima@gmail.com>",
     "Mart Jansink <m.jansink@gmail.com>",
     "Lachlan Newman <lachnewman007@gmail.com>",
     "Dennis Beatty <dennis@dcbeatty.com>",
-    "Ingvar Stepanyan <me@rreverser.com>"
+    "Ingvar Stepanyan <me@rreverser.com>",
+    "Don Denton <don@happycollision.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "install": "node install/check",
+    "install": "node install/check.js",
     "clean": "rm -rf src/build/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
     "test": "npm run test-lint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && npm run test-types",
     "test-lint": "semistandard && cpplint",
@@ -99,11 +100,10 @@
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;LGPL-3.0-or-later;MIT\"",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
     "test-types": "tsd",
-    "package-from-local-build": "node npm/from-local-build",
-    "package-from-github-release": "node npm/from-github-release",
-    "docs-build": "node docs/build && node docs/search-index/build",
-    "docs-serve": "cd docs && npx serve",
-    "docs-publish": "cd docs && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
+    "package-from-local-build": "node npm/from-local-build.js",
+    "docs-build": "node docs/build.mjs",
+    "docs-serve": "cd docs && npm start",
+    "docs-publish": "cd docs && npm run build && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
   },
   "type": "commonjs",
   "main": "lib/index.js",
@@ -137,66 +137,66 @@
   ],
   "dependencies": {
     "color": "^4.2.3",
-    "detect-libc": "^2.0.2",
-    "semver": "^7.5.4"
+    "detect-libc": "^2.0.4",
+    "semver": "^7.7.2"
   },
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-darwin-x64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-arm": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-arm64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-s390x": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-linux-x64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-wasm32": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-win32-ia32": "0.33.1",
-    "@img/sharp-win32-x64": "0.33.1"
+    "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-darwin-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-arm": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-ppc64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-s390x": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linux-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-wasm32": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-arm64": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-ia32": "0.34.3-rc.0",
+    "@img/sharp-win32-x64": "0.34.3-rc.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@emnapi/runtime": "^0.44.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev-wasm32": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-ia32": "1.0.0",
-    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-x64": "1.0.0",
+    "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.4",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-dev-wasm32": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-arm64": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-ia32": "1.2.0",
+    "@img/sharp-libvips-win32-x64": "1.2.0",
     "@types/node": "*",
-    "async": "^3.2.5",
     "cc": "^3.0.1",
-    "emnapi": "^0.44.0",
-    "exif-reader": "^2.0.0",
+    "emnapi": "^1.4.4",
+    "exif-reader": "^2.0.2",
     "extract-zip": "^2.0.1",
     "icc": "^3.0.0",
-    "jsdoc-to-markdown": "^8.0.0",
+    "jsdoc-to-markdown": "^9.1.1",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^10.2.0",
-    "node-addon-api": "^7.0.0",
-    "nyc": "^15.1.0",
-    "prebuild": "^12.1.0",
+    "mocha": "^11.7.1",
+    "node-addon-api": "^8.4.0",
+    "node-gyp": "^11.2.0",
+    "nyc": "^17.1.0",
     "semistandard": "^17.0.0",
-    "tar-fs": "^3.0.4",
-    "tsd": "^0.29.0"
+    "tar-fs": "^3.1.0",
+    "tsd": "^0.32.0"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0",
-    "libvips": ">=8.15.0"
+    "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+  },
+  "config": {
+    "libvips": ">=8.17.1"
   },
   "funding": {
     "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
   },
-  "binary": {
-    "napi_versions": [
-      9
-    ]
-  },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [
       "mocha"

src/binding.gyp

@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@
     'sharp_libvips_lib_dir': '<!(node -p "require(\'../lib/libvips\').buildSharpLibvipsLibDir()")'
   },
   'targets': [{
-    'target_name': 'libvips-cpp',
+    'target_name': 'libvips-cpp-<(vips_version)',
     'conditions': [
       ['OS == "win"', {
         # Build libvips C++ binding for Windows due to MSVC std library ABI changes
         'type': 'shared_library',
         'defines': [
-          'VIPS_CPLUSPLUS_EXPORTS',
-          '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS'
+          '_VIPS_PUBLIC=__declspec(dllexport)',
+          '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS',
+          'G_DISABLE_ASSERT',
+          'G_DISABLE_CAST_CHECKS',
+          'G_DISABLE_CHECKS'
         ],
         'sources': [
           '<(sharp_libvips_cplusplus_dir)/VConnection.cpp',
@@ -45,6 +48,9 @@
           'Release': {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+                "AdditionalOptions": [
+                  "/std:c++17"
+                ],
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
@@ -77,13 +83,16 @@
   }, {
     'target_name': 'sharp-<(platform_and_arch)',
     'defines': [
+      'G_DISABLE_ASSERT',
+      'G_DISABLE_CAST_CHECKS',
+      'G_DISABLE_CHECKS',
       'NAPI_VERSION=9',
       'NODE_ADDON_API_DISABLE_DEPRECATED',
       'NODE_API_SWALLOW_UNTHROWABLE_EXCEPTIONS'
     ],
     'dependencies': [
       '<!(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').gyp")',
-      'libvips-cpp'
+      'libvips-cpp-<(vips_version)'
     ],
     'variables': {
       'conditions': [
@@ -149,11 +158,13 @@
           ['OS == "mac"', {
             'link_settings': {
               'libraries': [
-                'libvips-cpp.42.dylib'
+                'libvips-cpp.<(vips_version).dylib'
               ]
             },
             'xcode_settings': {
               'OTHER_LDFLAGS': [
+                '-Wl,-s',
+                '-Wl,-dead_strip',
                 # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
                 '-Wl,-rpath,\'@loader_path/../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/lib\'',
                 '-Wl,-rpath,\'@loader_path/../../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/<(sharp_libvips_version)/lib\'',
@@ -167,14 +178,19 @@
             'defines': [
               '_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1'
             ],
+            'cflags_cc': [
+              '<!(node -p "require(\'detect-libc\').isNonGlibcLinuxSync() ? \'\' : \'-flto=auto\'")'
+            ],
             'link_settings': {
               'libraries': [
-                '-l:libvips-cpp.so.42'
+                '-l:libvips-cpp.so.<(vips_version)'
               ],
               'ldflags': [
+                '-lstdc++fs',
                 '-Wl,-s',
                 '-Wl,--disable-new-dtags',
                 '-Wl,-z,nodelete',
+                '-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions',
                 '-Wl,-rpath=\'$$ORIGIN/../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/lib\'',
                 '-Wl,-rpath=\'$$ORIGIN/../../../sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/<(sharp_libvips_version)/lib\'',
                 '-Wl,-rpath=\'$$ORIGIN/../../node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-<(platform_and_arch)/lib\'',
@@ -192,7 +208,7 @@
                 '-Oz',
                 '-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH',
                 '-sENVIRONMENT=node',
-                '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=["_vips_shutdown", "_uv_library_shutdown"]',
+                '-sEXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=["emnapiInit", "_vips_shutdown", "_uv_library_shutdown"]',
                 '-sNODERAWFS',
                 '-sTEXTDECODER=0',
                 '-sWASM_ASYNC_COMPILATION=0',
@@ -207,14 +223,14 @@
       }]
     ],
     'cflags_cc': [
-      '-std=c++0x',
+      '-std=c++17',
       '-fexceptions',
       '-Wall',
       '-Os'
     ],
     'xcode_settings': {
-      'CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD': 'c++11',
-      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.13',
+      'CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD': 'c++17',
+      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.15',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'YES',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_RTTI': 'YES',
       'OTHER_CPLUSPLUSFLAGS': [
@@ -234,6 +250,9 @@
           ['OS == "win"', {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+                "AdditionalOptions": [
+                  "/std:c++17"
+                ],
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'

src/common.cc

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       Napi::Buffer<char> buffer = input.Get("buffer").As<Napi::Buffer<char>>();
       descriptor->bufferLength = buffer.Length();
       descriptor->buffer = buffer.Data();
-      descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
+      descriptor->isBuffer = true;
     }
     descriptor->failOn = AttrAsEnum<VipsFailOn>(input, "failOn", VIPS_TYPE_FAIL_ON);
     // Density for vector-based input
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       descriptor->rawWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawWidth");
       descriptor->rawHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawHeight");
       descriptor->rawPremultiplied = AttrAsBool(input, "rawPremultiplied");
+      descriptor->rawPageHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawPageHeight");
     }
     // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
     if (HasAttr(input, "pages")) {
@@ -101,19 +102,35 @@ namespace sharp {
     if (HasAttr(input, "page")) {
       descriptor->page = AttrAsUint32(input, "page");
     }
+    // SVG
+    if (HasAttr(input, "svgStylesheet")) {
+      descriptor->svgStylesheet = AttrAsStr(input, "svgStylesheet");
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "svgHighBitdepth")) {
+      descriptor->svgHighBitdepth = AttrAsBool(input, "svgHighBitdepth");
+    }
     // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
-    if (HasAttr(input, "level")) {
-      descriptor->level = AttrAsUint32(input, "level");
+    if (HasAttr(input, "openSlideLevel")) {
+      descriptor->openSlideLevel = AttrAsUint32(input, "openSlideLevel");
     }
     // subIFD (OME-TIFF)
     if (HasAttr(input, "subifd")) {
-      descriptor->subifd = AttrAsInt32(input, "subifd");
+      descriptor->tiffSubifd = AttrAsInt32(input, "tiffSubifd");
+    }
+    // // PDF background color
+    if (HasAttr(input, "pdfBackground")) {
+      descriptor->pdfBackground = AttrAsVectorOfDouble(input, "pdfBackground");
+    }
+    // Use JPEG 2000 oneshot mode?
+    if (HasAttr(input, "jp2Oneshot")) {
+      descriptor->jp2Oneshot = AttrAsBool(input, "jp2Oneshot");
     }
     // Create new image
     if (HasAttr(input, "createChannels")) {
       descriptor->createChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "createChannels");
       descriptor->createWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "createWidth");
       descriptor->createHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createHeight");
+      descriptor->createPageHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createPageHeight");
       if (HasAttr(input, "createNoiseType")) {
         descriptor->createNoiseType = AttrAsStr(input, "createNoiseType");
         descriptor->createNoiseMean = AttrAsDouble(input, "createNoiseMean");
@@ -156,12 +173,34 @@ namespace sharp {
         descriptor->textWrap = AttrAsEnum<VipsTextWrap>(input, "textWrap", VIPS_TYPE_TEXT_WRAP);
       }
     }
+    // Join images together
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinAnimated")) {
+      descriptor->joinAnimated = AttrAsBool(input, "joinAnimated");
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinAcross")) {
+      descriptor->joinAcross = AttrAsUint32(input, "joinAcross");
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinShim")) {
+      descriptor->joinShim = AttrAsUint32(input, "joinShim");
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinBackground")) {
+      descriptor->joinBackground = AttrAsVectorOfDouble(input, "joinBackground");
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinHalign")) {
+      descriptor->joinHalign = AttrAsEnum<VipsAlign>(input, "joinHalign", VIPS_TYPE_ALIGN);
+    }
+    if (HasAttr(input, "joinValign")) {
+      descriptor->joinValign = AttrAsEnum<VipsAlign>(input, "joinValign", VIPS_TYPE_ALIGN);
+    }
     // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
     descriptor->limitInputPixels = static_cast<uint64_t>(AttrAsInt64(input, "limitInputPixels"));
-    // Allow switch from random to sequential access
-    descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    if (HasAttr(input, "access")) {
+      descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    }
     // Remove safety features and allow unlimited input
     descriptor->unlimited = AttrAsBool(input, "unlimited");
+    // Use the EXIF orientation to auto orient the image
+    descriptor->autoOrient = AttrAsBool(input, "autoOrient");
     return descriptor;
   }
 
@@ -244,6 +283,8 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
       case ImageType::EXR: id = "exr"; break;
       case ImageType::JXL: id = "jxl"; break;
+      case ImageType::RAD: id = "rad"; break;
+      case ImageType::DCRAW: id = "dcraw"; break;
       case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
@@ -290,6 +331,10 @@ namespace sharp {
     { "VipsForeignLoadOpenexr", ImageType::EXR },
     { "VipsForeignLoadJxlFile", ImageType::JXL },
     { "VipsForeignLoadJxlBuffer", ImageType::JXL },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadRadFile", ImageType::RAD },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadRadBuffer", ImageType::RAD },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadDcRawFile", ImageType::DCRAW },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadDcRawBuffer", ImageType::DCRAW },
     { "VipsForeignLoadVips", ImageType::VIPS },
     { "VipsForeignLoadVipsFile", ImageType::VIPS },
     { "VipsForeignLoadRaw", ImageType::RAW }
@@ -354,6 +399,48 @@ namespace sharp {
       imageType == ImageType::HEIF;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Format-specific options builder
+  */
+  vips::VOption* GetOptionsForImageType(ImageType imageType, InputDescriptor *descriptor) {
+    vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+      ->set("access", descriptor->access)
+      ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
+    if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
+      option->set("unlimited", true);
+    }
+    if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
+      option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
+      option->set("page", descriptor->page);
+    }
+    switch (imageType) {
+      case ImageType::SVG:
+        option->set("dpi", descriptor->density)
+              ->set("stylesheet", descriptor->svgStylesheet.data())
+              ->set("high_bitdepth", descriptor->svgHighBitdepth);
+        break;
+      case ImageType::TIFF:
+        option->set("tiffSubifd", descriptor->tiffSubifd);
+        break;
+      case ImageType::PDF:
+        option->set("dpi", descriptor->density)
+              ->set("background", descriptor->pdfBackground);
+        break;
+      case ImageType::OPENSLIDE:
+        option->set("openSlideLevel", descriptor->openSlideLevel);
+        break;
+      case ImageType::JP2:
+        option->set("oneshot", descriptor->jp2Oneshot);
+        break;
+      case ImageType::MAGICK:
+        option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return option;
+  }
+
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
@@ -371,6 +458,10 @@ namespace sharp {
         } else {
           image.get_image()->Type = is8bit ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16;
         }
+        if (descriptor->rawPageHeight > 0) {
+          image.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, descriptor->rawPageHeight);
+          image.set(VIPS_META_N_PAGES, static_cast<int>(descriptor->rawHeight / descriptor->rawPageHeight));
+        }
         if (descriptor->rawPremultiplied) {
           image = image.unpremultiply();
         }
@@ -380,28 +471,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         imageType = DetermineImageType(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength);
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
-            vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
-              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
-            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
-              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
-              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
-            }
-            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
-              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
-              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
-              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
-              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
-            }
+            vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(imageType, descriptor);
             image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
@@ -441,6 +511,10 @@ namespace sharp {
               channels < 3 ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB))
             .new_from_image(background);
         }
+        if (descriptor->createPageHeight > 0) {
+          image.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, descriptor->createPageHeight);
+          image.set(VIPS_META_N_PAGES, static_cast<int>(descriptor->createHeight / descriptor->createPageHeight));
+        }
         image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
         imageType = ImageType::RAW;
       } else if (descriptor->textValue.length() > 0) {
@@ -484,28 +558,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         }
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
-            vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
-              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
-            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
-              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
-              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
-            }
-            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
-              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
-              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
-              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
-            }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
-              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
-            }
+            vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(imageType, descriptor);
             image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
@@ -560,14 +613,6 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
-  /*
-    Does this image have an alpha channel?
-    Uses colour space interpretation with number of channels to guess this.
-  */
-  bool HasAlpha(VImage image) {
-    return image.has_alpha();
-  }
-
   static void* RemoveExifCallback(VipsImage *image, char const *field, GValue *value, void *data) {
     std::vector<std::string> *fieldNames = static_cast<std::vector<std::string> *>(data);
     std::string fieldName(field);
@@ -624,22 +669,21 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int nPages, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
     bool hasDelay = !delay.empty();
-
-    // Avoid a copy if none of the animation properties are needed.
-    if (nPages == 1 && !hasDelay && loop == -1) return image;
-
-    if (delay.size() == 1) {
-      // We have just one delay, repeat that value for all frames.
-      delay.insert(delay.end(), nPages - 1, delay[0]);
-    }
-
-    // Attaching metadata, need to copy the image.
     VImage copy = image.copy();
 
     // Only set page-height if we have more than one page, or this could
     // accidentally turn into an animated image later.
     if (nPages > 1) copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
-    if (hasDelay) copy.set("delay", delay);
+    if (hasDelay) {
+      if (delay.size() == 1) {
+        // We have just one delay, repeat that value for all frames.
+        delay.insert(delay.end(), nPages - 1, delay[0]);
+      }
+      copy.set("delay", delay);
+    }
+    if (nPages == 1 && !hasDelay && loop == -1) {
+      loop = 1;
+    }
     if (loop != -1) copy.set("loop", loop);
 
     return copy;
@@ -768,7 +812,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         int *timeout = VIPS_NEW(im, int);
         *timeout = seconds;
         g_signal_connect(im, "eval", G_CALLBACK(VipsProgressCallBack), timeout);
-        vips_image_set_progress(im, TRUE);
+        vips_image_set_progress(im, true);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -778,7 +822,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   void VipsProgressCallBack(VipsImage *im, VipsProgress *progress, int *timeout) {
     if (*timeout > 0 && progress->run >= *timeout) {
-      vips_image_set_kill(im, TRUE);
+      vips_image_set_kill(im, true);
       vips_error("timeout", "%d%% complete", progress->percent);
       *timeout = 0;
     }
@@ -925,14 +969,6 @@ namespace sharp {
     return interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16 || interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16;
   }
 
-  /*
-    Return the image alpha maximum. Useful for combining alpha bands. scRGB
-    images are 0 - 1 for image data, but the alpha is 0 - 255.
-  */
-  double MaximumImageAlpha(VipsInterpretation const interpretation) {
-    return Is16Bit(interpretation) ? 65535.0 : 255.0;
-  }
-
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
@@ -975,25 +1011,25 @@ namespace sharp {
         0.0722 * colour[2])
       };
     }
-    // Add alpha channel to alphaColour colour
-    if (colour[3] < 255.0 || HasAlpha(image)) {
-      alphaColour.push_back(colour[3] * multiplier);
+    // Add alpha channel(s) to alphaColour colour
+    if (colour[3] < 255.0 || image.has_alpha()) {
+      int extraBands = image.bands() > 4 ? image.bands() - 3 : 1;
+      alphaColour.insert(alphaColour.end(), extraBands, colour[3] * multiplier);
     }
     // Ensure alphaColour colour uses correct colourspace
     alphaColour = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(alphaColour, image.interpretation(), premultiply);
     // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
-    if (colour[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
-      image = image.bandjoin(
-        VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier).cast(image.format()));
+    if (colour[3] < 255.0 && !image.has_alpha()) {
+      image = image.bandjoin_const({ 255 * multiplier });
     }
     return std::make_tuple(image, alphaColour);
   }
 
   /*
-    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+    Removes alpha channels, if any.
   */
   VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    while (image.bands() > 1 && image.has_alpha()) {
       image = image.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
     }
     return image;
@@ -1003,10 +1039,8 @@ namespace sharp {
     Ensures alpha channel, if missing.
   */
   VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image, double const value) {
-    if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
-      std::vector<double> alpha;
-      alpha.push_back(value * sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation()));
-      image = image.bandjoin_const(alpha);
+    if (!image.has_alpha()) {
+      image = image.bandjoin_const({ value * vips_interpretation_max_alpha(image.interpretation()) });
     }
     return image;
   }
@@ -1081,9 +1115,10 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Ensure decoding remains sequential.
   */
-  VImage StaySequential(VImage image, VipsAccess access, bool condition) {
-    if (access == VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL && condition) {
-      return image.copy_memory();
+  VImage StaySequential(VImage image, bool condition) {
+    if (vips_image_is_sequential(image.get_image()) && condition) {
+      image = image.copy_memory().copy();
+      image.remove(VIPS_META_SEQUENTIAL);
     }
     return image;
   }

src/common.h

@@ -15,18 +15,14 @@
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
 #if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 15) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 15 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 0)
-#error "libvips version 8.15.0+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 17) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 17 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 1)
+#error "libvips version 8.17.1+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
-#if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
-#error "GCC version 4.6+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_feature))
-#if (!__has_feature(cxx_range_for))
-#error "clang version 3.0+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#if !__has_include(<filesystem>)
+#error "C++17 compiler required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -37,6 +33,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   struct InputDescriptor {  // NOLINT(runtime/indentation_namespace)
     std::string name;
     std::string file;
+    bool autoOrient;
     char *buffer;
     VipsFailOn failOn;
     uint64_t limitInputPixels;
@@ -51,13 +48,13 @@ namespace sharp {
     int rawWidth;
     int rawHeight;
     bool rawPremultiplied;
+    int rawPageHeight;
     int pages;
     int page;
-    int level;
-    int subifd;
     int createChannels;
     int createWidth;
     int createHeight;
+    int createPageHeight;
     std::vector<double> createBackground;
     std::string createNoiseType;
     double createNoiseMean;
@@ -74,41 +71,65 @@ namespace sharp {
     int textSpacing;
     VipsTextWrap textWrap;
     int textAutofitDpi;
+    bool joinAnimated;
+    int joinAcross;
+    int joinShim;
+    std::vector<double> joinBackground;
+    VipsAlign joinHalign;
+    VipsAlign joinValign;
+    std::string svgStylesheet;
+    bool svgHighBitdepth;
+    int tiffSubifd;
+    int openSlideLevel;
+    std::vector<double> pdfBackground;
+    bool jp2Oneshot;
 
     InputDescriptor():
+      autoOrient(false),
       buffer(nullptr),
       failOn(VIPS_FAIL_ON_WARNING),
       limitInputPixels(0x3FFF * 0x3FFF),
-      unlimited(FALSE),
-      access(VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM),
+      unlimited(false),
+      access(VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL),
       bufferLength(0),
-      isBuffer(FALSE),
+      isBuffer(false),
       density(72.0),
-      ignoreIcc(FALSE),
+      ignoreIcc(false),
       rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
       rawHeight(0),
       rawPremultiplied(false),
+      rawPageHeight(0),
       pages(1),
       page(0),
-      level(0),
-      subifd(-1),
       createChannels(0),
       createWidth(0),
       createHeight(0),
+      createPageHeight(0),
       createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
       createNoiseMean(0.0),
       createNoiseSigma(0.0),
       textWidth(0),
       textHeight(0),
       textAlign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
-      textJustify(FALSE),
+      textJustify(false),
       textDpi(72),
-      textRgba(FALSE),
+      textRgba(false),
       textSpacing(0),
       textWrap(VIPS_TEXT_WRAP_WORD),
-      textAutofitDpi(0) {}
+      textAutofitDpi(0),
+      joinAnimated(false),
+      joinAcross(1),
+      joinShim(0),
+      joinBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
+      joinHalign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
+      joinValign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
+      svgHighBitdepth(false),
+      tiffSubifd(-1),
+      openSlideLevel(0),
+      pdfBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 },
+      jp2Oneshot(false) {}
   };
 
   // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
@@ -147,6 +168,8 @@ namespace sharp {
     FITS,
     EXR,
     JXL,
+    RAD,
+    DCRAW,
     VIPS,
     RAW,
     UNKNOWN,
@@ -203,14 +226,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   ImageType DetermineImageType(char const *file);
 
   /*
-    Does this image type support multiple pages?
+    Format-specific options builder
   */
-  bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType);
-
-  /*
-    Does this image type support removal of safety limits?
-  */
-  bool ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(ImageType imageType);
+  vips::VOption* GetOptionsForImageType(ImageType imageType, InputDescriptor *descriptor);
 
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
@@ -232,12 +250,6 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage SetProfile(VImage image, std::pair<char*, size_t> icc);
 
-  /*
-    Does this image have an alpha channel?
-    Uses colour space interpretation with number of channels to guess this.
-  */
-  bool HasAlpha(VImage image);
-
   /*
     Remove all EXIF-related image fields.
   */
@@ -350,12 +362,6 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   bool Is16Bit(VipsInterpretation const interpretation);
 
-  /*
-    Return the image alpha maximum. Useful for combining alpha bands. scRGB
-    images are 0 - 1 for image data, but the alpha is 0 - 255.
-  */
-  double MaximumImageAlpha(VipsInterpretation const interpretation);
-
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
@@ -368,7 +374,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour, bool premultiply);
 
   /*
-    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+    Removes alpha channels, if any.
   */
   VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image);
 
@@ -386,7 +392,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Ensure decoding remains sequential.
   */
-  VImage StaySequential(VImage image, VipsAccess access, bool condition = TRUE);
+  VImage StaySequential(VImage image, bool condition = true);
 
 }  // namespace sharp
 

src/emscripten/common.gypi

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
     'default_configuration': 'Release',
     'type': 'executable',
     'cflags': [
-      '-pthread',
-      '-sDEFAULT_TO_CXX=0'
+      '-pthread'
     ],
     'cflags_cc': [
       '-pthread'
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@
       '--js-library=<!(node -p "require(\'emnapi\').js_library")',
       '-sAUTO_JS_LIBRARIES=0',
       '-sAUTO_NATIVE_LIBRARIES=0',
+      '-sDEFAULT_TO_CXX=0',
       '-sNODEJS_CATCH_EXIT=0',
       '-sNODEJS_CATCH_REJECTION=0'
     ],
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
       'EMNAPI_WORKER_POOL_SIZE=1'
     ],
     'include_dirs': [
-      '<!(node -p "require(\'emnapi\').include")'
+      '<!(node -p "require(\'emnapi\').include_dir")'
     ],
     'sources': [
       '<!@(node -p "require(\'emnapi\').sources.map(x => JSON.stringify(path.relative(process.cwd(), x))).join(\' \')")'

src/metadata.cc

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
 
 #include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "common.h"
 #include "metadata.h"
 
+static void* readPNGComment(VipsImage *image, const char *field, GValue *value, void *p);
+
 class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
   MetadataWorker(Napi::Function callback, MetadataBaton *baton, Napi::Function debuglog) :
@@ -45,8 +48,11 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof("interlaced") == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->isProgressive = image.get_int("interlaced") == 1;
       }
-      if (image.get_typeof("palette-bit-depth") == G_TYPE_INT) {
-        baton->paletteBitDepth = image.get_int("palette-bit-depth");
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PALETTE) == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->isPalette = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PALETTE);
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_BITS_PER_SAMPLE) == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->bitsPerSample = image.get_int(VIPS_META_BITS_PER_SAMPLE);
       }
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_N_PAGES) == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pages = image.get_int(VIPS_META_N_PAGES);
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         baton->background = image.get_array_double("background");
       }
       // Derived attributes
-      baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
+      baton->hasAlpha = image.has_alpha();
       baton->orientation = sharp::ExifOrientation(image);
       // EXIF
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_EXIF_NAME) == VIPS_TYPE_BLOB) {
@@ -131,6 +137,8 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         memcpy(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshopLength);
         baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength = tifftagPhotoshopLength;
       }
+      // PNG comments
+      vips_image_map(image.get_image(), readPNGComment, &baton->comments);
     }
 
     // Clean up
@@ -167,8 +175,13 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         info.Set("chromaSubsampling", baton->chromaSubsampling);
       }
       info.Set("isProgressive", baton->isProgressive);
-      if (baton->paletteBitDepth > 0) {
-        info.Set("paletteBitDepth", baton->paletteBitDepth);
+      info.Set("isPalette", baton->isPalette);
+      if (baton->bitsPerSample > 0) {
+        info.Set("bitsPerSample", baton->bitsPerSample);
+        if (baton->isPalette) {
+          // Deprecated, remove with libvips 8.17.0
+          info.Set("paletteBitDepth", baton->bitsPerSample);
+        }
       }
       if (baton->pages > 0) {
         info.Set("pages", baton->pages);
@@ -214,21 +227,30 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         info.Set("subifds", baton->subifds);
       }
       if (!baton->background.empty()) {
+        Napi::Object background = Napi::Object::New(env);
         if (baton->background.size() == 3) {
-          Napi::Object background = Napi::Object::New(env);
           background.Set("r", baton->background[0]);
           background.Set("g", baton->background[1]);
           background.Set("b", baton->background[2]);
-          info.Set("background", background);
         } else {
-          info.Set("background", baton->background[0]);
+          background.Set("gray", round(baton->background[0] * 100 / 255));
         }
+        info.Set("background", background);
       }
       info.Set("hasProfile", baton->hasProfile);
       info.Set("hasAlpha", baton->hasAlpha);
       if (baton->orientation > 0) {
         info.Set("orientation", baton->orientation);
       }
+      Napi::Object autoOrient = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      info.Set("autoOrient", autoOrient);
+      if (baton->orientation >= 5) {
+        autoOrient.Set("width", baton->height);
+        autoOrient.Set("height", baton->width);
+      } else {
+        autoOrient.Set("width", baton->width);
+        autoOrient.Set("height", baton->height);
+      }
       if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
         info.Set("exif", Napi::Buffer<char>::NewOrCopy(env, baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
       }
@@ -240,12 +262,27 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       }
       if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
         info.Set("xmp", Napi::Buffer<char>::NewOrCopy(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+        if (g_utf8_validate(static_cast<char const *>(baton->xmp), baton->xmpLength, nullptr)) {
+          info.Set("xmpAsString",
+            Napi::String::New(env, static_cast<char const *>(baton->xmp), baton->xmpLength));
+        }
       }
       if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
         info.Set("tifftagPhotoshop",
           Napi::Buffer<char>::NewOrCopy(env, baton->tifftagPhotoshop,
             baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
       }
+      if (baton->comments.size() > 0) {
+        int i = 0;
+        Napi::Array comments = Napi::Array::New(env, baton->comments.size());
+        for (auto &c : baton->comments) {
+          Napi::Object comment = Napi::Object::New(env);
+          comment.Set("keyword", c.first);
+          comment.Set("text", c.second);
+          comments.Set(i++, comment);
+        }
+        info.Set("comments", comments);
+      }
       Callback().Call(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
     } else {
       Callback().Call(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, sharp::TrimEnd(baton->err)).Value() });
@@ -285,3 +322,21 @@ Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
 
   return info.Env().Undefined();
 }
+
+const char *PNG_COMMENT_START = "png-comment-";
+const int PNG_COMMENT_START_LEN = strlen(PNG_COMMENT_START);
+
+static void* readPNGComment(VipsImage *image, const char *field, GValue *value, void *p) {
+  MetadataComments *comments = static_cast<MetadataComments *>(p);
+
+  if (vips_isprefix(PNG_COMMENT_START, field)) {
+    const char *keyword = strchr(field + PNG_COMMENT_START_LEN, '-');
+    const char *str;
+    if (keyword != NULL && !vips_image_get_string(image, field, &str)) {
+      keyword++;  // Skip the hyphen
+      comments->push_back(std::make_pair(keyword, str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NULL;
+}

src/metadata.h

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
+typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> MetadataComments;
+
 struct MetadataBaton {
   // Input
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
@@ -22,7 +24,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int density;
   std::string chromaSubsampling;
   bool isProgressive;
-  int paletteBitDepth;
+  bool isPalette;
+  int bitsPerSample;
   int pages;
   int pageHeight;
   int loop;
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   size_t xmpLength;
   char *tifftagPhotoshop;
   size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+  MetadataComments comments;
   std::string err;
 
   MetadataBaton():
@@ -56,7 +60,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     channels(0),
     density(0),
     isProgressive(false),
-    paletteBitDepth(0),
+    isPalette(false),
+    bitsPerSample(0),
     pages(0),
     pageHeight(0),
     loop(-1),

src/operations.cc

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       typeBeforeTint = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
     }
     // Apply lookup table
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       image = RemoveAlpha(image)
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       // Scale luminance, join to chroma, convert back to original colourspace
       VImage normalized = luminance.linear(f, a).bandjoin(chroma).colourspace(typeBeforeNormalize);
       // Attach original alpha channel, if any
-      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+      if (image.has_alpha()) {
         // Extract original alpha channel
         VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
         // Join alpha channel to normalised image
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Gamma encoding/decoding
    */
   VImage Gamma(VImage image, double const exponent) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       // Separate alpha channel
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image).gamma(VImage::option()->set("exponent", exponent)).bandjoin(alpha);
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Produce the "negative" of the image.
    */
   VImage Negate(VImage image, bool const negateAlpha) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image) && !negateAlpha) {
+    if (image.has_alpha() && !negateAlpha) {
       // Separate alpha channel
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image).invert().bandjoin(alpha);
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Gaussian blur. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast blur.
    */
-  VImage Blur(VImage image, double const sigma) {
+  VImage Blur(VImage image, double const sigma, VipsPrecision precision, double const minAmpl) {
     if (sigma == -1.0) {
       // Fast, mild blur - averages neighbouring pixels
       VImage blur = VImage::new_matrixv(3, 3,
@@ -155,7 +155,9 @@ namespace sharp {
       return image.conv(blur);
     } else {
       // Slower, accurate Gaussian blur
-      return StaySequential(image, VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL).gaussblur(sigma);
+      return StaySequential(image).gaussblur(sigma, VImage::option()
+        ->set("precision", precision)
+        ->set("min_ampl", minAmpl));
     }
   }
 
@@ -164,10 +166,10 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage Convolve(VImage image, int const width, int const height,
     double const scale, double const offset,
-    std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &kernel_v
+    std::vector<double> const &kernel_v
   ) {
     VImage kernel = VImage::new_from_memory(
-      kernel_v.get(),
+      static_cast<void*>(const_cast<double*>(kernel_v.data())),
       width * height * sizeof(double),
       width,
       height,
@@ -183,25 +185,27 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Recomb with a Matrix of the given bands/channel size.
    * Eg. RGB will be a 3x3 matrix.
    */
-  VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &matrix) {
-    double *m = matrix.get();
+  VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::vector<double> const& matrix) {
+    double* m = const_cast<double*>(matrix.data());
     image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
-    return image
-      .recomb(image.bands() == 3
-        ? VImage::new_from_memory(
-          m, 9 * sizeof(double), 3, 3, 1, VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE
-        )
-        : VImage::new_matrixv(4, 4,
-          m[0], m[1], m[2], 0.0,
-          m[3], m[4], m[5], 0.0,
-          m[6], m[7], m[8], 0.0,
-          0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+    if (matrix.size() == 9) {
+      return image
+        .recomb(image.bands() == 3
+          ? VImage::new_matrix(3, 3, m, 9)
+          : VImage::new_matrixv(4, 4,
+            m[0], m[1], m[2], 0.0,
+            m[3], m[4], m[5], 0.0,
+            m[6], m[7], m[8], 0.0,
+            0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+    } else {
+      return image.recomb(VImage::new_matrix(4, 4, m, 16));
+    }
   }
 
   VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation,
                   int const hue, double const lightness) {
     VipsInterpretation colourspaceBeforeModulate = image.interpretation();
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       // Separate alpha channel
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image)
@@ -293,7 +297,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       threshold *= 256.0;
     }
     std::vector<double> backgroundAlpha({ background.back() });
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       background.pop_back();
     } else {
       background.resize(image.bands());
@@ -303,7 +307,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       ->set("background", background)
       ->set("line_art", lineArt)
       ->set("threshold", threshold));
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       // Search alpha channel (A)
       int leftA, topA, widthA, heightA;
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
@@ -340,7 +344,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       throw VError("Band expansion using linear is unsupported");
     }
     bool const uchar = !Is16Bit(image.interpretation());
-    if (HasAlpha(image) && a.size() != bands && (a.size() == 1 || a.size() == bands - 1 || bands - 1 == 1)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha() && a.size() != bands && (a.size() == 1 || a.size() == bands - 1 || bands - 1 == 1)) {
       // Separate alpha channel
       VImage alpha = image[bands - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image).linear(a, b, VImage::option()->set("uchar", uchar)).bandjoin(alpha);
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Unflatten
    */
   VImage Unflatten(VImage image) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+    if (image.has_alpha()) {
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       VImage noAlpha = RemoveAlpha(image);
       return noAlpha.bandjoin(alpha & (noAlpha.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W) < 255));
@@ -386,7 +390,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       pages.reserve(nPages);
 
       // Split the image into cropped frames
-      image = StaySequential(image, VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL);
+      image = StaySequential(image);
       for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
         pages.push_back(
           image.extract_area(left, *pageHeight * i + top, width, height));
@@ -468,4 +472,26 @@ namespace sharp {
     }
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Dilate an image
+   */
+  VImage Dilate(VImage image, int const width) {
+    int const maskWidth = 2 * width + 1;
+    VImage mask = VImage::new_matrix(maskWidth, maskWidth);
+    return image.morph(
+      mask,
+      VIPS_OPERATION_MORPHOLOGY_DILATE).invert();
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Erode an image
+   */
+  VImage Erode(VImage image, int const width) {
+    int const maskWidth = 2 * width + 1;
+    VImage mask = VImage::new_matrix(maskWidth, maskWidth);
+    return image.morph(
+      mask,
+      VIPS_OPERATION_MORPHOLOGY_ERODE).invert();
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/operations.h

@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Gaussian blur. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast blur.
    */
-  VImage Blur(VImage image, double const sigma);
+  VImage Blur(VImage image, double const sigma, VipsPrecision precision, double const minAmpl);
 
   /*
    * Convolution with a kernel.
    */
   VImage Convolve(VImage image, int const width, int const height,
-    double const scale, double const offset, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &kernel_v);
+    double const scale, double const offset, std::vector<double> const &kernel_v);
 
   /*
    * Sharpen flat and jagged areas. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast sharpen.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Recomb with a Matrix of the given bands/channel size.
    * Eg. RGB will be a 3x3 matrix.
    */
-  VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &matrix);
+  VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::vector<double> const &matrix);
 
   /*
    * Modulate brightness, saturation, hue and lightness
@@ -120,6 +120,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
                         VipsExtend extendWith, std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight);
 
+  /*
+   * Dilate an image
+   */
+  VImage Dilate(VImage image, int const maskWidth);
+
+  /*
+   * Erode an image
+   */
+  VImage Erode(VImage image, int const maskWidth);
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_OPERATIONS_H_

src/pipeline.cc

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -20,17 +21,6 @@
 #include "operations.h"
 #include "pipeline.h"
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#define STAT64_STRUCT __stat64
-#define STAT64_FUNCTION _stat64
-#elif defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE)
-#define STAT64_STRUCT stat64
-#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat64
-#else
-#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
-#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
-#endif
-
 class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
   PipelineWorker(Napi::Function callback, PipelineBaton *baton,
@@ -52,9 +42,41 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Open input
       vips::VImage image;
       sharp::ImageType inputImageType;
-      std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
+      if (baton->join.empty()) {
+        std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
+      } else {
+        std::vector<VImage> images;
+        bool hasAlpha = false;
+        for (auto &join : baton->join) {
+          std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(join);
+          image = sharp::EnsureColourspace(image, baton->colourspacePipeline);
+          images.push_back(image);
+          hasAlpha |= image.has_alpha();
+        }
+        if (hasAlpha) {
+          for (auto &image : images) {
+            if (!image.has_alpha()) {
+              image = sharp::EnsureAlpha(image, 1);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          baton->input->joinBackground.pop_back();
+        }
+        inputImageType = sharp::ImageType::PNG;
+        image = VImage::arrayjoin(images, VImage::option()
+          ->set("across", baton->input->joinAcross)
+          ->set("shim", baton->input->joinShim)
+          ->set("background", baton->input->joinBackground)
+          ->set("halign", baton->input->joinHalign)
+          ->set("valign", baton->input->joinValign));
+        if (baton->input->joinAnimated) {
+          image = image.copy();
+          image.set(VIPS_META_N_PAGES, static_cast<int>(images.size()));
+          image.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, static_cast<int>(image.height() / images.size()));
+        }
+      }
       VipsAccess access = baton->input->access;
-      image = sharp::EnsureColourspace(image, baton->colourspaceInput);
+      image = sharp::EnsureColourspace(image, baton->colourspacePipeline);
 
       int nPages = baton->input->pages;
       if (nPages == -1) {
@@ -70,17 +92,17 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Calculate angle of rotation
       VipsAngle rotation = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
       VipsAngle autoRotation = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
-      bool autoFlip = FALSE;
-      bool autoFlop = FALSE;
+      bool autoFlip = false;
+      bool autoFlop = false;
 
-      if (baton->useExifOrientation) {
+      if (baton->input->autoOrient) {
         // Rotate and flip image according to Exif orientation
         std::tie(autoRotation, autoFlip, autoFlop) = CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(sharp::ExifOrientation(image));
         image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
-      } else {
-        rotation = CalculateAngleRotation(baton->angle);
       }
 
+      rotation = CalculateAngleRotation(baton->angle);
+
       // Rotate pre-extract
       bool const shouldRotateBefore = baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
         (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 || autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 ||
@@ -88,7 +110,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           baton->rotationAngle != 0.0);
 
       if (shouldRotateBefore) {
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access,
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image,
           rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 ||
           autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 ||
           autoFlip ||
@@ -96,31 +118,33 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           baton->rotationAngle != 0.0);
 
         if (autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          if (autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D180) {
+            MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
+          }
           image = image.rot(autoRotation);
           autoRotation = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
         }
-        if (autoFlip) {
+        if (autoFlip != baton->flip) {
           image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
-          autoFlip = FALSE;
-        } else if (baton->flip) {
-          image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
-          baton->flip = FALSE;
+          autoFlip = false;
+          baton->flip = false;
         }
-        if (autoFlop) {
+        if (autoFlop != baton->flop) {
           image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
-          autoFlop = FALSE;
-        } else if (baton->flop) {
-          image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
-          baton->flop = FALSE;
+          autoFlop = false;
+          baton->flop = false;
         }
         if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D180) {
+            MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
+          }
           image = image.rot(rotation);
           rotation = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
         }
         if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
           MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
           std::vector<double> background;
-          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground, FALSE);
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground, false);
           image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background)).copy_memory();
         }
       }
@@ -128,7 +152,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Trim
       if (baton->trimThreshold >= 0.0) {
         MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Trim");
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
         image = sharp::Trim(image, baton->trimBackground, baton->trimThreshold, baton->trimLineArt);
         baton->trimOffsetLeft = image.xoffset();
         baton->trimOffsetTop = image.yoffset();
@@ -183,7 +207,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       //  - input colourspace is not specified;
       bool const shouldPreShrink = (targetResizeWidth > 0 || targetResizeHeight > 0) &&
         baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimThreshold < 0.0 &&
-        baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST && !shouldRotateBefore;
+        baton->colourspacePipeline == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST && !shouldRotateBefore;
 
       if (shouldPreShrink) {
         // The common part of the shrink: the bit by which both axes must be shrunk
@@ -217,11 +241,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // factor for jpegload*, a double scale factor for webpload*,
       // pdfload* and svgload*
       if (jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1) {
-        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-          ->set("access", access)
-          ->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad)
-          ->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited)
-          ->set("fail_on", baton->input->failOn);
+        vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(inputImageType, baton->input)->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad);
         if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
           // Reload JPEG buffer
           VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@@ -232,14 +252,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
         }
       } else if (scale != 1.0) {
-        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-          ->set("access", access)
-          ->set("scale", scale)
-          ->set("fail_on", baton->input->failOn);
+        vips::VOption *option = GetOptionsForImageType(inputImageType, baton->input)->set("scale", scale);
         if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) {
-          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
-          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
-
           if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
             // Reload WebP buffer
             VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@@ -250,9 +264,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             image = VImage::webpload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
           }
         } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG) {
-          option->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited);
-          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
-
           if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
             // Reload SVG buffer
             VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@@ -267,10 +278,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             throw vips::VError("Input SVG image will exceed 32767x32767 pixel limit when scaled");
           }
         } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
-          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
-          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
-          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
-
           if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
             // Reload PDF buffer
             VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
@@ -280,7 +287,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             // Reload PDF file
             image = VImage::pdfload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
           }
-
           sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
         }
       } else {
@@ -319,18 +325,20 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if ((baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_ICC) && baton->withIccProfile.empty()) {
         // Cache input profile for use with output
         inputProfile = sharp::GetProfile(image);
+        baton->input->ignoreIcc = true;
       }
       char const *processingProfile = image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16 ? "p3" : "srgb";
       if (
         sharp::HasProfile(image) &&
         image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABS &&
         image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16 &&
+        baton->colourspacePipeline != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK &&
         !baton->input->ignoreIcc
       ) {
         // Convert to sRGB/P3 using embedded profile
         try {
           image = image.icc_transform(processingProfile, VImage::option()
-            ->set("embedded", TRUE)
+            ->set("embedded", true)
             ->set("depth", sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 16 : 8)
             ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
         } catch(...) {
@@ -338,7 +346,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         }
       } else if (
         image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK &&
-        baton->colourspaceInput != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK
+        baton->colourspacePipeline != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK
       ) {
         image = image.icc_transform(processingProfile, VImage::option()
           ->set("input_profile", "cmyk")
@@ -346,15 +354,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Flatten image to remove alpha channel
-      if (baton->flatten && sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+      if (baton->flatten && image.has_alpha()) {
         image = sharp::Flatten(image, baton->flattenBackground);
       }
 
-      // Negate the colours in the image
-      if (baton->negate) {
-        image = sharp::Negate(image, baton->negateAlpha);
-      }
-
       // Gamma encoding (darken)
       if (baton->gamma >= 1 && baton->gamma <= 3) {
         image = sharp::Gamma(image, 1.0 / baton->gamma);
@@ -371,12 +374,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       bool const shouldSharpen = baton->sharpenSigma != 0.0;
       bool const shouldComposite = !baton->composite.empty();
 
-      if (shouldComposite && !sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+      if (shouldComposite && !image.has_alpha()) {
         image = sharp::EnsureAlpha(image, 1);
       }
 
       VipsBandFormat premultiplyFormat = image.format();
-      bool const shouldPremultiplyAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image) &&
+      bool const shouldPremultiplyAlpha = image.has_alpha() &&
         (shouldResize || shouldBlur || shouldConv || shouldSharpen);
 
       if (shouldPremultiplyAlpha) {
@@ -390,25 +393,31 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           ->set("kernel", baton->kernel));
       }
 
-      image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access,
+      image = sharp::StaySequential(image,
         autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 ||
         baton->flip ||
         autoFlip ||
         rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0);
       // Auto-rotate post-extract
       if (autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+        if (autoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D180) {
+          MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
+        }
         image = image.rot(autoRotation);
       }
       // Mirror vertically (up-down) about the x-axis
-      if (baton->flip || autoFlip) {
+      if (baton->flip != autoFlip) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
       }
       // Mirror horizontally (left-right) about the y-axis
-      if (baton->flop || autoFlop) {
+      if (baton->flop != autoFlop) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
       }
       // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
       if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+        if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D180) {
+          MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
+        }
         image = image.rot(rotation);
       }
 
@@ -420,7 +429,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < baton->joinChannelIn.size(); i++) {
           baton->joinChannelIn[i]->access = access;
           std::tie(joinImage, joinImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->joinChannelIn[i]);
-          joinImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(joinImage, baton->colourspaceInput);
+          joinImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(joinImage, baton->colourspacePipeline);
           image = image.bandjoin(joinImage);
         }
         image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", baton->colourspace));
@@ -487,7 +496,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
             // Attention-based or Entropy-based crop
             MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Resize strategy");
-            image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+            image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
             image = image.smartcrop(baton->width, baton->height, VImage::option()
               ->set("interesting", baton->position == 16 ? VIPS_INTERESTING_ENTROPY : VIPS_INTERESTING_ATTENTION)
               ->set("premultiplied", shouldPremultiplyAlpha)
@@ -506,7 +515,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Rotate post-extract non-90 angle
       if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
         MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
         image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
@@ -530,7 +539,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Affine transform
       if (!baton->affineMatrix.empty()) {
         MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Affine");
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->affineBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
         vips::VInterpolate interp = vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name(
@@ -553,6 +562,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           std::vector<double> background;
           std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->extendBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
 
+          image = sharp::StaySequential(image, nPages > 1);
           image = nPages > 1
             ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
                 baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
@@ -561,6 +571,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
                 VImage::option()->set("extend", baton->extendWith)->set("background", background));
         } else {
           std::vector<double> ignoredBackground(1);
+          image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
           image = nPages > 1
             ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
                 baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
@@ -580,9 +591,19 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = sharp::Threshold(image, baton->threshold, baton->thresholdGrayscale);
       }
 
+      // Dilate - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of dilating after thresholding
+      if (baton->dilateWidth != 0) {
+        image = sharp::Dilate(image, baton->dilateWidth);
+      }
+
+      // Erode - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of eroding after thresholding
+      if (baton->erodeWidth != 0) {
+        image = sharp::Erode(image, baton->erodeWidth);
+      }
+
       // Blur
       if (shouldBlur) {
-        image = sharp::Blur(image, baton->blurSigma);
+        image = sharp::Blur(image, baton->blurSigma, baton->precision, baton->minAmpl);
       }
 
       // Unflatten the image
@@ -599,7 +620,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Recomb
-      if (baton->recombMatrix != NULL) {
+      if (!baton->recombMatrix.empty()) {
         image = sharp::Recomb(image, baton->recombMatrix);
       }
 
@@ -629,7 +650,30 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           sharp::ImageType compositeImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
           composite->input->access = access;
           std::tie(compositeImage, compositeImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(composite->input);
-          compositeImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(compositeImage, baton->colourspaceInput);
+
+          if (composite->input->autoOrient) {
+            // Respect EXIF Orientation
+            VipsAngle compositeAutoRotation = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
+            bool compositeAutoFlip = false;
+            bool compositeAutoFlop = false;
+            std::tie(compositeAutoRotation, compositeAutoFlip, compositeAutoFlop) =
+              CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(sharp::ExifOrientation(compositeImage));
+
+            compositeImage = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(compositeImage);
+            compositeImage = sharp::StaySequential(compositeImage,
+              compositeAutoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0 || compositeAutoFlip);
+
+            if (compositeAutoRotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.rot(compositeAutoRotation);
+            }
+            if (compositeAutoFlip) {
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
+            }
+            if (compositeAutoFlop) {
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
+            }
+          }
+
           // Verify within current dimensions
           if (compositeImage.width() > image.width() || compositeImage.height() > image.height()) {
             throw vips::VError("Image to composite must have same dimensions or smaller");
@@ -656,7 +700,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             if (across != 0 || down != 0) {
               int left;
               int top;
-              compositeImage = sharp::StaySequential(compositeImage, access).replicate(across, down);
+              compositeImage = sharp::StaySequential(compositeImage).replicate(across, down);
               if (composite->hasOffset) {
                 std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
                   compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(),
@@ -670,11 +714,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             // gravity was used for extract_area, set it back to its default value of 0
             composite->gravity = 0;
           }
-          // Ensure image to composite is sRGB with unpremultiplied alpha
-          compositeImage = compositeImage.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
-          if (!sharp::HasAlpha(compositeImage)) {
-            compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage, 1);
-          }
+          // Ensure image to composite is with unpremultiplied alpha
+          compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage, 1);
           if (composite->premultiplied) compositeImage = compositeImage.unpremultiply();
           // Calculate position
           int left;
@@ -698,7 +739,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           xs.push_back(left);
           ys.push_back(top);
         }
-        image = VImage::composite(images, modes, VImage::option()->set("x", xs)->set("y", ys));
+        image = VImage::composite(images, modes, VImage::option()
+          ->set("compositing_space", baton->colourspacePipeline == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST
+            ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB
+            : baton->colourspacePipeline)
+          ->set("x", xs)
+          ->set("y", ys));
         image = sharp::RemoveGifPalette(image);
       }
 
@@ -714,13 +760,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Apply normalisation - stretch luminance to cover full dynamic range
       if (baton->normalise) {
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
         image = sharp::Normalise(image, baton->normaliseLower, baton->normaliseUpper);
       }
 
       // Apply contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE)
       if (baton->claheWidth != 0 && baton->claheHeight != 0) {
-        image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access);
+        image = sharp::StaySequential(image);
         image = sharp::Clahe(image, baton->claheWidth, baton->claheHeight, baton->claheMaxSlope);
       }
 
@@ -730,7 +776,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         sharp::ImageType booleanImageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
         baton->boolean->access = access;
         std::tie(booleanImage, booleanImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->boolean);
-        booleanImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(booleanImage, baton->colourspaceInput);
+        booleanImage = sharp::EnsureColourspace(booleanImage, baton->colourspacePipeline);
         image = sharp::Boolean(image, booleanImage, baton->booleanOp);
         image = sharp::RemoveGifPalette(image);
       }
@@ -763,10 +809,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         // Convert colourspace, pass the current known interpretation so libvips doesn't have to guess
         image = image.colourspace(baton->colourspace, VImage::option()->set("source_space", image.interpretation()));
         // Transform colours from embedded profile to output profile
-        if ((baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_ICC) &&
+        if ((baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_ICC) && baton->colourspacePipeline != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK &&
           baton->withIccProfile.empty() && sharp::HasProfile(image)) {
-          image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
-            ->set("embedded", TRUE)
+          image = image.icc_transform(processingProfile, VImage::option()
+            ->set("embedded", true)
             ->set("depth", sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 16 : 8)
             ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
         }
@@ -775,7 +821,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       // Extract channel
       if (baton->extractChannel > -1) {
         if (baton->extractChannel >= image.bands()) {
-          if (baton->extractChannel == 3 && sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+          if (baton->extractChannel == 3 && image.has_alpha()) {
             baton->extractChannel = image.bands() - 1;
           } else {
             (baton->err)
@@ -797,7 +843,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         try {
           image = image.icc_transform(const_cast<char*>(baton->withIccProfile.data()), VImage::option()
             ->set("input_profile", processingProfile)
-            ->set("embedded", TRUE)
+            ->set("embedded", true)
             ->set("depth", sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 16 : 8)
             ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
         } catch(...) {
@@ -806,6 +852,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       } else if (baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_ICC) {
         image = sharp::SetProfile(image, inputProfile);
       }
+
+      // Negate the colours in the image
+      if (baton->negate) {
+        image = sharp::Negate(image, baton->negateAlpha);
+      }
+
       // Override EXIF Orientation tag
       if (baton->withMetadataOrientation != -1) {
         image = sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
@@ -824,7 +876,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           image.set(s.first.data(), s.second.data());
         }
       }
-
+      // XMP buffer
+      if ((baton->keepMetadata & VIPS_FOREIGN_KEEP_XMP) && !baton->withXmp.empty()) {
+        image = image.copy();
+        image.set(VIPS_META_XMP_NAME, nullptr,
+          const_cast<void*>(static_cast<void const*>(baton->withXmp.c_str())), baton->withXmp.size());
+      }
       // Number of channels used in output image
       baton->channels = image.bands();
       baton->width = image.width();
@@ -833,6 +890,11 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       image = sharp::SetAnimationProperties(
         image, nPages, targetPageHeight, baton->delay, baton->loop);
 
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->pageHeightOut = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
+        baton->pagesOut = image.get_int(VIPS_META_N_PAGES);
+      }
+
       // Output
       sharp::SetTimeout(image, baton->timeoutSeconds);
       if (baton->fileOut.empty()) {
@@ -907,6 +969,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
             ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("smart_deblock", baton->webpSmartDeblock)
             ->set("preset", baton->webpPreset)
             ->set("effort", baton->webpEffort)
             ->set("min_size", baton->webpMinSize)
@@ -929,6 +992,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("interlace", baton->gifProgressive)
             ->set("interframe_maxerror", baton->gifInterFrameMaxError)
             ->set("interpalette_maxerror", baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError)
+            ->set("keep_duplicate_frames", baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames)
             ->set("dither", baton->gifDither)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@@ -969,13 +1033,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::HEIF)) {
           // Write HEIF to buffer
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::HEIF);
-          image = sharp::RemoveAnimationProperties(image).cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+          image = sharp::RemoveAnimationProperties(image);
           VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.heifsave_buffer(VImage::option()
             ->set("keep", baton->keepMetadata)
             ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
             ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
             ->set("effort", baton->heifEffort)
-            ->set("bitdepth", 8)
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->heifBitdepth)
             ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
               ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
             ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless)));
@@ -987,10 +1051,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "dz") {
           // Write DZ to buffer
           baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
-          if (!sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+          if (!image.has_alpha()) {
             baton->tileBackground.pop_back();
           }
-          image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access, baton->tileAngle != 0);
+          image = sharp::StaySequential(image, baton->tileAngle != 0);
           vips::VOption *options = BuildOptionsDZ(baton);
           VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.dzsave_buffer(options));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
@@ -1036,6 +1100,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           // Unsupported output format
           (baton->err).append("Unsupported output format ");
           if (baton->formatOut == "input") {
+            (baton->err).append("when trying to match input format of ");
             (baton->err).append(ImageTypeId(inputImageType));
           } else {
             (baton->err).append(baton->formatOut);
@@ -1114,6 +1179,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
             ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("smart_deblock", baton->webpSmartDeblock)
             ->set("preset", baton->webpPreset)
             ->set("effort", baton->webpEffort)
             ->set("min_size", baton->webpMinSize)
@@ -1130,6 +1196,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("effort", baton->gifEffort)
             ->set("reuse", baton->gifReuse)
             ->set("interlace", baton->gifProgressive)
+            ->set("interframe_maxerror", baton->gifInterFrameMaxError)
+            ->set("interpalette_maxerror", baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError)
+            ->set("keep_duplicate_frames", baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames)
             ->set("dither", baton->gifDither));
           baton->formatOut = "gif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
@@ -1162,13 +1231,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::HEIF)) {
           // Write HEIF to file
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::HEIF);
-          image = sharp::RemoveAnimationProperties(image).cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+          image = sharp::RemoveAnimationProperties(image);
           image.heifsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
             ->set("keep", baton->keepMetadata)
             ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
             ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
             ->set("effort", baton->heifEffort)
-            ->set("bitdepth", 8)
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->heifBitdepth)
             ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
               ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
             ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless));
@@ -1189,10 +1258,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           if (isDzZip) {
             baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
           }
-          if (!sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+          if (!image.has_alpha()) {
             baton->tileBackground.pop_back();
           }
-          image = sharp::StaySequential(image, access, baton->tileAngle != 0);
+          image = sharp::StaySequential(image, baton->tileAngle != 0);
           vips::VOption *options = BuildOptionsDZ(baton);
           image.dzsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), options);
           baton->formatOut = "dz";
@@ -1268,6 +1337,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->input->textAutofitDpi) {
         info.Set("textAutofitDpi", static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->input->textAutofitDpi));
       }
+      if (baton->pageHeightOut) {
+        info.Set("pageHeight", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->pageHeightOut));
+        info.Set("pages", static_cast<int32_t>(baton->pagesOut));
+      }
 
       if (baton->bufferOutLength > 0) {
         // Add buffer size to info
@@ -1278,9 +1351,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         Callback().Call(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), data, info });
       } else {
         // Add file size to info
-        struct STAT64_STRUCT st;
-        if (STAT64_FUNCTION(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
-          info.Set("size", static_cast<uint32_t>(st.st_size));
+        if (baton->formatOut != "dz" || sharp::IsDzZip(baton->fileOut)) {
+          try {
+            uint32_t const size = static_cast<uint32_t>(
+              std::filesystem::file_size(std::filesystem::u8path(baton->fileOut)));
+            info.Set("size", size);
+          } catch (...) {}
         }
         Callback().Call(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
       }
@@ -1298,6 +1374,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
     for (sharp::InputDescriptor *input : baton->joinChannelIn) {
       delete input;
     }
+    for (sharp::InputDescriptor *input : baton->join) {
+      delete input;
+    }
     delete baton;
 
     // Decrement processing task counter
@@ -1324,16 +1403,16 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
   std::tuple<VipsAngle, bool, bool>
   CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(int const exifOrientation) {
     VipsAngle rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D0;
-    bool flip = FALSE;
-    bool flop = FALSE;
+    bool flip = false;
+    bool flop = false;
     switch (exifOrientation) {
       case 6: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D90; break;
       case 3: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D180; break;
       case 8: rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D270; break;
-      case 2: flop = TRUE; break;  // flop 1
-      case 7: flip = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D90; break;  // flip 6
-      case 4: flop = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D180; break;  // flop 3
-      case 5: flip = TRUE; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D270; break;  // flip 8
+      case 2: flop = true; break;  // flop 1
+      case 7: flip = true; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D90; break;  // flip 6
+      case 4: flop = true; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D180; break;  // flop 3
+      case 5: flip = true; rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_D270; break;  // flip 8
     }
     return std::make_tuple(rotate, flip, flop);
   }
@@ -1381,7 +1460,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
     std::string suffix;
     if (baton->tileFormat == "png") {
       std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
-        {"interlace", baton->pngProgressive ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+        {"interlace", baton->pngProgressive ? "true" : "false"},
         {"compression", std::to_string(baton->pngCompressionLevel)},
         {"filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? "all" : "none"}
       };
@@ -1390,25 +1469,26 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
         {"Q", std::to_string(baton->webpQuality)},
         {"alpha_q", std::to_string(baton->webpAlphaQuality)},
-        {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-        {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-        {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+        {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "true" : "false"},
+        {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "true" : "false"},
+        {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "true" : "false"},
+        {"smart_deblock", baton->webpSmartDeblock ? "true" : "false"},
         {"preset", vips_enum_nick(VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_WEBP_PRESET, baton->webpPreset)},
-        {"min_size", baton->webpMinSize ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-        {"mixed", baton->webpMixed ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+        {"min_size", baton->webpMinSize ? "true" : "false"},
+        {"mixed", baton->webpMixed ? "true" : "false"},
         {"effort", std::to_string(baton->webpEffort)}
       };
       suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".webp", options);
     } else {
       std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> options {
         {"Q", std::to_string(baton->jpegQuality)},
-        {"interlace", baton->jpegProgressive ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+        {"interlace", baton->jpegProgressive ? "true" : "false"},
         {"subsample_mode", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4" ? "off" : "on"},
-        {"trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+        {"trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation ? "true" : "false"},
         {"quant_table", std::to_string(baton->jpegQuantisationTable)},
-        {"overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
-        {"optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
-        {"optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding ? "TRUE": "FALSE"}
+        {"overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing ? "true": "false"},
+        {"optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans ? "true": "false"},
+        {"optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding ? "true": "false"}
       };
       std::string extname = baton->tileLayout == VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ ? ".jpeg" : ".jpg";
       suffix = AssembleSuffixString(extname, options);
@@ -1454,6 +1534,14 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
 
   // Input
   baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
+  // Join images together
+  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "join")) {
+    Napi::Array join = options.Get("join").As<Napi::Array>();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < join.Length(); i++) {
+      baton->join.push_back(
+        sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(join.Get(i).As<Napi::Object>()));
+    }
+  }
   // Extract image options
   baton->topOffsetPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "topOffsetPre");
   baton->leftOffsetPre = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "leftOffsetPre");
@@ -1516,6 +1604,8 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->negate = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "negate");
   baton->negateAlpha = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "negateAlpha");
   baton->blurSigma = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "blurSigma");
+  baton->precision = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsPrecision>(options, "precision", VIPS_TYPE_PRECISION);
+  baton->minAmpl = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "minAmpl");
   baton->brightness = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "brightness");
   baton->saturation = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "saturation");
   baton->hue = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "hue");
@@ -1536,6 +1626,8 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->gammaOut = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gammaOut");
   baton->linearA = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "linearA");
   baton->linearB = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "linearB");
+  baton->dilateWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "dilateWidth");
+  baton->erodeWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "erodeWidth");
   baton->greyscale = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "greyscale");
   baton->normalise = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "normalise");
   baton->normaliseLower = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "normaliseLower");
@@ -1544,7 +1636,6 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->claheWidth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheWidth");
   baton->claheHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheHeight");
   baton->claheMaxSlope = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "claheMaxSlope");
-  baton->useExifOrientation = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "useExifOrientation");
   baton->angle = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "angle");
   baton->rotationAngle = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "rotationAngle");
   baton->rotationBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "rotationBackground");
@@ -1581,23 +1672,24 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     baton->convKernelScale = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kernel, "scale");
     baton->convKernelOffset = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kernel, "offset");
     size_t const kernelSize = static_cast<size_t>(baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight);
-    baton->convKernel = std::unique_ptr<double[]>(new double[kernelSize]);
+    baton->convKernel.resize(kernelSize);
     Napi::Array kdata = kernel.Get("kernel").As<Napi::Array>();
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < kernelSize; i++) {
       baton->convKernel[i] = sharp::AttrAsDouble(kdata, i);
     }
   }
   if (options.Has("recombMatrix")) {
-    baton->recombMatrix = std::unique_ptr<double[]>(new double[9]);
     Napi::Array recombMatrix = options.Get("recombMatrix").As<Napi::Array>();
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
-       baton->recombMatrix[i] = sharp::AttrAsDouble(recombMatrix, i);
+    unsigned int matrixElements = recombMatrix.Length();
+    baton->recombMatrix.resize(matrixElements);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < matrixElements; i++) {
+      baton->recombMatrix[i] = sharp::AttrAsDouble(recombMatrix, i);
     }
   }
-  baton->colourspaceInput = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsInterpretation>(
-    options, "colourspaceInput", VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION);
-  if (baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_ERROR) {
-    baton->colourspaceInput = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST;
+  baton->colourspacePipeline = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsInterpretation>(
+    options, "colourspacePipeline", VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION);
+  if (baton->colourspacePipeline == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_ERROR) {
+    baton->colourspacePipeline = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST;
   }
   baton->colourspace = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsInterpretation>(options, "colourspace", VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION);
   if (baton->colourspace == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_ERROR) {
@@ -1619,7 +1711,10 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     }
   }
   baton->withExifMerge = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withExifMerge");
+  baton->withXmp = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "withXmp");
   baton->timeoutSeconds = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "timeoutSeconds");
+  baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
+  baton->delay = sharp::AttrAsInt32Vector(options, "delay");
   // Format-specific
   baton->jpegQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jpegQuality");
   baton->jpegProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegProgressive");
@@ -1647,6 +1742,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->webpLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpLossless");
   baton->webpNearLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpNearLossless");
   baton->webpSmartSubsample = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpSmartSubsample");
+  baton->webpSmartDeblock = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpSmartDeblock");
   baton->webpPreset = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsForeignWebpPreset>(options, "webpPreset", VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_WEBP_PRESET);
   baton->webpEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpEffort");
   baton->webpMinSize = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpMinSize");
@@ -1656,6 +1752,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->gifDither = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifDither");
   baton->gifInterFrameMaxError = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifInterFrameMaxError");
   baton->gifInterPaletteMaxError = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifInterPaletteMaxError");
+  baton->gifKeepDuplicateFrames = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifKeepDuplicateFrames");
   baton->gifReuse = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifReuse");
   baton->gifProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "gifProgressive");
   baton->tiffQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffQuality");
@@ -1682,18 +1779,12 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     options, "heifCompression", VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION);
   baton->heifEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifEffort");
   baton->heifChromaSubsampling = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "heifChromaSubsampling");
+  baton->heifBitdepth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifBitdepth");
   baton->jxlDistance = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "jxlDistance");
   baton->jxlDecodingTier = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jxlDecodingTier");
   baton->jxlEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jxlEffort");
   baton->jxlLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jxlLossless");
   baton->rawDepth = sharp::AttrAsEnum<VipsBandFormat>(options, "rawDepth", VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT);
-  // Animated output properties
-  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "loop")) {
-    baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
-  }
-  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "delay")) {
-    baton->delay = sharp::AttrAsInt32Vector(options, "delay");
-  }
   baton->tileSize = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileSize");
   baton->tileOverlap = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileOverlap");
   baton->tileAngle = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "tileAngle");

src/pipeline.h

@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@ struct Composite {
 
 struct PipelineBaton {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
+  std::vector<sharp::InputDescriptor *> join;
   std::string formatOut;
   std::string fileOut;
   void *bufferOut;
   size_t bufferOutLength;
+  int pageHeightOut;
+  int pagesOut;
   std::vector<Composite *> composite;
   std::vector<sharp::InputDescriptor *> joinChannelIn;
   int topOffsetPre;
@@ -76,6 +79,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool negate;
   bool negateAlpha;
   double blurSigma;
+  VipsPrecision precision;
+  double minAmpl;
   double brightness;
   double saturation;
   int hue;
@@ -96,6 +101,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int trimOffsetTop;
   std::vector<double> linearA;
   std::vector<double> linearB;
+  int dilateWidth;
+  int erodeWidth;
   double gamma;
   double gammaOut;
   bool greyscale;
@@ -105,7 +112,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int claheWidth;
   int claheHeight;
   int claheMaxSlope;
-  bool useExifOrientation;
   int angle;
   double rotationAngle;
   std::vector<double> rotationBackground;
@@ -153,6 +159,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool webpNearLossless;
   bool webpLossless;
   bool webpSmartSubsample;
+  bool webpSmartDeblock;
   VipsForeignWebpPreset webpPreset;
   int webpEffort;
   bool webpMinSize;
@@ -162,6 +169,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double gifDither;
   double gifInterFrameMaxError;
   double gifInterPaletteMaxError;
+  bool gifKeepDuplicateFrames;
   bool gifReuse;
   bool gifProgressive;
   int tiffQuality;
@@ -181,6 +189,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int heifEffort;
   std::string heifChromaSubsampling;
   bool heifLossless;
+  int heifBitdepth;
   double jxlDistance;
   int jxlDecodingTier;
   int jxlEffort;
@@ -193,8 +202,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   std::string withIccProfile;
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> withExif;
   bool withExifMerge;
+  std::string withXmp;
   int timeoutSeconds;
-  std::unique_ptr<double[]> convKernel;
+  std::vector<double> convKernel;
   int convKernelWidth;
   int convKernelHeight;
   double convKernelScale;
@@ -205,7 +215,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extractChannel;
   bool removeAlpha;
   double ensureAlpha;
-  VipsInterpretation colourspaceInput;
+  VipsInterpretation colourspacePipeline;
   VipsInterpretation colourspace;
   std::vector<int> delay;
   int loop;
@@ -220,11 +230,13 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
   std::string tileId;
   std::string tileBasename;
-  std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
+  std::vector<double> recombMatrix;
 
   PipelineBaton():
     input(nullptr),
     bufferOutLength(0),
+    pageHeightOut(0),
+    pagesOut(0),
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
@@ -266,6 +278,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     trimOffsetTop(0),
     linearA{},
     linearB{},
+    dilateWidth(0),
+    erodeWidth(0),
     gamma(0.0),
     greyscale(false),
     normalise(false),
@@ -274,7 +288,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     claheWidth(0),
     claheHeight(0),
     claheMaxSlope(3),
-    useExifOrientation(false),
     angle(0),
     rotationAngle(0.0),
     rotationBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
@@ -321,6 +334,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     webpNearLossless(false),
     webpLossless(false),
     webpSmartSubsample(false),
+    webpSmartDeblock(false),
     webpPreset(VIPS_FOREIGN_WEBP_PRESET_DEFAULT),
     webpEffort(4),
     webpMinSize(false),
@@ -330,6 +344,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     gifDither(1.0),
     gifInterFrameMaxError(0.0),
     gifInterPaletteMaxError(3.0),
+    gifKeepDuplicateFrames(false),
     gifReuse(true),
     gifProgressive(false),
     tiffQuality(80),
@@ -349,6 +364,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     heifEffort(4),
     heifChromaSubsampling("4:4:4"),
     heifLossless(false),
+    heifBitdepth(8),
     jxlDistance(1.0),
     jxlDecodingTier(0),
     jxlEffort(7),
@@ -369,7 +385,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     extractChannel(-1),
     removeAlpha(false),
     ensureAlpha(-1.0),
-    colourspaceInput(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
+    colourspacePipeline(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     loop(-1),
     tileSize(256),

src/sharp.cc

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
     vips_init("sharp");
   });
 
-  g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
-    static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
+  for (auto domain : { "VIPS", "vips2tiff" }) {
+    g_log_set_handler(domain, static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
+      static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
+  }
 
   // Methods available to JavaScript
   exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
   exports.Set("block", Napi::Function::New(env, block));
   exports.Set("_maxColourDistance", Napi::Function::New(env, _maxColourDistance));
   exports.Set("_isUsingJemalloc", Napi::Function::New(env, _isUsingJemalloc));
+  exports.Set("_isUsingX64V2", Napi::Function::New(env, _isUsingX64V2));
   exports.Set("stats", Napi::Function::New(env, stats));
   return exports;
 }

src/stats.cc

@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           baton->channelStats.push_back(cStats);
         }
         // Image is not opaque when alpha layer is present and contains a non-mamixa value
-        if (sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+        if (image.has_alpha()) {
           double const minAlpha = static_cast<double>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, bands).front());
-          if (minAlpha != sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
+          if (minAlpha != vips_interpretation_max_alpha(image.interpretation())) {
             baton->isOpaque = false;
           }
         }

src/utilities.cc

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   Napi::Object format = Napi::Object::New(env);
   for (std::string const f : {
     "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
-    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k", "jxl"
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k", "jxl", "rad", "dcraw"
   }) {
     // Input
     const VipsObjectClass *oc = vips_class_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str());
@@ -233,10 +233,10 @@ Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   double maxColourDistance;
   try {
     // Premultiply and remove alpha
-    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image1)) {
+    if (image1.has_alpha()) {
       image1 = image1.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image1.bands() - 1));
     }
-    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image2)) {
+    if (image2.has_alpha()) {
       image2 = image2.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image2.bands() - 1));
     }
     // Calculate colour distance
@@ -267,3 +267,20 @@ Napi::Value _isUsingJemalloc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   return Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
 }
 #endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__)
+// Are SSE 4.2 intrinsics available at runtime?
+Napi::Value _isUsingX64V2(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+  __asm__ __volatile__("cpuid"
+    : "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
+    : "a"(1));
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, (ecx & 1U << 20) != 0);
+}
+#else
+Napi::Value _isUsingX64V2(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+}
+#endif

src/utilities.h

@@ -15,5 +15,6 @@ Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 void block(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 Napi::Value _isUsingJemalloc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value _isUsingX64V2(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_UTILITIES_H_

test/bench/Dockerfile

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-FROM ubuntu:23.10
+FROM ubuntu:25.04
 ARG BRANCH=main
 
 # Install basic dependencies
 RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y build-essential curl git ca-certificates gnupg
 
 # Install latest Node.js LTS
-RUN mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
-RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg
-RUN echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_20.x nodistro main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
-RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_24.x -o nodesource_setup.sh
+RUN bash nodesource_setup.sh
+RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
 
 # Install benchmark dependencies
 RUN apt-get install -y imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick
@@ -26,8 +25,4 @@ RUN node -v
 
 WORKDIR /tmp/sharp/test/bench
 
-# Workaround for: https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/16917
-# This could be removed once Squoosh is an optional dependency.
-ENV NODE_OPTIONS="--no-experimental-fetch"
-
 CMD [ "node", "perf" ]

test/bench/package.json

@@ -8,16 +8,14 @@
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@squoosh/cli": "0.7.3",
-    "@squoosh/lib": "0.5.3",
-    "async": "3.2.5",
+    "async": "3.2.6",
     "benchmark": "2.1.4",
-    "gm": "1.25.0",
+    "gm": "1.25.1",
     "imagemagick": "0.1.3",
-    "jimp": "0.22.10"
+    "jimp": "1.6.0"
   },
   "optionalDependencies": {
-    "@tensorflow/tfjs-node": "4.13.0",
+    "@tensorflow/tfjs-node": "4.22.0",
     "mapnik": "4.5.9"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0"

test/bench/parallel.js

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ const width = 720;
 const height = 480;
 
 sharp.concurrency(1);
-sharp.simd(true);
 
 const timer = setInterval(function () {
   console.dir(sharp.counters());

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-const os = require('os');
 const fs = require('fs');
-const { exec, execSync } = require('child_process');
+const { execSync } = require('child_process');
 
 const async = require('async');
 const Benchmark = require('benchmark');
@@ -22,8 +21,8 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = safeRequire('mapnik');
-const jimp = require('jimp');
-const squoosh = require('@squoosh/lib');
+const { Jimp, JimpMime } = require('jimp');
+
 process.env.TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL = 1;
 const tfjs = safeRequire('@tensorflow/tfjs-node');
 
@@ -52,102 +51,21 @@ async.series({
     // jimp
     jpegSuite.add('jimp-buffer-buffer', {
       defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        jimp.read(inputJpgBuffer, function (err, image) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            image
-              .resize(width, height, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
-              .quality(80)
-              .getBuffer(jimp.MIME_JPEG, function (err) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                } else {
-                  deferred.resolve();
-                }
-              });
-          }
-        });
+      fn: async function (deferred) {
+        const image = await Jimp.read(inputJpgBuffer);
+        await image
+          .resize({ w: width, h: height, mode: Jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC })
+          .getBuffer(JimpMime.jpeg, { quality: 80 });
+        deferred.resolve();
       }
     }).add('jimp-file-file', {
       defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        jimp.read(fixtures.inputJpg, function (err, image) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            image
-              .resize(width, height, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
-              .quality(80)
-              .write(outputJpg, function (err) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                } else {
-                  deferred.resolve();
-                }
-              });
-          }
-        });
-      }
-    });
-    // squoosh-cli
-    jpegSuite.add('squoosh-cli-file-file', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        exec(`./node_modules/.bin/squoosh-cli \
-          --output-dir ${os.tmpdir()} \
-          --resize '{"enabled":true,"width":${width},"height":${height},"method":"lanczos3","premultiply":false,"linearRGB":false}' \
-          --mozjpeg '{"quality":80,"progressive":false,"optimize_coding":true,"quant_table":0,"trellis_multipass":false,"chroma_subsample":2,"separate_chroma_quality":false}' \
-          "${fixtures.inputJpg}"`, function (err) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          }
-          deferred.resolve();
-        });
-      }
-    });
-    // squoosh-lib (GPLv3)
-    jpegSuite.add('squoosh-lib-buffer-buffer', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        const pool = new squoosh.ImagePool(os.cpus().length);
-        const image = pool.ingestImage(inputJpgBuffer);
-        image.decoded
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.preprocess({
-              resize: {
-                enabled: true,
-                width,
-                height,
-                method: 'lanczos3',
-                premultiply: false,
-                linearRGB: false
-              }
-            });
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.encode({
-              mozjpeg: {
-                quality: 80,
-                progressive: false,
-                optimize_coding: true,
-                quant_table: 0,
-                trellis_multipass: false,
-                chroma_subsample: 2,
-                separate_chroma_quality: false
-              }
-            });
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return pool.close();
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.encodedWith.mozjpeg;
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            deferred.resolve();
-          });
+      fn: async function (deferred) {
+        const image = await Jimp.read(fixtures.inputJpg);
+        await image
+          .resize({ w: width, h: height, mode: Jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC })
+          .getBuffer(JimpMime.jpeg, { quality: 80 });
+        deferred.resolve();
       }
     });
     // mapnik
@@ -634,6 +552,32 @@ async.series({
             }
           });
       }
+    }).add('sharp-mks2013', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
+          .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'mks2013' })
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
+            if (err) {
+              throw err;
+            } else {
+              deferred.resolve();
+            }
+          });
+      }
+    }).add('sharp-mks2021', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
+          .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'mks2021' })
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
+            if (err) {
+              throw err;
+            } else {
+              deferred.resolve();
+            }
+          });
+      }
     }).on('cycle', function (event) {
       console.log('kernels ' + String(event.target));
     }).on('complete', function () {
@@ -648,98 +592,21 @@ async.series({
     // jimp
     pngSuite.add('jimp-buffer-buffer', {
       defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        jimp.read(inputPngBuffer, function (err, image) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            image
-              .resize(width, heightPng, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
-              .deflateLevel(6)
-              .filterType(0)
-              .getBuffer(jimp.MIME_PNG, function (err) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                } else {
-                  deferred.resolve();
-                }
-              });
-          }
-        });
+      fn: async function (deferred) {
+        const image = await Jimp.read(inputPngBuffer);
+        await image
+          .resize({ w: width, h: heightPng, mode: Jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC })
+          .getBuffer(JimpMime.png, { deflateLevel: 6, filterType: 0 });
+        deferred.resolve();
       }
     }).add('jimp-file-file', {
       defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        jimp.read(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge, function (err, image) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            image
-              .resize(width, heightPng, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
-              .deflateLevel(6)
-              .filterType(0)
-              .write(outputPng, function (err) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                } else {
-                  deferred.resolve();
-                }
-              });
-          }
-        });
-      }
-    });
-    // squoosh-cli
-    pngSuite.add('squoosh-cli-file-file', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        exec(`./node_modules/.bin/squoosh-cli \
-          --output-dir ${os.tmpdir()} \
-          --resize '{"enabled":true,"width":${width},"height":${heightPng},"method":"lanczos3","premultiply":true,"linearRGB":false}' \
-          --oxipng '{"level":1}' \
-          "${fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge}"`, function (err) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          }
-          deferred.resolve();
-        });
-      }
-    });
-    // squoosh-lib (GPLv3)
-    pngSuite.add('squoosh-lib-buffer-buffer', {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function (deferred) {
-        const pool = new squoosh.ImagePool(os.cpus().length);
-        const image = pool.ingestImage(inputPngBuffer);
-        image.decoded
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.preprocess({
-              resize: {
-                enabled: true,
-                width,
-                height: heightPng,
-                method: 'lanczos3',
-                premultiply: true,
-                linearRGB: false
-              }
-            });
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.encode({
-              oxipng: {
-                level: 1
-              }
-            });
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return pool.close();
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            return image.encodedWith.oxipng;
-          })
-          .then(function () {
-            deferred.resolve();
-          });
+      fn: async function (deferred) {
+        const image = await Jimp.read(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge);
+        await image
+          .resize({ w: width, h: heightPng, mode: Jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC })
+          .write(outputPng, { deflateLevel: 6, filterType: 0 });
+        deferred.resolve();
       }
     });
     // mapnik

test/bench/random.js

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 sharp.cache(false);
-sharp.simd(true);
 
 const min = 320;
 const max = 960;