Release v0.24.0

Throw rather than exit if require fails

.cirrus.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+freebsd_instance:
+  image_family: freebsd-12-0
+
+task:
+  prerequisites_script:
+    - sed -i '' 's/quarterly/latest/g' /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf
+    - pkg update -f
+    - pkg upgrade -y
+    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips libnghttp2 node npm
+  install_script:
+    - npm install --unsafe-perm
+  test_script:
+    - npm test

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@ New bugs are assigned a `triage` label whilst under investigation.
 
 ## Submit a new feature request
 
-If a [similar request](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/labels/enhancement) exists, it's probably fastest to add a comment to it about your requirement.
+If a [similar request](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/labels/enhancement) exists,
+it's probably fastest to add a comment to it about your requirement.
 
-Implementation is usually straightforward if _libvips_ [already supports](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/) the feature you need.
+Implementation is usually straightforward if libvips
+[already supports](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/func-list.html)
+the feature you need.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request to fix a bug
 
@@ -41,18 +44,18 @@ Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant
 
 | Release | WIP branch |
 | ------: | :--------- |
-| v0.21.0 | teeth      |
-| v0.22.0 | uptake     |
+| v0.24.0 | wit        |
+| v0.25.0 | yield      |
 
 Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/<wip-branch>`.
 
 ### Add a new public method
 
-The API tries to be as fluent as possible. Image processing concepts follow the naming conventions from _libvips_ and, to a lesser extent, _ImageMagick_.
+The API tries to be as fluent as possible.
+Image processing concepts follow the naming conventions from libvips and, to a lesser extent, ImageMagick.
 
-Most methods have optional parameters and assume sensible defaults. Methods with mandatory parameters often have names like `doSomethingWith(X)`.
-
-Please ensure backwards compatibility where possible. Methods to modify previously default behaviour often have names like `withoutOptionY()` or `withExtraZ()`.
+Most methods have optional parameters and assume sensible defaults.
+Please ensure backwards compatibility where possible.
 
 Feel free to create a [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new) to gather feedback on a potential API change.
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ Feel free to create a [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new) to
 
 A method to be removed should be deprecated in the next major version then removed in the following major version.
 
-By way of example, the [bilinearInterpolation method](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/v0.6.0/index.js#L155) present in v0.5.0 was deprecated in v0.6.0 and removed in v0.7.0.
+By way of example, the `background()` method present in v0.20.0 was deprecated in v0.21.0 and removed in v0.22.0.
 
 ## Documentation
 
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ The public API is documented with [JSDoc](http://usejsdoc.org/) annotated commen
 
 These can be converted to Markdown by running:
 ```sh
-npm run docs
+npm run docs-build
 ```
 
 Please include documentation updates in any Pull Request that modifies the public API.
@@ -95,5 +98,5 @@ Please feel free to ask any questions via a
 [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new).
 
 If you're unable to post details publicly, please
-[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L4)
+[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5)
 for private, paid consulting.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+open_collective: libvips

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea
+title: ''
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+What are you trying to achieve?
+
+Have you searched for similar feature requests?
+
+What would you expect the API to look like?
+
+What alternatives have you considered?
+
+Is there a sample image that helps explain?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Installation
+about: Something went wrong **installing** sharp
+title: ''
+labels: installation
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/en/stable/install/)?
+
+Have you ensured the platform and version of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the platform and version of Node.js used at runtime?
+
+If you are installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+
+If you are using the `ignore-scripts` feature of `npm`, have you tried with the `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag?
+
+What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`? Have you checked this output for useful error messages?
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Possible bug
+about: Something unexpected occurred **using** sharp
+title: ''
+labels: triage
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
+
+What are the steps to reproduce?
+
+What is the expected behaviour?
+
+Are you able to provide a standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
+
+Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the problem?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+name: Question
+about: For help understanding an existing feature
+title: ''
+labels: question
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
+What are you trying to achieve?
+
+Have you searched for similar questions?
+
+Are you able to provide a standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
+
+Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the question?

.gitignore

@@ -12,4 +12,7 @@ vendor
 .gitattributes
 .DS_Store
 .nyc_output
+.vscode/
 package-lock.json
+.idea
+.firebase

.npmignore

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-build
-node_modules
-coverage
-.editorconfig
-.gitattributes
-.gitignore
-test
-.travis.yml
-appveyor.yml
-mkdocs.yml
-docs/css/
-vendor
-.prebuildrc
-.nyc_output
-CONTRIBUTING.md

.travis.yml

@@ -1,79 +1,75 @@
 matrix:
   include:
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 6"
+    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 10"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "6"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 8"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "8"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 10"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
+      dist: xenial
       language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
+    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 12"
+      os: linux
+      dist: xenial
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "12"
+    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 13"
+      os: linux
+      dist: xenial
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "13"
       after_success:
         - npm install coveralls
         - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 11"
+    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 10"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "11"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 8"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
+      dist: bionic
       language: minimal
       before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:8-alpine
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10.17.0-alpine3.9 # https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/issues/1158
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 10"
+    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 12"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
+      dist: bionic
       language: minimal
       before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10-alpine
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:12.0-alpine
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 11"
+    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 13"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
+      dist: bionic
       language: minimal
       before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:11-alpine
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:13.0-alpine
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 6"
+    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (glibc 2.29+) - Node.js 10"
+      arch: arm64
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: minimal
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apt-get update
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 nodejs npm
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 10"
       os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "6"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 8"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "8"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 10"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
       language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 11"
+    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 12"
       os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
       language: node_js
-      node_js: "11"
+      node_js: "12"
+    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 13"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "13"
+cache:
+  npm: false

README.md

@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lovell/sharp/master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg?sanitize=true" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 ```sh
 npm install sharp
 ```
 
-```sh
-yarn add sharp
-```
-
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
 smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
 
 Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
 Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
@@ -23,8 +20,8 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 6, 8, 10 and 11
+Most modern 64-bit macOS, Windows and Linux systems running
+Node versions 10, 12 and 13
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ## Examples
@@ -33,22 +30,42 @@ do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 const sharp = require('sharp');
 ```
 
+### Callback
+
 ```javascript
 sharp(inputBuffer)
   .resize(320, 240)
-  .toFile('output.webp', (err, info) => ... );
-  // A Promises/A+ promise is returned when callback is not provided.
+  .toFile('output.webp', (err, info) => { ... });
 ```
 
+### Promise
+
 ```javascript
 sharp('input.jpg')
   .rotate()
   .resize(200)
   .toBuffer()
-  .then( data => ... )
-  .catch( err => ... );
+  .then( data => { ... })
+  .catch( err => { ... });
 ```
 
+### Async/await
+
+```javascript
+const semiTransparentRedPng = await sharp({
+  create: {
+    width: 48,
+    height: 48,
+    channels: 4,
+    background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0.5 }
+  }
+})
+  .png()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+### Stream
+
 ```javascript
 const roundedCorners = Buffer.from(
   '<svg><rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="200" rx="50" ry="50"/></svg>'
@@ -57,7 +74,10 @@ const roundedCorners = Buffer.from(
 const roundedCornerResizer =
   sharp()
     .resize(200, 200)
-    .overlayWith(roundedCorners, { cutout: true })
+    .composite([{
+      input: roundedCorners,
+      blend: 'dest-in'
+    }])
     .png();
 
 readableStream
@@ -77,12 +97,12 @@ Visit [sharp.pixelplumbing.com](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) for complete
 
 ### Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-os: Visual Studio 2015
+os: Visual Studio 2017
 version: "{build}"
 build: off
 platform: x64
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "6"
-  - nodejs_version: "8"
   - nodejs_version: "10"
-  - nodejs_version: "11"
+  - nodejs_version: "12"
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
 install:
-  - ps: Install-Product node $env:nodejs_version x64
-  - npm install -g npm@5
+  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version) x64
+  - npm install -g npm@6
   - npm install
 test_script:
   - npm test

binding.gyp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
         ],
         'sources': [
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp',
+          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp'
         ],
@@ -97,7 +98,8 @@
         'conditions': [
           ['OS == "win"', {
             'defines': [
-              '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS'
+              '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS',
+              '_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64'
             ],
             'libraries': [
               '../vendor/lib/libvips.lib',
@@ -126,7 +128,6 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.so',
               # Dependencies of dependencies, included for openSUSE support
               '../vendor/lib/libcairo.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libcroco-0.6.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libexif.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libexpat.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libffi.so',
@@ -140,7 +141,6 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libgsf-1.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libgthread-2.0.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libharfbuzz.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libharfbuzz-subset.so.0',
               '../vendor/lib/libjpeg.so',
               '../vendor/lib/liblcms2.so',
               '../vendor/lib/liborc-0.4.so',
@@ -183,23 +183,22 @@
     },
     'configurations': {
       'Release': {
-        'cflags_cc': [
-          '-Wno-cast-function-type',
-          '-Wno-deprecated-declarations'
-        ],
-        'xcode_settings': {
-          'OTHER_CPLUSPLUSFLAGS': [
-            '-Wno-deprecated-declarations'
-          ]
-        },
-        'msvs_settings': {
-          'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-            'ExceptionHandling': 1
-          }
-        },
-        'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
-          4275,
-          4996
+        'conditions': [
+          ['OS == "linux"', {
+            'cflags_cc': [
+              '-Wno-cast-function-type'
+            ]
+          }],
+          ['OS == "win"', {
+            'msvs_settings': {
+              'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+                'ExceptionHandling': 1
+              }
+            },
+            'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
+              4275
+            ]
+          }]
         ]
       }
     },

docs/README.md

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lovell/sharp/master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg?sanitize=true" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
 smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
 
 Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
 Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
@@ -15,8 +16,8 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 6, 8 and 10
+Most modern 64-bit macOS, Windows and Linux systems running
+Node versions 10, 12 and 13
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 [![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
@@ -33,15 +34,14 @@ A single input Stream can be split into multiple processing pipelines and output
 
 Deep Zoom image pyramids can be generated,
 suitable for use with "slippy map" tile viewers like
-[OpenSeadragon](https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon)
-and [Leaflet](https://github.com/turban/Leaflet.Zoomify).
+[OpenSeadragon](https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon).
 
 ### Fast
 
 This module is powered by the blazingly fast
 [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips) image processing library,
 originally created in 1989 at Birkbeck College
-and currently maintained by
+and currently maintained by a small team led by
 [John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt).
 
 Only small regions of uncompressed image data
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
 
 ### Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
 ### Credits
@@ -124,12 +124,19 @@ the help and code contributions of the following people:
 * [Julian Aubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
 * [Keith Belovay](https://github.com/fromkeith)
 * [Michael B. Klein](https://github.com/mbklein)
+* [Jakub Michálek](https://github.com/Goues)
+* [Ilya Ovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
+* [Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
+* [Nicolas Stepien](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
+* [Paul Neave](https://github.com/neave)
+* [Brendan Kennedy](https://github.com/rustyguts)
+* [Brychan Bennett-Odlum](https://github.com/BrychanOdlum)
 
 Thank you!
 
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

docs/api-channel.md

@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ sharp('rgb.jpg')
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.21.2
+
 ## extractChannel
 
 Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -1,33 +1,42 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-## overlayWith
+## composite
 
-Overlay (composite) an image over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
+Composite image(s) over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
 
-The overlay image must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
+The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
 If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
 
-If the overlay image contains an alpha channel then composition with premultiplication will occur.
+The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
+`dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
+`xor`, `add`, `saturate`, `multiply`, `screen`, `overlay`, `darken`, `lighten`,
+`colour-dodge`, `color-dodge`, `colour-burn`,`color-burn`,
+`hard-light`, `soft-light`, `difference`, `exclusion`.
+
+More information about blend modes can be found at
+[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode][1]
+and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `overlay` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
--   `options` **[Object][3]?** 
-    -   `options.gravity` **[String][2]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    -   `options.top` **[Number][4]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
-    -   `options.left` **[Number][4]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][5]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.cutout` **[Boolean][5]** set to true to apply only the alpha channel of the overlay image to the input image, giving the appearance of one image being cut out of another. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.density` **[Number][4]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][4]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][4]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][4]?** 
-    -   `options.create` **[Object][3]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
-        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][4]?** 
-        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][4]?** 
-        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][4]?** 3-4
-        -   `options.create.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][3])?** parsed by the [color][6] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+-   `images` **[Array][3]&lt;[Object][4]>** Ordered list of images to composite
+    -   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] \| [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
+        -   `images[].input.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
+            -   `images[].input.create.width` **[Number][7]?** 
+            -   `images[].input.create.height` **[Number][7]?** 
+            -   `images[].input.create.channels` **[Number][7]?** 3-4
+            -   `images[].input.create.background` **([String][6] \| [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][8] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+    -   `images[].blend` **[String][6]** how to blend this image with the image below. (optional, default `'over'`)
+    -   `images[].gravity` **[String][6]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+    -   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
+    -   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
+    -   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
+    -   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
+        -   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 
+        -   `images[].raw.height` **[Number][7]?** 
+        -   `images[].raw.channels` **[Number][7]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -36,7 +45,7 @@ sharp('input.png')
   .rotate(180)
   .resize(300)
   .flatten( { background: '#ff6600' } )
-  .overlayWith('overlay.png', { gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast } )
+  .composite([{ input: 'overlay.png', gravity: 'southeast' }])
   .sharpen()
   .withMetadata()
   .webp( { quality: 90 } )
@@ -48,20 +57,30 @@ sharp('input.png')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][7]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+**Meta**
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+-   **since**: 0.22.0
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[2]: https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[6]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[5]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[8]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+
+[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -6,14 +6,19 @@
 
 -   `input` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])?** if present, can be
      a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
-     a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+     a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
      JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
 -   `options` **[Object][3]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default apply a "best effort"
-         to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. Set this flag to true
-         if you'd rather halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+         Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.limitInputPixels` **([Number][5] \| [Boolean][4])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+         (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
+         An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
+    -   `options.sequentialRead` **[Boolean][4]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+         This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
     -   `options.density` **[Number][5]** number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.page` **[Number][5]** page number to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF) (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.pages` **[Number][5]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
+    -   `options.page` **[Number][5]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
     -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
         -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][5]?** 
         -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][5]?** 
@@ -67,43 +72,25 @@ sharp({
 
 Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
 
-### format
+## clone
 
-An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
-
-#### Examples
-
-```javascript
-console.log(sharp.format);
-```
-
-Returns **[Object][3]** 
-
-### versions
-
-An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
-
-#### Examples
-
-```javascript
-console.log(sharp.versions);
-```
-
-## queue
-
-An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
-
--   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
--   complete
+Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
+Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
+This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
-  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
-});
+const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
+pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
+pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
+readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+// firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
+// secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
 ```
 
+Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
+
 [1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
 
 [2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String

docs/api-input.md

@@ -1,28 +1,9 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-## clone
-
-Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
-Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
-This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
-pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
-pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
-readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
-// firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
-// secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
-```
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
 ## metadata
 
 Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
-A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 -   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
 -   `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
@@ -34,8 +15,11 @@ A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
 -   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
 -   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
--   `pages`: Number of pages this TIFF, GIF or PDF image contains.
--   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+-   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+-   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+-   `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+-   `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
+-   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
 -   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
 -   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
 -   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -43,6 +27,7 @@ A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
 -   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
 -   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+-   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 
 ### Parameters
 
@@ -70,7 +55,7 @@ Returns **([Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]> | Sharp)**
 ## stats
 
 Access to pixel-derived image statistics for every channel in the image.
-A Promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 -   `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
     -   `min` (minimum value in the channel)
@@ -103,34 +88,6 @@ image
 
 Returns **[Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]>** 
 
-## limitInputPixels
-
-Do not process input images where the number of pixels (width _ height) exceeds this limit.
-Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
-The default limit is 268402689 (0x3FFF _ 0x3FFF) pixels.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `limit` **([Number][7] \| [Boolean][8])** an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
-
-
--   Throws **[Error][9]** Invalid limit
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## sequentialRead
-
-An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to `VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL`.
-This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
-
-The default behaviour _before_ function call is `false`, meaning the libvips access method is not sequential.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `sequentialRead` **[Boolean][8]**  (optional, default `true`)
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
 [1]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636
 
 [2]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672
@@ -142,9 +99,3 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 [5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
 [6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -287,6 +287,49 @@ sharp(input)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.21.1
+
+## modulate
+
+Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+    -   `options.brightness` **[Number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
+    -   `options.saturation` **[Number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
+    -   `options.hue` **[Number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .modulate({
+    brightness: 2 // increase lightness by a factor of 2
+  });
+
+sharp(input)
+  .modulate({
+    hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
+  });
+
+// decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
+sharp(input)
+  .modulate({
+    brightness: 0.5,
+    saturation: 0.5,
+    hue: 90
+  });
+```
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.22.1
+
 [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
 [2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object

docs/api-output.md

@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the exten
 with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
+
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `fileOut` **[String][1]** the path to write the image data to.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
+-   `fileOut` **[String][2]** the path to write the image data to.
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
     `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
     `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
     When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
@@ -32,15 +35,19 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Object][5]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
 
 Write output to a Buffer.
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
-By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
 
 `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
 
@@ -54,9 +61,9 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][6]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Buffer][7]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
 
@@ -89,8 +96,8 @@ This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `withMetadata` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `withMetadata.orientation` **[Number][8]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.orientation` **[Number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -101,7 +108,29 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+## toFormat
+
+Force output to a given format.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `format` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+-   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Convert any input to PNG output
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .toFormat('png')
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -111,19 +140,19 @@ Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][1]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][6]** apply trellis quantisation, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][6]** apply overshoot deringing, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][6]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][6]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][8]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][2]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
+    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -137,7 +166,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -150,16 +179,16 @@ Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][8]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
-    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][6]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][6]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.colours` **[Number][8]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.colors` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.dither` **[Number][8]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][9]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
+    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.colours` **[Number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.colors` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.dither` **[Number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -170,7 +199,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -180,12 +209,14 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][8]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][6]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][6]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.smartSubsample` **[Boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.reductionEffort` **[Number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -196,7 +227,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -206,18 +237,18 @@ Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][6]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][6]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][6]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][6]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][6]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][6]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.xres` **[Number][8]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.yres` **[Number][8]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][6]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
+    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][7]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
+    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][7]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][7]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.xres` **[Number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.yres` **[Number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][7]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -232,10 +263,37 @@ sharp('input.svg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+## heif
+
+Use these HEIF options for output image.
+
+Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
+Do not use this in production systems.
+
+Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
+
+Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1 (optional, default `'hevc'`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+
+
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.23.0
+
 ## raw
 
 Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
@@ -251,28 +309,6 @@ const { data, info } = await sharp('input.jpg')
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-## toFormat
-
-Force output to a given format.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `format` **([String][1] \| [Object][5])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
--   `options` **[Object][5]** output options
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-// Convert any input to PNG output
-const data = await sharp(input)
-  .toFormat('png')
-  .toBuffer();
-```
-
--   Throws **[Error][3]** unsupported format or options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
 ## tile
 
 Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
@@ -283,13 +319,15 @@ Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `tile` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `tile.size` **[Number][8]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `tile.overlap` **[Number][8]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.angle` **[Number][8]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `tile.depth` **[String][1]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
-    -   `tile.container` **[String][1]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    -   `tile.layout` **[String][1]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.size` **[Number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.overlap` **[Number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.angle` **[Number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
+    -   `options.depth` **[String][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+    -   `options.skipBlanks` **[Number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
+    -   `options.container` **[String][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    -   `options.layout` **[String][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -305,22 +343,26 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[1]: #withmetadata
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[7]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -114,6 +114,15 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
+```javascript
+const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
+  .metadata()
+  .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
+    .resize(Math.round(width * 0.5))
+    .toBuffer()
+  );
+```
+
 -   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
@@ -143,7 +152,7 @@ sharp(input)
     top: 10,
     bottom: 20,
     left: 10,
-    right: 10
+    right: 10,
     background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
   })
   ...
@@ -163,11 +172,11 @@ Extract a region of the image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][9]** 
+-   `options` **[Object][9]** describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
     -   `options.left` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
     -   `options.top` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
-    -   `options.width` **[Number][8]** dimension of extracted image
-    -   `options.height` **[Number][8]** dimension of extracted image
+    -   `options.width` **[Number][8]** width of region to extract
+    -   `options.height` **[Number][8]** height of region to extract
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -196,6 +205,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 ## trim
 
 Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+
 The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
 ### Parameters

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
+## format
+
+An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+console.log(sharp.format);
+```
+
+Returns **[Object][1]** 
+
+## versions
+
+An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+console.log(sharp.versions);
+```
+
 ## cache
 
 Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
@@ -54,6 +76,21 @@ sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
 
 Returns **[Number][3]** concurrency
 
+## queue
+
+An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
+
+-   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
+-   complete
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
+  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+});
+```
+
 ## counters
 
 Provides access to internal task counters.

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,10 +1,174 @@
 # Changelog
 
-### v0.21 - "*teeth*"
+## v0.24 - "*wit*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.9.0.
+
+### v0.24.0 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2020
+
+* Drop support for Node.js 8.
+  [#1910](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1910)
+
+* Drop support for undefined input where options also provided.
+  [#1768](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1768)
+
+* Move `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` to input options, deprecating functions of the same name.
+
+* Expose `delay` and `loop` metadata for animated images.
+  [#1905](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1905)
+
+* Ensure correct colour output for 16-bit, 2-channel PNG input with ICC profile.
+  [#2013](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2013)
+
+* Prevent use of sequentialRead for rotate operations.
+  [#2016](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2016)
+
+* Correctly bind max width and height values when using withoutEnlargement.
+  [#2024](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2024)
+  [@BrychanOdlum](https://github.com/BrychanOdlum)
+
+* Add support for input with 16-bit RGB profile.
+  [#2037](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2037)
+
+## v0.23 - "*vision*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.8.1.
+
+### v0.23.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> December 2019
+
+* Handle zero-length Buffer objects when using Node.js v13.2.0+.
+
+* Expose raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP metadata.
+  [#1600](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1600)
+
+* Improve thread safety by using copy-on-write when updating metadata.
+  [#1986](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1986)
+
+### v0.23.3 - 17<sup>th</sup> November 2019
+
+* Ensure `trim` operation supports images contained in the alpha channel.
+  [#1597](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597)
+
+* Ensure tile `overlap` option works as expected.
+  [#1921](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1921)
+  [@rustyguts](https://github.com/rustyguts)
+
+* Allow compilation on FreeBSD and variants (broken since v0.23.0)
+  [#1952](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1952)
+  [@pouya-eghbali](https://github.com/pouya-eghbali)
+
+* Ensure `modulate` and other colour-based operations can co-exist.
+  [#1958](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1958)
+
+### v0.23.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> October 2019
+
+* Add `background` option to tile output operation.
+  [#1924](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1924)
+  [@neave](https://github.com/neave)
+
+* Add support for Node.js 13.
+  [#1932](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1932)
+  [@MayhemYDG](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
+
+### v0.23.1 - 26<sup>th</sup> September 2019
+
+* Ensure `sharp.format.vips` is present and correct (filesystem only).
+  [#1813](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1813)
+
+* Ensure invalid `width` and `height` provided as options to `resize` throw.
+  [#1817](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1817)
+
+* Allow use of 'heic' and 'heif' identifiers with `toFormat`.
+  [#1834](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1834)
+  [@jaubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
+
+* Add `premultiplied` option to `composite` operation.
+  [#1835](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1835)
+  [@Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
+
+* Allow instance reuse with differing `toBuffer` options.
+  [#1860](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1860)
+  [@RaboliotTheGrey](https://github.com/RaboliotTheGrey)
+
+* Ensure image is at least 3x3 pixels before attempting trim operation.
+
+### v0.23.0 - 29<sup>th</sup> July 2019
+
+* Remove `overlayWith` previously deprecated in v0.22.0.
+
+* Add experimental support for HEIF images. Requires libvips compiled with libheif.
+  [#1105](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1105)
+
+* Expose libwebp `smartSubsample` and `reductionEffort` options.
+  [#1545](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1545)
+
+* Add experimental support for Worker Threads.
+  [#1558](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1558)
+
+* Use libvips' built-in CMYK and sRGB profiles when required.
+  [#1619](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1619)
+
+* Drop support for Node.js versions 6 and 11.
+  [#1674](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1674)
+
+* Expose `skipBlanks` option for tile-based output.
+  [#1687](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1687)
+  [@RaboliotTheGrey](https://github.com/RaboliotTheGrey)
+
+* Allow use of `failOnError` option with Stream-based input.
+  [#1691](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1691)
+
+* Fix rotate/extract ordering for non-90 angles.
+  [#1755](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1755)
+  [@iovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
+
+## v0.22 - "*uptake*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.7.4.
+
+### v0.22.1 - 25<sup>th</sup> April 2019
+
+* Add `modulate` operation for brightness, saturation and hue.
+  [#1601](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1601)
+  [@Goues](https://github.com/Goues)
+
+* Improve help messaging should `require("sharp")` fail.
+  [#1638](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1638)
+  [@sidharthachatterjee](https://github.com/sidharthachatterjee)
+
+* Add support for Node 12.
+  [#1668](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1668)
+
+### v0.22.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> March 2019
+
+* Remove functions previously deprecated in v0.21.0:
+    `background`, `crop`, `embed`, `ignoreAspectRatio`, `max`, `min` and `withoutEnlargement`.
+
+* Add `composite` operation supporting multiple images and blend modes; deprecate `overlayWith`.
+  [#728](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/728)
+
+* Add support for `pages` input option for multi-page input.
+  [#1566](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1566)
+
+* Allow Stream-based input of raw pixel data.
+  [#1579](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1579)
+
+* Add support for `page` input option to GIF and PDF.
+  [#1595](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1595)
+  [@ramiel](https://github.com/ramiel)
+
+## v0.21 - "*teeth*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.7.0.
 
-#### v0.21.2 - 13<sup>th</sup> January 2019
+### v0.21.3 - 19<sup>th</sup> January 2019
+
+* Input image decoding now fails fast, set `failOnError` to change this behaviour.
+
+* Failed filesystem-based input now separates missing file and invalid format errors.
+  [#1542](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1542)
+
+### v0.21.2 - 13<sup>th</sup> January 2019
 
 * Ensure all metadata is removed from PNG output unless `withMetadata` used.
 
@@ -29,7 +193,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
 * Ensure forced output format applied correctly when output chaining.
   [#1528](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1528)
 
-#### v0.21.1 - 7<sup>th</sup> December 2018
+### v0.21.1 - 7<sup>th</sup> December 2018
 
 * Install: support `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config, like existing `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL`.
   [#1422](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1422)
@@ -58,7 +222,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
   [#1483](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1483)
   [@mbklein](https://github.com/mbklein)
 
-#### v0.21.0 - 4<sup>th</sup> October 2018
+### v0.21.0 - 4<sup>th</sup> October 2018
 
 * Deprecate the following resize-related functions:
     `crop`, `embed`, `ignoreAspectRatio`, `max`, `min` and `withoutEnlargement`.
@@ -95,11 +259,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
   [#1385](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1385)
   [@freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
 
-### v0.20 - "*prebuild*"
+## v0.20 - "*prebuild*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
-#### v0.20.8 - 5<sup>th</sup> September 2018
+### v0.20.8 - 5<sup>th</sup> September 2018
 
 * Avoid race conditions when creating directories during installation.
   [#1358](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1358)
@@ -109,12 +273,12 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1362](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1362)
   [@aeirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
 
-#### v0.20.7 - 21<sup>st</sup> August 2018
+### v0.20.7 - 21<sup>st</sup> August 2018
 
 * Use copy+unlink if rename operation fails during installation.
   [#1345](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1345)
 
-#### v0.20.6 - 20<sup>th</sup> August 2018
+### v0.20.6 - 20<sup>th</sup> August 2018
 
 * Add removeAlpha operation to remove alpha channel, if any.
   [#1248](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1248)
@@ -145,13 +309,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
 * Add experimental entropy field to stats response.
 
-#### v0.20.5 - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+### v0.20.5 - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2018
 
 * Expose libjpeg optimize_coding flag.
   [#1265](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1265)
   [@tomlokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
 
-#### v0.20.4 - 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+### v0.20.4 - 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018
 
 * Prevent possible rounding error when using shrink-on-load and 90/270 degree rotation.
   [#1241](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1241)
@@ -161,13 +325,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1257](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1257)
   [@jeremychone](https://github.com/jeremychone)
 
-#### v0.20.3 - 29<sup>th</sup> May 2018
+### v0.20.3 - 29<sup>th</sup> May 2018
 
 * Fix tint operation by ensuring LAB interpretation and allowing negative values.
   [#1235](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1235)
   [@wezside](https://github.com/wezside)
 
-#### v0.20.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> April 2018
+### v0.20.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> April 2018
 
 * Add tint operation to set image chroma.
   [#825](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/825)
@@ -185,7 +349,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1208](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1208)
   [@woolite64](https://github.com/woolite64)
 
-#### v0.20.1 - 17<sup>th</sup> March 2018
+### v0.20.1 - 17<sup>th</sup> March 2018
 
 * Improve installation experience when a globally-installed libvips below the minimum required version is found.
   [#1148](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1148)
@@ -198,16 +362,16 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1161](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1161)
   [@BiancoA](https://github.com/BiancoA)
 
-#### v0.20.0 - 5<sup>th</sup> March 2018
+### v0.20.0 - 5<sup>th</sup> March 2018
 
 * Add support for prebuilt sharp binaries on common platforms.
   [#186](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/186)
 
-### v0.19 - "*suit*"
+## v0.19 - "*suit*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
-#### v0.19.1 - 24<sup>th</sup> February 2018
+### v0.19.1 - 24<sup>th</sup> February 2018
 
 * Expose libvips' linear transform feature.
   [#1024](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1024)
@@ -221,7 +385,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1134](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1134)
   [@pieh](https://github.com/pieh)
 
-#### v0.19.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> January 2018
+### v0.19.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> January 2018
 
 * Expose offset coordinates of strategy-based crop.
   [#868](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/868)
@@ -265,17 +429,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
 * TIFF output: switch default predictor from 'none' to 'horizontal' to match libvips' behaviour.
 
-### v0.18 - "*ridge*"
+## v0.18 - "*ridge*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.5.5.
 
-#### v0.18.4 - 18<sup>th</sup> September 2017
+### v0.18.4 - 18<sup>th</sup> September 2017
 
 * Ensure input Buffer really is marked as Persistent, prevents mark-sweep GC.
   [#950](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/950)
   [@lfdoherty](https://github.com/lfdoherty)
 
-#### v0.18.3 - 13<sup>th</sup> September 2017
+### v0.18.3 - 13<sup>th</sup> September 2017
 
 * Skip shrink-on-load when trimming.
   [#888](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/888)
@@ -285,7 +449,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#945](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/945)
   [@pbomb](https://github.com/pbomb)
 
-#### v0.18.2 - 1<sup>st</sup> July 2017
+### v0.18.2 - 1<sup>st</sup> July 2017
 
 * Expose libvips' xres and yres properties for TIFF output.
   [#828](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/828)
@@ -302,13 +466,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#857](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/857)
   [@ekremkaraca](https://github.com/ekremkaraca)
 
-#### v0.18.1 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
+### v0.18.1 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
 
 * Remove regression from #781 that could cause incorrect shrink calculation.
   [#831](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/831)
   [@suprMax](https://github.com/suprMax)
 
-#### v0.18.0 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
+### v0.18.0 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
 
 * Remove the previously-deprecated output format "option" functions:
     quality, progressive, compressionLevel, withoutAdaptiveFiltering,
@@ -366,11 +530,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#814](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/814)
   [@jingsam](https://github.com/jingsam)
 
-### v0.17 - "*quill*"
+## v0.17 - "*quill*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.4.2.
 
-#### v0.17.3 - 1<sup>st</sup> April 2017
+### v0.17.3 - 1<sup>st</sup> April 2017
 
 * Allow toBuffer to optionally resolve a Promise with both info and data.
   [#143](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/143)
@@ -388,7 +552,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#738](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/738)
   [@kristojorg](https://github.com/kristojorg)
 
-#### v0.17.2 - 11<sup>th</sup> February 2017
+### v0.17.2 - 11<sup>th</sup> February 2017
 
 * Ensure Readable side of Stream can start flowing after Writable side has finished.
   [#671](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/671)
@@ -398,7 +562,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#685](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/685)
   [@rnanwani](https://github.com/rnanwani)
 
-#### v0.17.1 - 15<sup>th</sup> January 2017
+### v0.17.1 - 15<sup>th</sup> January 2017
 
 * Improve error messages for invalid parameters.
   [@spikeon](https://github.com/spikeon)
@@ -411,7 +575,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [@wangzhiwei1888](https://github.com/wangzhiwei1888)
   [#679](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/679)
 
-#### v0.17.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> December 2016
+### v0.17.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> December 2016
 
 * Drop support for versions of Node prior to v4.
 
@@ -448,17 +612,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#646](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/646)
   [@DaGaMs](https://github.com/DaGaMs)
 
-### v0.16 - "*pencil*"
+## v0.16 - "*pencil*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.3.3
 
-#### v0.16.2 - 22<sup>nd</sup> October 2016
+### v0.16.2 - 22<sup>nd</sup> October 2016
 
 * Restrict readelf usage to Linux only when detecting global libvips version.
   [#602](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/602)
   [@caoko](https://github.com/caoko)
 
-#### v0.16.1 - 13<sup>th</sup> October 2016
+### v0.16.1 - 13<sup>th</sup> October 2016
 
 * C++11 ABI version is now auto-detected, remove sharp-cxx11 installation flag.
 
@@ -477,7 +641,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.3
   [#566](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/566)
   [@Nateowami](https://github.com/Nateowami)
 
-#### v0.16.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> August 2016
+### v0.16.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> August 2016
 
 * Add pre-compiled libvips for OS X, ARMv7 and ARMv8.
   [#312](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/312)
@@ -517,11 +681,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.3
 * Remove deprecated interpolateWith method - use resize(w, h, { interpolator: ... })
   [#310](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/310)
 
-### v0.15 - "*outfit*"
+## v0.15 - "*outfit*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.3.1
 
-#### v0.15.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> July 2016
+### v0.15.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> July 2016
 
 * Concat Stream-based input in single operation for ~+3% perf and less GC.
   [#429](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/429)
@@ -587,7 +751,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.1
   [#501](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/501)
   [@mhirsch](https://github.com/mhirsch)
 
-#### v0.15.0 - 21<sup>st</sup> May 2016
+### v0.15.0 - 21<sup>st</sup> May 2016
 
 * Use libvips' new Lanczos 3 kernel as default for image reduction.
   Deprecate interpolateWith method, now provided as a resize option.
@@ -605,11 +769,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.1
   [#413](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/413)
   [@jardakotesovec](https://github.com/jardakotesovec)
 
-### v0.14 - "*needle*"
+## v0.14 - "*needle*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.3
 
-#### v0.14.1 - 16<sup>th</sup> April 2016
+### v0.14.1 - 16<sup>th</sup> April 2016
 
 * Allow removal of limitation on input pixel count via limitInputPixels. Use with care.
   [#250](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/250)
@@ -633,7 +797,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.3
   [#412](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/412)
   [@nouh](https://github.com/nouh)
 
-#### v0.14.0 - 2<sup>nd</sup> April 2016
+### v0.14.0 - 2<sup>nd</sup> April 2016
 
 * Add ability to extend (pad) the edges of an image.
   [#128](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/128)
@@ -670,17 +834,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.3
 * Remove deprecated style of calling extract API. Breaks calls using positional arguments.
   [#276](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/276)
 
-### v0.13 - "*mind*"
+## v0.13 - "*mind*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.2
 
-#### v0.13.1 - 27<sup>th</sup> February 2016
+### v0.13.1 - 27<sup>th</sup> February 2016
 
 * Fix embedding onto transparent backgrounds; regression introduced in v0.13.0.
   [#366](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/366)
   [@diegocsandrim](https://github.com/diegocsandrim)
 
-#### v0.13.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> February 2016
+### v0.13.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> February 2016
 
 * Improve vector image support by allowing control of density/DPI.
   Switch pre-built libs from Imagemagick to Graphicsmagick.
@@ -725,11 +889,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.2
 
 * Add support for gamma correction of images with an alpha channel.
 
-### v0.12 - "*look*"
+## v0.12 - "*look*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.0
 
-#### v0.12.2 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016
+### v0.12.2 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016
 
 * Upgrade libvips to v8.2.0 for improved vips_shrink.
 
@@ -747,7 +911,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#331](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/331)
   [@dtoubelis](https://github.com/dtoubelis)
 
-#### v0.12.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> December 2015
+### v0.12.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> December 2015
 
 * Allow use of SIMD vector instructions (via liborc) to be toggled on/off.
   [#172](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/172)
@@ -760,7 +924,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
 
 * Use the NPM-configured HTTPS proxy, if any, for binary downloads.
 
-#### v0.12.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> November 2015
+### v0.12.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> November 2015
 
 * Bundle pre-compiled libvips and its dependencies for 64-bit Linux and Windows.
   [#42](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/42)
@@ -796,9 +960,9 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#309](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/309)
   [@papandreou](https://github.com/papandreou)
 
-### v0.11 - "*knife*"
+## v0.11 - "*knife*"
 
-#### v0.11.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> November 2015
+### v0.11.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> November 2015
 
 * Add corners, e.g. `northeast`, to existing `gravity` option.
   [#291](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/291)
@@ -812,13 +976,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#287](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/287)
   [@vlapo](https://github.com/vlapo)
 
-#### v0.11.3 - 8<sup>th</sup> September 2015
+### v0.11.3 - 8<sup>th</sup> September 2015
 
 * Intrepret blurSigma, sharpenFlat, and sharpenJagged as double precision.
   [#263](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/263)
   [@chrisriley](https://github.com/chrisriley)
 
-#### v0.11.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> August 2015
+### v0.11.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> August 2015
 
 * Allow crop gravity to be provided as a String.
   [#255](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/255)
@@ -826,7 +990,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
 * Add support for io.js v3 and Node v4.
   [#246](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/246)
 
-#### v0.11.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> August 2015
+### v0.11.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> August 2015
 
 * Silence MSVC warning: "C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled".
   [#244](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/244)
@@ -836,7 +1000,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#249](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/249)
   [@compeak](https://github.com/compeak)
 
-#### v0.11.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> July 2015
+### v0.11.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> July 2015
 
 * Allow alpha transparency compositing via new `overlayWith` method.
   [#97](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/97)
@@ -864,9 +1028,9 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#238](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/238)
   [@richardadjogah](https://github.com/richardadjogah)
 
-### v0.10 - "*judgment*"
+## v0.10 - "*judgment*"
 
-#### v0.10.1 - 1<sup>st</sup> June 2015
+### v0.10.1 - 1<sup>st</sup> June 2015
 
 * Allow embed of image with alpha transparency onto non-transparent background.
   [#204](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/204)
@@ -876,7 +1040,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#228](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/228)
   [@doggan](https://github.com/doggan)
 
-#### v0.10.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> April 2015
+### v0.10.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> April 2015
 
 * Add support for Windows (x86).
   [#19](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/19)

docs/css/extra.css

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-/* Nest document subheadings in navigation */
-ul.subnav ul:not(.subnav) {
-  padding-left: 2em;
-  font-size: 80%;
-}

docs/firebase.json

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+{
+  "hosting": {
+    "site": "pixelplumbing-sharp",
+    "public": ".",
+    "ignore": [
+      ".*",
+      "*.json",
+      "*.md",
+      "image/**"
+    ],
+    "headers": [
+      {
+        "source": "**",
+        "headers": [
+          {
+            "key": "Cache-Control",
+            "value": "max-age=86400"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "redirects": [
+      {
+        "source": "**/install/**",
+        "destination": "/install",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-constructor/**",
+        "destination": "/api-constructor",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-input/**",
+        "destination": "/api-input",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-output/**",
+        "destination": "/api-output",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-resize/**",
+        "destination": "/api-resize",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-compsite/**",
+        "destination": "/api-compsite",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-operation/**",
+        "destination": "/api-operation",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-colour/**",
+        "destination": "/api-colour",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-channel/**",
+        "destination": "/api-channel",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-utility/**",
+        "destination": "/api-utility",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/performance/**",
+        "destination": "/performance",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/changelog/**",
+        "destination": "/changelog",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/en/**",
+        "destination": "/",
+        "type": 301
+      }
+    ],
+    "rewrites": [
+      {
+        "source": "**",
+        "destination": "/index.html"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

docs/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/32x32/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/152x152/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/144x144/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/120x120/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/114x114/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/72x72/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/57x57/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute@4/dist/docute.min.css">
+  <style>
+  @media (max-width: 576px) {
+    .shorten-strapline {
+      display: none;
+    }
+  }
+  img[alt='sharp logo'] {
+    margin: 0 0 16px 16px;
+  }
+  </style>
+  <title>sharp - High performance Node.js image processing</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+  <div id="docute"></div>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute@4/dist/docute.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute-google-analytics@1/dist/index.min.js"></script>
+  <script>
+    var docuteApiTitlePlugin = {
+      name: 'apiTitle',
+      extend(api) {
+        api.processMarkdown(function (md) {
+          var title = api.store.getters.sidebarLinks
+            .filter(function (sidebarLink) {
+              return sidebarLink.link === api.router.history.current.path
+            })
+            .map(function (sidebarLink) {
+              return sidebarLink.title;
+            })[0];
+          return title
+            ? md.replace(/<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->/, '# ' + title)
+            : md;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+    new Docute({
+      router: { mode: 'history' },
+      logo: '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center">'
+        + '<strong>sharp</strong> '
+        + '<img src="https://pixel.plumbing/px/16x16/sharp-logo.svg" style="padding:8px" alt="#"> '
+        + '<span style="opacity:0.8;white-space:pre" class="shorten-strapline">High performance </span> '
+        + '<span style="opacity:0.8">Node.js image processing</span> '
+        + '</div>',
+      darkThemeToggler: true,
+      detectSystemDarkTheme: true,
+      footer: '<a href="https://pixelplumbing.com/" target="_blank">pixelplumbing.com<a>',
+      plugins: [
+        docuteGoogleAnalytics('UA-13034748-12'),
+        docuteApiTitlePlugin
+      ],
+      sourcePath: 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@v0.24.0/docs',
+      nav: [
+        {
+          title: 'Funding',
+          link: 'https://opencollective.com/libvips'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'GitHub',
+          link: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp'
+        }
+      ],
+      sidebar: [
+        {
+          title: 'Home',
+          link: '/'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Installation',
+          link: '/install'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'API',
+          children: [
+            {
+              title: 'Constructor',
+              link: '/api-constructor'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Input metadata',
+              link: '/api-input'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Output options',
+              link: '/api-output'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Resizing images',
+              link: '/api-resize'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Compositing images',
+              link: '/api-composite'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Image operations',
+              link: '/api-operation'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Colour manipulation',
+              link: '/api-colour'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Channel manipulation',
+              link: '/api-channel'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Global properties',
+              link: '/api-utility'
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Performance',
+          link: '/performance'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Changelog',
+          link: '/changelog'
+        }
+      ]
+    });
+  </script>
+</body>
+
+</html>

docs/install.md

@@ -10,18 +10,69 @@ yarn add sharp
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node v4.5.0+
+* Node.js v10.13.0+
 
-### Building from source
+## Prebuilt binaries
 
-Pre-compiled binaries for sharp are provided for use with
-Node versions 6, 8, 10 and 11 on
-64-bit Windows, OS X and Linux platforms.
+Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use with
+Node.js versions 10, 12 and 13 on the most common platforms:
 
-Sharp will be built from source at install time when:
+* macOS x64 (>= 10.13)
+* Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24)
+* Windows x64 with 64-bit `node.exe`
 
-* a globally-installed libvips is detected,
-* pre-compiled binaries do not exist for the current platform and Node version, or
+A ~10MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
+is downloaded via HTTPS and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
+
+This provides support for the
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF (input) and SVG (input) image formats.
+
+The following platforms have prebuilt libvips but not sharp:
+
+* Linux ARMv6
+* Linux ARMv7
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.29)
+
+The following platforms require compilation of both libvips and sharp from source:
+
+* Linux x86
+* Linux x64 (glibc <= 2.16, includes RHEL/CentOS 6)
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc <= 2.28, musl)
+* Linux PowerPC
+* FreeBSD
+* OpenBSD
+
+The following platforms are completely unsupported:
+
+* Windows x86
+* Windows x64 with 32-bit `node.exe`
+
+## Common problems
+
+The platform and major version of Node.js used for `npm install`
+must be the same as the platform and major version of Node.js used at runtime.
+
+The `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag must be used when installing as `root` or a `sudo` user.
+
+Check the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp` for useful error messages.
+
+## Custom libvips
+
+To use a custom, globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
+make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
+and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
+
+For help compiling libvips from source, please see
+[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball).
+
+The use of a globally-installed libvips is unsupported on Windows.
+
+## Building from source
+
+This module will be compiled from source at `npm install` time when:
+
+* a globally-installed libvips is detected (set the `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable to skip this),
+* prebuilt binaries do not exist for the current platform and Node.js version, or
 * when the `npm install --build-from-source` flag is used.
 
 Building from source requires:
@@ -29,84 +80,32 @@ Building from source requires:
 * C++11 compatible compiler such as gcc 4.8+, clang 3.0+ or MSVC 2013+
 * [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies (includes Python 2.7)
 
-## libvips
+## Custom prebuilt binaries
 
-### Linux
+This is an advanced approach that most people will not require.
 
-[![Ubuntu 16.04 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
+To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a custom URL,
+set the `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config option
+or the `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL` environment variable.
 
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 8MB.
-
-Most Linux-based (glibc, musl) operating systems running on x64 and ARMv6+ CPUs should "just work", e.g.:
-
-* Debian 7+
-* Ubuntu 14.04+
-* Centos 7+
-* Alpine 3.8+ (Node 8 and 10)
-* Fedora
-* openSUSE 13.2+
-* Archlinux
-* Raspbian Jessie
-* Amazon Linux
-* Solus
-
-To use a globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
-make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
-and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
-
-If you are using non-standard paths (anything other than `/usr` or `/usr/local`),
-you might need to set `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` during `npm install`
-and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` at runtime.
-
-This allows the use of newer versions of libvips with older versions of sharp.
-
-For 32-bit Intel CPUs and older Linux-based operating systems such as Centos 6,
-compiling libvips from source is recommended.
-
-[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball)
-
-#### Alpine Linux
-
-libvips is available in the
-[testing repository](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=vips-dev):
+For example, both of the following will result in an attempt to download the file located at
+`https://hostname/path/libvips-x.y.z-platform.tar.gz`.
 
 ```sh
-apk add vips-dev fftw-dev build-base --update-cache \
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/testing/ \
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/main
+npm config set sharp_dist_base_url "https://hostname/path/"
+npm install sharp
 ```
 
-The smaller stack size of musl libc means
-libvips may need to be used without a cache
-via `sharp.cache(false)` to avoid a stack overflow.
+```sh
+SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL="https://hostname/path/" npm install sharp
+```
 
-### Mac OS
+To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL, please see
+[https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries](https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries)
 
-[![OS X 10.12 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
+## FreeBSD
 
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 7MB.
-
-To use your own version of libvips instead of the provided binaries, make sure it is
-at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file and
-that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
-
-### Windows x64
-
-[![Windows x64 Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/pgtul704nkhhg6sg)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lovell/sharp)
-
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules\sharp\vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 13MB.  If you are having issues during
-installation consider removing the directory ```C:\Users\[user]\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_libvips```.
-
-Only 64-bit (x64) `node.exe` is supported.
-
-### FreeBSD
-
-libvips must be installed before `npm install` is run.
-
-This can be achieved via package or ports:
+The `vips` package must be installed before `npm install` is run.
 
 ```sh
 pkg install -y pkgconf vips
@@ -116,169 +115,51 @@ pkg install -y pkgconf vips
 cd /usr/ports/graphics/vips/ && make install clean
 ```
 
-FreeBSD's gcc v4 and v5 need `CXXFLAGS=-D_GLIBCXX_USE_C99` set for C++11 support due to
-https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=193528
+## Heroku
 
-### Heroku
+Add the
+[jemalloc buildpack](https://github.com/gaffneyc/heroku-buildpack-jemalloc)
+to reduce the effects of memory fragmentation.
 
-Set [NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
+Set
+[NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
 to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
 
-### Docker
+## AWS Lambda
 
-[Marc Bachmann](https://github.com/marcbachmann) maintains an
-[Ubuntu-based Dockerfile for libvips](https://github.com/marcbachmann/dockerfile-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull marcbachmann/libvips
-```
-
-[Will Jordan](https://github.com/wjordan) maintains an
-[Alpine-based Dockerfile for libvips](https://github.com/wjordan/dockerfile-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull wjordan/libvips
-```
-
-[Tailor Brands](https://github.com/TailorBrands) maintain
-[Debian-based Dockerfiles for libvips and nodejs](https://github.com/TailorBrands/docker-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull tailor/docker-libvips
-```
-
-### AWS Lambda
-
-Set the Lambda runtime to Node.js 8.10.
+Set the Lambda runtime to `nodejs10.x`.
 
 The binaries in the `node_modules` directory of the
 [deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-create-deployment-pkg.html)
-must be for the Linux x64 platform/architecture.
+must be for the Linux x64 platform.
 
-On non-Linux machines such as OS X and Windows run the following:
+On machines other than Linux x64, such as macOS and Windows, run the following:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=8.10.0 sharp
+npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=10.15.0 sharp
 ```
 
 Alternatively a Docker container closely matching the Lambda runtime can be used:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs8.10 npm install sharp
+docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs10.x npm install sharp
 ```
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
 A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
 
-### NW.js
+## Electron
 
-Run the `nw-gyp` tool after installation.
+Electron provides versions of the V8 JavaScript engine
+that are incompatible with Node.js.
+To ensure the correct binaries are used, run the following:
 
 ```sh
-cd node-modules/sharp
-nw-gyp rebuild --arch=x64 --target=[your nw version]
-node node_modules/sharp/install/dll-copy
+npm install
+npx electron-rebuild
 ```
 
-[http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/](http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/)
-
-### Build tools
-
-* [gulp-responsive](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gulp-responsive)
-* [grunt-sharp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/grunt-sharp)
-
-### Coding tools
-
-* [Sharp TypeScript Types](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@types/sharp)
-
-### CLI tools
-
-* [sharp-cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sharp-cli)
-
-### Security
-
-Many users of this module process untrusted, user-supplied images,
-but there are aspects of security to consider when doing so.
-
-It is possible to compile libvips with support for various third-party image loaders.
-Each of these libraries has undergone differing levels of security testing.
-
-Whilst tools such as [American Fuzzy Lop](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/)
-and [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org/) have been used to test
-the most popular web-based formats, as well as libvips itself,
-you are advised to perform your own testing and sandboxing.
-
-### Pre-compiled libvips binaries
-
-This module will attempt to download a pre-compiled bundle of libvips
-and its dependencies on Linux and Windows machines under either of these
-conditions:
-
-1. If a global installation of libvips that meets the
-minimum version requirement cannot be found;
-1. If `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable is set.
-
-```sh
-SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install sharp
-```
-
-Should you need to manually download and inspect these files,
-you can do so via
-[https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases](https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases)
-
-Should you wish to install these from your own location,
-set the `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config option, e.g.
-
-```sh
-npm config set sharp_dist_base_url "https://hostname/path/"
-npm install sharp
-```
-
-or set the `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL` environment variable, e.g.
-
-```sh
-SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL="https://hostname/path/" npm install sharp
-```
-
-to use `https://hostname/path/libvips-x.y.z-platform.tar.gz`.
-
-### Licences
-
-This module is licensed under the terms of the
-[Apache 2.0 Licence](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/LICENSE).
-
-The libraries downloaded and used by this module
-are done so under the terms of the following licences,
-all of which are compatible with the Apache 2.0 Licence.
-
-Use of libraries under the terms of the LGPLv3 is via the
-"any later version" clause of the LGPLv2 or LGPLv2.1.
-
-| Library       | Used under the terms of                                                                                  |
-|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| cairo         | Mozilla Public License 2.0                                                                               |
-| expat         | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| fontconfig    | [fontconfig Licence](https://cgit.freedesktop.org/fontconfig/tree/COPYING) (BSD-like)                    |
-| freetype      | [freetype Licence](http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/freetype/freetype2.git/tree/docs/FTL.TXT) (BSD-like) |
-| fribidi       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| gettext       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| giflib        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| glib          | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| harfbuzz      | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| lcms          | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| libcroco      | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libexif       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libffi        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| libgsf        | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libjpeg-turbo | [zlib License, IJG License](https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo/blob/master/LICENSE.md)       |
-| libpng        | [libpng License](http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/src/libpng-LICENSE.txt)                                   |
-| librsvg       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libtiff       | [libtiff License](http://www.libtiff.org/misc.html) (BSD-like)                                           |
-| libvips       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libwebp       | New BSD License                                                                                          |
-| libxml2       | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| pango         | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| pixman        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| zlib          | [zlib Licence](https://github.com/madler/zlib/blob/master/zlib.h)                                        |
+Further help can be found at
+[https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules](https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules)

docs/performance.md

@@ -1,45 +1,46 @@
 # Performance
 
-### Test environment
+A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
 
-* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
-* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
-* Node.js v10.11.0
+## The contenders
 
-### The contenders
-
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.5.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.0.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
-* [imagemagick-native](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick-native) v1.9.3 - Wrapper around libmagick++, supports Buffers only.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.9.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.3.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* sharp v0.21.0 / libvips v8.7.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* sharp v0.24.0 / libvips v8.9.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
-### The task
+## The task
 
 Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
 resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
 then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 
-### Results
+## Test environment
+
+* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
+* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
+* Node.js v12.14.1
+
+## Results
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.71 |      1.0 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.32 |      4.7 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.97 |      5.6 |
-| imagemagick-native | buffer | buffer |    4.06 |      5.7 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.24 |      6.0 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   25.30 |     35.6 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   26.17 |     36.9 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   26.45 |     37.3 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.72 |      1.0 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.02 |      4.2 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.90 |      5.4 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    3.94 |      5.5 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.30 |      6.0 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   23.65 |     32.8 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   24.66 |     34.3 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   25.14 |     34.9 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
 
 The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.
 
-### Benchmark test prerequisites
+## Running the benchmark test
 
 Requires _ImageMagick_, _GraphicsMagick_ and _Mapnik_:
 
@@ -57,8 +58,6 @@ sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
 sudo yum install ImageMagick-devel ImageMagick-c++-devel GraphicsMagick mapnik-devel
 ```
 
-### Running the benchmark test
-
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
 cd sharp

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 
-const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ if (process.platform === 'win32') {
         return /\.dll$/.test(filename);
       })
       .forEach(function (filename) {
-        copyFileSync(
+        fs.copyFileSync(
           path.join(vendorLibDir, filename),
           path.join(buildReleaseDir, filename)
         );

install/libvips.js

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 const semver = require('semver');
 const simpleGet = require('simple-get');
 const tar = require('tar');
-const copyFileSync = require('fs-copy-file-sync');
 
 const agent = require('../lib/agent');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
@@ -20,7 +19,11 @@ const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SH
 
 const fail = function (err) {
   npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
-  npmLog.error('sharp', 'Please see http://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install');
+  if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
+    npmLog.info('sharp', 'Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
+  }
+  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Attempting to build from source via node-gyp but this may fail due to the above error');
+  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies');
   process.exit(1);
 };
 
@@ -33,7 +36,12 @@ const extractTarball = function (tarPath) {
       cwd: vendorPath,
       strict: true
     })
-    .catch(fail);
+    .catch(function (err) {
+      if (/unexpected end of file/.test(err.message)) {
+        npmLog.error('sharp', `Please delete ${tarPath} as it is not a valid tarball`);
+      }
+      fail(err);
+    });
 };
 
 try {
@@ -58,8 +66,11 @@ try {
     if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'openbsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'sunos-x64') {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, '2.13.0')) {
-      throw new Error(`Use with glibc version ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version) {
+      const minimumGlibcVersion = arch === 'arm64' ? '2.29.0' : '2.17.0';
+      if (semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, minimumGlibcVersion)) {
+        throw new Error(`Use with glibc ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+      }
     }
     // Download to per-process temporary file
     const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.gz';
@@ -74,14 +85,16 @@ try {
       npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
       simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
         if (err) {
-          throw err;
+          fail(err);
+        } else if (response.statusCode === 404) {
+          fail(new Error(`Prebuilt libvips ${minimumLibvipsVersion} binaries are not yet available for ${platformAndArch}`));
+        } else if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
+          fail(new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode} ${response.statusMessage}`));
+        } else {
+          response
+            .on('error', fail)
+            .pipe(tmpFile);
         }
-        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
-          throw new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode}`);
-        }
-        response
-          .on('error', fail)
-          .pipe(tmpFile);
       });
       tmpFile
         .on('error', fail)
@@ -91,7 +104,7 @@ try {
             fs.renameSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
           } catch (err) {
             // Fall back to copy and unlink
-            copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+            fs.copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
             fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
           }
           extractTarball(tarPathCache);

lib/agent.js

@@ -20,15 +20,18 @@ function env (key) {
 
 module.exports = function () {
   try {
-    const proxy = url.parse(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
+    const proxy = new url.URL(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
     const tunnel = proxy.protocol === 'https:'
       ? tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttps
       : tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttp;
+    const proxyAuth = proxy.username && proxy.password
+      ? `${proxy.username}:${proxy.password}`
+      : null;
     return tunnel({
       proxy: {
         port: Number(proxy.port),
         host: proxy.hostname,
-        proxyAuth: proxy.auth
+        proxyAuth
       }
     });
   } catch (err) {

lib/channel.js

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ function removeAlpha () {
 /**
  * Ensure alpha channel, if missing. The added alpha channel will be fully opaque. This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
  *
+ * @since 0.21.2
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('rgb.jpg')
  *   .ensureAlpha()
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ function extractChannel (channel) {
   if (is.integer(channel) && is.inRange(channel, 0, 4)) {
     this.options.extractChannel = channel;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Cannot extract invalid channel ' + channel);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue', channel);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ function bandbool (boolOp) {
   if (is.string(boolOp) && is.inArray(boolOp, ['and', 'or', 'eor'])) {
     this.options.bandBoolOp = boolOp;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid bandbool operation ' + boolOp);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('boolOp', 'one of: and, or, eor', boolOp);
   }
   return this;
 }

lib/colour.js

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
-
 const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 
@@ -17,24 +15,6 @@ const colourspace = {
   srgb: 'srgb'
 };
 
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function background (rgba) {
-  const colour = color(rgba);
-  const background = [
-    colour.red(),
-    colour.green(),
-    colour.blue(),
-    Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
-  ];
-  this.options.resizeBackground = background;
-  this.options.extendBackground = background;
-  this.options.flattenBackground = background.slice(0, 3);
-  return this;
-}
-
 /**
  * Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
  * An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
@@ -83,7 +63,7 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
  */
 function toColourspace (colourspace) {
   if (!is.string(colourspace)) {
-    throw new Error('Invalid output colourspace ' + colourspace);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('colourspace', 'string', colourspace);
   }
   this.options.colourspace = colourspace;
   return this;
@@ -103,18 +83,22 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
  * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
  * @param {String} key
- * @param {String|Object} val
- * @throws {Error} Invalid key
+ * @param {String|Object} value
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid value
  */
-function _setColourOption (key, val) {
-  if (is.object(val) || is.string(val)) {
-    const colour = color(val);
-    this.options[key] = [
-      colour.red(),
-      colour.green(),
-      colour.blue(),
-      Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
-    ];
+function _setBackgroundColourOption (key, value) {
+  if (is.defined(value)) {
+    if (is.object(value) || is.string(value)) {
+      const colour = color(value);
+      this.options[key] = [
+        colour.red(),
+        colour.green(),
+        colour.blue(),
+        Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
+      ];
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('background', 'object or string', value);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -131,11 +115,9 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toColourspace,
     toColorspace,
     // Private
-    _setColourOption
+    _setBackgroundColourOption
   });
   // Class attributes
   Sharp.colourspace = colourspace;
   Sharp.colorspace = colourspace;
-  // Deprecated
-  Sharp.prototype.background = deprecate(background, 'background(background) is deprecated, use resize({ background }), extend({ background }) or flatten({ background }) instead');
 };

lib/composite.js

@@ -3,19 +3,64 @@
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
- * Overlay (composite) an image over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
+ * Blend modes.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const blend = {
+  clear: 'clear',
+  source: 'source',
+  over: 'over',
+  in: 'in',
+  out: 'out',
+  atop: 'atop',
+  dest: 'dest',
+  'dest-over': 'dest-over',
+  'dest-in': 'dest-in',
+  'dest-out': 'dest-out',
+  'dest-atop': 'dest-atop',
+  xor: 'xor',
+  add: 'add',
+  saturate: 'saturate',
+  multiply: 'multiply',
+  screen: 'screen',
+  overlay: 'overlay',
+  darken: 'darken',
+  lighten: 'lighten',
+  'colour-dodge': 'colour-dodge',
+  'color-dodge': 'colour-dodge',
+  'colour-burn': 'colour-burn',
+  'color-burn': 'colour-burn',
+  'hard-light': 'hard-light',
+  'soft-light': 'soft-light',
+  difference: 'difference',
+  exclusion: 'exclusion'
+};
+
+/**
+ * Composite image(s) over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
  *
- * The overlay image must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
+ * The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
  * If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
  *
- * If the overlay image contains an alpha channel then composition with premultiplication will occur.
+ * The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
+ * `dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
+ * `xor`, `add`, `saturate`, `multiply`, `screen`, `overlay`, `darken`, `lighten`,
+ * `colour-dodge`, `color-dodge`, `colour-burn`,`color-burn`,
+ * `hard-light`, `soft-light`, `difference`, `exclusion`.
+ *
+ * More information about blend modes can be found at
+ * https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
+ * and https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
+ *
+ * @since 0.22.0
  *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.png')
  *   .rotate(180)
  *   .resize(300)
  *   .flatten( { background: '#ff6600' } )
- *   .overlayWith('overlay.png', { gravity: sharp.gravity.southeast } )
+ *   .composite([{ input: 'overlay.png', gravity: 'southeast' }])
  *   .sharpen()
  *   .withMetadata()
  *   .webp( { quality: 90 } )
@@ -26,63 +71,96 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *     // sharpened, with metadata, 90% quality WebP image data. Phew!
  *   });
  *
- * @param {(Buffer|String)} overlay - Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
- * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {String} [options.gravity='centre'] - gravity at which to place the overlay.
- * @param {Number} [options.top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
- * @param {Number} [options.left] - the pixel offset from the left edge.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tile=false] - set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.cutout=false] - set to true to apply only the alpha channel of the overlay image to the input image, giving the appearance of one image being cut out of another.
- * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
- * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.channels]
- * @param {Object} [options.create] - describes a blank overlay to be created.
- * @param {Number} [options.create.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.channels] - 3-4
- * @param {String|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {Object[]} images - Ordered list of images to composite
+ * @param {Buffer|String} [images[].input] - Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
+ * @param {Object} [images[].input.create] - describes a blank overlay to be created.
+ * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.width]
+ * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.height]
+ * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.channels] - 3-4
+ * @param {String|Object} [images[].input.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {String} [images[].blend='over'] - how to blend this image with the image below.
+ * @param {String} [images[].gravity='centre'] - gravity at which to place the overlay.
+ * @param {Number} [images[].top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
+ * @param {Number} [images[].left] - the pixel offset from the left edge.
+ * @param {Boolean} [images[].tile=false] - set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [images[].premultiplied=false] - set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option.
+ * @param {Number} [images[].density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
+ * @param {Object} [images[].raw] - describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
+ * @param {Number} [images[].raw.width]
+ * @param {Number} [images[].raw.height]
+ * @param {Number} [images[].raw.channels]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function overlayWith (overlay, options) {
-  this.options.overlay = this._createInputDescriptor(overlay, options, {
-    allowStream: false
-  });
-  if (is.object(options)) {
-    if (is.defined(options.tile)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.tile)) {
-        this.options.overlayTile = options.tile;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid overlay tile ' + options.tile);
-      }
-    }
-    if (is.defined(options.cutout)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.cutout)) {
-        this.options.overlayCutout = options.cutout;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid overlay cutout ' + options.cutout);
-      }
-    }
-    if (is.defined(options.left) || is.defined(options.top)) {
-      if (is.integer(options.left) && options.left >= 0 && is.integer(options.top) && options.top >= 0) {
-        this.options.overlayXOffset = options.left;
-        this.options.overlayYOffset = options.top;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid overlay left ' + options.left + ' and/or top ' + options.top);
-      }
-    }
-    if (is.defined(options.gravity)) {
-      if (is.integer(options.gravity) && is.inRange(options.gravity, 0, 8)) {
-        this.options.overlayGravity = options.gravity;
-      } else if (is.string(options.gravity) && is.integer(this.constructor.gravity[options.gravity])) {
-        this.options.overlayGravity = this.constructor.gravity[options.gravity];
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Unsupported overlay gravity ' + options.gravity);
-      }
-    }
+function composite (images) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(images)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('images to composite', 'array', images);
   }
+  this.options.composite = images.map(image => {
+    if (!is.object(image)) {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('image to composite', 'object', image);
+    }
+    const { raw, density } = image;
+    const inputOptions = (raw || density) ? { raw, density } : undefined;
+    const composite = {
+      input: this._createInputDescriptor(image.input, inputOptions, { allowStream: false }),
+      blend: 'over',
+      tile: false,
+      left: -1,
+      top: -1,
+      gravity: 0,
+      premultiplied: false
+    };
+    if (is.defined(image.blend)) {
+      if (is.string(blend[image.blend])) {
+        composite.blend = blend[image.blend];
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('blend', 'valid blend name', image.blend);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(image.tile)) {
+      if (is.bool(image.tile)) {
+        composite.tile = image.tile;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tile', 'boolean', image.tile);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(image.left)) {
+      if (is.integer(image.left) && image.left >= 0) {
+        composite.left = image.left;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('left', 'positive integer', image.left);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(image.top)) {
+      if (is.integer(image.top) && image.top >= 0) {
+        composite.top = image.top;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('top', 'positive integer', image.top);
+      }
+    }
+    if (composite.left !== composite.top && Math.min(composite.left, composite.top) === -1) {
+      throw new Error('Expected both left and top to be set');
+    }
+    if (is.defined(image.gravity)) {
+      if (is.integer(image.gravity) && is.inRange(image.gravity, 0, 8)) {
+        composite.gravity = image.gravity;
+      } else if (is.string(image.gravity) && is.integer(this.constructor.gravity[image.gravity])) {
+        composite.gravity = this.constructor.gravity[image.gravity];
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('gravity', 'valid gravity', image.gravity);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(image.premultiplied)) {
+      if (is.bool(image.premultiplied)) {
+        composite.premultiplied = image.premultiplied;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('premultiplied', 'boolean', image.premultiplied);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return composite;
+  });
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -91,5 +169,6 @@ function overlayWith (overlay, options) {
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
-  Sharp.prototype.overlayWith = overlayWith;
+  Sharp.prototype.composite = composite;
+  Sharp.blend = blend;
 };

lib/constructor.js

@@ -1,19 +1,42 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const path = require('path');
 const util = require('util');
 const stream = require('stream');
-const events = require('events');
 const is = require('./is');
 
 require('./libvips').hasVendoredLibvips();
-const sharp = require('bindings')('sharp.node');
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+try {
+  require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
+} catch (err) {
+  // Bail early if bindings aren't available
+  const help = ['', 'Something went wrong installing the "sharp" module', '', err.message, ''];
+  if (/NODE_MODULE_VERSION/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push('- Ensure the version of Node.js used at install time matches that used at runtime');
+  } else if (/invalid ELF header/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push(`- Ensure "${process.platform}" is used at install time as well as runtime`);
+  } else if (/Cannot find module/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push('- Run "npm rebuild --verbose sharp" and look for errors');
+  } else {
+    help.push(
+      '- Remove the "node_modules/sharp" directory then run',
+      '  "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose" and look for errors'
+    );
+  }
+  help.push(
+    '- Consult the installation documentation at https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install',
+    '- Search for this error at https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues', ''
+  );
+  const error = help.join('\n');
+  throw new Error(error);
+}
 
 // Use NODE_DEBUG=sharp to enable libvips warnings
 const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 
 /**
- * @class Sharp
+ * @constructs sharp
  *
  * Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
  *
@@ -58,14 +81,19 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *
  * @param {(Buffer|String)} [input] - if present, can be
  *  a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
- *  a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+ *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
  *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=false] - by default apply a "best effort"
- *  to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. Set this flag to true
- *  if you'd rather halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+ *  Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid.
+ * @param {Number|Boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+ *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
+ *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+ *  This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems.
  * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images.
- * @param {Number} [options.page=0] - page number to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF)
+ * @param {Number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
+ * @param {Number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
  * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
  * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
@@ -87,11 +115,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
   }
   stream.Duplex.call(this);
   this.options = {
-    // input options
-    sequentialRead: false,
-    limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
-    // ICC profiles
-    iccProfilePath: path.join(__dirname, 'icc') + path.sep,
     // resize options
     topOffsetPre: -1,
     leftOffsetPre: -1,
@@ -139,6 +162,9 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     gammaOut: 0,
     greyscale: false,
     normalise: 0,
+    brightness: 1,
+    saturation: 1,
+    hue: 0,
     booleanBufferIn: null,
     booleanFileIn: '',
     joinChannelIn: [],
@@ -146,12 +172,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     removeAlpha: false,
     ensureAlpha: false,
     colourspace: 'srgb',
-    // overlay
-    overlayGravity: 0,
-    overlayXOffset: -1,
-    overlayYOffset: -1,
-    overlayTile: false,
-    overlayCutout: false,
+    composite: [],
     // output
     fileOut: '',
     formatOut: 'input',
@@ -179,6 +200,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     webpAlphaQuality: 100,
     webpLossless: false,
     webpNearLossless: false,
+    webpSmartSubsample: false,
+    webpReductionEffort: 4,
     tiffQuality: 80,
     tiffCompression: 'jpeg',
     tiffPredictor: 'horizontal',
@@ -189,15 +212,20 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tiffTileWidth: 256,
     tiffXres: 1.0,
     tiffYres: 1.0,
+    heifQuality: 80,
+    heifLossless: false,
+    heifCompression: 'hevc',
     tileSize: 256,
     tileOverlap: 0,
+    tileSkipBlanks: -1,
+    tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     linearA: 1,
     linearB: 0,
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
     debuglog: debuglog,
     // Function to notify of queue length changes
     queueListener: function (queueLength) {
-      queue.emit('change', queueLength);
+      Sharp.queue.emit('change', queueLength);
     }
   };
   this.options.input = this._createInputDescriptor(input, options, { allowStream: true });
@@ -206,38 +234,36 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
 util.inherits(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
 
 /**
- * An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
- * - queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
- * - complete
- * @member
+ * Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
+ * Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
+ * This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
+ *
  * @example
- * sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
- *   console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
- * });
+ * const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
+ * pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
+ * pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
+ * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+ * // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
+ * // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
+ *
+ * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-const queue = new events.EventEmitter();
-Sharp.queue = queue;
-
-/**
- * An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
- * @example
- * console.log(sharp.format);
- * @returns {Object}
- */
-Sharp.format = sharp.format();
-
-/**
- * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
- * @member
- * @example
- * console.log(sharp.versions);
- */
-Sharp.versions = {
-  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
-};
-try {
-  Sharp.versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
-} catch (err) {}
+function clone () {
+  // Clone existing options
+  const clone = this.constructor.call();
+  clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
+  if (this._isStreamInput()) {
+    this.on('finish', () => {
+      // Clone inherits input data
+      this._flattenBufferIn();
+      clone.options.bufferIn = this.options.bufferIn;
+      clone.emit('finish');
+    });
+  }
+  return clone;
+}
+Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, { clone });
 
 /**
  * Export constructor.

lib/input.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const util = require('util');
 const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
@@ -9,7 +10,11 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  * @private
  */
 function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
-  const inputDescriptor = { failOnError: false };
+  const inputDescriptor = {
+    failOnError: true,
+    limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
+    sequentialRead: false
+  };
   if (is.string(input)) {
     // filesystem
     inputDescriptor.file = input;
@@ -19,11 +24,17 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   } else if (is.plainObject(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     // Plain Object descriptor, e.g. create
     inputOptions = input;
-  } else if (!is.defined(input) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
+    if (is.plainObject(inputOptions.raw) || is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
+      // Raw Stream
+      inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
+    }
+  } else if (!is.defined(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
     // Stream
     inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported input ' + typeof input);
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported input '${input}' of type ${typeof input}${
+      is.defined(inputOptions) ? ` when also providing options of type ${typeof inputOptions}` : ''
+    }`);
   }
   if (is.object(inputOptions)) {
     // Fail on error
@@ -31,7 +42,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       if (is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
         inputDescriptor.failOnError = inputOptions.failOnError;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid failOnError (boolean) ' + inputOptions.failOnError);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('failOnError', 'boolean', inputOptions.failOnError);
       }
     }
     // Density
@@ -39,7 +50,27 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 2400)) {
         inputDescriptor.density = inputOptions.density;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid density (1 to 2400) ' + inputOptions.density);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 2400', inputOptions.density);
+      }
+    }
+    // limitInputPixels
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
+        inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels
+          ? Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2)
+          : 0;
+      } else if (is.integer(inputOptions.limitInputPixels) && inputOptions.limitInputPixels >= 0) {
+        inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer >= 0', inputOptions.limitInputPixels);
+      }
+    }
+    // sequentialRead
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
+        inputDescriptor.sequentialRead = inputOptions.sequentialRead;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('sequentialRead', 'boolean', inputOptions.sequentialRead);
       }
     }
     // Raw pixel input
@@ -57,10 +88,19 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw new Error('Expected width, height and channels for raw pixel input');
       }
     }
-    // Page input for multi-page TIFF
+    // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.pages)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.pages) && is.inRange(inputOptions.pages, -1, 100000)) {
+        inputDescriptor.pages = inputOptions.pages;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('pages', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.pages);
+      }
+    }
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.page)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.page) && is.inRange(inputOptions.page, 0, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.page = inputOptions.page;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
       }
     }
     // Create new image
@@ -106,9 +146,8 @@ function _write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
     /* istanbul ignore else */
     if (is.buffer(chunk)) {
       if (this.options.input.buffer.length === 0) {
-        const that = this;
-        this.on('finish', function () {
-          that.streamInFinished = true;
+        this.on('finish', () => {
+          this.streamInFinished = true;
         });
       }
       this.options.input.buffer.push(chunk);
@@ -140,41 +179,9 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
   return Array.isArray(this.options.input.buffer);
 }
 
-/**
- * Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
- * Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
- * This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
- *
- * @example
- * const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
- * pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
- * pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
- * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
- * // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
- * // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
- *
- * @returns {Sharp}
- */
-function clone () {
-  const that = this;
-  // Clone existing options
-  const clone = this.constructor.call();
-  clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
-  // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
-  if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-    this.on('finish', function () {
-      // Clone inherits input data
-      that._flattenBufferIn();
-      clone.options.bufferIn = that.options.bufferIn;
-      clone.emit('finish');
-    });
-  }
-  return clone;
-}
-
 /**
  * Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
- * A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+ * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * - `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
  * - `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
@@ -186,8 +193,11 @@ function clone () {
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
  * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
  * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
- * - `pages`: Number of pages this TIFF, GIF or PDF image contains.
- * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+ * - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+ * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+ * - `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+ * - `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
+ * - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -195,6 +205,7 @@ function clone () {
  * - `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
  * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
  * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+ * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -214,12 +225,11 @@ function clone () {
  * @returns {Promise<Object>|Sharp}
  */
 function metadata (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (is.fn(callback)) {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      this.on('finish', function () {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.metadata(that.options, callback);
+      this.on('finish', () => {
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
+        sharp.metadata(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       sharp.metadata(this.options, callback);
@@ -227,10 +237,10 @@ function metadata (callback) {
     return this;
   } else {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.metadata(that.options, function (err, metadata) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        this.on('finish', () => {
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
+          sharp.metadata(this.options, (err, metadata) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
@@ -240,8 +250,8 @@ function metadata (callback) {
         });
       });
     } else {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        sharp.metadata(that.options, function (err, metadata) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        sharp.metadata(this.options, (err, metadata) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {
@@ -255,7 +265,7 @@ function metadata (callback) {
 
 /**
  * Access to pixel-derived image statistics for every channel in the image.
- * A Promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+ * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * - `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
  *     - `min` (minimum value in the channel)
@@ -283,12 +293,11 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  * @returns {Promise<Object>}
  */
 function stats (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (is.fn(callback)) {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      this.on('finish', function () {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.stats(that.options, callback);
+      this.on('finish', () => {
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
+        sharp.stats(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       sharp.stats(this.options, callback);
@@ -296,10 +305,10 @@ function stats (callback) {
     return this;
   } else {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.stats(that.options, function (err, stats) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        this.on('finish', function () {
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
+          sharp.stats(this.options, (err, stats) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
@@ -309,8 +318,8 @@ function stats (callback) {
         });
       });
     } else {
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        sharp.stats(that.options, function (err, stats) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        sharp.stats(this.options, (err, stats) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {
@@ -323,14 +332,9 @@ function stats (callback) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Do not process input images where the number of pixels (width * height) exceeds this limit.
- * Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
- * The default limit is 268402689 (0x3FFF * 0x3FFF) pixels.
- * @param {(Number|Boolean)} limit - an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid limit
-*/
-function limitInputPixels (limit) {
+ * @private
+ */
+const limitInputPixels = util.deprecate(function limitInputPixels (limit) {
   // if we pass in false we represent the integer as 0 to disable
   if (limit === false) {
     limit = 0;
@@ -338,26 +342,20 @@ function limitInputPixels (limit) {
     limit = Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2);
   }
   if (is.integer(limit) && limit >= 0) {
-    this.options.limitInputPixels = limit;
+    this.options.input.limitInputPixels = limit;
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer', limit);
   }
   return this;
-}
+}, 'limitInputPixels is deprecated, use sharp(input, { limitInputPixels: false }) instead');
 
 /**
- * An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to `VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL`.
- * This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
- *
- * The default behaviour *before* function call is `false`, meaning the libvips access method is not sequential.
- *
- * @param {Boolean} [sequentialRead=true]
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @private
  */
-function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
-  this.options.sequentialRead = is.bool(sequentialRead) ? sequentialRead : true;
+const sequentialRead = util.deprecate(function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
+  this.options.input.sequentialRead = is.bool(sequentialRead) ? sequentialRead : true;
   return this;
-}
+}, 'sequentialRead is deprecated, use sharp(input, { sequentialRead: true }) instead');
 
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with input-related functions.
@@ -371,9 +369,9 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     _flattenBufferIn,
     _isStreamInput,
     // Public
-    clone,
     metadata,
     stats,
+    // Deprecated
     limitInputPixels,
     sequentialRead
   });

lib/libvips.js

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ const semver = require('semver');
 const platform = require('./platform');
 
 const env = process.env;
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
+  require('../package.json').config.libvips;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
   encoding: 'utf8',
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
   try {
     fs.mkdirSync(dirPath);
   } catch (err) {
+    /* istanbul ignore if */
     if (err.code !== 'EEXIST') {
       throw err;
     }
@@ -26,7 +28,8 @@ const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
 };
 
 const cachePath = function () {
-  const npmCachePath = env.npm_config_cache || (env.APPDATA ? path.join(env.APPDATA, 'npm-cache') : path.join(os.homedir(), '.npm'));
+  const npmCachePath = env.npm_config_cache || /* istanbul ignore next */
+    (env.APPDATA ? path.join(env.APPDATA, 'npm-cache') : path.join(os.homedir(), '.npm'));
   mkdirSync(npmCachePath);
   const libvipsCachePath = path.join(npmCachePath, '_libvips');
   mkdirSync(libvipsCachePath);
@@ -51,17 +54,21 @@ const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
     vendorVersionId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'versions.json')).vips;
     vendorPlatformId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'platform.json'));
   } catch (err) {}
+  /* istanbul ignore if */
   if (vendorVersionId && vendorVersionId !== minimumLibvipsVersion) {
     throw new Error(`Found vendored libvips v${vendorVersionId} but require v${minimumLibvipsVersion}. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
   }
+  /* istanbul ignore else */
   if (vendorPlatformId) {
+    /* istanbul ignore else */
     if (currentPlatformId === vendorPlatformId) {
       return true;
     } else {
       throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
     }
+  } else {
+    return false;
   }
-  return false;
 };
 
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
@@ -81,7 +88,8 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
   }
 
   const globalVipsVersion = globalLibvipsVersion();
-  return !!globalVipsVersion && semver.gte(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
+  return !!globalVipsVersion && /* istanbul ignore next */
+    semver.gte(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
 };
 
 module.exports = {

lib/operation.js

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ function rotate (angle, options) {
       ];
     }
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported angle: must be a number.');
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'numeric', angle);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
       if (is.number(flat) && is.inRange(flat, 0, 10000)) {
         this.options.sharpenFlat = flat;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid sharpen level for flat areas (0.0 - 10000.0) ' + flat);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('flat', 'number between 0 and 10000', flat);
       }
     }
     // Control over jagged areas
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
       if (is.number(jagged) && is.inRange(jagged, 0, 10000)) {
         this.options.sharpenJagged = jagged;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid sharpen level for jagged areas (0.0 - 10000.0) ' + jagged);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('jagged', 'number between 0 and 10000', jagged);
       }
     }
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid sharpen sigma (0.01 - 10000) ' + sigma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.01 and 10000', sigma);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ function median (size) {
     // Numeric argument: specific sigma
     this.options.medianSize = size;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid median size ' + size);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('size', 'integer between 1 and 1000', size);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function blur (sigma) {
     // Numeric argument: specific sigma
     this.options.blurSigma = sigma;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid blur sigma (0.3 - 1000.0) ' + sigma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.3 and 1000', sigma);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ function blur (sigma) {
 function flatten (options) {
   this.options.flatten = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
   if (is.object(options)) {
-    this._setColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
   } else if (is.number(gamma) && is.inRange(gamma, 1, 3)) {
     this.options.gamma = gamma;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid gamma correction (1.0 to 3.0) ' + gamma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('gamma', 'number between 1.0 and 3.0', gamma);
   }
   if (!is.defined(gammaOut)) {
     // Default gamma correction for output is same as input
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
   } else if (is.number(gammaOut) && is.inRange(gammaOut, 1, 3)) {
     this.options.gammaOut = gammaOut;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid output gamma correction (1.0 to 3.0) ' + gammaOut);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('gammaOut', 'number between 1.0 and 3.0', gammaOut);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ function threshold (threshold, options) {
   } else if (is.integer(threshold) && is.inRange(threshold, 0, 255)) {
     this.options.threshold = threshold;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid threshold (0 to 255) ' + threshold);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'integer between 0 and 255', threshold);
   }
   if (!is.object(options) || options.greyscale === true || options.grayscale === true) {
     this.options.thresholdGrayscale = true;
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ function boolean (operand, operator, options) {
   if (is.string(operator) && is.inArray(operator, ['and', 'or', 'eor'])) {
     this.options.booleanOp = operator;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid boolean operator ' + operator);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('operator', 'one of: and, or, eor', operator);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -364,23 +364,23 @@ function linear (a, b) {
   } else if (is.number(a)) {
     this.options.linearA = a;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid linear transform multiplier ' + a);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('a', 'numeric', a);
   }
-
   if (!is.defined(b)) {
     this.options.linearB = 0.0;
   } else if (is.number(b)) {
     this.options.linearB = b;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid linear transform offset ' + b);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('b', 'numeric', b);
   }
-
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
  * Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
  *
+ * @since 0.21.1
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .recomb([
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
       inputMatrix[2].length !== 3
   ) {
     // must pass in a kernel
-    throw new Error('Invalid Recomb Matrix');
+    throw new Error('Invalid recombination matrix');
   }
   this.options.recombMatrix = [
     inputMatrix[0][0], inputMatrix[0][1], inputMatrix[0][2],
@@ -415,6 +415,64 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
+ *
+ * @since 0.22.1
+ *
+ * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .modulate({
+ *     brightness: 2 // increase lightness by a factor of 2
+ *   });
+ *
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .modulate({
+ *     hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
+ *   });
+ *
+ * // decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .modulate({
+ *     brightness: 0.5,
+ *     saturation: 0.5,
+ *     hue: 90
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier
+ * @param {Number} [options.saturation] Saturation multiplier
+ * @param {Number} [options.hue] Degrees for hue rotation
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ */
+function modulate (options) {
+  if (!is.plainObject(options)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'plain object', options);
+  }
+  if ('brightness' in options) {
+    if (is.number(options.brightness) && options.brightness >= 0) {
+      this.options.brightness = options.brightness;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('brightness', 'number above zero', options.brightness);
+    }
+  }
+  if ('saturation' in options) {
+    if (is.number(options.saturation) && options.saturation >= 0) {
+      this.options.saturation = options.saturation;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('saturation', 'number above zero', options.saturation);
+    }
+  }
+  if ('hue' in options) {
+    if (is.integer(options.hue)) {
+      this.options.hue = options.hue % 360;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('hue', 'number', options.hue);
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with operation-related functions.
  * @private
@@ -436,6 +494,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     threshold,
     boolean,
     linear,
-    recomb
+    recomb,
+    modulate
   });
 };

lib/output.js

@@ -3,6 +3,17 @@
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
+const formats = new Map([
+  ['heic', 'heif'],
+  ['heif', 'heif'],
+  ['jpeg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['jpg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['png', 'png'],
+  ['raw', 'raw'],
+  ['tiff', 'tiff'],
+  ['webp', 'webp']
+]);
+
 /**
  * Write output image data to a file.
  *
@@ -10,6 +21,9 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
  * Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
  *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
+ *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * @example
@@ -32,7 +46,7 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  */
 function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
   if (!fileOut || fileOut.length === 0) {
-    const errOutputInvalid = new Error('Invalid output');
+    const errOutputInvalid = new Error('Missing output file path');
     if (is.fn(callback)) {
       callback(errOutputInvalid);
     } else {
@@ -57,7 +71,11 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
 /**
  * Write output to a Buffer.
  * JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
- * By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
  *
  * `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
  * - `err` is an error, if any.
@@ -91,9 +109,9 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  */
 function toBuffer (options, callback) {
   if (is.object(options)) {
-    if (is.bool(options.resolveWithObject)) {
-      this.options.resolveWithObject = options.resolveWithObject;
-    }
+    this._setBooleanOption('resolveWithObject', options.resolveWithObject);
+  } else if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
+    this.options.resolveWithObject = false;
   }
   return this._pipeline(is.fn(options) ? options : callback);
 }
@@ -109,25 +127,47 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *   .toFile('output-with-metadata.jpg')
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
- * @param {Object} [withMetadata]
- * @param {Number} [withMetadata.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function withMetadata (withMetadata) {
-  this.options.withMetadata = is.bool(withMetadata) ? withMetadata : true;
-  if (is.object(withMetadata)) {
-    if (is.defined(withMetadata.orientation)) {
-      if (is.integer(withMetadata.orientation) && is.inRange(withMetadata.orientation, 1, 8)) {
-        this.options.withMetadataOrientation = withMetadata.orientation;
+function withMetadata (options) {
+  this.options.withMetadata = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.orientation)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.orientation) && is.inRange(options.orientation, 1, 8)) {
+        this.options.withMetadataOrientation = options.orientation;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid orientation (1 to 8) ' + withMetadata.orientation);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('orientation', 'integer between 1 and 8', options.orientation);
       }
     }
   }
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Force output to a given format.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert any input to PNG output
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .toFormat('png')
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {(String|Object)} format - as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+ * @param {Object} options - output options
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
+ */
+function toFormat (format, options) {
+  const actualFormat = formats.get(is.object(format) && is.string(format.id) ? format.id : format);
+  if (!actualFormat) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', `one of: ${[...formats.keys()].join(', ')}`, format);
+  }
+  return this[actualFormat](options);
+}
+
 /**
  * Use these JPEG options for output image.
  *
@@ -144,13 +184,13 @@ function withMetadata (withMetadata) {
  * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
  * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
  * @param {String} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:2:0'] - set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90
- * @param {Boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation, requires mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires mozjpeg
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
  * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans
  * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
  * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
- * @param {Number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires mozjpeg
+ * @param {Number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
  * @param {Number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable
  * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
@@ -162,7 +202,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
         this.options.jpegQuality = options.quality;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.progressive)) {
@@ -172,7 +212,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
         this.options.jpegChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid chromaSubsampling (4:2:0, 4:4:4) ' + options.chromaSubsampling);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
     }
     const trellisQuantisation = is.bool(options.trellisQuantization) ? options.trellisQuantization : options.trellisQuantisation;
@@ -198,7 +238,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
       if (is.integer(quantisationTable) && is.inRange(quantisationTable, 0, 8)) {
         this.options.jpegQuantisationTable = quantisationTable;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quantisation table (integer, 0-8) ' + quantisationTable);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quantisationTable', 'integer between 0 and 8', quantisationTable);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -221,11 +261,11 @@ function jpeg (options) {
  * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
  * @param {Number} [options.compressionLevel=9] - zlib compression level, 0-9
  * @param {Boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
- * @param {Boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, requires libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libimagequant
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {Number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {Number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {Number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {Number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
  * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -239,7 +279,7 @@ function png (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.compressionLevel) && is.inRange(options.compressionLevel, 0, 9)) {
         this.options.pngCompressionLevel = options.compressionLevel;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid compressionLevel (integer, 0-9) ' + options.compressionLevel);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compressionLevel', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.compressionLevel);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.adaptiveFiltering)) {
@@ -290,6 +330,8 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {Number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
  * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
  * @param {Boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
+ * @param {Number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
  * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -299,14 +341,14 @@ function webp (options) {
     if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
       this.options.webpQuality = options.quality;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.alphaQuality)) {
     if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 0, 100)) {
       this.options.webpAlphaQuality = options.alphaQuality;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Invalid webp alpha quality (integer, 0-100) ' + options.alphaQuality);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('alphaQuality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.alphaQuality);
     }
   }
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.lossless)) {
@@ -315,6 +357,16 @@ function webp (options) {
   if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.nearLossless)) {
     this._setBooleanOption('webpNearLossless', options.nearLossless);
   }
+  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
+    this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
+  }
+  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.reductionEffort)) {
+    if (is.integer(options.reductionEffort) && is.inRange(options.reductionEffort, 0, 6)) {
+      this.options.webpReductionEffort = options.reductionEffort;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('reductionEffort', 'integer between 0 and 6', options.reductionEffort);
+    }
+  }
   return this._updateFormatOut('webp', options);
 }
 
@@ -352,59 +404,47 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
         this.options.tiffQuality = options.quality;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid quality (integer, 1-100) ' + options.quality);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.squash)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.squash)) {
-        this.options.tiffSquash = options.squash;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for squash ' + options.squash + ' Only Boolean Values allowed for options.squash.');
-      }
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffSquash', options.squash);
     }
     // tiling
     if (is.defined(options.tile)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.tile)) {
-        this.options.tiffTile = options.tile;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tile ' + options.tile + ' Only Boolean values allowed for options.tile');
-      }
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffTile', options.tile);
     }
     if (is.defined(options.tileWidth)) {
-      if (is.number(options.tileWidth) && options.tileWidth > 0) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileWidth) && options.tileWidth > 0) {
         this.options.tiffTileWidth = options.tileWidth;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tileWidth ' + options.tileWidth + ' Only positive numeric values allowed for options.tileWidth');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileWidth', 'integer greater than zero', options.tileWidth);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.tileHeight)) {
-      if (is.number(options.tileHeight) && options.tileHeight > 0) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileHeight) && options.tileHeight > 0) {
         this.options.tiffTileHeight = options.tileHeight;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for tileHeight ' + options.tileHeight + ' Only positive numeric values allowed for options.tileHeight');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileHeight', 'integer greater than zero', options.tileHeight);
       }
     }
     // pyramid
     if (is.defined(options.pyramid)) {
-      if (is.bool(options.pyramid)) {
-        this.options.tiffPyramid = options.pyramid;
-      } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for pyramid ' + options.pyramid + ' Only Boolean values allowed for options.pyramid');
-      }
+      this._setBooleanOption('tiffPyramid', options.pyramid);
     }
     // resolution
     if (is.defined(options.xres)) {
-      if (is.number(options.xres)) {
+      if (is.number(options.xres) && options.xres > 0) {
         this.options.tiffXres = options.xres;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for xres ' + options.xres + ' Only numeric values allowed for options.xres');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('xres', 'number greater than zero', options.xres);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.yres)) {
-      if (is.number(options.yres)) {
+      if (is.number(options.yres) && options.yres > 0) {
         this.options.tiffYres = options.yres;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid Value for yres ' + options.yres + ' Only numeric values allowed for options.yres');
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('yres', 'number greater than zero', options.yres);
       }
     }
     // compression
@@ -412,8 +452,7 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['lzw', 'deflate', 'jpeg', 'ccittfax4', 'none'])) {
         this.options.tiffCompression = options.compression;
       } else {
-        const message = `Invalid compression option "${options.compression}". Should be one of: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4, none`;
-        throw new Error(message);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4, none', options.compression);
       }
     }
     // predictor
@@ -421,14 +460,62 @@ function tiff (options) {
       if (is.string(options.predictor) && is.inArray(options.predictor, ['none', 'horizontal', 'float'])) {
         this.options.tiffPredictor = options.predictor;
       } else {
-        const message = `Invalid predictor option "${options.predictor}". Should be one of: none, horizontal, float`;
-        throw new Error(message);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('predictor', 'one of: none, horizontal, float', options.predictor);
       }
     }
   }
   return this._updateFormatOut('tiff', options);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Use these HEIF options for output image.
+ *
+ * Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
+ * Do not use this in production systems.
+ *
+ * Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
+ *
+ * Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+ *
+ * @since 0.23.0
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='hevc'] - compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+function heif (options) {
+  if (!this.constructor.format.heif.output.buffer) {
+    throw new Error('The heif operation requires libvips to have been installed with support for libheif');
+  }
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
+        this.options.heifQuality = options.quality;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.lossless)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.lossless)) {
+        this.options.heifLossless = options.lossless;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('lossless', 'boolean', options.lossless);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.compression)) {
+      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['hevc', 'avc', 'jpeg', 'av1'])) {
+        this.options.heifCompression = options.compression;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1', options.compression);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this._updateFormatOut('heif', options);
+}
+
 /**
  * Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
  *
@@ -444,31 +531,6 @@ function raw () {
   return this._updateFormatOut('raw');
 }
 
-/**
- * Force output to a given format.
- *
- * @example
- * // Convert any input to PNG output
- * const data = await sharp(input)
- *   .toFormat('png')
- *   .toBuffer();
- *
- * @param {(String|Object)} format - as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
- * @param {Object} options - output options
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
- */
-function toFormat (format, options) {
-  if (is.object(format) && is.string(format.id)) {
-    format = format.id;
-  }
-  if (format === 'jpg') format = 'jpeg';
-  if (!is.inArray(format, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp', 'tiff', 'raw'])) {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported output format ' + format);
-  }
-  return this[format](options);
-}
-
 /**
  * Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
  * Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
@@ -487,79 +549,90 @@ function toFormat (format, options) {
  *     // output_files contains 512x512 tiles grouped by zoom level
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Object} [tile]
- * @param {Number} [tile.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [tile.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [tile.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
- * @param {String} [tile.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
- * @param {String} [tile.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
- * @param {String} [tile.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
+ * @param {Number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
+ * @param {Number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
+ * @param {String} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+ * @param {Number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
+ * @param {String} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
+ * @param {String} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function tile (tile) {
-  if (is.object(tile)) {
+function tile (options) {
+  if (is.object(options)) {
     // Size of square tiles, in pixels
-    if (is.defined(tile.size)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.size) && is.inRange(tile.size, 1, 8192)) {
-        this.options.tileSize = tile.size;
+    if (is.defined(options.size)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.size) && is.inRange(options.size, 1, 8192)) {
+        this.options.tileSize = options.size;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile size (1 to 8192) ' + tile.size);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('size', 'integer between 1 and 8192', options.size);
       }
     }
     // Overlap of tiles, in pixels
-    if (is.defined(tile.overlap)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.overlap) && is.inRange(tile.overlap, 0, 8192)) {
-        if (tile.overlap > this.options.tileSize) {
-          throw new Error('Tile overlap ' + tile.overlap + ' cannot be larger than tile size ' + this.options.tileSize);
+    if (is.defined(options.overlap)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.overlap) && is.inRange(options.overlap, 0, 8192)) {
+        if (options.overlap > this.options.tileSize) {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', `<= size (${this.options.tileSize})`, options.overlap);
         }
-        this.options.tileOverlap = tile.overlap;
+        this.options.tileOverlap = options.overlap;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile overlap (0 to 8192) ' + tile.overlap);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', 'integer between 0 and 8192', options.overlap);
       }
     }
     // Container
-    if (is.defined(tile.container)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.container) && is.inArray(tile.container, ['fs', 'zip'])) {
-        this.options.tileContainer = tile.container;
+    if (is.defined(options.container)) {
+      if (is.string(options.container) && is.inArray(options.container, ['fs', 'zip'])) {
+        this.options.tileContainer = options.container;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile container ' + tile.container);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('container', 'one of: fs, zip', options.container);
       }
     }
     // Layout
-    if (is.defined(tile.layout)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.layout) && is.inArray(tile.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
-        this.options.tileLayout = tile.layout;
+    if (is.defined(options.layout)) {
+      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
+        this.options.tileLayout = options.layout;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Invalid tile layout ' + tile.layout);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, zoomify', options.layout);
       }
     }
-
     // Angle of rotation,
-    if (is.defined(tile.angle)) {
-      if (is.integer(tile.angle) && !(tile.angle % 90)) {
-        this.options.tileAngle = tile.angle;
+    if (is.defined(options.angle)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.angle) && !(options.angle % 90)) {
+        this.options.tileAngle = options.angle;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Unsupported angle: angle must be a positive/negative multiple of 90 ' + tile.angle);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'positive/negative multiple of 90', options.angle);
       }
     }
-
+    // Background colour
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('tileBackground', options.background);
     // Depth of tiles
-    if (is.defined(tile.depth)) {
-      if (is.string(tile.depth) && is.inArray(tile.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
-        this.options.tileDepth = tile.depth;
+    if (is.defined(options.depth)) {
+      if (is.string(options.depth) && is.inArray(options.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
+        this.options.tileDepth = options.depth;
       } else {
-        throw new Error("Invalid tile depth '" + tile.depth + "', should be one of 'onepixel', 'onetile' or 'one'");
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('depth', 'one of: onepixel, onetile, one', options.depth);
       }
     }
+    // Threshold to skip blank tiles
+    if (is.defined(options.skipBlanks)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.skipBlanks) && is.inRange(options.skipBlanks, -1, 65535)) {
+        this.options.tileSkipBlanks = options.skipBlanks;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('skipBlanks', 'integer between -1 and 255/65535', options.skipBlanks);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.layout) && options.layout === 'google') {
+      this.options.tileSkipBlanks = 5;
+    }
   }
   // Format
   if (is.inArray(this.options.formatOut, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp'])) {
     this.options.tileFormat = this.options.formatOut;
   } else if (this.options.formatOut !== 'input') {
-    throw new Error('Invalid tile format ' + this.options.formatOut);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', 'one of: jpeg, png, webp', this.options.formatOut);
   }
-
   return this._updateFormatOut('dz');
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +663,7 @@ function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
   if (is.bool(val)) {
     this.options[key] = val;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid ' + key + ' (boolean) ' + val);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError(key, 'boolean', val);
   }
 }
 
@@ -599,6 +672,7 @@ function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
  * @private
  */
 function _read () {
+  /* istanbul ignore else */
   if (!this.options.streamOut) {
     this.options.streamOut = true;
     this._pipeline();
@@ -611,14 +685,13 @@ function _read () {
  * @private
  */
 function _pipeline (callback) {
-  const that = this;
   if (typeof callback === 'function') {
     // output=file/buffer
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=file/buffer, input=stream
-      this.on('finish', function () {
-        that._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.pipeline(that.options, callback);
+      this.on('finish', () => {
+        this._flattenBufferIn();
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, callback);
       });
     } else {
       // output=file/buffer, input=file/buffer
@@ -629,41 +702,31 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
     // output=stream
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=stream, input=stream
-      if (this.streamInFinished) {
+      this.once('finish', () => {
         this._flattenBufferIn();
-        sharp.pipeline(this.options, function (err, data, info) {
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
           if (err) {
-            that.emit('error', err);
+            this.emit('error', err);
           } else {
-            that.emit('info', info);
-            that.push(data);
+            this.emit('info', info);
+            this.push(data);
           }
-          that.push(null);
-        });
-      } else {
-        this.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
-            if (err) {
-              that.emit('error', err);
-            } else {
-              that.emit('info', info);
-              that.push(data);
-            }
-            that.push(null);
-          });
+          this.push(null);
         });
+      });
+      if (this.streamInFinished) {
+        this.emit('finish');
       }
     } else {
       // output=stream, input=file/buffer
-      sharp.pipeline(this.options, function (err, data, info) {
+      sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
         if (err) {
-          that.emit('error', err);
+          this.emit('error', err);
         } else {
-          that.emit('info', info);
-          that.push(data);
+          this.emit('info', info);
+          this.push(data);
         }
-        that.push(null);
+        this.push(null);
       });
     }
     return this;
@@ -671,15 +734,15 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
     // output=promise
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       // output=promise, input=stream
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        that.on('finish', function () {
-          that._flattenBufferIn();
-          sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        this.once('finish', () => {
+          this._flattenBufferIn();
+          sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
             if (err) {
               reject(err);
             } else {
-              if (that.options.resolveWithObject) {
-                resolve({ data: data, info: info });
+              if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
+                resolve({ data, info });
               } else {
                 resolve(data);
               }
@@ -689,12 +752,12 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
       });
     } else {
       // output=promise, input=file/buffer
-      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
-        sharp.pipeline(that.options, function (err, data, info) {
+      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        sharp.pipeline(this.options, (err, data, info) => {
           if (err) {
             reject(err);
           } else {
-            if (that.options.resolveWithObject) {
+            if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
               resolve({ data: data, info: info });
             } else {
               resolve(data);
@@ -716,12 +779,13 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toFile,
     toBuffer,
     withMetadata,
+    toFormat,
     jpeg,
     png,
     webp,
     tiff,
+    heif,
     raw,
-    toFormat,
     tile,
     // Private
     _updateFormatOut,

lib/platform.js

@@ -2,17 +2,23 @@
 
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
 
+const env = process.env;
+
 module.exports = function () {
-  const arch = process.env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
-  const platform = process.env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+  const arch = env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
+  const platform = env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
   const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) ? detectLibc.family : '';
 
   const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];
-  if (arch === 'arm' || arch === 'armhf' || arch === 'arm64') {
-    const armVersion = (arch === 'arm64') ? '8' : process.env.npm_config_armv || process.config.variables.arm_version || '6';
-    platformId.push(`armv${armVersion}`);
+
+  if (arch === 'arm') {
+    platformId.push(`armv${env.npm_config_arm_version || process.config.variables.arm_version || '6'}`);
+  } else if (arch === 'arm64') {
+    platformId.push(`arm64v${env.npm_config_arm_version || '8'}`);
   } else {
     platformId.push(arch);
   }
+
   return platformId.join('-');
 };

lib/resize.js

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const deprecate = require('util').deprecate;
 const is = require('./is');
 
 /**
@@ -174,6 +173,14 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
  *     // and no larger than the input image
  *   });
  *
+ * @example
+ * const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
+ *   .metadata()
+ *   .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
+ *     .resize(Math.round(width * 0.5))
+ *     .toBuffer()
+ *   );
+ *
  * @param {Number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
  * @param {Number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
  * @param {Object} [options]
@@ -211,12 +218,20 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
   }
   if (is.object(options)) {
     // Width
-    if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
-      this.options.width = options.width;
+    if (is.defined(options.width)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
+        this.options.width = options.width;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', options.width);
+      }
     }
     // Height
-    if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
-      this.options.height = options.height;
+    if (is.defined(options.height)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
+        this.options.height = options.height;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'positive integer', options.height);
+      }
     }
     // Fit
     if (is.defined(options.fit)) {
@@ -239,9 +254,7 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
       }
     }
     // Background
-    if (is.defined(options.background)) {
-      this._setColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
-    }
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
     // Kernel
     if (is.defined(options.kernel)) {
       if (is.string(kernel[options.kernel])) {
@@ -275,7 +288,7 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
  *     top: 10,
  *     bottom: 20,
  *     left: 10,
- *     right: 10
+ *     right: 10,
  *     background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 0 }
  *   })
  *   ...
@@ -306,9 +319,9 @@ function extend (extend) {
     this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
     this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
     this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
-    this._setColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Invalid edge extension ' + extend);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('extend', 'integer or object', extend);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -335,11 +348,11 @@ function extend (extend) {
  *     // Extract a region, resize, then extract from the resized image
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {Object} options - describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
  * @param {Number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
  * @param {Number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
- * @param {Number} options.width - dimension of extracted image
- * @param {Number} options.height - dimension of extracted image
+ * @param {Number} options.width - width of region to extract
+ * @param {Number} options.height - height of region to extract
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -350,11 +363,11 @@ function extract (options) {
     if (is.integer(value) && value >= 0) {
       this.options[name + (name === 'left' || name === 'top' ? 'Offset' : '') + suffix] = value;
     } else {
-      throw new Error('Non-integer value for ' + name + ' of ' + value);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError(name, 'integer', value);
     }
   }, this);
   // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true)) {
+  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true || this.options.rotationAngle !== 0)) {
     this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
   }
   return this;
@@ -362,7 +375,10 @@ function extract (options) {
 
 /**
  * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+ * Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+ *
  * The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
+ *
  * @param {Number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -378,92 +394,6 @@ function trim (threshold) {
   return this;
 }
 
-// Deprecated functions
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function crop (crop) {
-  this.options.canvas = 'crop';
-  if (!is.defined(crop)) {
-    // Default
-    this.options.position = gravity.center;
-  } else if (is.integer(crop) && is.inRange(crop, 0, 8)) {
-    // Gravity (numeric)
-    this.options.position = crop;
-  } else if (is.string(crop) && is.integer(gravity[crop])) {
-    // Gravity (string)
-    this.options.position = gravity[crop];
-  } else if (is.integer(crop) && crop >= strategy.entropy) {
-    // Strategy
-    this.options.position = crop;
-  } else if (is.string(crop) && is.integer(strategy[crop])) {
-    // Strategy (string)
-    this.options.position = strategy[crop];
-  } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('crop', 'valid crop id/name/strategy', crop);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function embed (embed) {
-  this.options.canvas = 'embed';
-  if (!is.defined(embed)) {
-    // Default
-    this.options.position = gravity.center;
-  } else if (is.integer(embed) && is.inRange(embed, 0, 8)) {
-    // Gravity (numeric)
-    this.options.position = embed;
-  } else if (is.string(embed) && is.integer(gravity[embed])) {
-    // Gravity (string)
-    this.options.position = gravity[embed];
-  } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('embed', 'valid embed id/name', embed);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function max () {
-  this.options.canvas = 'max';
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function min () {
-  this.options.canvas = 'min';
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
- */
-function ignoreAspectRatio () {
-  this.options.canvas = 'ignore_aspect';
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * @deprecated
- * @private
-*/
-function withoutEnlargement (withoutEnlargement) {
-  this.options.withoutEnlargement = is.bool(withoutEnlargement) ? withoutEnlargement : true;
-  return this;
-}
-
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with resize-related functions.
  * @private
@@ -481,11 +411,4 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Sharp.kernel = kernel;
   Sharp.fit = fit;
   Sharp.position = position;
-  // Deprecated functions, to be removed in v0.22.0
-  Sharp.prototype.crop = deprecate(crop, 'crop(position) is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "cover", position }) instead');
-  Sharp.prototype.embed = deprecate(embed, 'embed(position) is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "contain", position }) instead');
-  Sharp.prototype.max = deprecate(max, 'max() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "inside" }) instead');
-  Sharp.prototype.min = deprecate(min, 'min() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "outside" }) instead');
-  Sharp.prototype.ignoreAspectRatio = deprecate(ignoreAspectRatio, 'ignoreAspectRatio() is deprecated, use resize({ fit: "fill" }) instead');
-  Sharp.prototype.withoutEnlargement = deprecate(withoutEnlargement, 'withoutEnlargement() is deprecated, use resize({ withoutEnlargement: true }) instead');
 };

lib/utility.js

@@ -1,8 +1,31 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const events = require('events');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
+/**
+ * An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * console.log(sharp.format);
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+const format = sharp.format();
+
+/**
+ * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * console.log(sharp.versions);
+ */
+let versions = {
+  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
+};
+try {
+  versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
+} catch (err) {}
+
 /**
  * Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
  * Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
@@ -61,6 +84,18 @@ function concurrency (concurrency) {
   return sharp.concurrency(is.integer(concurrency) ? concurrency : null);
 }
 
+/**
+ * An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
+ * - queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
+ * - complete
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
+ *   console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+ * });
+ */
+const queue = new events.EventEmitter();
+
 /**
  * Provides access to internal task counters.
  * - queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread from its pool.
@@ -110,4 +145,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   ].forEach(function (f) {
     Sharp[f.name] = f;
   });
+  Sharp.format = format;
+  Sharp.versions = versions;
+  Sharp.queue = queue;
 };

mkdocs.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-site_name: sharp
-site_url: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/
-repo_url: https://github.com/lovell/sharp
-site_description: High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images
-copyright: <a href="https://pixelplumbing.com/">pixelplumbing.com</a>
-google_analytics: ['UA-13034748-12', 'sharp.pixelplumbing.com']
-theme: readthedocs
-extra_css:
-  - css/extra.css
-markdown_extensions:
-  - toc:
-      permalink: True
-pages:
-  - Home: index.md
-  - Installation: install.md
-  - API:
-    - Constructor: api-constructor.md
-    - Input: api-input.md
-    - Output: api-output.md
-    - "Resizing images": api-resize.md
-    - "Compositing images": api-composite.md
-    - "Image operations": api-operation.md
-    - "Colour manipulation": api-colour.md
-    - "Channel manipulation": api-channel.md
-    - Utilities: api-utility.md
-  - Performance: performance.md
-  - Changelog: changelog.md

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.21.2",
+  "version": "0.24.0",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -59,19 +59,33 @@
     "Daiz <taneli.vatanen@gmail.com>",
     "Julian Aubourg <j@ubourg.net>",
     "Keith Belovay <keith@picthrive.com>",
-    "Michael B. Klein <mbklein@gmail.com>"
+    "Michael B. Klein <mbklein@gmail.com>",
+    "Jordan Prudhomme <jordan@raboland.fr>",
+    "Ilya Ovdin <iovdin@gmail.com>",
+    "Andargor <andargor@yahoo.com>",
+    "Paul Neave <paul.neave@gmail.com>",
+    "Brendan Kennedy <brenwken@gmail.com>",
+    "Brychan Bennett-Odlum <git@brychan.io>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
     "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
-    "test": "semistandard && cc && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
+    "test": "semistandard && cpplint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
     "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=5000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;MIT\"",
     "test-coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
-    "docs": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done"
+    "docs-build": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done",
+    "docs-serve": "cd docs && npx serve",
+    "docs-publish": "cd docs && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
   },
   "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "files": [
+    "binding.gyp",
+    "install/**",
+    "lib/**",
+    "src/**"
+  ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
     "url": "git://github.com/lovell/sharp"
@@ -93,40 +107,41 @@
     "vips"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "bindings": "^1.3.1",
-    "color": "^3.1.0",
+    "color": "^3.1.2",
     "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "fs-copy-file-sync": "^1.1.1",
-    "nan": "^2.12.1",
+    "nan": "^2.14.0",
     "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
-    "prebuild-install": "^5.2.2",
-    "semver": "^5.6.0",
-    "simple-get": "^3.0.3",
-    "tar": "^4.4.8",
+    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.3",
+    "semver": "^7.1.1",
+    "simple-get": "^3.1.0",
+    "tar": "^5.0.5",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^2.6.1",
-    "cc": "^1.0.2",
-    "decompress-zip": "^0.3.1",
-    "documentation": "^9.1.1",
-    "exif-reader": "^1.0.2",
+    "async": "^3.1.0",
+    "cc": "^2.0.1",
+    "decompress-zip": "^0.3.2",
+    "documentation": "^12.1.4",
+    "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
     "icc": "^1.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
-    "mock-fs": "^4.7.0",
-    "nyc": "^13.1.0",
-    "prebuild": "^8.1.2",
-    "prebuild-ci": "^2.3.0",
-    "rimraf": "^2.6.3",
-    "semistandard": "^13.0.1"
+    "mocha": "^7.0.0",
+    "mock-fs": "^4.10.4",
+    "nyc": "^15.0.0",
+    "prebuild": "^10.0.0",
+    "prebuild-ci": "^3.1.0",
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.0",
+    "semistandard": "^14.2.0"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.7.0"
+    "libvips": "8.9.0"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=6"
+    "node": ">=10.13.0"
+  },
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
   },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [
@@ -136,10 +151,7 @@
   "cc": {
     "linelength": "120",
     "filter": [
-      "build/c++11",
-      "build/include",
-      "runtime/indentation_namespace",
-      "runtime/references"
+      "build/include"
     ]
   }
 }

src/common.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <mutex>  // NOLINT(build/c++11)
 
 #include <node.h>
 #include <node_buffer.h>
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ using vips::VImage;
 namespace sharp {
 
   // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return Nan::Has(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
   }
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return *Nan::Utf8String(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked());
   }
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     v8::Local<v8::Object> background = AttrAs<v8::Object>(obj, attr);
     std::vector<double> rgba(4);
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Handle<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist
+    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist
   ) {
     Nan::HandleScope();
     InputDescriptor *descriptor = new InputDescriptor;
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       v8::Local<v8::Object> buffer = AttrAs<v8::Object>(input, "buffer");
       descriptor->bufferLength = node::Buffer::Length(buffer);
       descriptor->buffer = node::Buffer::Data(buffer);
+      descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
       buffersToPersist.push_back(buffer);
     }
     descriptor->failOnError = AttrTo<bool>(input, "failOnError");
@@ -71,7 +72,10 @@ namespace sharp {
       descriptor->rawWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawWidth");
       descriptor->rawHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawHeight");
     }
-    // Page input for multi-page TIFF
+    // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
+    if (HasAttr(input, "pages")) {
+      descriptor->pages = AttrTo<int32_t>(input, "pages");
+    }
     if (HasAttr(input, "page")) {
       descriptor->page = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "page");
     }
@@ -82,6 +86,10 @@ namespace sharp {
       descriptor->createHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createHeight");
       descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsRgba(input, "createBackground");
     }
+    // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
+    descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "limitInputPixels");
+    // Allow switch from random to sequential access
+    descriptor->access = AttrTo<bool>(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
     return descriptor;
   }
 
@@ -107,6 +115,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".tif") || EndsWith(str, ".tiff") || EndsWith(str, ".TIF") || EndsWith(str, ".TIFF");
   }
+  bool IsHeic(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".heic") || EndsWith(str, ".HEIC");
+  }
+  bool IsHeif(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".heif") || EndsWith(str, ".HEIF") || IsHeic(str) || IsAvif(str);
+  }
+  bool IsAvif(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".avif") || EndsWith(str, ".AVIF");
+  }
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".dzi") || EndsWith(str, ".DZI");
   }
@@ -129,14 +146,16 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::TIFF: id = "tiff"; break;
       case ImageType::GIF: id = "gif"; break;
       case ImageType::SVG: id = "svg"; break;
+      case ImageType::HEIF: id = "heif"; break;
       case ImageType::PDF: id = "pdf"; break;
       case ImageType::MAGICK: id = "magick"; break;
       case ImageType::OPENSLIDE: id = "openslide"; break;
       case ImageType::PPM: id = "ppm"; break;
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
-      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "v"; break;
+      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
+      case ImageType::MISSING: id = "missing"; break;
     }
     return id;
   }
@@ -161,6 +180,8 @@ namespace sharp {
         imageType = ImageType::GIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgBuffer")) {
         imageType = ImageType::SVG;
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifBuffer")) {
+        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfBuffer")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PDF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "MagickBuffer")) {
@@ -180,7 +201,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       std::string const loader = load;
       if (EndsWith(loader, "JpegFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::JPEG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Png")) {
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PngFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PNG;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "WebpFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::WEBP;
@@ -192,6 +213,8 @@ namespace sharp {
         imageType = ImageType::GIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::SVG;
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifFile")) {
+        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PDF;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Ppm")) {
@@ -203,17 +226,32 @@ namespace sharp {
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Magick") || EndsWith(loader, "MagickFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::MAGICK;
       }
+    } else {
+      if (EndsWith(vips::VError().what(), " not found\n")) {
+        imageType = ImageType::MISSING;
+      }
     }
     return imageType;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Does this image type support multiple pages?
+  */
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType) {
+    return
+      imageType == ImageType::GIF ||
+      imageType == ImageType::TIFF ||
+      imageType == ImageType::HEIF ||
+      imageType == ImageType::PDF;
+  }
+
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
-  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor, VipsAccess accessMethod) {
+  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor) {
     VImage image;
     ImageType imageType;
-    if (descriptor->buffer != nullptr) {
+    if (descriptor->isBuffer) {
       if (descriptor->rawChannels > 0) {
         // Raw, uncompressed pixel data
         image = VImage::new_from_memory(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength,
@@ -230,7 +268,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", accessMethod)
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
@@ -238,12 +276,13 @@ namespace sharp {
             if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
             }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
-             option->set("page", descriptor->page);
+            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
+              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
+              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
             image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input buffer has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
@@ -269,10 +308,13 @@ namespace sharp {
       } else {
         // From filesystem
         imageType = DetermineImageType(descriptor->file.data());
+        if (imageType == ImageType::MISSING) {
+          throw vips::VError("Input file is missing");
+        }
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", accessMethod)
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
@@ -280,21 +322,27 @@ namespace sharp {
             if (imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               option->set("density", std::to_string(descriptor->density).data());
             }
-            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
-             option->set("page", descriptor->page);
+            if (ImageTypeSupportsPage(imageType)) {
+              option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
+              option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
             image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input file has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
           }
         } else {
-          throw vips::VError("Input file is missing or of an unsupported image format");
+          throw vips::VError("Input file contains unsupported image format");
         }
       }
     }
+    // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
+    if (descriptor->limitInputPixels > 0 &&
+      static_cast<uint64_t>(image.width() * image.height()) > static_cast<uint64_t>(descriptor->limitInputPixels)) {
+      throw vips::VError("Input image exceeds pixel limit");
+    }
     return std::make_tuple(image, imageType);
   }
 
@@ -332,15 +380,19 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
-    image.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
-    vips_image_remove(image.get_image(), VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.remove(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
@@ -360,11 +412,13 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
     const double pixelsPerMm = density / 25.4;
-    image.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
-    image.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
-    image.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*

src/common.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -25,17 +25,17 @@
 
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
-#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 7))
-#error libvips version 8.7.0+ is required - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install
+#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 9))
+#error "libvips version 8.9.0+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
-#error GCC version 4.6+ is required for C++11 features - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install#prerequisites
+#error "GCC version 4.6+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if (defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_feature))
 #if (!__has_feature(cxx_range_for))
-#error clang version 3.0+ is required for C++11 features - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install#prerequisites
+#error "clang version 3.0+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -43,16 +43,20 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  struct InputDescriptor {
+  struct InputDescriptor {  // NOLINT(runtime/indentation_namespace)
     std::string name;
     std::string file;
     char *buffer;
     bool failOnError;
+    int limitInputPixels;
+    VipsAccess access;
     size_t bufferLength;
+    bool isBuffer;
     double density;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
     int rawHeight;
+    int pages;
     int page;
     int createChannels;
     int createWidth;
@@ -61,12 +65,16 @@ namespace sharp {
 
     InputDescriptor():
       buffer(nullptr),
-      failOnError(FALSE),
+      failOnError(TRUE),
+      limitInputPixels(0x3FFF * 0x3FFF),
+      access(VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM),
       bufferLength(0),
+      isBuffer(FALSE),
       density(72.0),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
       rawHeight(0),
+      pages(1),
       page(0),
       createChannels(0),
       createWidth(0),
@@ -75,22 +83,22 @@ namespace sharp {
   };
 
   // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  template<typename T> v8::Local<T> AttrAs(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
+  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
+  template<typename T> v8::Local<T> AttrAs(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked().As<T>();
   }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
+  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
     return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
   }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Handle<v8::Object> obj, int attr) {
+  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, int attr) {
     return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
   }
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Handle<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);
+    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);  // NOLINT(runtime/references)
 
   enum class ImageType {
     JPEG,
@@ -99,6 +107,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     TIFF,
     GIF,
     SVG,
+    HEIF,
     PDF,
     MAGICK,
     OPENSLIDE,
@@ -106,7 +115,8 @@ namespace sharp {
     FITS,
     VIPS,
     RAW,
-    UNKNOWN
+    UNKNOWN,
+    MISSING
   };
 
   // How many tasks are in the queue?
@@ -120,6 +130,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsPng(std::string const &str);
   bool IsWebp(std::string const &str);
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsHeic(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsHeif(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsAvif(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDzZip(std::string const &str);
   bool IsV(std::string const &str);
@@ -139,10 +152,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   ImageType DetermineImageType(char const *file);
 
+  /*
+    Does this image type support multiple pages?
+  */
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType);
+
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
-  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor, VipsAccess accessMethod);
+  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor);
 
   /*
     Does this image have an embedded profile?
@@ -163,12 +181,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
 
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
@@ -183,7 +201,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.

src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/* Object part of the VSource and VTarget class
+ */
+
+/*
+
+    Copyright (C) 1991-2001 The National Gallery
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+    02110-1301  USA
+
+ */
+
+/*
+
+    These files are distributed with VIPS - http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk
+
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
+#include <vips/intl.h>
+
+#include <vips/vips8>
+
+#include <vips/debug.h>
+
+/*
+#define VIPS_DEBUG
+#define VIPS_DEBUG_VERBOSE
+ */
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_START
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_descriptor( int descriptor )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_descriptor( descriptor )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_file( const char *filename )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_file( filename )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_blob( VipsBlob *blob )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_blob( blob )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_memory( const void *data, 
+	size_t size )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_memory( data, size )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_options( const char *options )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_options( options )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VOption *
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VSource value )
+{
+	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
+
+	pair->input = true;
+	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_SOURCE );
+	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_source() );
+	options.push_back( pair );
+
+	return( this );
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_descriptor( int descriptor )
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_descriptor( descriptor )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_file( const char *filename )
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_file( filename )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_memory()
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_memory()) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VOption *
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VTarget value )
+{
+	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
+
+	pair->input = true;
+	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_TARGET );
+	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_target() );
+	options.push_back( pair );
+
+	return( this );
+}
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_END

src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp

@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
 #include <vips/intl.h>
 
-#include <iostream>
-
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 VIPS_NAMESPACE_START

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, const char *value )
 
 // input image
 VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, VImage value )
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VImage value )
 {
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ VImage::new_from_file( const char *name, VOption *options )
 }
 
 VImage 
-VImage::new_from_buffer( void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string, 
+VImage::new_from_buffer( const void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string, 
 	VOption *options )
 {
 	const char *operation_name;
@@ -588,6 +588,36 @@ VImage::new_from_buffer( void *buf, size_t len, const char *option_string,
 	return( out );
 }
 
+VImage 
+VImage::new_from_buffer( const std::string &buf, const char *option_string, 
+	VOption *options )
+{
+	return( new_from_buffer( buf.c_str(), buf.size(), 
+		option_string, options ) );
+}
+
+VImage 
+VImage::new_from_source( VSource source, const char *option_string, 
+	VOption *options )
+{
+	const char *operation_name;
+	VImage out;
+
+	if( !(operation_name = vips_foreign_find_load_source( 
+		source.get_source() )) ) {
+		delete options; 
+		throw( VError() ); 
+	}
+
+	options = (options ? options : VImage::option())-> 
+		set( "source", source )->
+		set( "out", &out );
+
+	call_option_string( operation_name, option_string, options ); 
+
+	return( out );
+}
+
 VImage 
 VImage::new_matrix( int width, int height ) 
 {
@@ -672,6 +702,26 @@ VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size,
 	}
 }
 
+void 
+VImage::write_to_target( const char *suffix, VTarget target, 
+	VOption *options ) const
+{
+	char filename[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
+	char option_string[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
+	const char *operation_name;
+
+	vips__filename_split8( suffix, filename, option_string );
+	if( !(operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_target( filename )) ) {
+		delete options; 
+		throw VError(); 
+	}
+
+	call_option_string( operation_name, option_string, 
+		(options ? options : VImage::option())-> 
+			set( "in", *this )->
+			set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 #include "vips-operators.cpp"
 
 std::vector<VImage> 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ VInterpolate::new_from_name( const char *name, VOption *options )
 }
 
 VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, VInterpolate value )
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VInterpolate value )
 {
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 

src/metadata.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips::VImage image;
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
     try {
-      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input, VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL);
+      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input);
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
       (baton->err).append(err.what());
     }
@@ -77,6 +77,15 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("loop") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->loop = image.get_int("loop");
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof("delay") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_INT) {
+        baton->delay = image.get_array_int("delay");
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof("heif-primary") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->pagePrimary = image.get_int("heif-primary");
+      }
       baton->hasProfile = sharp::HasProfile(image);
       // Derived attributes
       baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
@@ -113,6 +122,14 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         memcpy(baton->xmp, xmp, xmpLength);
         baton->xmpLength = xmpLength;
       }
+      // TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME) == VIPS_TYPE_BLOB) {
+        size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+        void const *tifftagPhotoshop = image.get_blob(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME, &tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshop = static_cast<char *>(g_malloc(tifftagPhotoshopLength));
+        memcpy(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength = tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+      }
     }
 
     // Clean up
@@ -158,6 +175,20 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
         Set(info, New("pageHeight").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pageHeight));
       }
+      if (baton->loop >= 0) {
+        Set(info, New("loop").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->loop));
+      }
+      if (!baton->delay.empty()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        v8::Local<v8::Array> delay = New<v8::Array>(baton->delay.size());
+        for (int const d : baton->delay) {
+          Set(delay, i++, New<v8::Number>(d));
+        }
+        Set(info, New("delay").ToLocalChecked(), delay);
+      }
+      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
+        Set(info, New("pagePrimary").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pagePrimary));
+      }
       Set(info, New("hasProfile").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasProfile));
       Set(info, New("hasAlpha").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasAlpha));
       if (baton->orientation > 0) {
@@ -183,6 +214,12 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           New("xmp").ToLocalChecked(),
           Nan::NewBuffer(baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
       }
+      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
+        Set(info,
+          New("tifftagPhotoshop").ToLocalChecked(),
+          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr)
+            .ToLocalChecked());
+      }
       argv[1] = info;
     }
 

src/metadata.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int paletteBitDepth;
   int pages;
   int pageHeight;
+  int loop;
+  std::vector<int> delay;
+  int pagePrimary;
   bool hasProfile;
   bool hasAlpha;
   int orientation;
@@ -47,6 +50,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   size_t iptcLength;
   char *xmp;
   size_t xmpLength;
+  char *tifftagPhotoshop;
+  size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
   std::string err;
 
   MetadataBaton():
@@ -59,6 +64,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     paletteBitDepth(0),
     pages(0),
     pageHeight(0),
+    loop(-1),
+    pagePrimary(-1),
     hasProfile(false),
     hasAlpha(false),
     orientation(0),
@@ -69,7 +76,9 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     iptc(nullptr),
     iptcLength(0),
     xmp(nullptr),
-    xmpLength(0) {}
+    xmpLength(0),
+    tifftagPhotoshop(nullptr),
+    tifftagPhotoshopLength(0) {}
 };
 
 NAN_METHOD(metadata);

src/operations.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,130 +50,6 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
-  /*
-    Composite overlayImage over image at given position
-    Assumes alpha channels are already premultiplied and will be unpremultiplied after
-   */
-  VImage Composite(VImage image, VImage overlayImage, int const left, int const top) {
-    if (HasAlpha(overlayImage)) {
-      // Alpha composite
-      if (overlayImage.width() < image.width() || overlayImage.height() < image.height()) {
-        // Enlarge overlay
-        std::vector<double> const background { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
-        overlayImage = overlayImage.embed(left, top, image.width(), image.height(), VImage::option()
-          ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
-          ->set("background", background));
-      }
-      return AlphaComposite(image, overlayImage);
-    } else {
-      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
-        // Add alpha channel to overlayImage so channels match
-        double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(overlayImage.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
-        overlayImage = overlayImage.bandjoin(
-          VImage::new_matrix(overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
-      }
-      return image.insert(overlayImage, left, top);
-    }
-  }
-
-  VImage AlphaComposite(VImage dst, VImage src) {
-    // Split src into non-alpha and alpha channels
-    VImage srcWithoutAlpha = src.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", src.bands() - 1));
-    VImage srcAlpha = src[src.bands() - 1] * (1.0 / 255.0);
-
-    // Split dst into non-alpha and alpha channels
-    VImage dstWithoutAlpha = dst.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", dst.bands() - 1));
-    VImage dstAlpha = dst[dst.bands() - 1] * (1.0 / 255.0);
-
-    //
-    // Compute normalized output alpha channel:
-    //
-    // References:
-    // - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Alpha_blending
-    // - https://github.com/libvips/ruby-vips/issues/28#issuecomment-9014826
-    //
-    // out_a = src_a + dst_a * (1 - src_a)
-    //                         ^^^^^^^^^^^
-    //                            t0
-    VImage t0 = srcAlpha.linear(-1.0, 1.0);
-    VImage outAlphaNormalized = srcAlpha + dstAlpha * t0;
-
-    //
-    // Compute output RGB channels:
-    //
-    // Wikipedia:
-    // out_rgb = (src_rgb * src_a + dst_rgb * dst_a * (1 - src_a)) / out_a
-    //                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^
-    //                                                    t0
-    //
-    // Omit division by `out_a` since `Compose` is supposed to output a
-    // premultiplied RGBA image as reversal of premultiplication is handled
-    // externally.
-    //
-    VImage outRGBPremultiplied = srcWithoutAlpha + dstWithoutAlpha * t0;
-
-    // Combine RGB and alpha channel into output image:
-    return outRGBPremultiplied.bandjoin(outAlphaNormalized * 255.0);
-  }
-
-  /*
-    Cutout src over dst with given gravity.
-   */
-  VImage Cutout(VImage mask, VImage dst, const int gravity) {
-    using sharp::CalculateCrop;
-    using sharp::HasAlpha;
-    using sharp::MaximumImageAlpha;
-
-    bool maskHasAlpha = HasAlpha(mask);
-
-    if (!maskHasAlpha && mask.bands() > 1) {
-      throw VError("Overlay image must have an alpha channel or one band");
-    }
-    if (!HasAlpha(dst)) {
-      throw VError("Image to be overlaid must have an alpha channel");
-    }
-    if (mask.width() > dst.width() || mask.height() > dst.height()) {
-      throw VError("Overlay image must have same dimensions or smaller");
-    }
-
-    // Enlarge overlay mask, if required
-    if (mask.width() < dst.width() || mask.height() < dst.height()) {
-      // Calculate the (left, top) coordinates of the output image within the input image, applying the given gravity.
-      int left;
-      int top;
-      std::tie(left, top) = CalculateCrop(dst.width(), dst.height(), mask.width(), mask.height(), gravity);
-      // Embed onto transparent background
-      std::vector<double> background { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
-      mask = mask.embed(left, top, dst.width(), dst.height(), VImage::option()
-              ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
-              ->set("background", background));
-    }
-
-    // we use the mask alpha if it has alpha
-    if (maskHasAlpha) {
-      mask = mask.extract_band(mask.bands() - 1, VImage::option()->set("n", 1));;
-    }
-
-    // Split dst into an optional alpha
-    VImage dstAlpha = dst.extract_band(dst.bands() - 1, VImage::option()->set("n", 1));
-
-    // we use the dst non-alpha
-    dst = dst.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", dst.bands() - 1));
-
-    // the range of the mask and the image need to match .. one could be
-    // 16-bit, one 8-bit
-    double const dstMax = MaximumImageAlpha(dst.interpretation());
-    double const maskMax = MaximumImageAlpha(mask.interpretation());
-
-    // combine the new mask and the existing alpha ... there are
-    // many ways of doing this, mult is the simplest
-    mask = dstMax * ((mask / maskMax) * (dstAlpha / dstMax));
-
-    // append the mask to the image data ... the mask might be float now,
-    // we must cast the format down to match the image data
-    return dst.bandjoin(mask.cast(dst.format()));
-  }
-
   /*
    * Tint an image using the specified chroma, preserving the original image luminance
    */
@@ -309,6 +185,29 @@ namespace sharp {
           0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
   }
 
+  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation, int const hue) {
+    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+      // Separate alpha channel
+      VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+      return RemoveAlpha(image)
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1},
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
+        .bandjoin(alpha);
+    } else {
+      return image
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1 },
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
+    }
+  }
+
   /*
    * Sharpen flat and jagged areas. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast sharpen.
    */
@@ -359,17 +258,30 @@ namespace sharp {
     Trim an image
   */
   VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold) {
+    if (image.width() < 3 && image.height() < 3) {
+      throw VError("Image to trim must be at least 3x3 pixels");
+    }
     // Top-left pixel provides the background colour
     VImage background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
     if (HasAlpha(background)) {
       background = background.flatten();
     }
-    int top, width, height;
-    int const left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+    int left, top, width, height;
+    left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
       ->set("background", background(0, 0))
       ->set("threshold", threshold));
     if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
-      throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
+      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+        // Search alpha channel
+        VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+        VImage backgroundAlpha = alpha.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
+        left = alpha.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+          ->set("background", backgroundAlpha(0, 0))
+          ->set("threshold", threshold));
+      }
+      if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
+        throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
+      }
     }
     return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
   }

src/operations.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -35,27 +35,6 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image);
 
-  /*
-    Alpha composite src over dst with given gravity.
-    Assumes alpha channels are already premultiplied and will be unpremultiplied after.
-   */
-  VImage Composite(VImage src, VImage dst, const int gravity);
-
-  /*
-    Composite overlayImage over image at given position
-   */
-  VImage Composite(VImage image, VImage overlayImage, int const x, int const y);
-
-  /*
-    Alpha composite overlayImage over image, assumes matching dimensions
-  */
-  VImage AlphaComposite(VImage image, VImage overlayImage);
-
-  /*
-    Cutout src over dst with given gravity.
-  */
-  VImage Cutout(VImage src, VImage dst, const int gravity);
-
   /*
    * Tint an image using the specified chroma, preserving the original image luminance
    */
@@ -118,6 +97,11 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &matrix);
 
+  /*
+   * Modulate brightness, saturation and hue
+   */
+  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation, int const hue);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_OPERATIONS_H_

src/pipeline.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 #include <node.h>
@@ -30,6 +32,20 @@
 #include "operations.h"
 #include "pipeline.h"
 
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT __stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION _stat64
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat
+#else
+#define STAT64_STRUCT stat64
+#define STAT64_FUNCTION stat64
+#endif
+
 class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
  public:
   PipelineWorker(
@@ -57,28 +73,11 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     // Increment processing task counter
     g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterProcess);
 
-    std::map<VipsInterpretation, std::string> profileMap;
-    // Default sRGB ICC profile from https://packages.debian.org/sid/all/icc-profiles-free/filelist
-    profileMap.insert(
-      std::pair<VipsInterpretation, std::string>(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB,
-                                                 baton->iccProfilePath + "sRGB.icc"));
-    // Convert to sRGB using default CMYK profile from http://www.argyllcms.com/cmyk.icm
-    profileMap.insert(
-      std::pair<VipsInterpretation, std::string>(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK,
-                                                 baton->iccProfilePath + "cmyk.icm"));
-
     try {
       // Open input
       vips::VImage image;
       ImageType inputImageType;
-      std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input, baton->accessMethod);
-
-      // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
-      // Ignore if 0
-      if (baton->limitInputPixels > 0 && image.width() * image.height() > baton->limitInputPixels) {
-        (baton->err).append("Input image exceeds pixel limit");
-        return Error();
-      }
+      std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
 
       // Calculate angle of rotation
       VipsAngle rotation;
@@ -94,9 +93,16 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Rotate pre-extract
-      if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
-        image = image.rot(rotation);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract) {
+        if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          image = image.rot(rotation);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        }
+        if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+          std::vector<double> background;
+          std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
+          image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+        }
       }
 
       // Trim
@@ -120,6 +126,17 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         std::swap(inputWidth, inputHeight);
       }
 
+      // If withoutEnlargement is specified,
+      // Override target width and height if exceeds respective value from input file
+      if (baton->withoutEnlargement) {
+        if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
+          baton->width = inputWidth;
+        }
+        if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
+          baton->height = inputHeight;
+        }
+      }
+
       // Scaling calculations
       double xfactor = 1.0;
       double yfactor = 1.0;
@@ -207,21 +224,6 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       double xresidual = static_cast<double>(xshrink) / xfactor;
       double yresidual = static_cast<double>(yshrink) / yfactor;
 
-      // Do not enlarge the output if the input width *or* height
-      // are already less than the required dimensions
-      if (baton->withoutEnlargement) {
-        if (inputWidth < baton->width || inputHeight < baton->height) {
-          xfactor = 1.0;
-          yfactor = 1.0;
-          xshrink = 1;
-          yshrink = 1;
-          xresidual = 1.0;
-          yresidual = 1.0;
-          baton->width = inputWidth;
-          baton->height = inputHeight;
-        }
-      }
-
       // If integral x and y shrink are equal, try to use shrink-on-load for JPEG and WebP,
       // but not when applying gamma correction, pre-resize extract or trim
       int shrink_on_load = 1;
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (shrink_on_load > 1) {
         // Reload input using shrink-on-load
         vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-          ->set("access", baton->accessMethod)
+          ->set("access", baton->input->access)
           ->set("shrink", shrink_on_load)
           ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
         if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
@@ -297,20 +299,23 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       }
 
       // Ensure we're using a device-independent colour space
-      if (sharp::HasProfile(image) && image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABS) {
+      if (
+        sharp::HasProfile(image) &&
+        image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LABS &&
+        image.interpretation() != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_GREY16
+      ) {
         // Convert to sRGB using embedded profile
         try {
-          image = image.icc_transform(
-            const_cast<char*>(profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB].data()), VImage::option()
+          image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
             ->set("embedded", TRUE)
+            ->set("depth", image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB16 ? 16 : 8)
             ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
         } catch(...) {
           // Ignore failure of embedded profile
         }
       } else if (image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK) {
-        image = image.icc_transform(
-          const_cast<char*>(profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB].data()), VImage::option()
-          ->set("input_profile", profileMap[VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK].data())
+        image = image.icc_transform("srgb", VImage::option()
+          ->set("input_profile", "cmyk")
           ->set("intent", VIPS_INTENT_PERCEPTUAL));
       }
 
@@ -343,30 +348,20 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
       }
 
-      // Ensure image has an alpha channel when there is an overlay with an alpha channel
-      VImage overlayImage;
-      ImageType overlayImageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
-      bool shouldOverlayWithAlpha = FALSE;
-      if (baton->overlay != nullptr) {
-        std::tie(overlayImage, overlayImageType) = OpenInput(baton->overlay, baton->accessMethod);
-        if (HasAlpha(overlayImage)) {
-          shouldOverlayWithAlpha = !baton->overlayCutout;
-          if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
-            double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
-            image = image.bandjoin(
-              VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
       bool const shouldResize = xfactor != 1.0 || yfactor != 1.0;
       bool const shouldBlur = baton->blurSigma != 0.0;
       bool const shouldConv = baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight > 0;
       bool const shouldSharpen = baton->sharpenSigma != 0.0;
       bool const shouldApplyMedian = baton->medianSize > 0;
+      bool const shouldComposite = !baton->composite.empty();
+      bool const shouldModulate = baton->brightness != 1.0 || baton->saturation != 1.0 || baton->hue != 0.0;
+
+      if (shouldComposite && !HasAlpha(image)) {
+        image = sharp::EnsureAlpha(image);
+      }
 
       bool const shouldPremultiplyAlpha = HasAlpha(image) &&
-        (shouldResize || shouldBlur || shouldConv || shouldSharpen || shouldOverlayWithAlpha);
+        (shouldResize || shouldBlur || shouldConv || shouldSharpen || shouldComposite);
 
       // Premultiply image alpha channel before all transformations to avoid
       // dark fringing around bright pixels
@@ -399,22 +394,23 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           ->set("kernel", kernel));
       }
 
-      // Rotate
-      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
-        image = image.rot(rotation);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&  rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+          image = image.rot(rotation);
+          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
+
       // Flip (mirror about Y axis)
       if (baton->flip) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
       // Flop (mirror about X axis)
       if (baton->flop) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
-        sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
       // Join additional color channels to the image
@@ -423,7 +419,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         ImageType joinImageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
 
         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < baton->joinChannelIn.size(); i++) {
-          std::tie(joinImage, joinImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->joinChannelIn[i], baton->accessMethod);
+          std::tie(joinImage, joinImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->joinChannelIn[i]);
           image = image.bandjoin(joinImage);
         }
         image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", baton->colourspace));
@@ -476,7 +472,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
               baton->height = image.height();
             }
             image = image.tilecache(VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", baton->accessMethod)
+              ->set("access", VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM)
               ->set("threaded", TRUE));
             image = image.smartcrop(baton->width, baton->height, VImage::option()
               ->set("interesting", baton->position == 16 ? VIPS_INTERESTING_ENTROPY : VIPS_INTERESTING_ATTENTION));
@@ -487,8 +483,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         }
       }
 
-      // Rotate by degree
-      if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+      // Rotate post-extract non-90 angle
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground);
         image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
@@ -539,77 +535,76 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         image = sharp::Recomb(image, baton->recombMatrix);
       }
 
+      if (shouldModulate) {
+        image = sharp::Modulate(image, baton->brightness, baton->saturation, baton->hue);
+      }
+
       // Sharpen
       if (shouldSharpen) {
         image = sharp::Sharpen(image, baton->sharpenSigma, baton->sharpenFlat, baton->sharpenJagged);
       }
 
-      // Composite with overlay, if present
-      if (baton->overlay != nullptr) {
-        // Verify overlay image is within current dimensions
-        if (overlayImage.width() > image.width() || overlayImage.height() > image.height()) {
-          throw vips::VError("Overlay image must have same dimensions or smaller");
-        }
-        // Check if overlay is tiled
-        if (baton->overlayTile) {
-          int const overlayImageWidth = overlayImage.width();
-          int const overlayImageHeight = overlayImage.height();
-          int across = 0;
-          int down = 0;
-          // Use gravity in overlay
-          if (overlayImageWidth <= baton->width) {
-            across = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.width()) / overlayImageWidth));
+      // Composite
+      if (shouldComposite) {
+        for (Composite *composite : baton->composite) {
+          VImage compositeImage;
+          ImageType compositeImageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
+          std::tie(compositeImage, compositeImageType) = OpenInput(composite->input);
+          // Verify within current dimensions
+          if (compositeImage.width() > image.width() || compositeImage.height() > image.height()) {
+            throw vips::VError("Image to composite must have same dimensions or smaller");
           }
-          if (overlayImageHeight <= baton->height) {
-            down = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.height()) / overlayImageHeight));
-          }
-          if (across != 0 || down != 0) {
-            int left;
-            int top;
-            overlayImage = overlayImage.replicate(across, down);
-            if (baton->overlayXOffset >= 0 && baton->overlayYOffset >= 0) {
-              // the overlayX/YOffsets will now be used to CalculateCrop for extract_area
-              std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
-                overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(),
-                baton->overlayXOffset, baton->overlayYOffset);
-            } else {
-              // the overlayGravity will now be used to CalculateCrop for extract_area
-              std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
-                overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(), baton->overlayGravity);
+          // Check if overlay is tiled
+          if (composite->tile) {
+            int across = 0;
+            int down = 0;
+            // Use gravity in overlay
+            if (compositeImage.width() <= baton->width) {
+              across = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.width()) / compositeImage.width()));
             }
-            overlayImage = overlayImage.extract_area(left, top, image.width(), image.height());
-          }
-          // the overlayGravity was used for extract_area, therefore set it back to its default value of 0
-          baton->overlayGravity = 0;
-        }
-        if (baton->overlayCutout) {
-          // 'cut out' the image, premultiplication is not required
-          image = sharp::Cutout(overlayImage, image, baton->overlayGravity);
-        } else {
-          // Ensure overlay is sRGB
-          overlayImage = overlayImage.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
-          // Ensure overlay matches premultiplication state
-          if (shouldPremultiplyAlpha) {
-            // Ensure overlay has alpha channel
-            if (!HasAlpha(overlayImage)) {
-              double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(overlayImage.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
-              overlayImage = overlayImage.bandjoin(
-                VImage::new_matrix(overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
+            if (compositeImage.height() <= baton->height) {
+              down = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<double>(image.height()) / compositeImage.height()));
             }
-            overlayImage = overlayImage.premultiply();
+            if (across != 0 || down != 0) {
+              int left;
+              int top;
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.replicate(across, down);
+              if (composite->left >= 0 && composite->top >= 0) {
+                std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
+                  compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(),
+                  composite->left, composite->top);
+              } else {
+                std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
+                  compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), image.width(), image.height(), composite->gravity);
+              }
+              compositeImage = compositeImage.extract_area(left, top, image.width(), image.height());
+            }
+            // gravity was used for extract_area, set it back to its default value of 0
+            composite->gravity = 0;
           }
+          // Ensure image to composite is sRGB with premultiplied alpha
+          compositeImage = compositeImage.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
+          if (!HasAlpha(compositeImage)) {
+            compositeImage = sharp::EnsureAlpha(compositeImage);
+          }
+          if (!composite->premultiplied) compositeImage = compositeImage.premultiply();
+          // Calculate position
           int left;
           int top;
-          if (baton->overlayXOffset >= 0 && baton->overlayYOffset >= 0) {
-            // Composite images at given offsets
+          if (composite->left >= 0 && composite->top >= 0) {
+            // Composite image at given offsets
             std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(image.width(), image.height(),
-              overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height(), baton->overlayXOffset, baton->overlayYOffset);
+              compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), composite->left, composite->top);
           } else {
-            // Composite images with given gravity
+            // Composite image with given gravity
             std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(image.width(), image.height(),
-              overlayImage.width(), overlayImage.height(), baton->overlayGravity);
+              compositeImage.width(), compositeImage.height(), composite->gravity);
           }
-          image = sharp::Composite(image, overlayImage, left, top);
+          // Composite
+          image = image.composite2(compositeImage, composite->mode, VImage::option()
+            ->set("premultiplied", TRUE)
+            ->set("x", left)
+            ->set("y", top));
         }
       }
 
@@ -644,7 +639,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->boolean != nullptr) {
         VImage booleanImage;
         ImageType booleanImageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
-        std::tie(booleanImage, booleanImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->boolean, baton->accessMethod);
+        std::tie(booleanImage, booleanImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->boolean);
         image = sharp::Boolean(image, booleanImage, baton->booleanOp);
       }
 
@@ -690,15 +685,15 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         // Convert colourspace, pass the current known interpretation so libvips doesn't have to guess
         image = image.colourspace(baton->colourspace, VImage::option()->set("source_space", image.interpretation()));
         // Transform colours from embedded profile to output profile
-        if (baton->withMetadata && sharp::HasProfile(image) && profileMap[baton->colourspace] != std::string()) {
-          image = image.icc_transform(const_cast<char*>(profileMap[baton->colourspace].data()),
+        if (baton->withMetadata && sharp::HasProfile(image)) {
+          image = image.icc_transform(vips_enum_nick(VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, baton->colourspace),
             VImage::option()->set("embedded", TRUE));
         }
       }
 
       // Override EXIF Orientation tag
       if (baton->withMetadata && baton->withMetadataOrientation != -1) {
-        sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
+        image = sharp::SetExifOrientation(image, baton->withMetadataOrientation);
       }
 
       // Number of channels used in output image
@@ -757,6 +752,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@@ -790,6 +787,18 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
           vips_area_unref(area);
           baton->formatOut = "tiff";
           baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to buffer
+          VipsArea *area = VIPS_AREA(image.heifsave_buffer(VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless)));
+          baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
+          baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
+          area->free_fn = nullptr;
+          vips_area_unref(area);
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "raw" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == ImageType::RAW)) {
           // Write raw, uncompressed image data to buffer
           if (baton->greyscale || image.interpretation() == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W) {
@@ -824,6 +833,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         bool const isPng = sharp::IsPng(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isWebp = sharp::IsWebp(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isTiff = sharp::IsTiff(baton->fileOut);
+        bool const isHeif = sharp::IsHeif(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isDz = sharp::IsDz(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isDzZip = sharp::IsDzZip(baton->fileOut);
         bool const isV = sharp::IsV(baton->fileOut);
@@ -868,6 +878,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("Q", baton->webpQuality)
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
+            ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
+            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality));
           baton->formatOut = "webp";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
@@ -890,6 +902,18 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres));
           baton->formatOut = "tiff";
           baton->channels = std::min(baton->channels, 3);
+        } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (mightMatchInput && isHeif) ||
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == ImageType::HEIF)) {
+          // Write HEIF to file
+          if (sharp::IsAvif(baton->fileOut)) {
+            baton->heifCompression = VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_AV1;
+          }
+          image.heifsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
+            ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
+            ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless));
+          baton->formatOut = "heif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "dz" || isDz || isDzZip) {
           if (isDzZip) {
             baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
@@ -908,7 +932,9 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
               {"Q", std::to_string(baton->webpQuality)},
               {"alpha_q", std::to_string(baton->webpAlphaQuality)},
               {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-              {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"}
+              {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
+              {"reduction_effort", std::to_string(baton->webpReductionEffort)}
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".webp", options);
           } else {
@@ -927,22 +953,26 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(extname, options);
           }
+          // Remove alpha channel from tile background if image does not contain an alpha channel
+          if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
+            baton->tileBackground.pop_back();
+          }
           // Write DZ to file
           vips::VOption *options = VImage::option()
-                                       ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
-                                       ->set("tile_size", baton->tileSize)
-                                       ->set("overlap", baton->tileOverlap)
-                                       ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
-                                       ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
-                                       ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
-                                       ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle));
-
+            ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
+            ->set("tile_size", baton->tileSize)
+            ->set("overlap", baton->tileOverlap)
+            ->set("container", baton->tileContainer)
+            ->set("layout", baton->tileLayout)
+            ->set("suffix", const_cast<char*>(suffix.data()))
+            ->set("angle", CalculateAngleRotation(baton->tileAngle))
+            ->set("background", baton->tileBackground)
+            ->set("skip_blanks", baton->tileSkipBlanks);
           // libvips chooses a default depth based on layout. Instead of replicating that logic here by
           // not passing anything - libvips will handle choice
           if (baton->tileDepth < VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {
             options->set("depth", baton->tileDepth);
           }
-
           image.dzsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), options);
           baton->formatOut = "dz";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "v" || (mightMatchInput && isV) ||
@@ -958,7 +988,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         }
       }
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
-      (baton->err).append(err.what());
+      char const *what = err.what();
+      if (what && what[0]) {
+        (baton->err).append(what);
+      } else {
+        (baton->err).append("Unknown error");
+      }
     }
     // Clean up libvips' per-request data and threads
     vips_error_clear();
@@ -1015,8 +1050,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         argv[2] = info;
       } else {
         // Add file size to info
-        GStatBuf st;
-        if (g_stat(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
+        struct STAT64_STRUCT st;
+        if (STAT64_FUNCTION(baton->fileOut.data(), &st) == 0) {
           Set(info, New("size").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(static_cast<uint32_t>(st.st_size)));
         }
         argv[1] = info;
@@ -1029,13 +1064,17 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         GetFromPersistent(index);
         return index + 1;
       });
+
+    // Delete baton
     delete baton->input;
-    delete baton->overlay;
     delete baton->boolean;
-    for_each(baton->joinChannelIn.begin(), baton->joinChannelIn.end(),
-      [this](sharp::InputDescriptor *joinChannelIn) {
-        delete joinChannelIn;
-      });
+    for (Composite *composite : baton->composite) {
+      delete composite->input;
+      delete composite;
+    }
+    for (sharp::InputDescriptor *input : baton->joinChannelIn) {
+      delete input;
+    }
     delete baton;
 
     // Handle warnings
@@ -1147,13 +1186,6 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
 
   // Input
   baton->input = CreateInputDescriptor(AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
-
-  // ICC profile to use when input CMYK image has no embedded profile
-  baton->iccProfilePath = AttrAsStr(options, "iccProfilePath");
-  baton->accessMethod = AttrTo<bool>(options, "sequentialRead") ?
-    VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
-  // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
-  baton->limitInputPixels = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "limitInputPixels");
   // Extract image options
   baton->topOffsetPre = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "topOffsetPre");
   baton->leftOffsetPre = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "leftOffsetPre");
@@ -1182,14 +1214,22 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   // Tint chroma
   baton->tintA = AttrTo<double>(options, "tintA");
   baton->tintB = AttrTo<double>(options, "tintB");
-  // Overlay options
-  if (HasAttr(options, "overlay")) {
-    baton->overlay = CreateInputDescriptor(AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "overlay"), buffersToPersist);
-    baton->overlayGravity = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "overlayGravity");
-    baton->overlayXOffset = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "overlayXOffset");
-    baton->overlayYOffset = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "overlayYOffset");
-    baton->overlayTile = AttrTo<bool>(options, "overlayTile");
-    baton->overlayCutout = AttrTo<bool>(options, "overlayCutout");
+  // Composite
+  v8::Local<v8::Array> compositeArray = Nan::Get(options, Nan::New("composite").ToLocalChecked())
+    .ToLocalChecked().As<v8::Array>();
+  int const compositeArrayLength = AttrTo<uint32_t>(compositeArray, "length");
+  for (int i = 0; i < compositeArrayLength; i++) {
+    v8::Local<v8::Object> compositeObject = Nan::Get(compositeArray, i).ToLocalChecked().As<v8::Object>();
+    Composite *composite = new Composite;
+    composite->input = CreateInputDescriptor(AttrAs<v8::Object>(compositeObject, "input"), buffersToPersist);
+    composite->mode = static_cast<VipsBlendMode>(
+      vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BLEND_MODE, AttrAsStr(compositeObject, "blend").data()));
+    composite->gravity = AttrTo<uint32_t>(compositeObject, "gravity");
+    composite->left = AttrTo<int32_t>(compositeObject, "left");
+    composite->top = AttrTo<int32_t>(compositeObject, "top");
+    composite->tile = AttrTo<bool>(compositeObject, "tile");
+    composite->premultiplied = AttrTo<bool>(compositeObject, "premultiplied");
+    baton->composite.push_back(composite);
   }
   // Resize options
   baton->withoutEnlargement = AttrTo<bool>(options, "withoutEnlargement");
@@ -1215,6 +1255,9 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->flattenBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "flattenBackground");
   baton->negate = AttrTo<bool>(options, "negate");
   baton->blurSigma = AttrTo<double>(options, "blurSigma");
+  baton->brightness = AttrTo<double>(options, "brightness");
+  baton->saturation = AttrTo<double>(options, "saturation");
+  baton->hue = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "hue");
   baton->medianSize = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "medianSize");
   baton->sharpenSigma = AttrTo<double>(options, "sharpenSigma");
   baton->sharpenFlat = AttrTo<double>(options, "sharpenFlat");
@@ -1300,6 +1343,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->webpAlphaQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "webpAlphaQuality");
   baton->webpLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpLossless");
   baton->webpNearLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpNearLossless");
+  baton->webpSmartSubsample = AttrTo<bool>(options, "webpSmartSubsample");
+  baton->webpReductionEffort = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "webpReductionEffort");
   baton->tiffQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tiffQuality");
   baton->tiffPyramid = AttrTo<bool>(options, "tiffPyramid");
   baton->tiffSquash = AttrTo<bool>(options, "tiffSquash");
@@ -1315,12 +1360,18 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
   baton->tiffPredictor = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffPredictor>(
   vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR,
     AttrAsStr(options, "tiffPredictor").data()));
-
+  baton->heifQuality = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "heifQuality");
+  baton->heifLossless = AttrTo<bool>(options, "heifLossless");
+  baton->heifCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignHeifCompression>(
+  vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION,
+    AttrAsStr(options, "heifCompression").data()));
   // Tile output
   baton->tileSize = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tileSize");
   baton->tileOverlap = AttrTo<uint32_t>(options, "tileOverlap");
   std::string tileContainer = AttrAsStr(options, "tileContainer");
   baton->tileAngle = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "tileAngle");
+  baton->tileBackground = AttrAsRgba(options, "tileBackground");
+  baton->tileSkipBlanks = AttrTo<int32_t>(options, "tileSkipBlanks");
   if (tileContainer == "zip") {
     baton->tileContainer = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_ZIP;
   } else {
@@ -1346,11 +1397,17 @@ NAN_METHOD(pipeline) {
     // signal that we do not want to pass any value to dzSave
     baton->tileDepth = VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST;
   }
+
   // Force random access for certain operations
-  if (baton->accessMethod == VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL && (
-    baton->trimThreshold > 0.0 || baton->normalise ||
-    baton->position == 16 || baton->position == 17)) {
-    baton->accessMethod = VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+  if (baton->input->access == VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL) {
+    if (
+      baton->trimThreshold > 0.0 ||
+      baton->normalise ||
+      baton->position == 16 || baton->position == 17 ||
+      baton->angle != 0 || baton->rotationAngle != 0.0
+    ) {
+      baton->input->access = VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    }
   }
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings

src/pipeline.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -34,20 +34,32 @@ enum class Canvas {
   IGNORE_ASPECT
 };
 
+struct Composite {
+  sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
+  VipsBlendMode mode;
+  int gravity;
+  int left;
+  int top;
+  bool tile;
+  bool premultiplied;
+
+  Composite():
+    input(nullptr),
+    mode(VIPS_BLEND_MODE_OVER),
+    gravity(0),
+    left(-1),
+    top(-1),
+    tile(false),
+    premultiplied(false) {}
+};
+
 struct PipelineBaton {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
-  std::string iccProfilePath;
-  int limitInputPixels;
   std::string formatOut;
   std::string fileOut;
   void *bufferOut;
   size_t bufferOutLength;
-  sharp::InputDescriptor *overlay;
-  int overlayGravity;
-  int overlayXOffset;
-  int overlayYOffset;
-  bool overlayTile;
-  bool overlayCutout;
+  std::vector<Composite *> composite;
   std::vector<sharp::InputDescriptor *> joinChannelIn;
   int topOffsetPre;
   int leftOffsetPre;
@@ -75,6 +87,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   std::vector<double> flattenBackground;
   bool negate;
   double blurSigma;
+  double brightness;
+  double saturation;
+  int hue;
   int medianSize;
   double sharpenSigma;
   double sharpenFlat;
@@ -103,7 +118,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendRight;
   std::vector<double> extendBackground;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
-  VipsAccess accessMethod;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
@@ -123,6 +137,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int webpAlphaQuality;
   bool webpNearLossless;
   bool webpLossless;
+  bool webpSmartSubsample;
+  int webpReductionEffort;
   int tiffQuality;
   VipsForeignTiffCompression tiffCompression;
   VipsForeignTiffPredictor tiffPredictor;
@@ -133,6 +149,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int tiffTileWidth;
   double tiffXres;
   double tiffYres;
+  int heifQuality;
+  int heifCompression;  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VipsForeignHeifCompression
+  bool heifLossless;
   std::string err;
   bool withMetadata;
   int withMetadataOrientation;
@@ -154,19 +173,14 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignDzLayout tileLayout;
   std::string tileFormat;
   int tileAngle;
+  std::vector<double> tileBackground;
+  int tileSkipBlanks;
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
 
   PipelineBaton():
     input(nullptr),
-    limitInputPixels(0),
     bufferOutLength(0),
-    overlay(nullptr),
-    overlayGravity(0),
-    overlayXOffset(-1),
-    overlayYOffset(-1),
-    overlayTile(false),
-    overlayCutout(false),
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
@@ -183,6 +197,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     flattenBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
     negate(false),
     blurSigma(0.0),
+    brightness(1.0),
+    saturation(1.0),
+    hue(0),
     medianSize(0),
     sharpenSigma(0.0),
     sharpenFlat(1.0),
@@ -225,6 +242,11 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     pngColours(256),
     pngDither(1.0),
     webpQuality(80),
+    webpAlphaQuality(100),
+    webpNearLossless(false),
+    webpLossless(false),
+    webpSmartSubsample(false),
+    webpReductionEffort(4),
     tiffQuality(80),
     tiffCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG),
     tiffPredictor(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL),
@@ -235,6 +257,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tiffTileWidth(256),
     tiffXres(1.0),
     tiffYres(1.0),
+    heifQuality(80),
+    heifCompression(1),  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_HEVC
+    heifLossless(false),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),
     convKernelWidth(0),
@@ -253,6 +278,8 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tileContainer(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_FS),
     tileLayout(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ),
     tileAngle(0),
+    tileBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 },
+    tileSkipBlanks(-1),
     tileDepth(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {}
 };
 

src/sharp.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -51,4 +51,4 @@ NAN_MODULE_INIT(init) {
     Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(stats)).ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
-NODE_MODULE(sharp, init)
+NAN_MODULE_WORKER_ENABLED(sharp, init)

src/stats.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
 
     try {
-      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input, baton->accessMethod);
+      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input);
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
       (baton->err).append(err.what());
     }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
 
       std::vector<ChannelStats>::iterator it;
       int i = 0;
-      for (it=baton->channelStats.begin() ; it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
+      for (it = baton->channelStats.begin(); it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
         v8::Local<v8::Object> channelStat = New<v8::Object>();
         Set(channelStat, New("min").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->min));
         Set(channelStat, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->max));
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         Set(channelStat, New("minY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minY));
         Set(channelStat, New("maxX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxX));
         Set(channelStat, New("maxY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxY));
-        channels->Set(i, channelStat);
+        Set(channels, i, channelStat);
       }
 
       Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), channels);
@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ NAN_METHOD(stats) {
 
   // Input
   baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
-  baton->accessMethod = AttrTo<bool>(options, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
   Nan::Callback *debuglog = new Nan::Callback(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Function>(options, "debuglog"));

src/stats.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ struct ChannelStats {
 struct StatsBaton {
   // Input
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
-  VipsAccess accessMethod;
 
   // Output
   std::vector<ChannelStats> channelStats;

src/utilities.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -150,8 +150,9 @@ NAN_METHOD(format) {
 
   // Which load/save operations are available for each compressed format?
   Local<Object> format = New<Object>();
-  for (std::string f : {
-    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz", "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "pdf", "v"
+  for (std::string const f : {
+    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips"
   }) {
     // Input
     Local<Boolean> hasInputFile =

src/utilities.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

test/bench/package.json

@@ -8,17 +8,16 @@
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^2.6.1",
+    "async": "^3.1.0",
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
     "gm": "^1.23.1",
     "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
-    "imagemagick-native": "^1.9.3",
-    "jimp": "^0.5.3",
-    "mapnik": "^4.0.1",
-    "semver": "^5.5.1"
+    "jimp": "^0.9.3",
+    "mapnik": "^4.3.1",
+    "semver": "^7.1.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=6"
+    "node": ">=8.5.0"
   }
 }

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = require('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
-let imagemagickNative;
-try {
-  imagemagickNative = require('imagemagick-native');
-} catch (err) {
-  console.log('Excluding imagemagick-native');
-}
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
@@ -28,7 +22,7 @@ const height = 588;
 sharp.cache(false);
 
 async.series({
-  'jpeg': function (callback) {
+  jpeg: function (callback) {
     const inputJpgBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const jpegSuite = new Benchmark.Suite('jpeg');
     // jimp
@@ -126,29 +120,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      jpegSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputJpgBuffer,
-            quality: 80,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'JPEG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          }, function (err, buffer) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-              deferred.resolve();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     jpegSuite.add('gm-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -289,6 +260,9 @@ async.series({
           .then(function (buffer) {
             assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
             deferred.resolve();
+          })
+          .catch(function (err) {
+            throw err;
           });
       }
     }).on('cycle', function (event) {
@@ -486,8 +460,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add('sharp-sequentialRead', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .sequentialRead()
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer, { sequentialRead: true })
           .resize(width, height)
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
@@ -698,22 +671,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      pngSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputPngBuffer,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'PNG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          });
-          deferred.resolve();
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     pngSuite.add('gm-file-file', {
       defer: true,