Release v0.21.0

Remove lwip and images as they lack Node 10 support

.npmignore

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ test
 .travis.yml
 appveyor.yml
 mkdocs.yml
+docs/css/
 vendor
 .prebuildrc
 .nyc_output

.travis.yml

@@ -1,34 +1,58 @@
-language: node_js
 matrix:
   include:
-    - os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      node_js: "4"
-    - os: linux
+    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 6"
+      os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: false
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "6"
-    - os: linux
+    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 8"
+      os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: false
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "8"
-    - os: linux
+    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 10"
+      os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: false
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
-      node_js: "4"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
+      after_success:
+        - npm install coveralls
+        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
+    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 8"
+      os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      sudo: true
+      language: minimal
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:8-alpine
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 10"
+      os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      sudo: true
+      language: minimal
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10-alpine
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+    - name: "OS X - Node 6"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "6"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
+    - name: "OS X - Node 8"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "8"
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
+    - name: "OS X - Node 10"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
-after_success:
-  - npm install coveralls
-  - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ New bugs are assigned a `triage` label whilst under investigation.
 
 If a [similar request](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/labels/enhancement) exists, it's probably fastest to add a comment to it about your requirement.
 
-Implementation is usually straightforward if _libvips_ [already supports](https://jcupitt.github.io/libvips/API/current/) the feature you need.
+Implementation is usually straightforward if _libvips_ [already supports](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/) the feature you need.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request to fix a bug
 

README.md

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux (glibc) systems running
-Node versions 4, 6, 8 and 10
+Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
+Node versions 6, 8 and 10
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ## Examples
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-const roundedCorners = new Buffer(
+const roundedCorners = Buffer.from(
   '<svg><rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="200" rx="50" ry="50"/></svg>'
 );
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Visit [sharp.pixelplumbing.com](http://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) for complete
 A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-### Licence
+### Licensing
 
 Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 

appveyor.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ build: off
 platform: x64
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "4"
   - nodejs_version: "6"
   - nodejs_version: "8"
   - nodejs_version: "10"

binding.gyp

@@ -128,9 +128,11 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libcairo.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libcroco-0.6.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libexif.so',
+              '../vendor/lib/libexpat.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libffi.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libfontconfig.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libfreetype.so',
+              '../vendor/lib/libfribidi.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libgif.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libgio-2.0.so',
@@ -138,6 +140,7 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libgsf-1.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libgthread-2.0.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libharfbuzz.so',
+              '../vendor/lib/libharfbuzz-subset.so.0',
               '../vendor/lib/libjpeg.so',
               '../vendor/lib/liblcms2.so',
               '../vendor/lib/liborc-0.4.so',
@@ -149,6 +152,8 @@
               '../vendor/lib/librsvg-2.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libtiff.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libwebp.so',
+              '../vendor/lib/libwebpdemux.so',
+              '../vendor/lib/libwebpmux.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libxml2.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libz.so',
               # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node

docs/api-channel.md

@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
+## removeAlpha
 
--   [extractChannel][1]
--   [joinChannel][2]
--   [bandbool][3]
+Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp('rgba.png')
+  .removeAlpha()
+  .toFile('rgb.png', function(err, info) {
+    // rgb.png is a 3 channel image without an alpha channel
+  });
+```
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## extractChannel
 
 Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `channel` **([Number][4] \| [String][5])** zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
+-   `channel` **([Number][1] \| [String][2])** zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
@@ -25,7 +35,7 @@ sharp(input)
    });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][6]** Invalid channel
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid channel
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -42,13 +52,13 @@ Channel ordering follows vips convention:
 Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp: JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data.
 For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, which follows the format of the attribute of the same name in the `sharp()` constructor.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `images` **([Array][7]&lt;([String][5] \| [Buffer][8])> | [String][5] \| [Buffer][8])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
--   `options` **[Object][9]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
+-   `images` **([Array][4]&lt;([String][2] \| [Buffer][5])> | [String][2] \| [Buffer][5])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
+-   `options` **[Object][6]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][6]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -56,11 +66,11 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Perform a bitwise boolean operation on all input image channels (bands) to produce a single channel output image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `boolOp` **[String][5]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+-   `boolOp` **[String][2]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp('3-channel-rgb-input.png')
@@ -72,24 +82,18 @@ sharp('3-channel-rgb-input.png')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][6]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #extractchannel
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[2]: #joinchannel
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: #bandbool
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[5]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object

docs/api-colour.md

@@ -1,43 +1,16 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [background][1]
--   [tint][2]
--   [greyscale][3]
--   [grayscale][4]
--   [toColourspace][5]
--   [toColorspace][6]
-
-## background
-
-Set the background for the `embed`, `flatten` and `extend` operations.
-The default background is `{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}`, black without transparency.
-
-Delegates to the _color_ module, which can throw an Error
-but is liberal in what it accepts, clipping values to sensible min/max.
-The alpha value is a float between `0` (transparent) and `1` (opaque).
-
-**Parameters**
-
--   `rgba` **([String][7] \| [Object][8])** parsed by the [color][9] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
-
-
--   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameter
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
 ## tint
 
 Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
 An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `rgb` **([String][7] \| [Object][8])** parsed by the [color][9] module to extract chroma values.
+-   `rgb` **([String][1] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameter
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameter
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -50,9 +23,9 @@ This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as `toColourspace('b-w')`,
 which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
 An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `greyscale` **[Boolean][11]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `greyscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -60,9 +33,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Alternative spelling of `greyscale`.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `grayscale` **[Boolean][11]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `grayscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -71,12 +44,12 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 Set the output colourspace.
 By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `colourspace` **[String][7]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][12]
+-   `colourspace` **[String][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][6]
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -84,35 +57,23 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `colorspace` **[String][7]?** output colorspace.
+-   `colorspace` **[String][1]?** output colorspace.
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #background
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[2]: #tint
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[3]: #greyscale
+[3]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
 
-[4]: #grayscale
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[5]: #tocolourspace
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[6]: #tocolorspace
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[9]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[12]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568
+[6]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [overlayWith][1]
-
 ## overlayWith
 
 Overlay (composite) an image over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
@@ -13,27 +9,27 @@ If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravit
 
 If the overlay image contains an alpha channel then composition with premultiplication will occur.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `overlay` **([Buffer][2] \| [String][3])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
--   `options` **[Object][4]?** 
-    -   `options.gravity` **[String][3]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    -   `options.top` **[Number][5]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
-    -   `options.left` **[Number][5]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][6]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.cutout` **[Boolean][6]** set to true to apply only the alpha channel of the overlay image to the input image, giving the appearance of one image being cut out of another. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.density` **[Number][5]** integral number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][5]?** 
-    -   `options.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
-        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][5]?** 3-4
-        -   `options.create.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][7] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+-   `overlay` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
+-   `options` **[Object][3]?** 
+    -   `options.gravity` **[String][2]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+    -   `options.top` **[Number][4]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
+    -   `options.left` **[Number][4]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
+    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][5]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.cutout` **[Boolean][5]** set to true to apply only the alpha channel of the overlay image to the input image, giving the appearance of one image being cut out of another. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.density` **[Number][4]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
+    -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
+        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][4]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][4]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][4]?** 
+    -   `options.create` **[Object][3]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
+        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][4]?** 
+        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][4]?** 
+        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][4]?** 3-4
+        -   `options.create.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][3])?** parsed by the [color][6] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp('input.png')
@@ -44,8 +40,7 @@ sharp('input.png')
   .overlayWith('overlay.png', { gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast } )
   .sharpen()
   .withMetadata()
-  .quality(90)
-  .webp()
+  .webp( { quality: 90 } )
   .toBuffer()
   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
     // outputBuffer contains upside down, 300px wide, alpha channel flattened
@@ -54,22 +49,20 @@ sharp('input.png')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][8]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][7]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #overlaywith
+[1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
-[2]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[6]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
 
-[7]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -1,37 +1,30 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [Sharp][1]
-    -   [format][2]
-    -   [versions][3]
--   [queue][4]
-
 ## Sharp
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `input` **([Buffer][5] \| [String][6])?** if present, can be
+-   `input` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])?** if present, can be
      a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
      a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
      JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
--   `options` **[Object][7]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][8]** by default apply a "best effort"
+-   `options` **[Object][3]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default apply a "best effort"
          to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. Set this flag to true
          if you'd rather halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.density` **[Number][9]** integral number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.page` **[Number][9]** page number to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF) (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][7]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][9]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][9]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][9]?** 1-4
-    -   `options.create` **[Object][7]?** describes a new image to be created.
-        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][9]?** 
-        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][9]?** 
-        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][9]?** 3-4
-        -   `options.create.background` **([String][6] \| [Object][7])?** parsed by the [color][10] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+    -   `options.density` **[Number][5]** number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
+    -   `options.page` **[Number][5]** page number to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF) (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
+        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][5]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][5]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][5]?** 1-4
+    -   `options.create` **[Object][3]?** describes a new image to be created.
+        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][5]?** 
+        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][5]?** 
+        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][5]?** 3-4
+        -   `options.create.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][3])?** parsed by the [color][6] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp('input.jpg')
@@ -62,7 +55,7 @@ sharp({
     width: 300,
     height: 200,
     channels: 4,
-    background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 128 }
+    background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }
   }
 })
 .png()
@@ -70,27 +63,27 @@ sharp({
 .then( ... );
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][11]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][7]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Sharp][12]** 
+Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
 
 ### format
 
 An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
 
-**Examples**
+#### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 console.log(sharp.format);
 ```
 
-Returns **[Object][7]** 
+Returns **[Object][3]** 
 
 ### versions
 
 An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
 
-**Examples**
+#### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 console.log(sharp.versions);
@@ -103,7 +96,7 @@ An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
 -   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
 -   complete
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
@@ -111,26 +104,18 @@ sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
 });
 ```
 
-[1]: #sharp
+[1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
-[2]: #format
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: #versions
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[4]: #queue
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[5]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[6]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
 
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[12]: #sharp
+[8]: #sharp

docs/api-input.md

@@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [clone][1]
--   [metadata][2]
--   [stats][3]
--   [limitInputPixels][4]
--   [sequentialRead][5]
-
 ## clone
 
 Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
 Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
 This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
@@ -33,25 +25,28 @@ Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image d
 A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 -   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
+-   `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
 -   `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
 -   `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
--   `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][6]
+-   `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][1]
 -   `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
--   `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...][7]
+-   `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...][2]
 -   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
+-   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
+-   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
 -   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
 -   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
 -   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
 -   `exif`: Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present
--   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][8] profile data, if present
+-   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
 -   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
 -   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `callback` **[Function][9]?** called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
+-   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ image
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **([Promise][10]&lt;[Object][11]> | Sharp)** 
+Returns **([Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]> | Sharp)** 
 
 ## stats
 
@@ -87,12 +82,13 @@ A Promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
     -   `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
     -   `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
 -   `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
+-   `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `callback` **[Function][9]?** called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
+-   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ image
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][10]&lt;[Object][11]>** 
+Returns **[Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]>** 
 
 ## limitInputPixels
 
@@ -111,12 +107,12 @@ Do not process input images where the number of pixels (width _ height) exceeds
 Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
 The default limit is 268402689 (0x3FFF _ 0x3FFF) pixels.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `limit` **([Number][12] \| [Boolean][13])** an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
+-   `limit` **([Number][7] \| [Boolean][8])** an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][14]** Invalid limit
+-   Throws **[Error][9]** Invalid limit
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -127,36 +123,26 @@ This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
 
 The default behaviour _before_ function call is `false`, meaning the libvips access method is not sequential.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `sequentialRead` **[Boolean][13]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `sequentialRead` **[Boolean][8]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #clone
+[1]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636
 
-[2]: #metadata
+[2]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672
 
-[3]: #stats
+[3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc
 
-[4]: #limitinputpixels
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[5]: #sequentialread
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[6]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[7]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[8]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc
+[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -1,34 +1,16 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [rotate][1]
--   [extract][2]
--   [flip][3]
--   [flop][4]
--   [sharpen][5]
--   [median][6]
--   [blur][7]
--   [extend][8]
--   [flatten][9]
--   [trim][10]
--   [gamma][11]
--   [negate][12]
--   [normalise][13]
--   [normalize][14]
--   [convolve][15]
--   [threshold][16]
--   [boolean][17]
--   [linear][18]
-
 ## rotate
 
 Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
 or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
-If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid 90/180/270deg rotation.
+If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
 For example, `-450` will produce a 270deg rotation.
 
+When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90,
+the background colour can be provided with the `background` option.
+
 If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data.
 Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
 
@@ -37,11 +19,13 @@ The use of `rotate` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 Method order is important when both rotating and extracting regions,
 for example `rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `extract(y).rotate(x)`.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `angle` **[Number][19]** angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `auto`)
+-   `angle` **[Number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
+-   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+    -   `options.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const pipeline = sharp()
@@ -55,47 +39,7 @@ const pipeline = sharp()
 readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## extract
-
-Extract a region of the image.
-
--   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
--   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
--   Use `extract` before and after for both.
-
-**Parameters**
-
--   `options` **[Object][21]** 
-    -   `options.left` **[Number][19]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
-    -   `options.top` **[Number][19]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
-    -   `options.width` **[Number][19]** dimension of extracted image
-    -   `options.height` **[Number][19]** dimension of extracted image
-
-**Examples**
-
-```javascript
-sharp(input)
-  .extract({ left: left, top: top, width: width, height: height })
-  .toFile(output, function(err) {
-    // Extract a region of the input image, saving in the same format.
-  });
-```
-
-```javascript
-sharp(input)
-  .extract({ left: leftOffsetPre, top: topOffsetPre, width: widthPre, height: heightPre })
-  .resize(width, height)
-  .extract({ left: leftOffsetPost, top: topOffsetPost, width: widthPost, height: heightPost })
-  .toFile(output, function(err) {
-    // Extract a region, resize, then extract from the resized image
-  });
-```
-
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -104,9 +48,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
 The use of `flip` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `flip` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `flip` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -115,9 +59,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 Flop the image about the horizontal X axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
 The use of `flop` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `flop` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `flop` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -128,14 +72,14 @@ When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild sharpen of the output image.
 When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
 Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is available.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][19]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
--   `flat` **[Number][19]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `jagged` **[Number][19]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
+-   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+-   `flat` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
+-   `jagged` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -144,12 +88,12 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 Apply median filter.
 When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `size` **[Number][19]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
+-   `size` **[Number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -159,64 +103,22 @@ Blur the image.
 When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild blur of the output image.
 When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][19]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+-   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## extend
-
-Extends/pads the edges of the image with the colour provided to the `background` method.
-This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
-
-**Parameters**
-
--   `extend` **([Number][19] \| [Object][21])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
-    -   `extend.top` **[Number][19]?** 
-    -   `extend.left` **[Number][19]?** 
-    -   `extend.bottom` **[Number][19]?** 
-    -   `extend.right` **[Number][19]?** 
-
-**Examples**
-
-```javascript
-// Resize to 140 pixels wide, then add 10 transparent pixels
-// to the top, left and right edges and 20 to the bottom edge
-sharp(input)
-  .resize(140)
-  .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
-  .extend({top: 10, bottom: 20, left: 10, right: 10})
-  ...
-```
-
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## flatten
 
-Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with `background`.
+Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `flatten` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## trim
-
-Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values within a percentage similarity of the top-left pixel.
-
-**Parameters**
-
--   `tolerance` **[Number][19]** value between 1 and 99 representing the percentage similarity. (optional, default `10`)
-
-
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   `options`  
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -228,12 +130,12 @@ This can improve the perceived brightness of a resized image in non-linear colou
 JPEG and WebP input images will not take advantage of the shrink-on-load performance optimisation
 when applying a gamma correction.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `gamma` **[Number][19]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
+-   `gamma` **[Number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -241,9 +143,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Produce the "negative" of the image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `negate` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `negate` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -251,9 +153,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover the full dynamic range.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `normalise` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `normalise` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -261,9 +163,9 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Alternative spelling of normalise.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `normalize` **[Boolean][22]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `normalize` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -271,16 +173,16 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Convolve the image with the specified kernel.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `kernel` **[Object][21]** 
-    -   `kernel.width` **[Number][19]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.height` **[Number][19]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][23]&lt;[Number][19]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
-    -   `kernel.scale` **[Number][19]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
-    -   `kernel.offset` **[Number][19]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
+-   `kernel` **[Object][2]** 
+    -   `kernel.width` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
+    -   `kernel.height` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
+    -   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]&lt;[Number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
+    -   `kernel.scale` **[Number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
+    -   `kernel.offset` **[Number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
@@ -296,7 +198,7 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -304,15 +206,15 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Any pixel value greather than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `threshold` **[Number][19]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
--   `options` **[Object][21]?** 
-    -   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][22]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][22]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
+-   `threshold` **[Number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
+-   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+    -   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][6]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -323,18 +225,18 @@ Perform a bitwise boolean operation with operand image.
 This operation creates an output image where each pixel is the result of
 the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the input images.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `operand` **([Buffer][24] \| [String][25])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
--   `operator` **[String][25]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
--   `options` **[Object][21]?** 
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][21]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][19]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][19]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][19]?** 
+-   `operand` **([Buffer][8] \| [String][3])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
+-   `operator` **[String][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+-   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+    -   `options.raw` **[Object][2]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
+        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][1]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][1]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][1]?** 
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -342,62 +244,28 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Apply the linear formula a \* input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `a` **[Number][19]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `b` **[Number][19]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
+-   `a` **[Number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
+-   `b` **[Number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][20]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #rotate
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[2]: #extract
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[3]: #flip
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[4]: #flop
+[4]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
 
-[5]: #sharpen
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[6]: #median
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[7]: #blur
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[8]: #extend
-
-[9]: #flatten
-
-[10]: #trim
-
-[11]: #gamma
-
-[12]: #negate
-
-[13]: #normalise
-
-[14]: #normalize
-
-[15]: #convolve
-
-[16]: #threshold
-
-[17]: #boolean
-
-[18]: #linear
-
-[19]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[20]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[21]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[22]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[23]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[24]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[25]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html

docs/api-output.md

@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [toFile][1]
--   [toBuffer][2]
--   [withMetadata][3]
--   [jpeg][4]
--   [png][5]
--   [webp][6]
--   [tiff][7]
--   [raw][8]
--   [toFormat][9]
--   [tile][10]
-
 ## toFile
 
 Write output image data to a file.
@@ -23,15 +10,15 @@ Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `fileOut` **[String][11]** the path to write the image data to.
--   `callback` **[Function][12]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
+-   `fileOut` **[String][1]** the path to write the image data to.
+-   `callback` **[Function][2]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
     `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
     `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
     When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
@@ -45,9 +32,9 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Promise][14]&lt;[Object][15]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][4]&lt;[Object][5]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
 
@@ -65,13 +52,13 @@ By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input whic
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][15]?** 
-    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][16]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
--   `callback` **[Function][12]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
+    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][6]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+-   `callback` **[Function][2]?** 
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
@@ -92,7 +79,7 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][14]&lt;[Buffer][17]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][4]&lt;[Buffer][7]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
 
@@ -100,12 +87,12 @@ Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
 The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
 This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `withMetadata` **[Object][15]?** 
-    -   `withMetadata.orientation` **[Number][18]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+-   `withMetadata` **[Object][5]?** 
+    -   `withMetadata.orientation` **[Number][8]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp('input.jpg')
@@ -114,7 +101,7 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -122,19 +109,23 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][15]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][18]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][16]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][11]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality &lt;= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][16]** apply trellis quantisation, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][16]** apply overshoot deringing, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][16]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][16]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][16]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][1]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality &lt;= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
+    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][6]** apply trellis quantisation, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][6]** apply overshoot deringing, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][6]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][6]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][8]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Convert any input to very high quality JPEG output
@@ -146,7 +137,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -157,15 +148,15 @@ Use these PNG options for output image.
 PNG output is always full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
 Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][15]?** 
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][16]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][18]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
-    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][16]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][16]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][8]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
+    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][6]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Convert any input to PNG output
@@ -174,7 +165,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -182,16 +173,16 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these WebP options for output image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][15]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][18]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][18]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][16]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][16]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][16]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][8]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][6]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][6]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Convert any input to lossless WebP output
@@ -200,7 +191,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -208,18 +199,18 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][15]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][18]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][16]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][16]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][16]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    -   `options.xres` **[Number][18]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.yres` **[Number][18]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][16]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
+-   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][6]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
+    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][6]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
+    -   `options.xres` **[Number][8]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.yres` **[Number][8]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][6]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Convert SVG input to LZW-compressed, 1 bit per pixel TIFF output
@@ -232,7 +223,7 @@ sharp('input.svg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -240,7 +231,7 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Extract raw RGB pixel data from JPEG input
@@ -255,12 +246,12 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Force output to a given format.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `format` **([String][11] \| [Object][15])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
--   `options` **[Object][15]** output options
+-   `format` **([String][1] \| [Object][5])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+-   `options` **[Object][5]** output options
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 // Convert any input to PNG output
@@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** unsupported format or options
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** unsupported format or options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -281,16 +272,17 @@ Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed arc
 
 Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose a possible race condition in some versions of libgsf.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `tile` **[Object][15]?** 
-    -   `tile.size` **[Number][18]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `tile.overlap` **[Number][18]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.angle` **[Number][18]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.container` **[String][11]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    -   `tile.layout` **[String][11]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+-   `tile` **[Object][5]?** 
+    -   `tile.size` **[Number][8]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `tile.overlap` **[Number][8]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `tile.angle` **[Number][8]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `tile.depth` **[String][1]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+    -   `tile.container` **[String][1]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    -   `tile.layout` **[String][1]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp('input.tiff')
@@ -304,42 +296,22 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #tofile
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[2]: #tobuffer
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[3]: #withmetadata
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[4]: #jpeg
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[5]: #png
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[6]: #webp
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[7]: #tiff
+[7]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
-[8]: #raw
-
-[9]: #toformat
-
-[10]: #tile
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
-
-[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
-
-[15]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[16]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[17]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[18]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -1,206 +1,232 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [resize][1]
--   [crop][2]
--   [embed][3]
--   [max][4]
--   [min][5]
--   [ignoreAspectRatio][6]
--   [withoutEnlargement][7]
-
 ## resize
 
-Resize image to `width` x `height`.
-By default, the resized image is centre cropped to the exact size specified.
+Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
 
-Possible kernels are:
+When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
 
--   `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation][8].
--   `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline][9].
--   `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel][10] with `a=2`.
--   `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
+-   `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
+-   `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
+-   `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
+-   `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
+-   `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+    Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
 
-**Parameters**
+When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
 
--   `width` **[Number][11]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
--   `height` **[Number][11]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
--   `options` **[Object][12]?** 
-    -   `options.kernel` **[String][13]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
-    -   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][14]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
-
-**Examples**
-
-```javascript
-sharp(inputBuffer)
-  .resize(200, 300, {
-    kernel: sharp.kernel.nearest
-  })
-  .background('white')
-  .embed()
-  .toFile('output.tiff')
-  .then(function() {
-    // output.tiff is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image
-    // containing a nearest-neighbour scaled version, embedded on a white canvas,
-    // of the image data in inputBuffer
-  });
-```
-
--   Throws **[Error][15]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## crop
-
-Crop the resized image to the exact size specified, the default behaviour.
-
-Possible attributes of the optional `sharp.gravity` are `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`,
-`southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` and `centre`.
+-   `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
+-   `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
+-   `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
+    Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
 
 The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
 then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
 
--   `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy][16].
+-   `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy][3].
 -   `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
 
-**Parameters**
+Possible interpolation kernels are:
 
--   `crop` **[String][13]** A member of `sharp.gravity` to crop to an edge/corner or `sharp.strategy` to crop dynamically. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+-   `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation][4].
+-   `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline][5].
+-   `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel][6] with `a=2`.
+-   `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
 
-**Examples**
+### Parameters
+
+-   `width` **[Number][7]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+-   `height` **[Number][7]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+-   `options` **[Object][8]?** 
+    -   `options.width` **[String][9]?** alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
+    -   `options.height` **[String][9]?** alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
+    -   `options.fit` **[String][9]** how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. (optional, default `'cover'`)
+    -   `options.position` **[String][9]** position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+    -   `options.background` **([String][9] \| [Object][8])** background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
+    -   `options.kernel` **[String][9]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
+    -   `options.withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][11]** do not enlarge if the width _or_ height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][11]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .resize({ width: 100 })
+  .toBuffer()
+  .then(data => {
+    // 100 pixels wide, auto-scaled height
+  });
+```
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .resize({ height: 100 })
+  .toBuffer()
+  .then(data => {
+    // 100 pixels high, auto-scaled width
+  });
+```
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .resize(200, 300, {
+    kernel: sharp.kernel.nearest,
+    fit: 'contain',
+    position: 'right top',
+    background: { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 0.5 }
+  })
+  .toFile('output.png')
+  .then(() => {
+    // output.png is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image
+    // containing a nearest-neighbour scaled version
+    // contained within the north-east corner of a semi-transparent white canvas
+  });
+```
 
 ```javascript
 const transformer = sharp()
-  .resize(200, 200)
-  .crop(sharp.strategy.entropy)
-  .on('error', function(err) {
-    console.log(err);
+  .resize({
+    width: 200,
+    height: 200,
+    fit: sharp.fit.cover,
+    position: sharp.strategy.entropy
   });
 // Read image data from readableStream
 // Write 200px square auto-cropped image data to writableStream
-readableStream.pipe(transformer).pipe(writableStream);
+readableStream
+  .pipe(transformer)
+  .pipe(writableStream);
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][15]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## embed
-
-Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to the maximum `width` or `height` specified
-then embed on a background of the exact `width` and `height` specified.
-
-If the background contains an alpha value then WebP and PNG format output images will
-contain an alpha channel, even when the input image does not.
-
-**Parameters**
-
--   `embed` **[String][13]** A member of `sharp.gravity` to embed to an edge/corner. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-
-**Examples**
-
 ```javascript
-sharp('input.gif')
-  .resize(200, 300)
-  .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
-  .embed()
-  .toFormat(sharp.format.webp)
-  .toBuffer(function(err, outputBuffer) {
-    if (err) {
-      throw err;
-    }
-    // outputBuffer contains WebP image data of a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high
-    // containing a scaled version, embedded on a transparent canvas, of input.gif
-  });
-```
-
--   Throws **[Error][15]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## max
-
-Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible
-while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to the `width` and `height` specified.
-
-Both `width` and `height` must be provided via `resize` otherwise the behaviour will default to `crop`.
-
-**Examples**
-
-```javascript
-sharp(inputBuffer)
-  .resize(200, 200)
-  .max()
+sharp(input)
+  .resize(200, 200, {
+    fit: sharp.fit.inside,
+    withoutEnlargement: true
+  })
   .toFormat('jpeg')
   .toBuffer()
   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
-    // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data no wider than 200 pixels and no higher
-    // than 200 pixels regardless of the inputBuffer image dimensions
+    // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data
+    // no wider and no higher than 200 pixels
+    // and no larger than the input image
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## min
-
-Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible
-while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to the `width` and `height` specified.
-
-Both `width` and `height` must be provided via `resize` otherwise the behaviour will default to `crop`.
+-   Throws **[Error][12]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-## ignoreAspectRatio
+## extend
 
-Ignoring the aspect ratio of the input, stretch the image to
-the exact `width` and/or `height` provided via `resize`.
+Extends/pads the edges of the image with the provided background colour.
+This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `extend` **([Number][7] \| [Object][8])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+    -   `extend.top` **[Number][7]?** 
+    -   `extend.left` **[Number][7]?** 
+    -   `extend.bottom` **[Number][7]?** 
+    -   `extend.right` **[Number][7]?** 
+    -   `extend.background` **([String][9] \| [Object][8])** background colour, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Resize to 140 pixels wide, then add 10 transparent pixels
+// to the top, left and right edges and 20 to the bottom edge
+sharp(input)
+  .resize(140)
+  .)
+  .extend({
+    top: 10,
+    bottom: 20,
+    left: 10,
+    right: 10
+    background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+  })
+  ...
+```
+
+-   Throws **[Error][12]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-## withoutEnlargement
+## extract
 
-Do not enlarge the output image if the input image width _or_ height are already less than the required dimensions.
-This is equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option:
-"_change the dimensions of the image only if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification_".
-Use with `max()` to preserve the image's aspect ratio.
+Extract a region of the image.
 
-The default behaviour _before_ function call is `false`, meaning the image will be enlarged.
+-   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
+-   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
+-   Use `extract` before and after for both.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][14]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][8]** 
+    -   `options.left` **[Number][7]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
+    -   `options.top` **[Number][7]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
+    -   `options.width` **[Number][7]** dimension of extracted image
+    -   `options.height` **[Number][7]** dimension of extracted image
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .extract({ left: left, top: top, width: width, height: height })
+  .toFile(output, function(err) {
+    // Extract a region of the input image, saving in the same format.
+  });
+```
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .extract({ left: leftOffsetPre, top: topOffsetPre, width: widthPre, height: heightPre })
+  .resize(width, height)
+  .extract({ left: leftOffsetPost, top: topOffsetPost, width: widthPost, height: heightPost })
+  .toFile(output, function(err) {
+    // Extract a region, resize, then extract from the resized image
+  });
+```
+
+-   Throws **[Error][12]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: #resize
+## trim
 
-[2]: #crop
+Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
-[3]: #embed
+### Parameters
 
-[4]: #max
+-   `threshold` **[Number][7]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
 
-[5]: #min
 
-[6]: #ignoreaspectratio
+-   Throws **[Error][12]** Invalid parameters
 
-[7]: #withoutenlargement
+Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[8]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit
 
-[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position
 
-[10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29
 
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation
 
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline
 
-[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel
 
-[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[15]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[16]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+
+[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+
+[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+
+[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -1,12 +1,5 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-### Table of Contents
-
--   [cache][1]
--   [concurrency][2]
--   [counters][3]
--   [simd][4]
-
 ## cache
 
 Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
@@ -14,14 +7,14 @@ Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
 This method always returns cache statistics,
 useful for determining how much working memory is required for a particular task.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `options` **([Object][5] \| [Boolean][6])** Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.memory` **[Number][7]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
-    -   `options.files` **[Number][7]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
-    -   `options.items` **[Number][7]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
+-   `options` **([Object][1] \| [Boolean][2])** Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.memory` **[Number][3]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
+    -   `options.files` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
+    -   `options.items` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const stats = sharp.cache();
@@ -33,7 +26,7 @@ sharp.cache( { files: 0 } );
 sharp.cache(false);
 ```
 
-Returns **[Object][5]** 
+Returns **[Object][1]** 
 
 ## concurrency
 
@@ -47,11 +40,11 @@ is limited by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable.
 
 This method always returns the current concurrency.
 
-**Parameters**
+### Parameters
 
--   `concurrency` **[Number][7]?** 
+-   `concurrency` **[Number][3]?** 
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const threads = sharp.concurrency(); // 4
@@ -59,7 +52,7 @@ sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
 sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
 ```
 
-Returns **[Number][7]** concurrency
+Returns **[Number][3]** concurrency
 
 ## counters
 
@@ -68,13 +61,13 @@ Provides access to internal task counters.
 -   queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread from its pool.
 -   process is the number of resize tasks currently being processed.
 
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const counters = sharp.counters(); // { queue: 2, process: 4 }
 ```
 
-Returns **[Object][5]** 
+Returns **[Object][1]** 
 
 ## simd
 
@@ -84,37 +77,26 @@ Requires libvips to have been compiled with liborc support.
 Improves the performance of `resize`, `blur` and `sharpen` operations
 by taking advantage of the SIMD vector unit of the CPU, e.g. Intel SSE and ARM NEON.
 
-This feature is currently off by default but future versions may reverse this.
-Versions of liborc prior to 0.4.25 are known to segfault under heavy load.
+### Parameters
 
-**Parameters**
+-   `simd` **[Boolean][2]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
--   `simd` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `false`)
-
-**Examples**
+### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 const simd = sharp.simd();
-// simd is `true` if SIMD is currently enabled
+// simd is `true` if the runtime use of liborc is currently enabled
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-const simd = sharp.simd(true);
-// attempts to enable the use of SIMD, returning true if available
+const simd = sharp.simd(false);
+// prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
 ```
 
-Returns **[Boolean][6]** 
+Returns **[Boolean][2]** 
 
-[1]: #cache
+[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[2]: #concurrency
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[3]: #counters
-
-[4]: #simd
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,9 +1,112 @@
 # Changelog
 
+### v0.21 - "*teeth*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.7.0.
+
+#### v0.21.0 - 4<sup>th</sup> October 2018
+
+* Deprecate the following resize-related functions:
+    `crop`, `embed`, `ignoreAspectRatio`, `max`, `min` and `withoutEnlargement`.
+  Access to these is now via options passed to the `resize` function.
+  For example:
+    `embed('north')` is now `resize(width, height, { fit: 'contain', position: 'north' })`,
+    `crop('attention')` is now `resize(width, height, { fit: 'cover', position: 'attention' })`,
+    `max().withoutEnlargement()` is now `resize(width, height, { fit: 'inside', withoutEnlargement: true })`.
+  [#1135](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1135)
+
+* Deprecate the `background` function.
+    Per-operation `background` options added to `resize`, `extend` and `flatten` operations.
+  [#1392](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1392)
+
+* Add `size` to `metadata` response (Stream and Buffer input only).
+  [#695](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/695)
+
+* Switch from custom trim operation to `vips_find_trim`.
+  [#914](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/914)
+
+* Add `chromaSubsampling` and `isProgressive` properties to `metadata` response.
+  [#1186](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1186)
+
+* Drop Node 4 support.
+  [#1212](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1212)
+
+* Enable SIMD convolution by default.
+  [#1213](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1213)
+
+* Add experimental prebuilt binaries for musl-based Linux.
+  [#1379](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1379)
+
+* Add support for arbitrary rotation angle via vips_rotate.
+  [#1385](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1385)
+  [@freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
+
 ### v0.20 - "*prebuild*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
+#### v0.20.8 - 5<sup>th</sup> September 2018
+
+* Avoid race conditions when creating directories during installation.
+  [#1358](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1358)
+  [@ajhool](https://github.com/ajhool)
+
+* Accept floating point values for input density parameter.
+  [#1362](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1362)
+  [@aeirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
+
+#### v0.20.7 - 21<sup>st</sup> August 2018
+
+* Use copy+unlink if rename operation fails during installation.
+  [#1345](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1345)
+
+#### v0.20.6 - 20<sup>th</sup> August 2018
+
+* Add removeAlpha operation to remove alpha channel, if any.
+  [#1248](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1248)
+
+* Expose mozjpeg quant_table flag.
+  [#1285](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1285)
+  [@rexxars](https://github.com/rexxars)
+
+* Allow full WebP alphaQuality range of 0-100.
+  [#1290](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1290)
+  [@sylvaindumont](https://github.com/sylvaindumont)
+
+* Cache libvips binaries to reduce re-install time.
+  [#1301](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1301)
+
+* Ensure vendor platform mismatch throws error at install time.
+  [#1303](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1303)
+
+* Improve install time error messages for FreeBSD users.
+  [#1310](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1310)
+
+* Ensure extractChannel works with 16-bit images.
+  [#1330](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1330)
+
+* Expose depth option for tile-based output.
+  [#1342](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1342)
+  [@alundavies](https://github.com/alundavies)
+
+* Add experimental entropy field to stats response.
+
+#### v0.20.5 - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+
+* Expose libjpeg optimize_coding flag.
+  [#1265](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1265)
+  [@tomlokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
+
+#### v0.20.4 - 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+
+* Prevent possible rounding error when using shrink-on-load and 90/270 degree rotation.
+  [#1241](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1241)
+  [@anahit42](https://github.com/anahit42)
+
+* Ensure extractChannel sets correct single-channel colour space interpretation.
+  [#1257](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1257)
+  [@jeremychone](https://github.com/jeremychone)
+
 #### v0.20.3 - 29<sup>th</sup> May 2018
 
 * Fix tint operation by ensuring LAB interpretation and allowing negative values.

docs/css/extra.css

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/* Nest document subheadings in navigation */
+ul.subnav ul:not(.subnav) {
+  padding-left: 2em;
+  font-size: 80%;
+}

docs/index.md

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux (glibc) systems running
-Node versions 4, 6, 8 and 10
+Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
+Node versions 6, 8 and 10
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 [![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ and [Leaflet](https://github.com/turban/Leaflet.Zoomify).
 ### Fast
 
 This module is powered by the blazingly fast
-[libvips](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips) image processing library,
+[libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips) image processing library,
 originally created in 1989 at Birkbeck College
 and currently maintained by
 [John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt).
@@ -112,10 +112,17 @@ the help and code contributions of the following people:
 * [Rik Heywood](https://github.com/rikh42)
 * [Thomas Parisot](https://github.com/oncletom)
 * [Nathan Graves](https://github.com/woolite64)
+* [Tom Lokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
+* [Espen Hovlandsdal](https://github.com/rexxars)
+* [Sylvain Dumont](https://github.com/sylvaindumont)
+* [Alun Davies](https://github.com/alundavies)
+* [Aidan Hoolachan](https://github.com/ajhool)
+* [Axel Eirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
+* [Freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
 
 Thank you!
 
-### Licence
+### Licensing
 
 Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 

docs/install.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ yarn add sharp
 ### Building from source
 
 Pre-compiled binaries for sharp are provided for use with
-Node versions 4, 6, 8 and 10 on
+Node versions 6, 8 and 10 on
 64-bit Windows, OS X and Linux platforms.
 
 Sharp will be built from source at install time when:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Sharp will be built from source at install time when:
 Building from source requires:
 
 * C++11 compatible compiler such as gcc 4.8+, clang 3.0+ or MSVC 2013+
-* [node-gyp](https://github.com/TooTallNate/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies (includes Python)
+* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies (includes Python 2.7)
 
 ## libvips
 
@@ -36,13 +36,14 @@ Building from source requires:
 [![Ubuntu 16.04 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
 
 libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 7MB.
+This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 8MB.
 
-Most recent Linux-based operating systems with glibc running on x64 and ARMv6+ CPUs should "just work", e.g.:
+Most Linux-based (glibc, musl) operating systems running on x64 and ARMv6+ CPUs should "just work", e.g.:
 
 * Debian 7+
 * Ubuntu 14.04+
 * Centos 7+
+* Alpine 3.8+ (Node 8 and 10)
 * Fedora
 * openSUSE 13.2+
 * Archlinux
@@ -61,9 +62,9 @@ and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` at runtime.
 This allows the use of newer versions of libvips with older versions of sharp.
 
 For 32-bit Intel CPUs and older Linux-based operating systems such as Centos 6,
-it is recommended to install a system-wide installation of libvips from source:
+compiling libvips from source is recommended.
 
-https://jcupitt.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball
+[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball)
 
 #### Alpine Linux
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ libvips is available in the
 [testing repository](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=vips-dev):
 
 ```sh
-apk add vips-dev fftw-dev --update-cache --repository https://dl-3.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/
+apk add vips-dev fftw-dev build-base --update-cache --repository https://dl-3.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing/
 ```
 
 The smaller stack size of musl libc means
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
 [![Windows x64 Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/pgtul704nkhhg6sg)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lovell/sharp)
 
 libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules\sharp\vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 12MB.
+This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 13MB.
 
 Only 64-bit (x64) `node.exe` is supported.
 
@@ -117,9 +118,6 @@ https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=193528
 
 ### Heroku
 
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules\sharp\vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 7MB.
-
 Set [NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
 to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
 
@@ -154,12 +152,13 @@ can be built using Docker.
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs6.10 npm install
+docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs8.10 npm install
 ```
 
-Set the Lambda runtime to Node.js 6.10.
+Set the Lambda runtime to Node.js 8.10.
 
-To get the best performance select the largest memory available. A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
+To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
+A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
 
 ### NW.js
 
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ nw-gyp rebuild --arch=x64 --target=[your nw version]
 node node_modules/sharp/install/dll-copy
 ```
 
-See also http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/
+[http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/](http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/)
 
 ### Build tools
 
@@ -199,28 +198,6 @@ and [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org/) have been used to test
 the most popular web-based formats, as well as libvips itself,
 you are advised to perform your own testing and sandboxing.
 
-ImageMagick in particular has a relatively large attack surface,
-which can be partially mitigated with a
-[policy.xml](http://www.imagemagick.org/script/resources.php)
-configuration file to prevent the use of coders known to be vulnerable.
-
-```xml
-<policymap>
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="EPHEMERAL" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="URL" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="HTTPS" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="MVG" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="MSL" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="TEXT" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="SHOW" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="WIN" />
-  <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PLT" />
-</policymap>
-```
-
-Set the `MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH` environment variable
-to the directory containing the `policy.xml` file.
-
 ### Pre-compiled libvips binaries
 
 This module will attempt to download a pre-compiled bundle of libvips
@@ -236,7 +213,8 @@ SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install sharp
 ```
 
 Should you need to manually download and inspect these files,
-you can do so via https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases
+you can do so via
+[https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases](https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases)
 
 Should you wish to install these from your own location,
 set the `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL` environment variable, e.g.
@@ -265,6 +243,8 @@ Use of libraries under the terms of the LGPLv3 is via the
 | expat         | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
 | fontconfig    | [fontconfig Licence](https://cgit.freedesktop.org/fontconfig/tree/COPYING) (BSD-like)                    |
 | freetype      | [freetype Licence](http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/freetype/freetype2.git/tree/docs/FTL.TXT) (BSD-like) |
+| fribidi       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
+| gettext       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
 | giflib        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
 | glib          | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
 | harfbuzz      | MIT Licence                                                                                              |

docs/performance.md

@@ -3,19 +3,17 @@
 ### Test environment
 
 * AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
-* Ubuntu 17.10 (hvm:ebs-ssd, 20180102, ami-0741d47e)
-* Node.js v8.9.4
+* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
+* Node.js v10.11.0
 
 ### The contenders
 
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.2.28 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Bilinear interpolation only.
-* [pajk-lwip](https://www.npmjs.com/package/pajk-lwip) v0.2.0 (fork) - Wrapper around CImg that compiles dependencies from source.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v3.6.2 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.5.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.0.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
 * [imagemagick-native](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick-native) v1.9.3 - Wrapper around libmagick++, supports Buffers only.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* [images](https://www.npmjs.com/package/images) v3.0.1 - Compiles dependencies from source. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* sharp v0.19.0 / libvips v8.6.1 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* sharp v0.21.0 / libvips v8.7.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
 ### The task
 
@@ -27,19 +25,14 @@ then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp (bilinear)    | buffer | buffer |    1.14 |      1.0 |
-| lwip               | buffer | buffer |    1.86 |      1.6 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.34 |      2.9 |
-| imagemagick-native | buffer | buffer |    4.13 |      3.6 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    4.21 |      3.7 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    4.27 |      3.7 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.67 |      4.1 |
-| images (bicubic)   | file   | file   |    6.22 |      5.5 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   24.43 |     21.4 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   25.97 |     22.7 |
-| sharp              | file   | buffer |   26.00 |     22.8 |
-| sharp              | buffer | file   |   26.33 |     23.0 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   26.43 |     23.1 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.71 |      1.0 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.32 |      4.7 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.97 |      5.6 |
+| imagemagick-native | buffer | buffer |    4.06 |      5.7 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.24 |      6.0 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   25.30 |     35.6 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   26.17 |     36.9 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   26.45 |     37.3 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
@@ -57,7 +50,7 @@ brew install mapnik
 ```
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick mapnik-dev
+sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
 ```
 
 ```sh

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 
 const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
+const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 
 if (process.platform === 'win32') {
@@ -11,8 +12,8 @@ if (process.platform === 'win32') {
   const buildReleaseDir = path.join(buildDir, 'Release');
   npmLog.info('sharp', `Creating ${buildReleaseDir}`);
   try {
-    fs.mkdirSync(buildDir);
-    fs.mkdirSync(buildReleaseDir);
+    libvips.mkdirSync(buildDir);
+    libvips.mkdirSync(buildReleaseDir);
   } catch (err) {}
   const vendorLibDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', 'lib');
   npmLog.info('sharp', `Copying DLLs from ${vendorLibDir} to ${buildReleaseDir}`);

install/libvips.js

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 const semver = require('semver');
 const simpleGet = require('simple-get');
 const tar = require('tar');
+const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
 
 const agent = require('../lib/agent');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
@@ -17,6 +18,24 @@ const platform = require('../lib/platform');
 const minimumLibvipsVersion = libvips.minimumLibvipsVersion;
 const distBaseUrl = process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download/v${minimumLibvipsVersion}/`;
 
+const fail = function (err) {
+  npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
+  npmLog.error('sharp', 'Please see http://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install');
+  process.exit(1);
+};
+
+const extractTarball = function (tarPath) {
+  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor');
+  libvips.mkdirSync(vendorPath);
+  tar
+    .extract({
+      file: tarPath,
+      cwd: vendorPath,
+      strict: true
+    })
+    .catch(fail);
+};
+
 try {
   const useGlobalLibvips = libvips.useGlobalLibvips();
   if (useGlobalLibvips) {
@@ -29,54 +48,54 @@ try {
   } else {
     // Is this arch/platform supported?
     const arch = process.env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
-    if (platform() === 'win32-ia32') {
+    const platformAndArch = platform();
+    if (platformAndArch === 'win32-ia32') {
       throw new Error('Windows x86 (32-bit) node.exe is not supported');
     }
     if (arch === 'ia32') {
-      throw new Error(`Intel Architecture 32-bit systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}\n`);
+      throw new Error(`Intel Architecture 32-bit systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) {
-      throw new Error(`Use with ${detectLibc.family} libc requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+    if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64') {
+      throw new Error(`FreeBSD systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
     if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, '2.13.0')) {
       throw new Error(`Use with glibc version ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
     // Download to per-process temporary file
-    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platform()].join('-') + '.tar.gz';
-    const tarPathTemp = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${process.pid}-${tarFilename}`);
-    const tmpFile = fs.createWriteStream(tarPathTemp);
-    const url = distBaseUrl + tarFilename;
-    npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
-    simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
-      if (err) {
-        throw err;
-      }
-      if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
-        throw new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode}`);
-      }
-      response.pipe(tmpFile);
-    });
-    tmpFile.on('close', function () {
-      const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor');
-      fs.mkdirSync(vendorPath);
-      tar
-        .extract({
-          file: tarPathTemp,
-          cwd: vendorPath,
-          strict: true
-        })
-        .then(function () {
-          try {
-            fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
-          } catch (err) {}
-        })
-        .catch(function (err) {
+    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.gz';
+    const tarPathCache = path.join(libvips.cachePath(), tarFilename);
+    if (fs.existsSync(tarPathCache)) {
+      npmLog.info('sharp', `Using cached ${tarPathCache}`);
+      extractTarball(tarPathCache);
+    } else {
+      const tarPathTemp = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${process.pid}-${tarFilename}`);
+      const tmpFile = fs.createWriteStream(tarPathTemp);
+      const url = distBaseUrl + tarFilename;
+      npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
+      simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
+        if (err) {
           throw err;
+        }
+        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
+          throw new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode}`);
+        }
+        response.pipe(tmpFile);
+      });
+      tmpFile
+        .on('error', fail)
+        .on('close', function () {
+          try {
+            // Attempt to rename
+            fs.renameSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+          } catch (err) {
+            // Fall back to copy and unlink
+            copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+            fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
+          }
+          extractTarball(tarPathCache);
         });
-    });
+    }
   }
 } catch (err) {
-  npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
-  npmLog.error('sharp', 'Please see http://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install');
-  process.exit(1);
+  fail(err);
 }

lib/channel.js

@@ -12,6 +12,23 @@ const bool = {
   eor: 'eor'
 };
 
+/**
+ * Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp('rgba.png')
+ *   .removeAlpha()
+ *   .toFile('rgb.png', function(err, info) {
+ *     // rgb.png is a 3 channel image without an alpha channel
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ */
+function removeAlpha () {
+  this.options.removeAlpha = true;
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
  *
@@ -102,6 +119,7 @@ function bandbool (boolOp) {
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   // Public instance functions
   [
+    removeAlpha,
     extractChannel,
     joinChannel,
     bandbool

lib/colour.js

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
+
 const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 
@@ -16,25 +18,20 @@ const colourspace = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Set the background for the `embed`, `flatten` and `extend` operations.
- * The default background is `{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}`, black without transparency.
- *
- * Delegates to the _color_ module, which can throw an Error
- * but is liberal in what it accepts, clipping values to sensible min/max.
- * The alpha value is a float between `0` (transparent) and `1` (opaque).
- *
- * @param {String|Object} rgba - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameter
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function background (rgba) {
   const colour = color(rgba);
-  this.options.background = [
+  const background = [
     colour.red(),
     colour.green(),
     colour.blue(),
     Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
   ];
+  this.options.resizeBackground = background;
+  this.options.extendBackground = background;
+  this.options.flattenBackground = background.slice(0, 3);
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +77,7 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
 /**
  * Set the output colourspace.
  * By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
- * @param {String} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568)
+ * @param {String} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -102,23 +99,45 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
   return this.toColourspace(colorspace);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {String|Object} val
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid key
+ */
+function _setColourOption (key, val) {
+  if (is.object(val) || is.string(val)) {
+    const colour = color(val);
+    this.options[key] = [
+      colour.red(),
+      colour.green(),
+      colour.blue(),
+      Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
+    ];
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with colour-related functions.
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
-  // Public instance functions
   [
-    background,
+    // Public
     tint,
     greyscale,
     grayscale,
     toColourspace,
-    toColorspace
+    toColorspace,
+    // Private
+    _setColourOption
   ].forEach(function (f) {
     Sharp.prototype[f.name] = f;
   });
   // Class attributes
   Sharp.colourspace = colourspace;
   Sharp.colorspace = colourspace;
+  // Deprecated
+  Sharp.prototype.background = deprecate(background, 'background(background) is deprecated, use resize({ background }), extend({ background }) or flatten({ background }) instead');
 };

lib/composite.js

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *   .overlayWith('overlay.png', { gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast } )
  *   .sharpen()
  *   .withMetadata()
- *   .quality(90)
- *   .webp()
+ *   .webp( { quality: 90 } )
  *   .toBuffer()
  *   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
  *     // outputBuffer contains upside down, 300px wide, alpha channel flattened
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ const is = require('./is');
  * @param {Number} [options.left] - the pixel offset from the left edge.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.tile=false] - set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.cutout=false] - set to true to apply only the alpha channel of the overlay image to the input image, giving the appearance of one image being cut out of another.
- * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - integral number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
+ * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
  * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
  * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]

lib/constructor.js

@@ -4,43 +4,11 @@ const path = require('path');
 const util = require('util');
 const stream = require('stream');
 const events = require('events');
-const semver = require('semver');
 const is = require('./is');
-const platform = require('./platform');
+
+require('./libvips').hasVendoredLibvips();
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
-// Vendor platform
-(function () {
-  let vendorPlatformId;
-  try {
-    vendorPlatformId = require('../vendor/platform.json');
-  } catch (err) {
-    return;
-  }
-  const currentPlatformId = platform();
-  /* istanbul ignore if */
-  if (currentPlatformId !== vendorPlatformId) {
-    throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm rebuild'.`);
-  }
-})();
-
-// Versioning
-let versions = {
-  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
-};
-(function () {
-  // Does libvips meet minimum requirement?
-  const libvipsVersionMin = require('../package.json').config.libvips;
-  /* istanbul ignore if */
-  if (semver.lt(versions.vips, libvipsVersionMin)) {
-    throw new Error('Found libvips ' + versions.vips + ' but require at least ' + libvipsVersionMin);
-  }
-  // Include versions of dependencies, if present
-  try {
-    versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
-  } catch (err) {}
-})();
-
 // Use NODE_DEBUG=sharp to enable libvips warnings
 const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 
@@ -81,7 +49,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *     width: 300,
  *     height: 200,
  *     channels: 4,
- *     background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 128 }
+ *     background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }
  *   }
  * })
  * .png()
@@ -96,7 +64,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=false] - by default apply a "best effort"
  *  to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. Set this flag to true
  *  if you'd rather halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
- * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - integral number representing the DPI for vector images.
+ * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images.
  * @param {Number} [options.page=0] - page number to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF)
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
  * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
@@ -136,10 +104,12 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     width: -1,
     height: -1,
     canvas: 'crop',
-    crop: 0,
-    embed: 0,
+    position: 0,
+    resizeBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     useExifOrientation: false,
     angle: 0,
+    rotationAngle: 0,
+    rotationBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     rotateBeforePreExtract: false,
     flip: false,
     flop: false,
@@ -147,14 +117,15 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     extendBottom: 0,
     extendLeft: 0,
     extendRight: 0,
+    extendBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     withoutEnlargement: false,
     kernel: 'lanczos3',
     fastShrinkOnLoad: true,
     // operations
-    background: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     tintA: 128,
     tintB: 128,
     flatten: false,
+    flattenBackground: [0, 0, 0],
     negate: false,
     medianSize: 0,
     blurSigma: 0,
@@ -163,7 +134,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     sharpenJagged: 2,
     threshold: 0,
     thresholdGrayscale: true,
-    trimTolerance: 0,
+    trimThreshold: 0,
     gamma: 0,
     greyscale: false,
     normalise: 0,
@@ -171,6 +142,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     booleanFileIn: '',
     joinChannelIn: [],
     extractChannel: -1,
+    removeAlpha: false,
     colourspace: 'srgb',
     // overlay
     overlayGravity: 0,
@@ -192,6 +164,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     jpegTrellisQuantisation: false,
     jpegOvershootDeringing: false,
     jpegOptimiseScans: false,
+    jpegOptimiseCoding: true,
+    jpegQuantisationTable: 0,
     pngProgressive: false,
     pngCompressionLevel: 9,
     pngAdaptiveFiltering: false,
@@ -248,7 +222,12 @@ Sharp.format = sharp.format();
  * @example
  * console.log(sharp.versions);
  */
-Sharp.versions = versions;
+Sharp.versions = {
+  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
+};
+try {
+  Sharp.versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
+} catch (err) {}
 
 /**
  * Export constructor.

lib/input.js

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     }
     // Density
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.density)) {
-      if (is.integer(inputOptions.density) && is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 2400)) {
+      if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 2400)) {
         inputDescriptor.density = inputOptions.density;
       } else {
         throw new Error('Invalid density (1 to 2400) ' + inputOptions.density);
@@ -177,12 +177,15 @@ function clone () {
  * A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * - `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
+ * - `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
  * - `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
  * - `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
- * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636)
+ * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636)
  * - `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
- * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672)
+ * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672)
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
+ * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
+ * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -264,6 +267,7 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *     - `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  *     - `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  * - `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
+ * - `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);

lib/libvips.js

@@ -1,17 +1,38 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const fs = require('fs');
+const os = require('os');
 const path = require('path');
 const spawnSync = require('child_process').spawnSync;
 const semver = require('semver');
 const platform = require('./platform');
 
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = process.env.npm_package_config_libvips || require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+const env = process.env;
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || require('../package.json').config.libvips;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
   encoding: 'utf8',
   shell: true
 };
 
+const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
+  try {
+    fs.mkdirSync(dirPath);
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.code !== 'EEXIST') {
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+const cachePath = function () {
+  const npmCachePath = env.npm_config_cache || (env.APPDATA ? path.join(env.APPDATA, 'npm-cache') : path.join(os.homedir(), '.npm'));
+  mkdirSync(npmCachePath);
+  const libvipsCachePath = path.join(npmCachePath, '_libvips');
+  mkdirSync(libvipsCachePath);
+  return libvipsCachePath;
+};
+
 const globalLibvipsVersion = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
     const globalLibvipsVersion = spawnSync(`PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${pkgConfigPath()}" pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`, spawnSyncOptions).stdout || '';
@@ -23,21 +44,30 @@ const globalLibvipsVersion = function () {
 
 const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
   const currentPlatformId = platform();
+  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor');
+  let vendorVersionId;
+  let vendorPlatformId;
   try {
-    const vendorPlatformId = require(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', 'platform.json'));
+    vendorVersionId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'versions.json')).vips;
+    vendorPlatformId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'platform.json'));
+  } catch (err) {}
+  if (vendorVersionId && vendorVersionId !== minimumLibvipsVersion) {
+    throw new Error(`Found vendored libvips v${vendorVersionId} but require v${minimumLibvipsVersion}. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
+  }
+  if (vendorPlatformId) {
     if (currentPlatformId === vendorPlatformId) {
       return true;
     } else {
       throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
     }
-  } catch (err) {}
+  }
   return false;
 };
 
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
     const brewPkgConfigPath = spawnSync('which brew >/dev/null 2>&1 && eval $(brew --env) && echo $PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR', spawnSyncOptions).stdout || '';
-    return [brewPkgConfigPath.trim(), process.env.PKG_CONFIG_PATH, '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig', '/usr/lib/pkgconfig']
+    return [brewPkgConfigPath.trim(), env.PKG_CONFIG_PATH, '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig', '/usr/lib/pkgconfig']
       .filter(function (p) { return !!p; })
       .join(':');
   } else {
@@ -46,7 +76,7 @@ const pkgConfigPath = function () {
 };
 
 const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
-  if (Boolean(process.env.SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS) === true) {
+  if (Boolean(env.SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS) === true) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -56,8 +86,10 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
 
 module.exports = {
   minimumLibvipsVersion: minimumLibvipsVersion,
+  cachePath: cachePath,
   globalLibvipsVersion: globalLibvipsVersion,
   hasVendoredLibvips: hasVendoredLibvips,
   pkgConfigPath: pkgConfigPath,
-  useGlobalLibvips: useGlobalLibvips
+  useGlobalLibvips: useGlobalLibvips,
+  mkdirSync: mkdirSync
 };

lib/operation.js

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
  * Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
  * or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
  *
- * If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid 90/180/270deg rotation.
+ * If an angle is provided, it is converted to a valid positive degree rotation.
  * For example, `-450` will produce a 270deg rotation.
  *
+ * When rotating by an angle other than a multiple of 90,
+ * the background colour can be provided with the `background` option.
+ *
  * If no angle is provided, it is determined from the EXIF data.
  * Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
  *
@@ -28,64 +32,30 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *   });
  * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
  *
- * @param {Number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {Number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
+ * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function rotate (angle) {
+function rotate (angle, options) {
   if (!is.defined(angle)) {
     this.options.useExifOrientation = true;
   } else if (is.integer(angle) && !(angle % 90)) {
     this.options.angle = angle;
-  } else {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported angle: angle must be a positive/negative multiple of 90 ' + angle);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * Extract a region of the image.
- *
- * - Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
- * - Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
- * - Use `extract` before and after for both.
- *
- * @example
- * sharp(input)
- *   .extract({ left: left, top: top, width: width, height: height })
- *   .toFile(output, function(err) {
- *     // Extract a region of the input image, saving in the same format.
- *   });
- * @example
- * sharp(input)
- *   .extract({ left: leftOffsetPre, top: topOffsetPre, width: widthPre, height: heightPre })
- *   .resize(width, height)
- *   .extract({ left: leftOffsetPost, top: topOffsetPost, width: widthPost, height: heightPost })
- *   .toFile(output, function(err) {
- *     // Extract a region, resize, then extract from the resized image
- *   });
- *
- * @param {Object} options
- * @param {Number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
- * @param {Number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
- * @param {Number} options.width - dimension of extracted image
- * @param {Number} options.height - dimension of extracted image
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
- */
-function extract (options) {
-  const suffix = this.options.width === -1 && this.options.height === -1 ? 'Pre' : 'Post';
-  ['left', 'top', 'width', 'height'].forEach(function (name) {
-    const value = options[name];
-    if (is.integer(value) && value >= 0) {
-      this.options[name + (name === 'left' || name === 'top' ? 'Offset' : '') + suffix] = value;
-    } else {
-      throw new Error('Non-integer value for ' + name + ' of ' + value);
+  } else if (is.number(angle)) {
+    this.options.rotationAngle = angle;
+    if (is.object(options) && options.background) {
+      const backgroundColour = color(options.background);
+      this.options.rotationBackground = [
+        backgroundColour.red(),
+        backgroundColour.green(),
+        backgroundColour.blue(),
+        Math.round(backgroundColour.alpha() * 255)
+      ];
     }
-  }, this);
-  // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true)) {
-    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Unsupported angle: must be a number.');
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -201,72 +171,14 @@ function blur (sigma) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Extends/pads the edges of the image with the colour provided to the `background` method.
- * This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
- *
- * @example
- * // Resize to 140 pixels wide, then add 10 transparent pixels
- * // to the top, left and right edges and 20 to the bottom edge
- * sharp(input)
- *   .resize(140)
- *   .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
- *   .extend({top: 10, bottom: 20, left: 10, right: 10})
- *   ...
- *
- * @param {(Number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
- * @param {Number} [extend.top]
- * @param {Number} [extend.left]
- * @param {Number} [extend.bottom]
- * @param {Number} [extend.right]
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
-*/
-function extend (extend) {
-  if (is.integer(extend) && extend > 0) {
-    this.options.extendTop = extend;
-    this.options.extendBottom = extend;
-    this.options.extendLeft = extend;
-    this.options.extendRight = extend;
-  } else if (
-    is.object(extend) &&
-    is.integer(extend.top) && extend.top >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.bottom) && extend.bottom >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.left) && extend.left >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.right) && extend.right >= 0
-  ) {
-    this.options.extendTop = extend.top;
-    this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
-    this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
-    this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
-  } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid edge extension ' + extend);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with `background`.
- * @param {Boolean} [flatten=true]
+ * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-function flatten (flatten) {
-  this.options.flatten = is.bool(flatten) ? flatten : true;
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values within a percentage similarity of the top-left pixel.
- * @param {Number} [tolerance=10] value between 1 and 99 representing the percentage similarity.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
- */
-function trim (tolerance) {
-  if (!is.defined(tolerance)) {
-    this.options.trimTolerance = 10;
-  } else if (is.integer(tolerance) && is.inRange(tolerance, 1, 99)) {
-    this.options.trimTolerance = tolerance;
-  } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid trim tolerance (1 to 99) ' + tolerance);
+function flatten (options) {
+  this.options.flatten = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    this._setColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -460,15 +372,12 @@ function linear (a, b) {
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   [
     rotate,
-    extract,
     flip,
     flop,
     sharpen,
     median,
     blur,
-    extend,
     flatten,
-    trim,
     gamma,
     negate,
     normalise,

lib/output.js

@@ -148,6 +148,10 @@ function withMetadata (withMetadata) {
  * @param {Boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires mozjpeg
  * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires mozjpeg
  * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
+ * @param {Number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires mozjpeg
+ * @param {Number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable
  * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -185,6 +189,18 @@ function jpeg (options) {
         this.options.jpegProgressive = true;
       }
     }
+    options.optimiseCoding = is.bool(options.optimizeCoding) ? options.optimizeCoding : options.optimiseCoding;
+    if (is.defined(options.optimiseCoding)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('jpegOptimiseCoding', options.optimiseCoding);
+    }
+    options.quantisationTable = is.number(options.quantizationTable) ? options.quantizationTable : options.quantisationTable;
+    if (is.defined(options.quantisationTable)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quantisationTable) && is.inRange(options.quantisationTable, 0, 8)) {
+        this.options.jpegQuantisationTable = options.quantisationTable;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Invalid quantisation table (integer, 0-8) ' + options.quantisationTable);
+      }
+    }
   }
   return this._updateFormatOut('jpeg', options);
 }
@@ -255,10 +271,10 @@ function webp (options) {
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.alphaQuality)) {
-    if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 1, 100)) {
+    if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 0, 100)) {
       this.options.webpAlphaQuality = options.alphaQuality;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Invalid webp alpha quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.alphaQuality);
+      throw new Error('Invalid webp alpha quality (integer, 0-100) ' + options.alphaQuality);
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.lossless)) {
@@ -407,6 +423,7 @@ function toFormat (format, options) {
  * @param {Number} [tile.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
  * @param {Number} [tile.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
  * @param {Number} [tile.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {String} [tile.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
  * @param {String} [tile.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
  * @param {String} [tile.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
@@ -458,6 +475,15 @@ function tile (tile) {
         throw new Error('Unsupported angle: angle must be a positive/negative multiple of 90 ' + tile.angle);
       }
     }
+
+    // Depth of tiles
+    if (is.defined(tile.depth)) {
+      if (is.string(tile.depth) && is.inArray(tile.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
+        this.options.tileDepth = tile.depth;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error("Invalid tile depth '" + tile.depth + "', should be one of 'onepixel', 'onetile' or 'one'");
+      }
+    }
   }
   // Format
   if (is.inArray(this.options.formatOut, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp'])) {

lib/platform.js

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
+
 module.exports = function () {
   const arch = process.env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
   const platform = process.env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+  const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) ? detectLibc.family : '';
 
-  const platformId = [platform];
+  const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];
   if (arch === 'arm' || arch === 'armhf' || arch === 'arm64') {
     const armVersion = (arch === 'arm64') ? '8' : process.env.npm_config_armv || process.config.variables.arm_version || '6';
     platformId.push(`armv${armVersion}`);

lib/resize.js

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
- * Weighting to apply to image crop.
+ * Weighting to apply when using contain/cover fit.
  * @member
  * @private
  */
@@ -21,7 +22,23 @@ const gravity = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Strategies for automagic crop behaviour.
+ * Position to apply when using contain/cover fit.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const position = {
+  top: 1,
+  right: 2,
+  bottom: 3,
+  left: 4,
+  'right top': 5,
+  'right bottom': 6,
+  'left bottom': 7,
+  'left top': 8
+};
+
+/**
+ * Strategies for automagic cover behaviour.
  * @member
  * @private
  */
@@ -43,40 +60,137 @@ const kernel = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Resize image to `width` x `height`.
- * By default, the resized image is centre cropped to the exact size specified.
+ * Methods by which an image can be resized to fit the provided dimensions.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const fit = {
+  contain: 'contain',
+  cover: 'cover',
+  fill: 'fill',
+  inside: 'inside',
+  outside: 'outside'
+};
+
+/**
+ * Map external fit property to internal canvas property.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const mapFitToCanvas = {
+  contain: 'embed',
+  cover: 'crop',
+  fill: 'ignore_aspect',
+  inside: 'max',
+  outside: 'min'
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
  *
- * Possible kernels are:
+ * When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
+ * - `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
+ * - `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
+ * - `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
+ * - `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
+ * - `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+ * Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
+ *
+ * When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
+ * - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
+ * - `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
+ * - `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
+ * Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
+ *
+ * The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
+ * then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
+ * - `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29).
+ * - `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
+ *
+ * Possible interpolation kernels are:
  * - `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation).
  * - `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline).
  * - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
  * - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
  *
  * @example
- * sharp(inputBuffer)
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .resize({ width: 100 })
+ *   .toBuffer()
+ *   .then(data => {
+ *     // 100 pixels wide, auto-scaled height
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .resize({ height: 100 })
+ *   .toBuffer()
+ *   .then(data => {
+ *     // 100 pixels high, auto-scaled width
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
  *   .resize(200, 300, {
- *     kernel: sharp.kernel.nearest
+ *     kernel: sharp.kernel.nearest,
+ *     fit: 'contain',
+ *     position: 'right top',
+ *     background: { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 0.5 }
  *   })
- *   .background('white')
- *   .embed()
- *   .toFile('output.tiff')
- *   .then(function() {
- *     // output.tiff is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image
- *     // containing a nearest-neighbour scaled version, embedded on a white canvas,
- *     // of the image data in inputBuffer
+ *   .toFile('output.png')
+ *   .then(() => {
+ *     // output.png is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image
+ *     // containing a nearest-neighbour scaled version
+ *     // contained within the north-east corner of a semi-transparent white canvas
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const transformer = sharp()
+ *   .resize({
+ *     width: 200,
+ *     height: 200,
+ *     fit: sharp.fit.cover,
+ *     position: sharp.strategy.entropy
+ *   });
+ * // Read image data from readableStream
+ * // Write 200px square auto-cropped image data to writableStream
+ * readableStream
+ *   .pipe(transformer)
+ *   .pipe(writableStream);
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .resize(200, 200, {
+ *     fit: sharp.fit.inside,
+ *     withoutEnlargement: true
+ *   })
+ *   .toFormat('jpeg')
+ *   .toBuffer()
+ *   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
+ *     // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data
+ *     // no wider and no higher than 200 pixels
+ *     // and no larger than the input image
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
  * @param {Number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
  * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {String} [options.width] - alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
+ * @param {String} [options.height] - alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
+ * @param {String} [options.fit='cover'] - how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`.
+ * @param {String} [options.position='centre'] - position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - the kernel to use for image reduction.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutEnlargement=false] - do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.fastShrinkOnLoad=true] - take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function resize (width, height, options) {
   if (is.defined(width)) {
-    if (is.integer(width) && width > 0) {
+    if (is.object(width) && !is.defined(options)) {
+      options = width;
+    } else if (is.integer(width) && width > 0) {
       this.options.width = width;
     } else {
       throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', width);
@@ -94,6 +208,38 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
     this.options.height = -1;
   }
   if (is.object(options)) {
+    // Width
+    if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
+      this.options.width = options.width;
+    }
+    // Height
+    if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
+      this.options.height = options.height;
+    }
+    // Fit
+    if (is.defined(options.fit)) {
+      const canvas = mapFitToCanvas[options.fit];
+      if (is.string(canvas)) {
+        this.options.canvas = canvas;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('fit', 'valid fit', options.fit);
+      }
+    }
+    // Position
+    if (is.defined(options.position)) {
+      const pos = is.integer(options.position)
+        ? options.position
+        : strategy[options.position] || position[options.position] || gravity[options.position];
+      if (is.integer(pos) && (is.inRange(pos, 0, 8) || is.inRange(pos, 16, 17))) {
+        this.options.position = pos;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('position', 'valid position/gravity/strategy', options.position);
+      }
+    }
+    // Background
+    if (is.defined(options.background)) {
+      this._setColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
+    }
     // Kernel
     if (is.defined(options.kernel)) {
       if (is.string(kernel[options.kernel])) {
@@ -102,6 +248,10 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('kernel', 'valid kernel name', options.kernel);
       }
     }
+    // Without enlargement
+    if (is.defined(options.withoutEnlargement)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('withoutEnlargement', options.withoutEnlargement);
+    }
     // Shrink on load
     if (is.defined(options.fastShrinkOnLoad)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('fastShrinkOnLoad', options.fastShrinkOnLoad);
@@ -111,48 +261,145 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Crop the resized image to the exact size specified, the default behaviour.
- *
- * Possible attributes of the optional `sharp.gravity` are `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`,
- * `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` and `centre`.
- *
- * The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
- * then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
- * - `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29).
- * - `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
+ * Extends/pads the edges of the image with the provided background colour.
+ * This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
  *
  * @example
- * const transformer = sharp()
- *   .resize(200, 200)
- *   .crop(sharp.strategy.entropy)
- *   .on('error', function(err) {
- *     console.log(err);
- *   });
- * // Read image data from readableStream
- * // Write 200px square auto-cropped image data to writableStream
- * readableStream.pipe(transformer).pipe(writableStream);
+ * // Resize to 140 pixels wide, then add 10 transparent pixels
+ * // to the top, left and right edges and 20 to the bottom edge
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .resize(140)
+ *   .)
+ *   .extend({
+ *     top: 10,
+ *     bottom: 20,
+ *     left: 10,
+ *     right: 10
+ *     background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+ *   })
+ *   ...
  *
- * @param {String} [crop='centre'] - A member of `sharp.gravity` to crop to an edge/corner or `sharp.strategy` to crop dynamically.
+ * @param {(Number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+ * @param {Number} [extend.top]
+ * @param {Number} [extend.left]
+ * @param {Number} [extend.bottom]
+ * @param {Number} [extend.right]
+ * @param {String|Object} [extend.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+*/
+function extend (extend) {
+  if (is.integer(extend) && extend > 0) {
+    this.options.extendTop = extend;
+    this.options.extendBottom = extend;
+    this.options.extendLeft = extend;
+    this.options.extendRight = extend;
+  } else if (
+    is.object(extend) &&
+    is.integer(extend.top) && extend.top >= 0 &&
+    is.integer(extend.bottom) && extend.bottom >= 0 &&
+    is.integer(extend.left) && extend.left >= 0 &&
+    is.integer(extend.right) && extend.right >= 0
+  ) {
+    this.options.extendTop = extend.top;
+    this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
+    this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
+    this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
+    this._setColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Invalid edge extension ' + extend);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extract a region of the image.
+ *
+ * - Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
+ * - Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
+ * - Use `extract` before and after for both.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .extract({ left: left, top: top, width: width, height: height })
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err) {
+ *     // Extract a region of the input image, saving in the same format.
+ *   });
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .extract({ left: leftOffsetPre, top: topOffsetPre, width: widthPre, height: heightPre })
+ *   .resize(width, height)
+ *   .extract({ left: leftOffsetPost, top: topOffsetPost, width: widthPost, height: heightPost })
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err) {
+ *     // Extract a region, resize, then extract from the resized image
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
+ * @param {Number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
+ * @param {Number} options.width - dimension of extracted image
+ * @param {Number} options.height - dimension of extracted image
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function extract (options) {
+  const suffix = this.options.width === -1 && this.options.height === -1 ? 'Pre' : 'Post';
+  ['left', 'top', 'width', 'height'].forEach(function (name) {
+    const value = options[name];
+    if (is.integer(value) && value >= 0) {
+      this.options[name + (name === 'left' || name === 'top' ? 'Offset' : '') + suffix] = value;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Non-integer value for ' + name + ' of ' + value);
+    }
+  }, this);
+  // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
+  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true)) {
+    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+ * The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
+ * @param {Number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function trim (threshold) {
+  if (!is.defined(threshold)) {
+    this.options.trimThreshold = 10;
+  } else if (is.number(threshold) && threshold > 0) {
+    this.options.trimThreshold = threshold;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'number greater than zero', threshold);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+// Deprecated functions
+
+/**
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function crop (crop) {
   this.options.canvas = 'crop';
   if (!is.defined(crop)) {
     // Default
-    this.options.crop = gravity.center;
+    this.options.position = gravity.center;
   } else if (is.integer(crop) && is.inRange(crop, 0, 8)) {
     // Gravity (numeric)
-    this.options.crop = crop;
+    this.options.position = crop;
   } else if (is.string(crop) && is.integer(gravity[crop])) {
     // Gravity (string)
-    this.options.crop = gravity[crop];
+    this.options.position = gravity[crop];
   } else if (is.integer(crop) && crop >= strategy.entropy) {
     // Strategy
-    this.options.crop = crop;
+    this.options.position = crop;
   } else if (is.string(crop) && is.integer(strategy[crop])) {
     // Strategy (string)
-    this.options.crop = strategy[crop];
+    this.options.position = strategy[crop];
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('crop', 'valid crop id/name/strategy', crop);
   }
@@ -160,66 +407,29 @@ function crop (crop) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to the maximum `width` or `height` specified
- * then embed on a background of the exact `width` and `height` specified.
- *
- * If the background contains an alpha value then WebP and PNG format output images will
- * contain an alpha channel, even when the input image does not.
- *
- * @example
- * sharp('input.gif')
- *   .resize(200, 300)
- *   .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
- *   .embed()
- *   .toFormat(sharp.format.webp)
- *   .toBuffer(function(err, outputBuffer) {
- *     if (err) {
- *       throw err;
- *     }
- *     // outputBuffer contains WebP image data of a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high
- *     // containing a scaled version, embedded on a transparent canvas, of input.gif
- *   });
- * @param {String} [embed='centre'] - A member of `sharp.gravity` to embed to an edge/corner.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function embed (embed) {
   this.options.canvas = 'embed';
-
   if (!is.defined(embed)) {
     // Default
-    this.options.embed = gravity.center;
+    this.options.position = gravity.center;
   } else if (is.integer(embed) && is.inRange(embed, 0, 8)) {
     // Gravity (numeric)
-    this.options.embed = embed;
+    this.options.position = embed;
   } else if (is.string(embed) && is.integer(gravity[embed])) {
     // Gravity (string)
-    this.options.embed = gravity[embed];
+    this.options.position = gravity[embed];
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('embed', 'valid embed id/name', embed);
   }
-
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
- * Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible
- * while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to the `width` and `height` specified.
- *
- * Both `width` and `height` must be provided via `resize` otherwise the behaviour will default to `crop`.
- *
- * @example
- * sharp(inputBuffer)
- *   .resize(200, 200)
- *   .max()
- *   .toFormat('jpeg')
- *   .toBuffer()
- *   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
- *     // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data no wider than 200 pixels and no higher
- *     // than 200 pixels regardless of the inputBuffer image dimensions
- *   });
- *
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function max () {
   this.options.canvas = 'max';
@@ -227,12 +437,8 @@ function max () {
 }
 
 /**
- * Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible
- * while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to the `width` and `height` specified.
- *
- * Both `width` and `height` must be provided via `resize` otherwise the behaviour will default to `crop`.
- *
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function min () {
   this.options.canvas = 'min';
@@ -240,9 +446,8 @@ function min () {
 }
 
 /**
- * Ignoring the aspect ratio of the input, stretch the image to
- * the exact `width` and/or `height` provided via `resize`.
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
  */
 function ignoreAspectRatio () {
   this.options.canvas = 'ignore_aspect';
@@ -250,15 +455,8 @@ function ignoreAspectRatio () {
 }
 
 /**
- * Do not enlarge the output image if the input image width *or* height are already less than the required dimensions.
- * This is equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option:
- * "*change the dimensions of the image only if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification*".
- * Use with `max()` to preserve the image's aspect ratio.
- *
- * The default behaviour *before* function call is `false`, meaning the image will be enlarged.
- *
- * @param {Boolean} [withoutEnlargement=true]
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @deprecated
+ * @private
 */
 function withoutEnlargement (withoutEnlargement) {
   this.options.withoutEnlargement = is.bool(withoutEnlargement) ? withoutEnlargement : true;
@@ -272,12 +470,9 @@ function withoutEnlargement (withoutEnlargement) {
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   [
     resize,
-    crop,
-    embed,
-    max,
-    min,
-    ignoreAspectRatio,
-    withoutEnlargement
+    extend,
+    extract,
+    trim
   ].forEach(function (f) {
     Sharp.prototype[f.name] = f;
   });
@@ -285,4 +480,13 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Sharp.gravity = gravity;
   Sharp.strategy = strategy;
   Sharp.kernel = kernel;
+  Sharp.fit = fit;
+  Sharp.position = position;
+  // Deprecated functions, to be removed in v0.22.0
+  Sharp.prototype.crop = deprecate(crop, 'crop(position) is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "cover", position }) instead');
+  Sharp.prototype.embed = deprecate(embed, 'embed(position) is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "contain", position }) instead');
+  Sharp.prototype.max = deprecate(max, 'max() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "inside" }) instead');
+  Sharp.prototype.min = deprecate(min, 'min() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "outside" }) instead');
+  Sharp.prototype.ignoreAspectRatio = deprecate(ignoreAspectRatio, 'ignoreAspectRatio() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "fill" }) instead');
+  Sharp.prototype.withoutEnlargement = deprecate(withoutEnlargement, 'withoutEnlargement() is deprecated, use resize({ withoutEnlargement: true }) instead');
 };

lib/utility.js

@@ -82,23 +82,20 @@ function counters () {
  * Improves the performance of `resize`, `blur` and `sharpen` operations
  * by taking advantage of the SIMD vector unit of the CPU, e.g. Intel SSE and ARM NEON.
  *
- * This feature is currently off by default but future versions may reverse this.
- * Versions of liborc prior to 0.4.25 are known to segfault under heavy load.
- *
  * @example
  * const simd = sharp.simd();
- * // simd is `true` if SIMD is currently enabled
+ * // simd is `true` if the runtime use of liborc is currently enabled
  * @example
- * const simd = sharp.simd(true);
- * // attempts to enable the use of SIMD, returning true if available
+ * const simd = sharp.simd(false);
+ * // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
  *
- * @param {Boolean} [simd=false]
+ * @param {Boolean} [simd=true]
  * @returns {Boolean}
  */
 function simd (simd) {
   return sharp.simd(is.bool(simd) ? simd : null);
 }
-simd(false);
+simd(true);
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp class with utility-related functions.

mkdocs.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ site_description: High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module
 copyright: <a href="https://pixelplumbing.com/">pixelplumbing.com</a>
 google_analytics: ['UA-13034748-12', 'sharp.pixelplumbing.com']
 theme: readthedocs
+extra_css:
+  - css/extra.css
 markdown_extensions:
   - toc:
       permalink: True

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.20.3",
+  "version": "0.21.0",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -48,15 +48,22 @@
     "Andrea Bianco <andrea.bianco@unibas.ch>",
     "Rik Heywood <rik@rik.org>",
     "Thomas Parisot <hi@oncletom.io>",
-    "Nathan Graves <nathanrgraves+github@gmail.com>"
+    "Nathan Graves <nathanrgraves+github@gmail.com>",
+    "Tom Lokhorst <tom@lokhorst.eu>",
+    "Espen Hovlandsdal <espen@hovlandsdal.com>",
+    "Sylvain Dumont <sylvain.dumont35@gmail.com>",
+    "Alun Davies <alun.owain.davies@googlemail.com>",
+    "Aidan Hoolachan <ajhoolachan21@gmail.com>",
+    "Axel Eirola <axel.eirola@iki.fi>",
+    "Freezy <freezy@xbmc.org>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
-    "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
+    "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
     "test": "semistandard && cc && nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=5000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js && prebuild-ci",
     "coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
-    "docs": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done"
+    "docs": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done"
   },
   "main": "lib/index.js",
   "repository": {
@@ -82,35 +89,36 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "color": "^3.0.0",
     "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "nan": "^2.10.0",
+    "nan": "^2.11.1",
     "fs-copy-file-sync": "^1.1.1",
     "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
-    "prebuild-install": "^4.0.0",
-    "semver": "^5.5.0",
-    "simple-get": "^2.8.1",
-    "tar": "^4.4.4",
+    "prebuild-install": "^5.2.0",
+    "semver": "^5.5.1",
+    "simple-get": "^3.0.3",
+    "tar": "^4.4.6",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "async": "^2.6.1",
     "cc": "^1.0.2",
     "decompress-zip": "^0.3.1",
-    "documentation": "^7.1.0",
+    "documentation": "^8.1.2",
     "exif-reader": "^1.0.2",
     "icc": "^1.0.0",
     "mocha": "^5.2.0",
-    "nyc": "^11.8.0",
-    "prebuild": "^7.6.0",
+    "mock-fs": "^4.7.0",
+    "nyc": "^13.1.0",
+    "prebuild": "^8.1.0",
     "prebuild-ci": "^2.2.3",
     "rimraf": "^2.6.2",
     "semistandard": "^12.0.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.6.1"
+    "libvips": "8.7.0"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=4.5.0"
+    "node": ">=6"
   },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [

src/common.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ namespace sharp {
   std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return *Nan::Utf8String(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked());
   }
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+    v8::Local<v8::Object> background = AttrAs<v8::Object>(obj, attr);
+    std::vector<double> rgba(4);
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      rgba[i] = AttrTo<double>(background, i);
+    }
+    return rgba;
+  }
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
@@ -55,7 +63,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     descriptor->failOnError = AttrTo<bool>(input, "failOnError");
     // Density for vector-based input
     if (HasAttr(input, "density")) {
-      descriptor->density = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "density");
+      descriptor->density = AttrTo<double>(input, "density");
     }
     // Raw pixel input
     if (HasAttr(input, "rawChannels")) {
@@ -72,10 +80,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       descriptor->createChannels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createChannels");
       descriptor->createWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createWidth");
       descriptor->createHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createHeight");
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> createBackground = AttrAs<v8::Object>(input, "createBackground");
-      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-        descriptor->createBackground[i] = AttrTo<double>(createBackground, i);
-      }
+      descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsRgba(input, "createBackground");
     }
     return descriptor;
   }
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ namespace sharp {
               ->set("access", accessMethod)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
-              option->set("dpi", static_cast<double>(descriptor->density));
+              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ namespace sharp {
               ->set("access", accessMethod)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
-              option->set("dpi", static_cast<double>(descriptor->density));
+              option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
@@ -355,8 +360,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const int density) {
-    const double pixelsPerMm = static_cast<double>(density) / 25.4;
+  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
+    const double pixelsPerMm = density / 25.4;
     image.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
     image.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
     image.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
@@ -370,10 +375,6 @@ namespace sharp {
       if (image.width() > 65535 || image.height() > 65535) {
         throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the JPEG format");
       }
-    } else if (imageType == ImageType::PNG) {
-      if (image.width() > 2147483647 || image.height() > 2147483647) {
-        throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the PNG format");
-      }
     } else if (imageType == ImageType::WEBP) {
       if (image.width() > 16383 || image.height() > 16383) {
         throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the WebP format");
@@ -606,4 +607,40 @@ namespace sharp {
     }
   }
 
+  /*
+    Apply the alpha channel to a given colour
+  */
+  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour) {
+    // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
+    double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
+    // Create alphaColour colour
+    std::vector<double> alphaColour;
+    if (image.bands() > 2) {
+      alphaColour = {
+        multiplier * colour[0],
+        multiplier * colour[1],
+        multiplier * colour[2]
+      };
+    } else {
+      // Convert sRGB to greyscale
+      alphaColour = { multiplier * (
+        0.2126 * colour[0] +
+        0.7152 * colour[1] +
+        0.0722 * colour[2])
+      };
+    }
+    // Add alpha channel to alphaColour colour
+    if (colour[3] < 255.0 || HasAlpha(image)) {
+      alphaColour.push_back(colour[3] * multiplier);
+    }
+    // Ensure alphaColour colour uses correct colourspace
+    alphaColour = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(alphaColour, image.interpretation());
+    // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
+    if (colour[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
+      image = image.bandjoin(
+        VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
+    }
+    return std::make_tuple(image, alphaColour);
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/common.h

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     char *buffer;
     bool failOnError;
     size_t bufferLength;
-    int density;
+    double density;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
     int rawHeight;
@@ -57,30 +57,27 @@ namespace sharp {
     int createChannels;
     int createWidth;
     int createHeight;
-    double createBackground[4];
+    std::vector<double> createBackground;
 
     InputDescriptor():
       buffer(nullptr),
       failOnError(FALSE),
       bufferLength(0),
-      density(72),
+      density(72.0),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
       rawHeight(0),
       page(0),
       createChannels(0),
       createWidth(0),
-      createHeight(0) {
-        createBackground[0] = 0.0;
-        createBackground[1] = 0.0;
-        createBackground[2] = 0.0;
-        createBackground[3] = 255.0;
-      }
+      createHeight(0),
+      createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 } {}
   };
 
   // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
   bool HasAttr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
   std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
   template<typename T> v8::Local<T> AttrAs(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked().As<T>();
   }
@@ -186,7 +183,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const int density);
+  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
@@ -255,6 +252,11 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   std::vector<double> GetRgbaAsColourspace(std::vector<double> const rgba, VipsInterpretation const interpretation);
 
+  /*
+    Apply the alpha channel to a given colour
+   */
+  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_COMMON_H_

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ VImage::new_matrixv( int width, int height, ... )
 }
 
 VImage
-VImage::write( VImage out )
+VImage::write( VImage out ) const
 {
 	if( vips_image_write( this->get_image(), out.get_image() ) )
 		throw VError(); 
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ VImage::write( VImage out )
 }
 
 void 
-VImage::write_to_file( const char *name, VOption *options )
+VImage::write_to_file( const char *name, VOption *options ) const
 {
 	char filename[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
 	char option_string[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ VImage::write_to_file( const char *name, VOption *options )
 
 void 
 VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size, 
-	VOption *options )
+	VOption *options ) const
 {
 	char filename[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
 	char option_string[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size,
 #include "vips-operators.cpp"
 
 std::vector<VImage> 
-VImage::bandsplit( VOption *options )
+VImage::bandsplit( VOption *options ) const
 {
 	std::vector<VImage> b; 
 
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ VImage::bandsplit( VOption *options )
 }
 
 VImage 
-VImage::bandjoin( VImage other, VOption *options )
+VImage::bandjoin( VImage other, VOption *options ) const
 {
 	VImage v[2] = { *this, other }; 
 	std::vector<VImage> vec( v, v + VIPS_NUMBER( v ) );
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ VImage::bandjoin( VImage other, VOption *options )
 }
 
 VImage 
-VImage::composite( VImage other, VipsBlendMode mode, VOption *options )
+VImage::composite( VImage other, VipsBlendMode mode, VOption *options ) const
 {
 	VImage v[2] = { *this, other }; 
 	std::vector<VImage> ivec( v, v + VIPS_NUMBER( v ) );
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ VImage::composite( VImage other, VipsBlendMode mode, VOption *options )
 }
 
 std::complex<double> 
-VImage::minpos( VOption *options )
+VImage::minpos( VOption *options ) const
 {
 	double x, y;
 
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ VImage::minpos( VOption *options )
 }
 
 std::complex<double> 
-VImage::maxpos( VOption *options )
+VImage::maxpos( VOption *options ) const
 {
 	double x, y;
 
@@ -734,43 +734,43 @@ VImage::maxpos( VOption *options )
 // Operator overloads
 
 VImage 
-VImage::operator[]( int index ) 
+VImage::operator[]( int index ) const
 {
 	return( this->extract_band( index ) ); 
 }
 
 std::vector<double> 
-VImage::operator()( int x, int y )
+VImage::operator()( int x, int y ) const
 {
 	return( this->getpoint( x, y ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator+( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator+( const VImage a, const VImage b )
 {
 	return( a.add( b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator+( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator+( double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( 1.0, a ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator+( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator+( const VImage a, double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( 1.0, b ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator+( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator+( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( 1.0, a ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator+( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator+( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( 1.0, b ) ); 
 }
@@ -788,37 +788,37 @@ operator+=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator+=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator+=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a + b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator-( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.subtract( b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator-( double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( -1.0, a ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator-( const VImage a, double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( 1.0, -b ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator-( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( -1.0, a ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator-( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( 1.0, vips::negate( b ) ) ); 
 }
@@ -836,43 +836,43 @@ operator-=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator-=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator-=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a - b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator-( VImage a ) 
+operator-( const VImage a ) 
 { 
 	return( a * -1 );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator*( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator*( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.multiply( b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator*( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator*( double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( a, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator*( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator*( const VImage a, double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( b, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator*( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator*( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.linear( a, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator*( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator*( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( b, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
@@ -890,37 +890,37 @@ operator*=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator*=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator*=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a * b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator/( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator/( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.divide( b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator/( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator/( double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.pow( -1.0 ).linear( a, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator/( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator/( const VImage a, double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( 1.0 / b, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator/( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator/( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.pow( -1.0 ).linear( a, 0.0 ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator/( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator/( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.linear( vips::invert( b ), 0.0 ) ); 
 }
@@ -938,25 +938,25 @@ operator/=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator/=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator/=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a / b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator%( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator%( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.remainder( b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator%( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator%( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.remainder_const( to_vector( b ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator%( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator%( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.remainder_const( b ) ); 
 }
@@ -974,243 +974,243 @@ operator%=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator%=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator%=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a % b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator<( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator<( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator<( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator<( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE, 
 		a ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator<( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS, 
 		b ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<=( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator<=( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<=( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator<=( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<=( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator<=( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<=( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator<=( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ, 
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<=( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator<=( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ,
 		b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator>( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator>( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator>( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator>( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESS, 
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator>( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MORE, 
 		b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>=( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator>=( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>=( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator>=( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>=( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator>=( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>=( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator>=( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_LESSEQ, 
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>=( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator>=( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_MOREEQ, 
 		b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator==( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator==( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator==( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator==( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator==( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator==( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator==( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator==( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL, 
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator==( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator==( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_EQUAL, 
 		b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator!=( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator!=( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.relational( b, VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator!=( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator!=( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ,
 		to_vector( a ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator!=( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator!=( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator!=( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator!=( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ,
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator!=( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator!=( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.relational_const( VIPS_OPERATION_RELATIONAL_NOTEQ,
 		b ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator&( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator&( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.boolean( b, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator&( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator&( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator&( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator&( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator&( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator&( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND, a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator&( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator&( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_AND, b ) );
 }
@@ -1228,40 +1228,40 @@ operator&=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator&=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator&=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a & b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator|( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator|( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.boolean( b, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator|( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator|( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator|( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator|( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator|( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator|( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR, 
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator|( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator|( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_OR, 
 		b ) );
@@ -1280,40 +1280,40 @@ operator|=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator|=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator|=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a | b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator^( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator^( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.boolean( b, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator^( double a, VImage b ) 
+operator^( const double a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR, 
 		to_vector( a ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator^( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator^( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator^( std::vector<double> a, VImage b ) 
+operator^( const std::vector<double> a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( b.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR,
 		a ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator^( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator^( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_EOR,
 		b ) );
@@ -1332,26 +1332,26 @@ operator^=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator^=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator^=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a ^ b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<<( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator<<( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.boolean( b, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LSHIFT ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<<( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator<<( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LSHIFT, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator<<( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator<<( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LSHIFT, 
 		b ) ); 
@@ -1370,26 +1370,26 @@ operator<<=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator<<=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator<<=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a << b ); 
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>>( VImage a, VImage b ) 
+operator>>( const VImage a, const VImage b ) 
 {
 	return( a.boolean( b, VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_RSHIFT ) );
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>>( VImage a, double b ) 
+operator>>( const VImage a, const double b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_RSHIFT, 
 		to_vector( b ) ) );  
 }
 
 VImage 
-operator>>( VImage a, std::vector<double> b ) 
+operator>>( const VImage a, const std::vector<double> b ) 
 { 
 	return( a.boolean_const( VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_RSHIFT,
 		b ) ); 
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ operator>>=( VImage &a, const double b )
 }
 
 VImage & 
-operator>>=( VImage &a, std::vector<double> b )
+operator>>=( VImage &a, const std::vector<double> b )
 {
 	return( a = a << b ); 
 }

src/metadata.cc

@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (sharp::HasDensity(image)) {
         baton->density = sharp::GetDensity(image);
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("jpeg-chroma-subsample") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        baton->chromaSubsampling = image.get_string("jpeg-chroma-subsample");
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof("interlaced") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->isProgressive = image.get_int("interlaced") == 1;
+      }
       baton->hasProfile = sharp::HasProfile(image);
       // Derived attributes
       baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
@@ -117,6 +123,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       // Metadata Object
       v8::Local<v8::Object> info = New<v8::Object>();
       Set(info, New("format").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->format).ToLocalChecked());
+      if (baton->input->bufferLength > 0) {
+        Set(info, New("size").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->input->bufferLength)));
+      }
       Set(info, New("width").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->width));
       Set(info, New("height").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->height));
       Set(info, New("space").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->space).ToLocalChecked());
@@ -125,6 +134,12 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->density > 0) {
         Set(info, New("density").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->density));
       }
+      if (!baton->chromaSubsampling.empty()) {
+        Set(info,
+          New("chromaSubsampling").ToLocalChecked(),
+          New<v8::String>(baton->chromaSubsampling).ToLocalChecked());
+      }
+      Set(info, New("isProgressive").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isProgressive));
       Set(info, New("hasProfile").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasProfile));
       Set(info, New("hasAlpha").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasAlpha));
       if (baton->orientation > 0) {

src/metadata.h

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int channels;
   std::string depth;
   int density;
+  std::string chromaSubsampling;
+  bool isProgressive;
   bool hasProfile;
   bool hasAlpha;
   int orientation;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     height(0),
     channels(0),
     density(0),
+    isProgressive(false),
     hasProfile(false),
     hasAlpha(false),
     orientation(0),

src/operations.cc

@@ -28,6 +28,16 @@ using vips::VError;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
+  /*
+    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image) {
+    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+      image = image.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
+    }
+    return image;
+  }
+
   /*
     Composite overlayImage over image at given position
     Assumes alpha channels are already premultiplied and will be unpremultiplied after
@@ -68,7 +78,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     //
     // References:
     // - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Alpha_blending
-    // - https://github.com/jcupitt/ruby-vips/issues/28#issuecomment-9014826
+    // - https://github.com/libvips/ruby-vips/issues/28#issuecomment-9014826
     //
     // out_a = src_a + dst_a * (1 - src_a)
     //                         ^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -223,10 +233,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage Gamma(VImage image, double const exponent) {
     if (HasAlpha(image)) {
       // Separate alpha channel
-      VImage imageWithoutAlpha = image.extract_band(0,
-        VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
-      return imageWithoutAlpha.gamma(VImage::option()->set("exponent", exponent)).bandjoin(alpha);
+      return RemoveAlpha(image).gamma(VImage::option()->set("exponent", exponent)).bandjoin(alpha);
     } else {
       return image.gamma(VImage::option()->set("exponent", exponent));
     }
@@ -316,55 +324,22 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image.boolean(imageR, boolean);
   }
 
-  VImage Trim(VImage image, int const tolerance) {
-    using sharp::MaximumImageAlpha;
-    // An equivalent of ImageMagick's -trim in C++ ... automatically remove
-    // "boring" image edges.
-
-    // We use .project to sum the rows and columns of a 0/255 mask image, the first
-    // non-zero row or column is the object edge. We make the mask image with an
-    // amount-different-from-background image plus a threshold.
-
-    // find the value of the pixel at (0, 0) ... we will search for all pixels
-    // significantly different from this
-    std::vector<double> background = image(0, 0);
-
-    double const max = MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation());
-
-    // we need to smooth the image, subtract the background from every pixel, take
-    // the absolute value of the difference, then threshold
-    VImage mask = (image.median(3) - background).abs() > (max * tolerance / 100);
-
-    // sum mask rows and columns, then search for the first non-zero sum in each
-    // direction
-    VImage rows;
-    VImage columns = mask.project(&rows);
-
-    VImage profileLeftV;
-    VImage profileLeftH = columns.profile(&profileLeftV);
-
-    VImage profileRightV;
-    VImage profileRightH = columns.fliphor().profile(&profileRightV);
-
-    VImage profileTopV;
-    VImage profileTopH = rows.profile(&profileTopV);
-
-    VImage profileBottomV;
-    VImage profileBottomH = rows.flipver().profile(&profileBottomV);
-
-    int left = static_cast<int>(floor(profileLeftV.min()));
-    int right = columns.width() - static_cast<int>(floor(profileRightV.min()));
-    int top = static_cast<int>(floor(profileTopH.min()));
-    int bottom = rows.height() - static_cast<int>(floor(profileBottomH.min()));
-
-    int width = right - left;
-    int height = bottom - top;
-
-    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+  /*
+    Trim an image
+  */
+  VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold) {
+    // Top-left pixel provides the background colour
+    VImage background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
+    if (HasAlpha(background)) {
+      background = background.flatten();
+    }
+    int top, width, height;
+    int const left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+      ->set("background", background(0, 0))
+      ->set("threshold", threshold));
+    if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
       throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
     }
-
-    // and now crop the original image
     return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
   }
 
@@ -374,10 +349,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage Linear(VImage image, double const a, double const b) {
     if (HasAlpha(image)) {
       // Separate alpha channel
-      VImage imageWithoutAlpha = image.extract_band(0,
-        VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
-      return imageWithoutAlpha.linear(a, b).bandjoin(alpha);
+      return RemoveAlpha(image).linear(a, b).bandjoin(alpha);
     } else {
       return image.linear(a, b);
     }

src/operations.h

@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
+  /*
+    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image);
+
   /*
     Alpha composite src over dst with given gravity.
     Assumes alpha channels are already premultiplied and will be unpremultiplied after.
@@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Trim an image
   */
-  VImage Trim(VImage image, int const tolerance);
+  VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold);
 
   /*
    * Linear adjustment (a * in + b)

src/pipeline.cc

@@ -100,8 +100,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Trim
-      if (baton->trimTolerance != 0) {
-        image = sharp::Trim(image, baton->trimTolerance);
+      if (baton->trimThreshold > 0.0) {
+        image = sharp::Trim(image, baton->trimThreshold);
+        baton->trimOffsetLeft = image.xoffset();
+        baton->trimOffsetTop = image.yoffset();
       }
 
       // Pre extraction
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (
         xshrink == yshrink && xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor &&
         (inputImageType == ImageType::JPEG || inputImageType == ImageType::WEBP) &&
-        baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimTolerance == 0
+        baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimThreshold == 0.0
       ) {
         if (xshrink >= 8 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
           xfactor = xfactor / 8;
@@ -281,15 +283,17 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           }
         }
         // Recalculate integral shrink and double residual
-        int shrunkOnLoadWidth = image.width();
-        int shrunkOnLoadHeight = image.height();
+        int const shrunkOnLoadWidth = image.width();
+        int const shrunkOnLoadHeight = image.height();
         if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
           (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-          // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-          std::swap(shrunkOnLoadWidth, shrunkOnLoadHeight);
+          // Swap when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
+          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
+        } else {
+          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
+          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
         }
-        xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
-        yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
       }
 
       // Ensure we're using a device-independent colour space
@@ -316,9 +320,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
         // Background colour
         std::vector<double> background {
-          baton->background[0] * multiplier,
-          baton->background[1] * multiplier,
-          baton->background[2] * multiplier
+          baton->flattenBackground[0] * multiplier,
+          baton->flattenBackground[1] * multiplier,
+          baton->flattenBackground[2] * multiplier
         };
         image = image.flatten(VImage::option()
           ->set("background", background));
@@ -381,7 +385,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         ) {
           throw vips::VError("Unknown kernel");
         }
-
         image = image.resize(1.0 / xfactor, VImage::option()
           ->set("vscale", 1.0 / yfactor)
           ->set("kernel", kernel));
@@ -420,35 +423,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       // Crop/embed
       if (image.width() != baton->width || image.height() != baton->height) {
         if (baton->canvas == Canvas::EMBED) {
-          // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
-          double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
-          // Create background colour
           std::vector<double> background;
-          if (image.bands() > 2) {
-            background = {
-              multiplier * baton->background[0],
-              multiplier * baton->background[1],
-              multiplier * baton->background[2]
-            };
-          } else {
-            // Convert sRGB to greyscale
-            background = { multiplier * (
-              0.2126 * baton->background[0] +
-              0.7152 * baton->background[1] +
-              0.0722 * baton->background[2])
-            };
-          }
-          // Add alpha channel to background colour
-          if (baton->background[3] < 255.0 || HasAlpha(image)) {
-            background.push_back(baton->background[3] * multiplier);
-          }
-          // Ensure background colour uses correct colourspace
-          background = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(background, image.interpretation());
-          // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
-          if (baton->background[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
-            image = image.bandjoin(
-              VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
-          }
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->resizeBackground);
 
           // Embed
 
@@ -462,7 +438,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           int width = std::max(image.width(), baton->width);
           int height = std::max(image.height(), baton->height);
           std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateEmbedPosition(
-            image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->embed);
+            image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
 
           image = image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
             ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
@@ -473,12 +449,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           (image.width() > baton->width || image.height() > baton->height)
         ) {
           // Crop/max/min
-          if (baton->crop < 9) {
+          if (baton->position < 9) {
             // Gravity-based crop
             int left;
             int top;
             std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
-              image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->crop);
+              image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
             int width = std::min(image.width(), baton->width);
             int height = std::min(image.height(), baton->height);
             image = image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
@@ -494,7 +470,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
               ->set("access", baton->accessMethod)
               ->set("threaded", TRUE));
             image = image.smartcrop(baton->width, baton->height, VImage::option()
-              ->set("interesting", baton->crop == 16 ? VIPS_INTERESTING_ENTROPY : VIPS_INTERESTING_ATTENTION));
+              ->set("interesting", baton->position == 16 ? VIPS_INTERESTING_ENTROPY : VIPS_INTERESTING_ATTENTION));
             baton->hasCropOffset = true;
             baton->cropOffsetLeft = static_cast<int>(image.xoffset());
             baton->cropOffsetTop = static_cast<int>(image.yoffset());
@@ -502,6 +478,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         }
       }
 
+      // Rotate by degree
+      if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+        std::vector<double> background;
+        std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
+        image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+      }
+
       // Post extraction
       if (baton->topOffsetPost != -1) {
         image = image.extract_area(
@@ -510,35 +493,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Extend edges
       if (baton->extendTop > 0 || baton->extendBottom > 0 || baton->extendLeft > 0 || baton->extendRight > 0) {
-        // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
-        double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
-        // Create background colour
         std::vector<double> background;
-        if (image.bands() > 2) {
-          background = {
-            multiplier * baton->background[0],
-            multiplier * baton->background[1],
-            multiplier * baton->background[2]
-          };
-        } else {
-          // Convert sRGB to greyscale
-          background = { multiplier * (
-            0.2126 * baton->background[0] +
-            0.7152 * baton->background[1] +
-            0.0722 * baton->background[2])
-          };
-        }
-        // Add alpha channel to background colour
-        if (baton->background[3] < 255.0 || HasAlpha(image)) {
-          background.push_back(baton->background[3] * multiplier);
-        }
-        // Ensure background colour uses correct colourspace
-        background = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(background, image.interpretation());
-        // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
-        if (baton->background[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
-          image = image.bandjoin(
-            VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
-        }
+        std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->extendBackground);
+
         // Embed
         baton->width = image.width() + baton->extendLeft + baton->extendRight;
         baton->height = image.height() + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
@@ -693,8 +650,19 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           (baton->err).append("Cannot extract channel from image. Too few channels in image.");
           return Error();
         }
-        image = image.extract_band(baton->extractChannel);
+        VipsInterpretation const interpretation = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation())
+          ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16
+          : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W;
+        image = image
+          .extract_band(baton->extractChannel)
+          .copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", interpretation));
       }
+
+      // Remove alpha channel, if any
+      if (baton->removeAlpha) {
+        image = sharp::RemoveAlpha(image);
+      }
+
       // Convert image to sRGB, if not already
       if (sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation())) {
         image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_USHORT);
@@ -730,9 +698,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("interlace", baton->jpegProgressive)
             ->set("no_subsample", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4")
             ->set("trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation)
+            ->set("quant_table", baton->jpegQuantisationTable)
             ->set("overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing)
             ->set("optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans)
-            ->set("optimize_coding", TRUE)));
+            ->set("optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
           area->free_fn = nullptr;
@@ -845,9 +814,10 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("interlace", baton->jpegProgressive)
             ->set("no_subsample", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4")
             ->set("trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation)
+            ->set("quant_table", baton->jpegQuantisationTable)
             ->set("overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing)
             ->set("optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans)
-            ->set("optimize_coding", TRUE));
+            ->set("optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding));
           baton->formatOut = "jpeg";
           baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "png" || (mightMatchInput && isPng) || (willMatchInput &&
@@ -880,10 +850,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           if (baton->tiffCompression == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG) {
             sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, ImageType::JPEG);
           }
-          // Cast pixel values to float, if required
-          if (baton->tiffPredictor == VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_FLOAT) {
-            image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_FLOAT);
-          }
           image.tiffsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
             ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
             ->set("Q", baton->tiffQuality)
@@ -924,21 +890,30 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
               {"interlace", baton->jpegProgressive ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
               {"no_subsample", baton->jpegChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4" ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
               {"trellis_quant", baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"quant_table", std::to_string(baton->jpegQuantisationTable)},
               {"overshoot_deringing", baton->jpegOvershootDeringing ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
               {"optimize_scans", baton->jpegOptimiseScans ? "TRUE": "FALSE"},
-              {"optimize_coding", "TRUE"}
+              {"optimize_coding", baton->jpegOptimiseCoding ? "TRUE": "FALSE"}
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(extname, options);
           }
           // Write DZ to file
-          image.dzsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
-            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
-            ->set("tile_size", baton->tileSize)
-            ->set("overlap", baton->tileOverlap)
-            ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
-            ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
-            ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
-            ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle)));
+          vips::VOption *options = VImage::option()
+                                       ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+                                       ->set("tile_size", baton->tileSize)
+                                       ->set("overlap", baton->tileOverlap)
+                                       ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
+                                       ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
+                                       ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
+                                       ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle));
+
+          // libvips chooses a default depth based on layout. Instead of replicating that logic here by
+          // not passing anything - libvips will handle choice
+          if (baton->tileDepth < VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {
+            options->set("depth", baton->tileDepth);
+          }
+
+          image.dzsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), options);
           baton->formatOut = "dz";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "v" || (mightMatchInput && isV) ||
           (willMatchInput && inputImageType == ImageType::VIPS)) {
@@ -993,6 +968,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         Set(info, New("cropOffsetTop").ToLocalChecked(),
           New<v8::Int32>(static_cast<int32_t>(baton->cropOffsetTop)));
       }
+      if (baton->trimThreshold > 0.0) {
+        Set(info, New("trimOffsetLeft").ToLocalChecked(),
+          New<v8::Int32>(static_cast<int32_t>(baton->trimOffsetLeft)));
+        Set(info, New("trimOffsetTop").ToLocalChecked(),
+          New<v8::Int32>(static_cast<int32_t>(baton->trimOffsetTop)));
+      }
 
       if (baton->bufferOutLength > 0) {
         // Pass ownership of output data to Buffer instance
@@ -1124,6 +1105,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   using sharp::AttrTo;
   using sharp::AttrAs;
   using sharp::AttrAsStr;
+  using sharp::AttrAsRgba;
   using sharp::CreateInputDescriptor;
 
   // Input Buffers must not undergo GC compaction during processing
@@ -1167,11 +1149,6 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   } else if (canvas == "ignore_aspect") {
     baton->canvas = Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
   }
-  // Background colour
-  v8::Local<v8::Object> background = AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "background");
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-    baton->background[i] = AttrTo<double>(background, i);
-  }
   // Tint chroma
   baton->tintA = AttrTo<double>(options, "tintA");
   baton->tintB = AttrTo<double>(options, "tintB");
@@ -1186,8 +1163,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   }
   // Resize options
   baton->withoutEnlargement = AttrTo<bool>(options, "withoutEnlargement");
-  baton->crop = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "crop");
-  baton->embed = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "embed");
+  baton->position = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "position");
+  baton->resizeBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "resizeBackground");
   baton->kernel = AttrAsStr(options, "kernel");
   baton->fastShrinkOnLoad = AttrTo<bool>(options, "fastShrinkOnLoad");
   // Join Channel Options
@@ -1205,6 +1182,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   }
   // Operators
   baton->flatten = AttrTo<bool>(options, "flatten");
+  baton->flattenBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "flattenBackground");
   baton->negate = AttrTo<bool>(options, "negate");
   baton->blurSigma = AttrTo<double>(options, "blurSigma");
   baton->medianSize = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "medianSize");
@@ -1213,7 +1191,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->sharpenJagged = AttrTo<double>(options, "sharpenJagged");
   baton->threshold = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "threshold");
   baton->thresholdGrayscale = AttrTo<bool>(options, "thresholdGrayscale");
-  baton->trimTolerance = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "trimTolerance");
+  baton->trimThreshold = AttrTo<double>(options, "trimThreshold");
   baton->gamma = AttrTo<double>(options, "gamma");
   baton->linearA = AttrTo<double>(options, "linearA");
   baton->linearB = AttrTo<double>(options, "linearB");
@@ -1221,6 +1199,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->normalise = AttrTo<bool>(options, "normalise");
   baton->useExifOrientation = AttrTo<bool>(options, "useExifOrientation");
   baton->angle = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "angle");
+  baton->rotationAngle = AttrTo<double>(options, "rotationAngle");
+  baton->rotationBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "rotationBackground");
   baton->rotateBeforePreExtract = AttrTo<bool>(options, "rotateBeforePreExtract");
   baton->flip = AttrTo<bool>(options, "flip");
   baton->flop = AttrTo<bool>(options, "flop");
@@ -1228,7 +1208,10 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->extendBottom = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "extendBottom");
   baton->extendLeft = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "extendLeft");
   baton->extendRight = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "extendRight");
+  baton->extendBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "extendBackground");
   baton->extractChannel = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "extractChannel");
+
+  baton->removeAlpha = AttrTo<bool>(options, "removeAlpha");
   if (HasAttr(options, "boolean")) {
     baton->boolean = CreateInputDescriptor(AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "boolean"), buffersToPersist);
     baton->booleanOp = sharp::GetBooleanOperation(AttrAsStr(options, "booleanOp"));
@@ -1263,8 +1246,10 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->jpegProgressive = AttrTo<bool>(options, "jpegProgressive");
   baton->jpegChromaSubsampling = AttrAsStr(options, "jpegChromaSubsampling");
   baton->jpegTrellisQuantisation = AttrTo<bool>(options, "jpegTrellisQuantisation");
+  baton->jpegQuantisationTable = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "jpegQuantisationTable");
   baton->jpegOvershootDeringing = AttrTo<bool>(options, "jpegOvershootDeringing");
   baton->jpegOptimiseScans = AttrTo<bool>(options, "jpegOptimiseScans");
+  baton->jpegOptimiseCoding = AttrTo<bool>(options, "jpegOptimiseCoding");
   baton->pngProgressive = AttrTo<bool>(options, "pngProgressive");
   baton->pngCompressionLevel = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "pngCompressionLevel");
   baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering = AttrTo<bool>(options, "pngAdaptiveFiltering");
@@ -1303,10 +1288,21 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
     baton->tileLayout = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ;
   }
   baton->tileFormat = AttrAsStr(options, "tileFormat");
+  std::string tileDepth = AttrAsStr(options, "tileDepth");
+  if (tileDepth == "onetile") {
+    baton->tileDepth = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_ONETILE;
+  } else if (tileDepth == "one") {
+    baton->tileDepth = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_ONE;
+  } else if (tileDepth == "onepixel") {
+    baton->tileDepth = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_ONEPIXEL;
+  } else {
+    // signal that we do not want to pass any value to dzSave
+    baton->tileDepth = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST;
+  }
   // Force random access for certain operations
   if (baton->accessMethod == VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL && (
-    baton->trimTolerance != 0 || baton->normalise ||
-    baton->crop == 16 || baton->crop == 17)) {
+    baton->trimThreshold > 0.0 || baton->normalise ||
+    baton->position == 16 || baton->position == 17)) {
     baton->accessMethod = VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
   }
 

src/pipeline.h

@@ -61,18 +61,18 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int height;
   int channels;
   Canvas canvas;
-  int crop;
-  int embed;
+  int position;
+  std::vector<double> resizeBackground;
   bool hasCropOffset;
   int cropOffsetLeft;
   int cropOffsetTop;
   bool premultiplied;
   std::string kernel;
   bool fastShrinkOnLoad;
-  double background[4];
   double tintA;
   double tintB;
   bool flatten;
+  std::vector<double> flattenBackground;
   bool negate;
   double blurSigma;
   int medianSize;
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double sharpenJagged;
   int threshold;
   bool thresholdGrayscale;
-  int trimTolerance;
+  double trimThreshold;
+  int trimOffsetLeft;
+  int trimOffsetTop;
   double linearA;
   double linearB;
   double gamma;
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool normalise;
   bool useExifOrientation;
   int angle;
+  double rotationAngle;
+  std::vector<double> rotationBackground;
   bool rotateBeforePreExtract;
   bool flip;
   bool flop;
@@ -96,14 +100,17 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendBottom;
   int extendLeft;
   int extendRight;
+  std::vector<double> extendBackground;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
   VipsAccess accessMethod;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
   bool jpegTrellisQuantisation;
+  int jpegQuantisationTable;
   bool jpegOvershootDeringing;
   bool jpegOptimiseScans;
+  bool jpegOptimiseCoding;
   bool pngProgressive;
   int pngCompressionLevel;
   bool pngAdaptiveFiltering;
@@ -129,6 +136,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsOperationBoolean booleanOp;
   VipsOperationBoolean bandBoolOp;
   int extractChannel;
+  bool removeAlpha;
   VipsInterpretation colourspace;
   int tileSize;
   int tileOverlap;
@@ -136,6 +144,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignDzLayout tileLayout;
   std::string tileFormat;
   int tileAngle;
+  VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
 
   PipelineBaton():
     input(nullptr),
@@ -151,8 +160,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
     canvas(Canvas::CROP),
-    crop(0),
-    embed(0),
+    position(0),
+    resizeBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     hasCropOffset(false),
     cropOffsetLeft(0),
     cropOffsetTop(0),
@@ -160,6 +169,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tintA(128.0),
     tintB(128.0),
     flatten(false),
+    flattenBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
     negate(false),
     blurSigma(0.0),
     medianSize(0),
@@ -168,7 +178,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     sharpenJagged(2.0),
     threshold(0),
     thresholdGrayscale(true),
-    trimTolerance(0),
+    trimThreshold(0.0),
+    trimOffsetLeft(0),
+    trimOffsetTop(0),
     linearA(1.0),
     linearB(0.0),
     gamma(0.0),
@@ -176,19 +188,24 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     normalise(false),
     useExifOrientation(false),
     angle(0),
+    rotationAngle(0.0),
+    rotationBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     flip(false),
     flop(false),
     extendTop(0),
     extendBottom(0),
     extendLeft(0),
     extendRight(0),
+    extendBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     withoutEnlargement(false),
     jpegQuality(80),
     jpegProgressive(false),
     jpegChromaSubsampling("4:2:0"),
     jpegTrellisQuantisation(false),
+    jpegQuantisationTable(0),
     jpegOvershootDeringing(false),
     jpegOptimiseScans(false),
+    jpegOptimiseCoding(true),
     pngProgressive(false),
     pngCompressionLevel(9),
     pngAdaptiveFiltering(false),
@@ -209,17 +226,14 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     booleanOp(VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LAST),
     bandBoolOp(VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LAST),
     extractChannel(-1),
+    removeAlpha(false),
     colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     tileSize(256),
     tileOverlap(0),
     tileContainer(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_FS),
     tileLayout(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ),
-    tileAngle(0){
-      background[0] = 0.0;
-      background[1] = 0.0;
-      background[2] = 0.0;
-      background[3] = 255.0;
-    }
+    tileAngle(0),
+    tileDepth(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {}
 };
 
 #endif  // SRC_PIPELINE_H_

src/stats.cc

@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     using sharp::MaximumImageAlpha;
 
     vips::VImage image;
-    vips::VImage stats;
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
 
     try {
@@ -69,9 +68,8 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     }
     if (imageType != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
       try {
-        stats = image.stats();
-        int bands = image.bands();
-        double const max = MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation());
+        vips::VImage stats = image.stats();
+        int const bands = image.bands();
         for (int b = 1; b <= bands; b++) {
           ChannelStats cStats(static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, b).front()),
                               static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAX_INDEX, b).front()),
@@ -83,11 +81,15 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
                               static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXY_INDEX, b).front()));
           baton->channelStats.push_back(cStats);
         }
-
-        // alpha layer is there and the last band i.e. alpha has its max value greater than 0)
-        if (sharp::HasAlpha(image) && stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, bands).front() != max) {
-          baton->isOpaque = false;
+        // Image is not opaque when alpha layer is present and contains a non-mamixa value
+        if (sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
+          double const minAlpha = static_cast<double>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, bands).front());
+          if (minAlpha != MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
+            baton->isOpaque = false;
+          }
         }
+        // Estimate entropy via histogram of greyscale value frequency
+        baton->entropy = std::abs(image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)[0].hist_find().hist_entropy());
       } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
         (baton->err).append(err.what());
       }
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
 
       Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), channels);
       Set(info, New("isOpaque").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isOpaque));
+      Set(info, New("entropy").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(baton->entropy));
       argv[1] = info;
     }
 

src/stats.h

@@ -51,12 +51,14 @@ struct StatsBaton {
   // Output
   std::vector<ChannelStats> channelStats;
   bool isOpaque;
+  double entropy;
 
   std::string err;
 
   StatsBaton():
     input(nullptr),
-    isOpaque(true)
+    isOpaque(true),
+    entropy(0.0)
     {}
 };
 

src/utilities.cc

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(_maxColourDistance) {
     }
     // Calculate colour distance
     maxColourDistance = image1.dE00(image2).max();
-  } catch (VError err) {
+  } catch (VError const &err) {
     return ThrowError(err.what());
   }
 

test/bench/package.json

@@ -8,19 +8,17 @@
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^2.6.0",
+    "async": "^2.6.1",
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
     "gm": "^1.23.1",
     "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
     "imagemagick-native": "^1.9.3",
-    "images": "^3.0.1",
-    "jimp": "^0.2.28",
-    "mapnik": "^3.6.2",
-    "pajk-lwip": "^0.2.0",
-    "semver": "^5.4.1"
+    "jimp": "^0.5.3",
+    "mapnik": "^4.0.1",
+    "semver": "^5.5.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=4"
+    "node": ">=6"
   }
 }

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -12,24 +12,12 @@ const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = require('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
-let images;
-try {
-  images = require('images');
-} catch (err) {
-  console.log('Excluding node-images');
-}
 let imagemagickNative;
 try {
   imagemagickNative = require('imagemagick-native');
 } catch (err) {
   console.log('Excluding imagemagick-native');
 }
-let lwip;
-try {
-  lwip = require('pajk-lwip');
-} catch (err) {
-  console.log('Excluding lwip');
-}
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
@@ -38,8 +26,6 @@ const height = 588;
 
 // Disable libvips cache to ensure tests are as fair as they can be
 sharp.cache(false);
-// Enable use of SIMD
-sharp.simd(true);
 
 async.series({
   'jpeg': function (callback) {
@@ -54,7 +40,7 @@ async.series({
             throw err;
           } else {
             image
-              .resize(width, height)
+              .resize(width, height, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
               .quality(80)
               .getBuffer(jimp.MIME_JPEG, function (err) {
                 if (err) {
@@ -74,7 +60,7 @@ async.series({
             throw err;
           } else {
             image
-              .resize(width, height)
+              .resize(width, height, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
               .quality(80)
               .write(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
                 if (err) {
@@ -87,51 +73,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // lwip
-    if (typeof lwip !== 'undefined') {
-      jpegSuite.add('lwip-file-file', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          lwip.open(fixtures.inputJpg, function (err, image) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            }
-            image.resize(width, height, 'lanczos', function (err, image) {
-              if (err) {
-                throw err;
-              }
-              image.writeFile(fixtures.outputJpg, {quality: 80}, function (err) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                }
-                deferred.resolve();
-              });
-            });
-          });
-        }
-      }).add('lwip-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          lwip.open(inputJpgBuffer, 'jpg', function (err, image) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            }
-            image.resize(width, height, 'lanczos', function (err, image) {
-              if (err) {
-                throw err;
-              }
-              image.toBuffer('jpg', {quality: 80}, function (err, buffer) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                }
-                assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-                deferred.resolve();
-              });
-            });
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // mapnik
     jpegSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -272,14 +213,6 @@ async.series({
           });
       }
     });
-    // images
-    if (typeof images !== 'undefined') {
-      jpegSuite.add('images-file-file', function () {
-        images(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .resize(width, height)
-          .save(fixtures.outputJpg, { quality: 80 });
-      });
-    }
     // sharp
     jpegSuite.add('sharp-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -569,8 +502,10 @@ async.series({
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
-          .crop(sharp.strategy.entropy)
+          .resize(width, height, {
+            fit: 'cover',
+            position: sharp.strategy.entropy
+          })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -584,8 +519,10 @@ async.series({
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
-          .crop(sharp.strategy.attention)
+          .resize(width, height, {
+            fit: 'cover',
+            position: sharp.strategy.attention
+          })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -696,31 +633,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // lwip
-    if (typeof lwip !== 'undefined') {
-      pngSuite.add('lwip-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          lwip.open(inputPngBuffer, 'png', function (err, image) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            }
-            image.resize(width, height, 'lanczos', function (err, image) {
-              if (err) {
-                throw err;
-              }
-              image.toBuffer('png', function (err, buffer) {
-                if (err) {
-                  throw err;
-                }
-                assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-                deferred.resolve();
-              });
-            });
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // mapnik
     pngSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -833,14 +745,6 @@ async.series({
           });
       }
     });
-    // images
-    if (typeof images !== 'undefined') {
-      pngSuite.add('images-file-file', function () {
-        images(fixtures.inputPng)
-          .resize(width, height)
-          .save(fixtures.outputPng);
-      });
-    }
     // sharp
     pngSuite.add('sharp-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,

test/fixtures/index.js

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ const fingerprint = function (image, callback) {
   sharp(image)
     .greyscale()
     .normalise()
-    .resize(9, 8)
-    .ignoreAspectRatio()
+    .resize(9, 8, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
     .raw()
     .toBuffer(function (err, data) {
       if (err) {

test/leak/leak.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if ! type valgrind >/dev/null; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
-curl -o ./test/leak/libvips.supp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jcupitt/libvips/master/libvips.supp
+curl -s -o ./test/leak/libvips.supp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libvips/libvips/master/libvips.supp
 
 for test in ./test/unit/*.js; do
   G_SLICE=always-malloc G_DEBUG=gc-friendly valgrind \
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ for test in ./test/unit/*.js; do
     --show-leak-kinds=definite,indirect,possible \
     --num-callers=20 \
     --trace-children=yes \
-    mocha --slow=60000 --timeout=120000 "$test";
+    node node_modules/.bin/mocha --slow=60000 --timeout=120000 --file test/unit/beforeEach.js "$test";
 done

test/leak/sharp.supp

@@ -233,7 +233,13 @@
   ...
   fun:uv__work_done
 }
-
+{
+  leak_libuv_FlushForegroundTasks
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN4node12NodePlatform28FlushForegroundTasksInternalEv
+}
 # nodejs warnings
 {
   param_nodejs_write_buffer
@@ -360,6 +366,17 @@
   ...
   fun:_ZN2v84base6Thread5StartEv
 }
+{
+  leak_nodejs_thread_TracingController
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  fun:calloc
+  fun:allocate_dtv
+  fun:_dl_allocate_tls
+  fun:allocate_stack
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN4node12NodePlatformC1EiPN2v817TracingControllerE
+}
 {
   leak_nan_FunctionCallbackInfo
   Memcheck:Leak

test/saliency/report.js

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ const async = require('async');
 const sharp = require('../../');
 
 const crops = {
-  centre: sharp.gravity.centre,
   entropy: sharp.strategy.entropy,
   attention: sharp.strategy.attention
 };
@@ -34,23 +33,35 @@ async.eachLimit(files, concurrency, function (file, done) {
   const salientHeight = userData[file].bottom - userData[file].top;
   sharp(filename).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
     if (err) console.log(err);
+    const marginWidth = metadata.width - salientWidth;
+    const marginHeight = metadata.height - salientHeight;
     async.each(Object.keys(crops), function (crop, done) {
       async.parallel([
         // Left edge accuracy
         function (done) {
-          sharp(filename).resize(salientWidth, metadata.height).crop(crops[crop]).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            const accuracy = Math.round(Math.abs(userData[file].left - info.cropCalcLeft) / (metadata.width - salientWidth) * 100);
-            incrementScore(accuracy, crop);
-            done(err);
-          });
+          if (marginWidth) {
+            sharp(filename).resize(salientWidth, metadata.height).crop(crops[crop]).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+              const delta = Math.abs(userData[file].left + info.cropOffsetLeft);
+              const accuracy = Math.round(marginWidth / (marginWidth + delta) * 100);
+              incrementScore(accuracy, crop);
+              done(err);
+            });
+          } else {
+            done();
+          }
         },
         // Top edge accuracy
         function (done) {
-          sharp(filename).resize(metadata.width, salientHeight).crop(crops[crop]).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-            const accuracy = Math.round(Math.abs(userData[file].top - info.cropCalcTop) / (metadata.height - salientHeight) * 100);
-            incrementScore(accuracy, crop);
-            done(err);
-          });
+          if (marginHeight) {
+            sharp(filename).resize(metadata.width, salientHeight).crop(crops[crop]).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+              const delta = Math.abs(userData[file].top + info.cropOffsetTop);
+              const accuracy = Math.round(marginHeight / (marginHeight + delta) * 100);
+              incrementScore(accuracy, crop);
+              done(err);
+            });
+          } else {
+            done();
+          }
         }
       ], done);
     }, done);
@@ -60,7 +71,7 @@ async.eachLimit(files, concurrency, function (file, done) {
   Object.keys(scores).forEach(function (accuracy) {
     report.push(
       Object.assign({
-        accuracy: parseInt(accuracy, 10)
+        accuracy: Number(accuracy)
       }, scores[accuracy])
     );
   });

test/unit/alpha.js

@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
 
   it('Flatten to RGB orange', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
-      .flatten()
-      .background({r: 255, g: 102, b: 0})
       .resize(400, 300)
+      .flatten({
+        background: { r: 255, g: 102, b: 0 }
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(400, info.width);
@@ -32,9 +33,8 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
 
   it('Flatten to CSS/hex orange', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
-      .flatten()
-      .background('#ff6600')
       .resize(400, 300)
+      .flatten({ background: '#ff6600' })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(400, info.width);
@@ -46,8 +46,9 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
   it('Flatten 16-bit PNG with transparency to orange', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
-      .flatten()
-      .background({r: 255, g: 102, b: 0})
+      .flatten({
+        background: { r: 255, g: 102, b: 0 }
+      })
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
@@ -71,8 +72,7 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
 
   it('Ignored for JPEG', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .background('#ff0000')
-      .flatten()
+      .flatten({ background: '#ff0000' })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
@@ -81,35 +81,45 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Enlargement with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function (done) {
+  it('Enlargement with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function () {
     const base = 'alpha-premultiply-enlargement-2048x1536-paper.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path('output.' + base);
     const expected = fixtures.expected(base);
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationSmall)
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationSmall)
       .resize(2048, 1536)
-      .toFile(actual, function (err) {
-        if (err) {
-          done(err);
-        } else {
-          fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected, 102);
-          done();
-        }
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(function () {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected, 102);
       });
   });
 
-  it('Reduction with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function (done) {
+  it('Reduction with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function () {
     const base = 'alpha-premultiply-reduction-1024x768-paper.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path('output.' + base);
     const expected = fixtures.expected(base);
-    sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
       .resize(1024, 768)
-      .toFile(actual, function (err) {
-        if (err) {
-          done(err);
-        } else {
-          fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected, 102);
-          done();
-        }
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(function () {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected, 102);
       });
   });
+
+  it('Removes alpha from fixtures with transparency, ignores those without', function () {
+    return Promise.all([
+      fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency,
+      fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
+      fixtures.inputWebPWithTransparency,
+      fixtures.inputJpg,
+      fixtures.inputPng,
+      fixtures.inputWebP
+    ].map(function (input) {
+      return sharp(input)
+        .removeAlpha()
+        .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+        .then(function (result) {
+          assert.strictEqual(3, result.info.channels);
+        });
+    }));
+  });
 });

test/unit/beforeEach.js

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
+const sharp = require('../../');
+
+const usingCache = detectLibc.family !== detectLibc.MUSL;
+const usingSimd = !process.env.G_DEBUG;
+
+beforeEach(function () {
+  sharp.cache(usingCache);
+  sharp.simd(usingSimd);
+});

test/unit/cache.js

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-const sharp = require('../../');
-
-// Define SHARP_TEST_WITHOUT_CACHE environment variable to prevent use of libvips' cache
-
-beforeEach(function () {
-  sharp.cache(!process.env.SHARP_TEST_WITHOUT_CACHE);
-});

test/unit/colourspace.js

@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ describe('Colour space conversion', function () {
 
   it('From CMYK to sRGB with white background, not yellow', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithCmykProfile)
-      .resize(320, 240)
-      .background('white')
-      .embed()
+      .resize(320, 240, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: 'white'
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);

test/unit/deprecated-background.js

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
+const sharp = require('../../');
+
+describe('Deprecated background', function () {
+  it('Flatten to RGB orange', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+      .flatten()
+      .background({r: 255, g: 102, b: 0})
+      .resize(400, 300)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(400, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(300, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('flatten-orange.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Flatten to CSS/hex orange', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+      .flatten()
+      .background('#ff6600')
+      .resize(400, 300)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(400, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(300, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('flatten-orange.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Flatten 16-bit PNG with transparency to orange', function (done) {
+    const output = fixtures.path('output.flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg');
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
+      .flatten()
+      .background({r: 255, g: 102, b: 0})
+      .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(32, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg'), 25);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Ignored for JPEG', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .background('#ff0000')
+      .flatten()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('extend all sides equally with RGB', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(120)
+      .background({r: 255, g: 0, b: 0})
+      .extend(10)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+});

test/unit/deprecated-crop.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const assert = require('assert');
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
-describe('Crop', function () {
+describe('Deprecated crop', function () {
   [
     {
       name: 'North',
@@ -177,25 +177,6 @@ describe('Crop', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Clamp before crop when one post-resize dimension is below target', function () {
-    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(1024, 1034)
-      .toBuffer()
-      .then(function (input) {
-        return sharp(input)
-          .rotate(270)
-          .resize(256)
-          .crop(sharp.strategy.entropy)
-          .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
-          .then(function (result) {
-            assert.strictEqual(256, result.info.width);
-            assert.strictEqual(253, result.info.height);
-            assert.strictEqual(0, result.info.cropOffsetLeft);
-            assert.strictEqual(0, result.info.cropOffsetTop);
-          });
-      });
-  });
-
   describe('Entropy-based strategy', function () {
     it('JPEG', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)

test/unit/deprecated-embed.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const assert = require('assert');
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
-describe('Embed', function () {
+describe('Deprecated embed', function () {
   it('Allows specifying the gravity as a string', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(320, 240)
@@ -114,23 +114,6 @@ describe('Embed', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it.skip('embed TIFF in LAB colourspace onto RGBA background', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputTiffCielab)
-      .resize(64, 128)
-      .embed()
-      .background({r: 255, g: 102, b: 0, alpha: 0.5})
-      .png()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(64, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(128, info.height);
-        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-lab-into-rgba.png'), data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
   it('Enlarge and embed', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithOneColor)
       .embed()

test/unit/deprecated-resize.js

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const sharp = require('../../');
+const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
+
+describe('Deprecated resize-related functions', function () {
+  it('Max width or height considering ratio (portrait)', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
+      .resize(320, 320)
+      .max()
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(243, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Min width or height considering ratio (portrait)', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
+      .resize(320, 320)
+      .min()
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(422, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Max width or height considering ratio (landscape)', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320)
+      .max()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(261, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Provide only one dimension with max, should default to crop', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320)
+      .max()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(261, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Min width or height considering ratio (landscape)', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320)
+      .min()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(392, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Provide only one dimension with min, should default to crop', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320)
+      .min()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(261, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do not enlarge when input width is already less than output width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(2800)
+      .withoutEnlargement()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do not enlarge when input height is already less than output height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(null, 2300)
+      .withoutEnlargement()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do enlarge when input width is less than output width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(2800)
+      .withoutEnlargement(false)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2800, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2286, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Downscale width and height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Downscale width, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Downscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(null, 320)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Upscale width and height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, 3000)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Upscale width, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Upscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(null, 3000)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Downscale width, upscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 3000)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Upscale width, downscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, 320)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Identity transform, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+});

test/unit/extend.js

@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@ describe('Extend', function () {
   it('extend all sides equally with RGB', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(120)
-      .background({r: 255, g: 0, b: 0})
-      .extend(10)
+      .extend({
+        top: 10,
+        bottom: 10,
+        left: 10,
+        right: 10,
+        background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
@@ -22,8 +27,13 @@ describe('Extend', function () {
   it('extend sides unequally with RGBA', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
       .resize(120)
-      .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
-      .extend({top: 50, bottom: 0, left: 10, right: 35})
+      .extend({
+        top: 50,
+        bottom: 0,
+        left: 10,
+        right: 35,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(165, info.width);
@@ -50,9 +60,14 @@ describe('Extend', function () {
 
   it('should add alpha channel before extending with a transparent Background', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithLandscapeExif1)
-      .background({r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0})
+      .extend({
+        top: 0,
+        bottom: 10,
+        left: 0,
+        right: 10,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+      })
       .toFormat(sharp.format.png)
-      .extend({top: 0, bottom: 10, left: 0, right: 10})
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(610, info.width);
@@ -63,8 +78,13 @@ describe('Extend', function () {
 
   it('PNG with 2 channels', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
-      .background('transparent')
-      .extend({top: 0, bottom: 20, left: 0, right: 20})
+      .extend({
+        top: 0,
+        bottom: 20,
+        left: 0,
+        right: 20,
+        background: 'transparent'
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);

test/unit/extract.js

@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
 
   it('After resize and crop', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(500, 500)
-      .crop(sharp.gravity.north)
+      .resize(500, 500, {
+        position: sharp.gravity.north
+      })
       .extract({ left: 10, top: 10, width: 100, height: 100 })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -83,8 +84,9 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
   it('Before and after resize and crop', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .extract({ left: 0, top: 0, width: 700, height: 700 })
-      .resize(500, 500)
-      .crop(sharp.gravity.north)
+      .resize(500, 500, {
+        position: sharp.gravity.north
+      })
       .extract({ left: 10, top: 10, width: 100, height: 100 })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(280, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(380, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-extract.jpg'), data, { threshold: 6 }, done);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-extract.jpg'), data, { threshold: 7 }, done);
       });
   });
 

test/unit/extractChannel.js

@@ -54,6 +54,32 @@ describe('Image channel extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('With colorspace conversion', function (done) {
+    const output = fixtures.path('output.extract-lch.jpg');
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .toColourspace('lch')
+      .extractChannel(1)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
+      .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('extract-lch.jpg'), 9);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Alpha from 16-bit PNG', function (done) {
+    const output = fixtures.path('output.extract-alpha-16bit.jpg');
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
+      .extractChannel(3)
+      .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('extract-alpha-16bit.jpg'));
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Invalid channel number', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)

test/unit/io.js

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 const fs = require('fs');
 const assert = require('assert');
+const rimraf = require('rimraf');
 
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
 
   it('Read from File and write to Stream', function (done) {
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
-    writable.on('finish', function () {
+    writable.on('close', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.outputJpg).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -24,8 +25,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-        done();
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
       });
     });
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(320, 240).pipe(writable);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
   it('Read from Buffer and write to Stream', function (done) {
     const inputJpgBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
-    writable.on('finish', function () {
+    writable.on('close', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.outputJpg).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-        done();
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
       });
     });
     sharp(inputJpgBuffer).resize(320, 240).pipe(writable);
@@ -57,8 +56,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
       assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
       assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-      fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-      done();
+      rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
     });
     readable.pipe(pipeline);
   });
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
   it('Read from Stream and write to Stream', function (done) {
     const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
-    writable.on('finish', function () {
+    writable.on('close', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.outputJpg).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -142,8 +140,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-        done();
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
       });
     });
     const pipeline = sharp().resize(320, 240);
@@ -162,10 +159,9 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
       infoEventEmitted = true;
     });
-    writable.on('finish', function () {
+    writable.on('close', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(true, infoEventEmitted);
-      fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-      done();
+      rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
     });
     readable.pipe(pipeline).pipe(writable);
   });
@@ -177,8 +173,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       anErrorWasEmitted = !!err;
     }).on('end', function () {
       assert(anErrorWasEmitted);
-      fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-      done();
+      rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
     });
     const readableButNotAnImage = fs.createReadStream(__filename);
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
@@ -192,8 +187,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       anErrorWasEmitted = !!err;
     }).on('end', function () {
       assert(anErrorWasEmitted);
-      fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-      done();
+      rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
     });
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
     readableButNotAnImage.pipe(writable);
@@ -202,7 +196,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
   it('Readable side of Stream can start flowing after Writable side has finished', function (done) {
     const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
-    writable.on('finish', function () {
+    writable.on('close', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.outputJpg).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -210,8 +204,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputJpg);
-        done();
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputJpg, done);
       });
     });
     const pipeline = sharp().resize(320, 240);
@@ -389,6 +382,16 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('Invalid JPEG quantisation table', function () {
+    [-1, 88.2, 'test'].forEach(function (table) {
+      it(table.toString(), function () {
+        assert.throws(function () {
+          sharp().jpeg({ quantisationTable: table });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Progressive JPEG image', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(320, 240)
@@ -554,8 +557,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
 
@@ -568,8 +570,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
 
@@ -582,8 +583,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
 
@@ -596,8 +596,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
 
@@ -610,8 +609,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
 
@@ -625,8 +623,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
           assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
           assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputZoinks);
-          done();
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputZoinks, done);
         });
     });
   });
@@ -826,6 +823,67 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Optimise coding generates smaller output length', function (done) {
+    // First generate with optimize coding enabled (default)
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, withOptimiseCoding, withInfo) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, withOptimiseCoding.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(withOptimiseCoding.length, withInfo.size);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withInfo.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, withInfo.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, withInfo.height);
+        // Then generate with coding disabled
+        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+          .resize(320, 240)
+          .jpeg({ optimizeCoding: false })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, withoutOptimiseCoding, withoutInfo) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withoutOptimiseCoding.length > 0);
+            assert.strictEqual(withoutOptimiseCoding.length, withoutInfo.size);
+            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withoutInfo.format);
+            assert.strictEqual(320, withoutInfo.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(240, withoutInfo.height);
+            // Verify optimised image is of a smaller size
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withOptimiseCoding.length < withoutOptimiseCoding.length);
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Specifying quantisation table provides different JPEG', function (done) {
+    // First generate with default quantisation table
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, withDefaultQuantisationTable, withInfo) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, withDefaultQuantisationTable.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(withDefaultQuantisationTable.length, withInfo.size);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withInfo.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, withInfo.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, withInfo.height);
+        // Then generate with different quantisation table
+        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+          .resize(320, 240)
+          .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false, quantisationTable: 3 })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, withQuantTable3, withoutInfo) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length > 0);
+            assert.strictEqual(withQuantTable3.length, withoutInfo.size);
+            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withoutInfo.format);
+            assert.strictEqual(320, withoutInfo.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(240, withoutInfo.height);
+
+            // Verify image is same (as mozjpeg may not be present) size or less
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length <= withDefaultQuantisationTable.length);
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Convert SVG to PNG at default 72DPI', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputSvg)
       .resize(1024)
@@ -868,6 +926,21 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Convert SVG to PNG at 14.4DPI', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputSvg, { density: 14.4 })
+      .toFormat('png')
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(20, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(20, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('svg14.4.png'), data, function (err) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Convert SVG with embedded images to PNG, respecting dimensions, autoconvert to PNG', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputSvgWithEmbeddedImages)
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
@@ -994,7 +1067,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size === startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1011,7 +1084,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < (startSize / 2));
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1034,7 +1107,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         sharp(fixtures.outputTiff).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
           if (err) throw err;
           assert.strictEqual(metadata.density, res * 2.54); // convert to dpi
-          fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+          rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
         });
       });
   });
@@ -1079,7 +1152,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1095,7 +1168,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1110,7 +1183,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1125,7 +1198,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1140,7 +1213,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1154,7 +1227,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
         assert(info.size < startSize);
-        fs.unlink(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputTiff, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1298,8 +1371,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('v', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(70, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(60, info.height);
-        fs.unlinkSync(fixtures.outputV);
-        done();
+        rimraf(fixtures.outputV, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -1435,11 +1507,6 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         sharp(null, { density: 'zoinks' });
       });
     });
-    it('Invalid density: float', function () {
-      assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(null, { density: 0.5 });
-      });
-    });
     it('Ignore unknown attribute', function () {
       sharp(null, { unknown: true });
     });

test/unit/libvips.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const assert = require('assert');
+const fs = require('fs');
 const semver = require('semver');
 const libvips = require('../../lib/libvips');
+const mockFS = require('mock-fs');
 
 const originalPlatform = process.platform;
 
@@ -66,5 +68,41 @@ describe('libvips binaries', function () {
 
       delete process.env.SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS;
     });
+    it('cachePath returns a valid path ending with _libvips', function () {
+      const cachePath = libvips.cachePath();
+      assert.strictEqual('string', typeof cachePath);
+      assert.strictEqual('_libvips', cachePath.substr(-8));
+      assert.strictEqual(true, fs.existsSync(cachePath));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('safe directory creation', function () {
+    before(function () {
+      mockFS({
+        exampleDirA: {
+          exampleDirB: {
+            exampleFile: 'Example test file'
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    });
+    after(function () { mockFS.restore(); });
+
+    it('mkdirSync creates a directory', function () {
+      const dirPath = 'createdDir';
+
+      libvips.mkdirSync(dirPath);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, fs.existsSync(dirPath));
+    });
+    it('mkdirSync does not throw error or overwrite an existing dir', function () {
+      const dirPath = 'exampleDirA';
+      const nestedDirPath = 'exampleDirA/exampleDirB';
+      assert.strictEqual(true, fs.existsSync(dirPath));
+
+      libvips.mkdirSync(dirPath);
+
+      assert.strictEqual(true, fs.existsSync(dirPath));
+      assert.strictEqual(true, fs.existsSync(nestedDirPath));
+    });
   });
 });

test/unit/metadata.js

@@ -13,12 +13,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2725, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2225, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -32,12 +35,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithExif).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(450, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(600, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual(72, metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual(8, metadata.orientation);
@@ -79,12 +85,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('tiff', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2464, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(3248, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('b-w', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(1, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual(300, metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual(1, metadata.orientation);
@@ -98,12 +107,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPng).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('png', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2809, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2074, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('b-w', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(1, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual(300, metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -117,12 +129,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('png', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2048, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(1536, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(4, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual(72, metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -136,12 +151,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputWebP).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('webp', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(1024, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(772, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -155,11 +173,14 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputGif).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('gif', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(800, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(533, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -172,11 +193,14 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputGifGreyPlusAlpha).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('gif', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(1, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual(2, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -189,12 +213,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
   it('File in, Promise out', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).metadata().then(function (metadata) {
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2725, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2225, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -218,21 +245,22 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     const pipeline = sharp();
     pipeline.metadata().then(function (metadata) {
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual(829183, metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2725, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2225, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.exif);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.icc);
       done();
-    }).catch(function (err) {
-      throw err;
-    });
+    }).catch(done);
     readable.pipe(pipeline);
   });
 
@@ -241,12 +269,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     const pipeline = sharp().metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual(829183, metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2725, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2225, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -262,12 +293,15 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     image.metadata(function (err, metadata) {
       if (err) throw err;
       assert.strictEqual('jpeg', metadata.format);
+      assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.size);
       assert.strictEqual(2725, metadata.width);
       assert.strictEqual(2225, metadata.height);
       assert.strictEqual('srgb', metadata.space);
       assert.strictEqual(3, metadata.channels);
       assert.strictEqual('uchar', metadata.depth);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.density);
+      assert.strictEqual('4:2:0', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.isProgressive);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasProfile);
       assert.strictEqual(false, metadata.hasAlpha);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.orientation);
@@ -346,6 +380,56 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('chromaSubsampling 4:4:4:4 CMYK JPEG', function () {
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithCmykProfile)
+      .metadata()
+      .then(function (metadata) {
+        assert.strictEqual('4:4:4:4', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('chromaSubsampling 4:4:4 RGB JPEG', function () {
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(10, 10)
+      .jpeg({ chromaSubsampling: '4:4:4' })
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(function (data) {
+        return sharp(data)
+          .metadata()
+          .then(function (metadata) {
+            assert.strictEqual('4:4:4', metadata.chromaSubsampling);
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('isProgressive JPEG', function () {
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(10, 10)
+      .jpeg({ progressive: true })
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(function (data) {
+        return sharp(data)
+          .metadata()
+          .then(function (metadata) {
+            assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.isProgressive);
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('isProgressive PNG', function () {
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(10, 10)
+      .png({ progressive: true })
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(function (data) {
+        return sharp(data)
+          .metadata()
+          .then(function (metadata) {
+            assert.strictEqual(true, metadata.isProgressive);
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('File input with corrupt header fails gracefully', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithCorruptHeader)
       .metadata(function (err) {

test/unit/resize-contain.js

@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const sharp = require('../../');
+const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
+
+describe('Resize fit=contain', function () {
+  it('Allows specifying the position as a string', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240, {
+        fit: 'contain',
+        position: 'center'
+      })
+      .png()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-3-into-3.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('JPEG within PNG, no alpha channel', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fit: 'contain' })
+      .png()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-3-into-3.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('JPEG within WebP, to include alpha channel', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240, {
+        fit: 'contain',
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+      })
+      .webp()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-3-into-4.webp'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('PNG with alpha channel', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+      .resize(50, 50, { fit: 'contain' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(50, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(50, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-4-into-4.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('16-bit PNG with alpha channel', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
+      .resize(32, 16, { fit: 'contain' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(16, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-16bit.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('16-bit PNG with alpha channel onto RGBA', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit)
+      .resize(32, 16, {
+        fit: 'contain',
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(16, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-16bit-rgba.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('PNG with 2 channels', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
+      .resize(32, 16, {
+        fit: 'contain',
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(16, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-2channel.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it.skip('TIFF in LAB colourspace onto RGBA background', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputTiffCielab)
+      .resize(64, 128, {
+        fit: 'contain',
+        background: { r: 255, g: 102, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }
+      })
+      .png()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(64, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(128, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-lab-into-rgba.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Enlarge', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithOneColor)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fit: 'contain' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-enlarge.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Invalid position values should fail', function () {
+    [-1, 8.1, 9, 1000000, false, 'vallejo'].forEach(function (position) {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'contain', position });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a2-n.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal right top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a3-ne.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal right', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a4-e.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal right bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a5-se.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a6-s.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal left bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a7-sw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal left', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a8-w.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal left top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a1-nw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal north', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.north
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a2-n.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal northeast', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.northeast
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a3-ne.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal east', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.east
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a4-e.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal southeast', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.southeast
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a5-se.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal south', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.south
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a6-s.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal southwest', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.southwest
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a7-sw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal west', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.west
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a8-w.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal northwest', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.northwest
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a1-nw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position horizontal center', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 100, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.center
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(100, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/a9-c.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/2-n.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical right top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/3-ne.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical right', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/4-e.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical right bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'right bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/5-se.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/6-s.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical left bottom', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left bottom'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/7-sw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical left', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/8-w.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical left top', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: 'left top'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/1-nw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical north', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.north
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/2-n.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical northeast', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.northeast
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/3-ne.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical east', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.east
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/4-e.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical southeast', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.southeast
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/5-se.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical south', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.south
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/6-s.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical southwest', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.southwest
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/7-sw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical west', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.west
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/8-w.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical northwest', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.northwest
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/1-nw.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Position vertical center', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngEmbed)
+      .resize(200, 200, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.contain,
+        background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 },
+        position: sharp.gravity.center
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('./embedgravitybird/9-c.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+});

test/unit/resize-cover.js

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const sharp = require('../../');
+const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
+
+describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
+  [
+    // Position
+    {
+      name: 'Position: top',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position.top,
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: right',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position.right,
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: bottom',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position.bottom,
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: left',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position.left,
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: right top (top)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position['right top'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: right top (right)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position['right top'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: right bottom (bottom)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position['right bottom'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: right bottom (right)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position['right bottom'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: left bottom (bottom)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position['left bottom'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: left bottom (left)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position['left bottom'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: left top (top)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.position['left top'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Position: left top (left)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.position['left top'],
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    },
+    // Gravity
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: north',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.north,
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: east',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.east,
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: south',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.south,
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: west',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.west,
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: center',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.center,
+      fixture: 'gravity-center.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: centre',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.centre,
+      fixture: 'gravity-centre.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Default (centre)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: undefined,
+      fixture: 'gravity-centre.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: northeast (north)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.northeast,
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: northeast (east)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.northeast,
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: southeast (south)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast,
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: southeast (east)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast,
+      fixture: 'gravity-east.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: southwest (south)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.southwest,
+      fixture: 'gravity-south.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: southwest (west)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.southwest,
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: northwest (north)',
+      width: 320,
+      height: 80,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.northwest,
+      fixture: 'gravity-north.jpg'
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'Gravity: northwest (west)',
+      width: 80,
+      height: 320,
+      gravity: sharp.gravity.northwest,
+      fixture: 'gravity-west.jpg'
+    }
+  ].forEach(function (settings) {
+    it(settings.name, function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .resize(settings.width, settings.height, {
+          fit: sharp.fit.cover,
+          position: settings.gravity
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(settings.width, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(settings.height, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected(settings.fixture), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Allows specifying the gravity as a string', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(80, 320, {
+        fit: sharp.fit.cover,
+        position: 'east'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-east.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Invalid position values fail', function () {
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'cover', position: 9 });
+    }, /Expected valid position\/gravity\/strategy for position but received 9 of type number/);
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'cover', position: 1.1 });
+    }, /Expected valid position\/gravity\/strategy for position but received 1.1 of type number/);
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'cover', position: -1 });
+    }, /Expected valid position\/gravity\/strategy for position but received -1 of type number/);
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'cover', position: 'zoinks' }).crop();
+    }, /Expected valid position\/gravity\/strategy for position but received zoinks of type string/);
+  });
+
+  it('Uses default value when none specified', function () {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'cover' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Skip crop when post-resize dimensions are at target', function () {
+    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(1600, 1200)
+      .toBuffer()
+      .then(function (input) {
+        return sharp(input)
+          .resize(1110, null, {
+            fit: sharp.fit.cover,
+            position: sharp.strategy.attention
+          })
+          .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+          .then(function (result) {
+            assert.strictEqual(1110, result.info.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(832, result.info.height);
+            assert.strictEqual(undefined, result.info.cropOffsetLeft);
+            assert.strictEqual(undefined, result.info.cropOffsetTop);
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
+  describe('Entropy-based strategy', function () {
+    it('JPEG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .resize(80, 320, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: sharp.strategy.entropy
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(-117, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy-entropy.jpg'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('PNG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+        .resize(320, 80, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: sharp.strategy.entropy
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(-80, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('supports the strategy passed as a string', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+        .resize(320, 80, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: 'entropy'
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(-80, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Attention strategy', function () {
+    it('JPEG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .resize(80, 320, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: sharp.strategy.attention
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(-143, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy-attention.jpg'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('PNG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+        .resize(320, 80, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: sharp.strategy.attention
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('supports the strategy passed as a string', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency)
+        .resize(320, 80, {
+          fit: 'cover',
+          position: 'attention'
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetLeft);
+          assert.strictEqual(0, info.cropOffsetTop);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+});

test/unit/resize.js

@@ -130,10 +130,28 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('JPEG shrink-on-load with 90 degree rotation, ensure recalculation is correct', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(1920, 1280)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(1920, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(1280, info.height);
+        sharp(data)
+          .rotate(90)
+          .resize(533, 800)
+          .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(533, info.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(800, info.height);
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('TIFF embed known to cause rounding errors', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
-      .resize(240, 320)
-      .embed()
+      .resize(240, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.contain })
       .jpeg()
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -159,10 +177,9 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Max width or height considering ratio (portrait)', function (done) {
+  it('fit=inside, portrait', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
-      .resize(320, 320)
-      .max()
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.inside })
       .jpeg()
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -174,10 +191,9 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Min width or height considering ratio (portrait)', function (done) {
+  it('fit=outside, portrait', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
-      .resize(320, 320)
-      .min()
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.outside })
       .jpeg()
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -189,10 +205,9 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Max width or height considering ratio (landscape)', function (done) {
+  it('fit=inside, landscape', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 320)
-      .max()
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.inside })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -203,24 +218,9 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Provide only one dimension with max, should default to crop', function (done) {
+  it('fit=outside, landscape', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320)
-      .max()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(261, info.height);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('Min width or height considering ratio (landscape)', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 320)
-      .min()
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.outside })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -231,10 +231,28 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Provide only one dimension with min, should default to crop', function (done) {
+  it('fit=inside, provide only one dimension', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320)
-      .min()
+      .resize({
+        width: 320,
+        fit: sharp.fit.inside
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(261, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('fit=outside, provide only one dimension', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        width: 320,
+        fit: sharp.fit.outside
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -247,8 +265,10 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
 
   it('Do not enlarge when input width is already less than output width', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(2800)
-      .withoutEnlargement()
+      .resize({
+        width: 2800,
+        withoutEnlargement: true
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -261,8 +281,10 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
 
   it('Do not enlarge when input height is already less than output height', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(null, 2300)
-      .withoutEnlargement()
+      .resize({
+        height: 2300,
+        withoutEnlargement: true
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -275,8 +297,10 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
 
   it('Do enlarge when input width is less than output width', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(2800)
-      .withoutEnlargement(false)
+      .resize({
+        width: 2800,
+        withoutEnlargement: false
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
@@ -287,103 +311,127 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Downscale width and height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(320, 320).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, downscale width and height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Downscale width, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(320).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, downscale width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        width: 320,
+        fit: 'fill'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Downscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(null, 320).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, downscale height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        height: 320,
+        fit: 'fill'
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Upscale width and height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(3000, 3000).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, upscale width and height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, 3000, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Upscale width, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(3000).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, upscale width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, null, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Upscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(null, 3000).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, upscale height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(null, 3000, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Downscale width, upscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(320, 3000).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, downscale width, upscale height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 3000, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Upscale width, downscale height, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).resize(3000, 320).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, upscale width, downscale height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, 320, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
-  it('Identity transform, ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).ignoreAspectRatio().toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-      assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
-      assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
-      done();
-    });
+  it('fit=fill, identity transform', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(null, null, { fit: 'fill' })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
   });
 
   it('Dimensions that result in differing even shrinks on each axis', function (done) {
@@ -481,4 +529,16 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       sharp().resize(null, null, { kernel: 'unknown' });
     });
   });
+
+  it('unknown fit throws', function () {
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { fit: 'unknown' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('unknown position throws', function () {
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().resize(null, null, { position: 'unknown' });
+    });
+  });
 });

test/unit/rotate.js

@@ -23,6 +23,33 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Rotate by 30 degrees with semi-transparent background', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .rotate(30, {background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }})
+      .resize(320)
+      .png()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(408, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(386, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-transparent-bg.png'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Rotate by 30 degrees with solid background', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .rotate(30, {background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }})
+      .resize(320)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(408, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(386, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-solid-bg.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Rotate by 90 degrees, respecting output input size', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).rotate(90).resize(320, 240).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
       if (err) throw err;
@@ -34,6 +61,17 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Rotate by 30 degrees, respecting output input size', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).rotate(30).resize(320, 240).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+      assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+      assert.strictEqual(397, info.width);
+      assert.strictEqual(368, info.height);
+      done();
+    });
+  });
+
   [-3690, -450, -90, 90, 450, 3690].forEach(function (angle) {
     it('Rotate by any 90-multiple angle (' + angle + 'deg)', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg320x240).rotate(angle).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
@@ -45,6 +83,17 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  [-3750, -510, -150, 30, 390, 3630].forEach(function (angle) {
+    it('Rotate by any 30-multiple angle (' + angle + 'deg)', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg320x240).rotate(angle).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(397, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(368, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
   [-3780, -540, 0, 180, 540, 3780].forEach(function (angle) {
     it('Rotate by any 180-multiple angle (' + angle + 'deg)', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg320x240).rotate(angle).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
@@ -58,8 +107,7 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
 
   it('Rotate by 270 degrees, square output ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(240, 240)
-      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .resize(240, 240, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
       .rotate(270)
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -74,10 +122,26 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Rotate by 315 degrees, square output ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(240, 240, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
+      .rotate(315)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(339, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(339, info.height);
+        sharp(data).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(339, metadata.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(339, metadata.height);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Rotate by 270 degrees, rectangular output ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
-      .ignoreAspectRatio()
+      .resize(320, 240, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
       .rotate(270)
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -92,6 +156,23 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Rotate by 30 degrees, rectangular output ignoring aspect ratio', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
+      .rotate(30)
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(397, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(368, info.height);
+        sharp(data).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(397, metadata.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(368, metadata.height);
+          done();
+        });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Input image has Orientation EXIF tag but do not rotate output', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithExif)
       .resize(320)
@@ -185,9 +266,9 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('Rotate to an invalid angle, should fail', function () {
+  it('Rotate with a string argument, should fail', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).rotate(1);
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).rotate('not-a-number');
     });
   });
 

test/unit/stats.js

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
       if (err) throw err;
 
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 7.319914765248541));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
       if (err) throw err;
 
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 0.3409031108021736));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -105,7 +107,9 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
   it('PNG with transparency', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency).stats(function (err, stats) {
       if (err) throw err;
+
       assert.strictEqual(false, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 0.06778064835816622));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
       if (err) throw err;
 
       assert.strictEqual(false, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 0));
 
       // alpha channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[3]['min']);
@@ -204,7 +209,9 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
   it('Tiff', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff).stats(function (err, stats) {
       if (err) throw err;
+
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 0.3851250782608986));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -231,6 +238,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
       if (err) throw err;
 
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 7.51758075132966));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -289,6 +297,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
       if (err) throw err;
 
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 6.087309412541799));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(35, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -345,7 +354,9 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
   it('Grayscale GIF with alpha', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputGifGreyPlusAlpha).stats(function (err, stats) {
       if (err) throw err;
+
       assert.strictEqual(false, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 1));
 
       // gray channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -387,7 +398,9 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
     const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const pipeline = sharp().stats(function (err, stats) {
       if (err) throw err;
+
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 7.319914765248541));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -449,6 +462,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
 
     return pipeline.stats().then(function (stats) {
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 7.319914765248541));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);
@@ -505,6 +519,7 @@ describe('Image Stats', function () {
   it('File in, Promise out', function () {
     return sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).stats().then(function (stats) {
       assert.strictEqual(true, stats.isOpaque);
+      assert.strictEqual(true, isInAcceptableRange(stats.entropy, 7.319914765248541));
 
       // red channel
       assert.strictEqual(0, stats.channels[0]['min']);

test/unit/tile.js

@@ -46,6 +46,51 @@ const assertDeepZoomTiles = function (directory, expectedSize, expectedLevels, d
   }, done);
 };
 
+const assertZoomifyTiles = function (directory, expectedTileSize, expectedLevels, done) {
+  fs.stat(path.join(directory, 'ImageProperties.xml'), function (err, stat) {
+    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ok(stat.isFile());
+    assert.ok(stat.size > 0);
+
+    let maxTileLevel = -1;
+    fs.readdirSync(path.join(directory, 'TileGroup0')).forEach(function (tile) {
+      // Verify tile file name
+      assert.ok(/^[0-9]+-[0-9]+-[0-9]+\.jpg$/.test(tile));
+      let level = parseInt(tile.split('-')[0]);
+      maxTileLevel = Math.max(maxTileLevel, level);
+    });
+
+    assert.strictEqual(maxTileLevel + 1, expectedLevels); // add one to account for zero level tile
+
+    done();
+  });
+};
+
+const assertGoogleTiles = function (directory, expectedTileSize, expectedLevels, done) {
+  const levels = fs.readdirSync(directory);
+  assert.strictEqual(expectedLevels, levels.length - 1); // subtract one to account for default blank tile
+
+  fs.stat(path.join(directory, 'blank.png'), function (err, stat) {
+    if (err) throw err;
+    assert.ok(stat.isFile());
+    assert.ok(stat.size > 0);
+
+    // Basic check to confirm lowest and highest level tiles exist
+    fs.stat(path.join(directory, '0', '0', '0.jpg'), function (err, stat) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      assert.strictEqual(true, stat.isFile());
+      assert.strictEqual(true, stat.size > 0);
+
+      fs.stat(path.join(directory, (expectedLevels - 1).toString(), '0', '0.jpg'), function (err, stat) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, stat.isFile());
+        assert.strictEqual(true, stat.size > 0);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  });
+};
+
 describe('Tile', function () {
   it('Valid size values pass', function () {
     [1, 8192].forEach(function (size) {
@@ -144,6 +189,26 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Valid depths pass', function () {
+    ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'].forEach(function (depth) {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(function (depth) {
+        sharp().tile({
+          depth: depth
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Invalid depths fail', function () {
+    ['depth', 1].forEach(function (depth) {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp().tile({
+          depth: depth
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Prevent larger overlap than default size', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp().tile({
@@ -251,6 +316,54 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Deep Zoom layout with depth of one', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.512_depth_one.dzi_files');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 512,
+          depth: 'one'
+        })
+        .toFile(fixtures.path('output.512_depth_one.dzi'), function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          // Verify only one depth generated
+          assertDeepZoomTiles(directory, 512, 1, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Deep Zoom layout with depth of onepixel', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.512_depth_onepixel.dzi_files');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 512,
+          depth: 'onepixel'
+        })
+        .toFile(fixtures.path('output.512_depth_onepixel.dzi'), function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          // Verify only one depth generated
+          assertDeepZoomTiles(directory, 512, 13, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Deep Zoom layout with depth of onetile', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.256_depth_onetile.dzi_files');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 256,
+          depth: 'onetile'
+        })
+        .toFile(fixtures.path('output.256_depth_onetile.dzi'), function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          // Verify only one depth generated
+          assertDeepZoomTiles(directory, 256, 5, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Zoomify layout', function (done) {
     const directory = fixtures.path('output.zoomify.dzi');
     rimraf(directory, function () {
@@ -275,6 +388,69 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Zoomify layout with depth one', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.zoomify.depth_one.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 256,
+          layout: 'zoomify',
+          depth: 'one'
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+          assertZoomifyTiles(directory, 256, 1, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Zoomify layout with depth onetile', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.zoomify.depth_onetile.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 256,
+          layout: 'zoomify',
+          depth: 'onetile'
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+          assertZoomifyTiles(directory, 256, 5, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Zoomify layout with depth onepixel', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.zoomify.depth_onepixel.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          size: 256,
+          layout: 'zoomify',
+          depth: 'onepixel'
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+          assertZoomifyTiles(directory, 256, 13, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Google layout', function (done) {
     const directory = fixtures.path('output.google.dzi');
     rimraf(directory, function () {
@@ -410,6 +586,72 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Google layout with depth one', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.google_depth_one.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          layout: 'google',
+          depth: 'one',
+          size: 256
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+
+          assertGoogleTiles(directory, 256, 1, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Google layout with depth onepixel', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.google_depth_onepixel.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          layout: 'google',
+          depth: 'onepixel',
+          size: 256
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+
+          assertGoogleTiles(directory, 256, 13, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Google layout with depth onetile', function (done) {
+    const directory = fixtures.path('output.google_depth_onetile.dzi');
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          layout: 'google',
+          depth: 'onetile',
+          size: 256
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+
+          assertGoogleTiles(directory, 256, 5, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Write to ZIP container using file extension', function (done) {
     const container = fixtures.path('output.dz.container.zip');
     const extractTo = fixtures.path('output.dz.container');

test/unit/tint.js

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image red', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-red.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#FF0000')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-red.jpg'), 10);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-red.jpg'), 18);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image green', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-green.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#00FF00')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-green.jpg'), 10);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-green.jpg'), 27);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image blue', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-blue.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#0000FF')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-blue.jpg'), 10);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-blue.jpg'), 14);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image with sepia tone', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-sepia.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#704214')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image with sepia tone with rgb colour', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-sepia.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint([112, 66, 20])
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints rgb image with alpha channel', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-alpha.png');
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngRGBWithAlpha)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#704214')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ describe('Tint', function () {
   it('tints cmyk image red', function (done) {
     const output = fixtures.path('output.tint-cmyk.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithCmykProfile)
-      .resize(320, 240)
+      .resize(320, 240, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
       .tint('#FF0000')
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-cmyk.jpg'), 10);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('tint-cmyk.jpg'), 15);
         done();
       });
   });

test/unit/trim.js

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 const assert = require('assert');
 
 const sharp = require('../../');
+const inRange = require('../../lib/is').inRange;
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 describe('Trim borders', function () {
@@ -16,6 +17,8 @@ describe('Trim borders', function () {
         assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(450, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(322, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(-204, info.trimOffsetLeft);
+        assert.strictEqual(0, info.trimOffsetTop);
         fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
       });
   });
@@ -24,12 +27,16 @@ describe('Trim borders', function () {
     const expected = fixtures.expected('alpha-layer-2-trim-resize.jpg');
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgOverlayLayer2)
       .trim()
-      .resize(300)
+      .resize({
+        width: 300,
+        fastShrinkOnLoad: false
+      })
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(300, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(300, info.height);
+        assert.strictEqual(true, inRange(info.trimOffsetLeft, -873, -870));
+        assert.strictEqual(-554, info.trimOffsetTop);
         fixtures.assertSimilar(expected, data, done);
       });
   });
@@ -45,12 +52,14 @@ describe('Trim borders', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.height);
         assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+        assert.strictEqual(-2, info.trimOffsetLeft);
+        assert.strictEqual(-2, info.trimOffsetTop);
         fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('trim-16bit-rgba.png'), data, done);
       });
   });
 
   describe('Invalid thresholds', function () {
-    [-1, 100, 'fail', {}].forEach(function (threshold) {
+    [-1, 'fail', {}].forEach(function (threshold) {
       it(JSON.stringify(threshold), function () {
         assert.throws(function () {
           sharp().trim(threshold);