Release v0.25.4

Default and non-default behaviour was mixed in the same paragraph,
leading to confusion about when an ICC profile might be expected.

.cirrus.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+freebsd_instance:
+  image_family: freebsd-13-0-snap
+
+task:
+  env:
+    IGNORE_OSVERSION: yes
+  prerequisites_script:
+    - pkg update -f
+    - pkg upgrade -y
+    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips node npm
+  install_script:
+    - npm install --unsafe-perm
+  test_script:
+    - npm test

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant
 
 | Release | WIP branch |
 | ------: | :--------- |
-| v0.24.0 | wit        |
-| v0.25.0 | yield      |
+| v0.26.0 | zoom       |
 
 Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/<wip-branch>`.
 
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ The public API is documented with [JSDoc](http://usejsdoc.org/) annotated commen
 
 These can be converted to Markdown by running:
 ```sh
-npm run docs
+npm run docs-build
 ```
 
 Please include documentation updates in any Pull Request that modifies the public API.

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+open_collective: libvips

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: Feature request
 about: Suggest an idea
-title: ''
 labels: enhancement
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 ---
 name: Installation
-about: For help if something went wrong installing sharp
-title: ''
-labels: ''
-assignees: ''
+about: Something went wrong during either 'npm install sharp' or 'require("sharp")'
+labels: installation
 
 ---
 
-What is the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`?
-
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
+Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install)?
 
 Have you ensured the platform and version of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the platform and version of Node.js used at runtime?
 
-If you're using `sudo npm install` have you tried with the `sudo npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
+
+If you are installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+
+If you are using the `ignore-scripts` feature of `npm`, have you tried with the `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag?
+
+What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`? Have you checked this output for useful error messages?
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 ---
 name: Possible bug
-about: Please provide steps to reproduce
-title: ''
-labels: ''
-assignees: ''
+about: Installation of sharp was successful but then something unexpected occurred using one of its features
+labels: triage
 
 ---
 
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
+Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
 
 What are the steps to reproduce?
 
 What is the expected behaviour?
 
-Are you able to provide a standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
+Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
 
 Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the problem?
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 ---
 name: Question
-about: For help with an existing feature
-title: ''
+about: For help understanding an existing feature
 labels: question
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
+<!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
+
 What are you trying to achieve?
 
 Have you searched for similar questions?
 
-Are you able to provide a standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
+Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
 
 Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the question?

.gitignore

@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ vendor
 .nyc_output
 .vscode/
 package-lock.json
+.idea
+.firebase

.npmignore

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-build
-node_modules
-coverage
-.editorconfig
-.gitattributes
-.gitignore
-test
-.travis.yml
-appveyor.yml
-mkdocs.yml
-docs/css/
-vendor
-.prebuildrc
-.nyc_output
-.github/
-.vscode/

.travis.yml

@@ -1,68 +1,178 @@
-matrix:
+jobs:
   include:
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 8"
+    - name: "Linux x64 (CentOS 7, glibc 2.17) - Node.js 10"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "8"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 10"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "10"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc) - Node 12"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: false
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "12"
-      after_success:
-        - npm install coveralls
-        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 8"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
-      language: minimal
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
       before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:8-alpine
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp centos:7
+        - sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | bash -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp yum install -y gcc-c++ make git nodejs
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (CentOS 7, glibc 2.17) - Node.js 12"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp centos:7
+        - sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | bash -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp yum install -y gcc-c++ make git nodejs
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (CentOS 7, glibc 2.17) - Node.js 13"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp centos:7
+        - sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_13.x | bash -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp yum install -y gcc-c++ make git nodejs
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (CentOS 7, glibc 2.17) - Node.js 14"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp centos:7
+        - sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | bash -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp yum install -y gcc-c++ make git nodejs
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp bash -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (Alpine 3.9, musl 1.1.20) - Node.js 10"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10.17.0-alpine3.9 # https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/issues/1158
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 10"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (Alpine 3.11, musl 1.1.20) - Node.js 12"
       os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10-alpine
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl) - Node 12"
-      os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: true
-      language: minimal
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
       before_install:
         - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:12.0-alpine
         - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
       install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
       script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 8"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (Alpine 3.11, musl 1.1.20) - Node.js 13"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:13.0-alpine
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux x64 (Alpine 3.11, musl 1.1.20) - Node.js 14"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:14.0-alpine
+        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (Debian 11, glibc 2.29) - Node.js 10"
+      arch: arm64
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 curl"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_10.x buster main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (Debian 11, glibc 2.29) - Node.js 12"
+      arch: arm64
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 curl"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x buster main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (Debian 11, glibc 2.29) - Node.js 13"
+      arch: arm64
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 curl"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_13.x buster main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (Debian 11, glibc 2.29) - Node.js 14"
+      arch: arm64
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: shell
+      before_install:
+        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 curl"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_14.x buster main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+        - sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
+      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+
+    - name: "macOS (10.13) - Node.js 10"
       os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "8"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 10"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
       language: node_js
       node_js: "10"
-    - name: "OS X - Node 12"
+
+    - name: "macOS (10.13) - Node.js 12"
       os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.2
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
       language: node_js
       node_js: "12"
+
+    - name: "macOS (10.13) - Node.js 13"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "13"
+
+    - name: "macOS (10.13) - Node.js 14"
+      os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode10.1
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "14"
+
+    - name: "Unit test coverage report"
+      os: linux
+      dist: bionic
+      language: node_js
+      node_js: "13"
+      before_install: unset PREBUILD_TOKEN
+      after_success:
+        - npm install coveralls
+        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
+
+cache:
+  npm: false

README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lovell/sharp/master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg?sanitize=true" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
-
-```sh
-npm install sharp
-```
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
 smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
 
 Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
 Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
@@ -19,12 +16,15 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 8, 10 and 12
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js v10+
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ## Examples
 
+```sh
+npm install sharp
+```
+
 ```javascript
 const sharp = require('sharp');
 ```
@@ -85,14 +85,15 @@ readableStream
 ```
 
 [![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
+[![N-API v3](https://img.shields.io/badge/N--API-v3-green.svg)](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html#n_api_n_api_version_matrix)
 
 ### Documentation
 
 Visit [sharp.pixelplumbing.com](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) for complete
-[installation instructions](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install),
-[API documentation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/api),
-[benchmark tests](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/performance) and
-[changelog](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/changelog).
+[installation instructions](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install),
+[API documentation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-constructor),
+[benchmark tests](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/performance) and
+[changelog](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/changelog).
 
 ### Contributing
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
-os: Visual Studio 2015
+os: Visual Studio 2017
 version: "{build}"
 build: off
-platform: x64
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "8"
   - nodejs_version: "10"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "10"
+    platform: x64
   - nodejs_version: "12"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "12"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "13"
+    platform: x64
+  - nodejs_version: "14"
+    platform: x86
+  - nodejs_version: "14"
+    platform: x64
 install:
-  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version) x64
-  - npm install -g npm@6
+  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version) $env:platform
   - npm install
 test_script:
   - npm test

binding.gyp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
         ],
         'sources': [
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp',
+          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp'
         ],
@@ -28,7 +29,22 @@
           'Release': {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-                'ExceptionHandling': 1
+                'ExceptionHandling': 1,
+                'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
+              },
+              'VCLibrarianTool': {
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
+              },
+              'VCLinkerTool': {
+                'ImageHasSafeExceptionHandlers': 'false',
+                'OptimizeReferences': 2,
+                'EnableCOMDATFolding': 2,
+                'LinkIncremental': 1,
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
               }
             },
             'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
@@ -43,7 +59,11 @@
     ]
   }, {
     'target_name': 'sharp',
+    'defines': [
+      'NAPI_VERSION=3'
+    ],
     'dependencies': [
+      '<!(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').gyp")',
       'libvips-cpp'
     ],
     'variables': {
@@ -64,11 +84,11 @@
       'src/stats.cc',
       'src/operations.cc',
       'src/pipeline.cc',
-      'src/sharp.cc',
-      'src/utilities.cc'
+      'src/utilities.cc',
+      'src/sharp.cc'
     ],
     'include_dirs': [
-      '<!(node -e "require(\'nan\')")'
+      '<!@(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').include")',
     ],
     'conditions': [
       ['use_global_libvips == "true"', {
@@ -113,7 +133,7 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libglib-2.0.0.dylib',
               '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib',
               # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
-              '-rpath \'@loader_path/../../vendor/lib\''
+              '-Wl,-s -rpath \'@loader_path/../../vendor/lib\''
             ]
           }],
           ['OS == "linux"', {
@@ -127,7 +147,6 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.so',
               # Dependencies of dependencies, included for openSUSE support
               '../vendor/lib/libcairo.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libcroco-0.6.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libexif.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libexpat.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libffi.so',
@@ -157,7 +176,7 @@
               '../vendor/lib/libxml2.so',
               '../vendor/lib/libz.so',
               # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
-              '-Wl,--disable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath=\'$${ORIGIN}/../../vendor/lib\''
+              '-Wl,-s -Wl,--disable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath=\'$${ORIGIN}/../../vendor/lib\''
             ]
           }]
         ]
@@ -183,16 +202,42 @@
     },
     'configurations': {
       'Release': {
-        'cflags_cc': [
-          '-Wno-cast-function-type'
-        ],
-        'msvs_settings': {
-          'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-            'ExceptionHandling': 1
-          }
-        },
-        'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
-          4275
+        'conditions': [
+          ['OS == "linux"', {
+            'cflags_cc': [
+              '-Wno-cast-function-type'
+            ]
+          }],
+          ['target_arch == "arm"', {
+            'cflags_cc': [
+              '-Wno-psabi'
+            ]
+          }],
+          ['OS == "win"', {
+            'msvs_settings': {
+              'VCCLCompilerTool': {
+                'ExceptionHandling': 1,
+                'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
+              },
+              'VCLibrarianTool': {
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
+              },
+              'VCLinkerTool': {
+                'ImageHasSafeExceptionHandlers': 'false',
+                'OptimizeReferences': 2,
+                'EnableCOMDATFolding': 2,
+                'LinkIncremental': 1,
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
+              4275
+            ]
+          }]
         ]
       }
     },

docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# sharp
+
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+
+The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
+is to convert large images in common formats to
+smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
+
+Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
+quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
+due to its use of [libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips).
+
+Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
+Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
+
+As well as image resizing, operations such as
+rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
+
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js v10+
+do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
+
+### Formats
+
+This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF and SVG images.
+
+Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
+
+Streams, Buffer objects and the filesystem can be used for input and output.
+
+A single input Stream can be split into multiple processing pipelines and output Streams.
+
+Deep Zoom image pyramids can be generated,
+suitable for use with "slippy map" tile viewers like
+[OpenSeadragon](https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon).
+
+### Fast
+
+This module is powered by the blazingly fast
+[libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips) image processing library,
+originally created in 1989 at Birkbeck College
+and currently maintained by a small team led by
+[John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt).
+
+Only small regions of uncompressed image data
+are held in memory and processed at a time,
+taking full advantage of multiple CPU cores and L1/L2/L3 cache.
+
+Everything remains non-blocking thanks to _libuv_,
+no child processes are spawned and Promises/async/await are supported.
+
+### Optimal
+
+Huffman tables are optimised when generating JPEG output images
+without having to use separate command line tools like
+[jpegoptim](https://github.com/tjko/jpegoptim) and
+[jpegtran](http://jpegclub.org/jpegtran/).
+
+PNG filtering is disabled by default,
+which for diagrams and line art often produces the same result
+as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
+
+### Contributing
+
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
+
+### Licensing
+
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

docs/api-channel.md

@@ -32,22 +32,27 @@ sharp('rgb.jpg')
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.21.2
+
 ## extractChannel
 
 Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `channel` **([Number][1] \| [String][2])** zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
+-   `channel` **([number][1] \| [string][2])** zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`.
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
   .extractChannel('green')
-  .toFile('input_green.jpg', function(err, info) {
+  .toColourspace('b-w')
+  .toFile('green.jpg', function(err, info) {
     // info.channels === 1
-    // input_green.jpg contains the green channel of the input image
+    // green.jpg is a greyscale image containing the green channel of the input
    });
 ```
 
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, whic
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `images` **([Array][4]<([String][2] \| [Buffer][5])> | [String][2] \| [Buffer][5])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
+-   `images` **([Array][4]<([string][2] \| [Buffer][5])> | [string][2] \| [Buffer][5])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
 -   `options` **[Object][6]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
 
 
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ Perform a bitwise boolean operation on all input image channels (bands) to produ
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `boolOp` **[String][2]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+-   `boolOp` **[string][2]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
 
 ### Examples
 

docs/api-colour.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `rgb` **([String][1] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
+-   `rgb` **([string][1] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameter
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels inte
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `colourspace` **[String][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][6]
+-   `colourspace` **[string][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][6]
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `colorspace` **[String][1]?** output colorspace.
+-   `colorspace` **[string][1]?** output colorspace.
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
 ### Parameters
 
 -   `images` **[Array][3]<[Object][4]>** Ordered list of images to composite
-    -   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] \| [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
+    -   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] \| [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below)
         -   `images[].input.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
             -   `images[].input.create.width` **[Number][7]?** 
             -   `images[].input.create.height` **[Number][7]?** 
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
     -   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
     -   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
     -   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
     -   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
     -   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
         -   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ sharp('input.png')
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.22.0
+
 [1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
 
 [2]: https://www.cairographics.org/operators/

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -2,27 +2,42 @@
 
 ## Sharp
 
+Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
+
+JPEG, PNG, WebP or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
+When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
+
+Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
+
+Implements the [stream.Duplex][1] class.
+
 ### Parameters
 
--   `input` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])?** if present, can be
+-   `input` **([Buffer][2] \| [string][3])?** if present, can be
      a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
-     a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+     a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
      JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
--   `options` **[Object][3]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+-   `options` **[Object][4]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+    -   `options.failOnError` **[boolean][5]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
          Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.density` **[Number][5]** number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.pages` **[Number][5]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
-    -   `options.page` **[Number][5]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][5]?** 1-4
-    -   `options.create` **[Object][3]?** describes a new image to be created.
-        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][5]?** 3-4
-        -   `options.create.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][3])?** parsed by the [color][6] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+    -   `options.limitInputPixels` **([number][6] \| [boolean][5])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+         (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
+         An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
+    -   `options.sequentialRead` **[boolean][5]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+         This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.density` **[number][6]** number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
+    -   `options.pages` **[number][6]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
+    -   `options.page` **[number][6]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.level` **[number][6]** level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.raw` **[Object][4]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
+        -   `options.raw.width` **[number][6]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.height` **[number][6]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.channels` **[number][6]?** 1-4
+    -   `options.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a new image to be created.
+        -   `options.create.width` **[number][6]?** 
+        -   `options.create.height` **[number][6]?** 
+        -   `options.create.channels` **[number][6]?** 3-4
+        -   `options.create.background` **([string][3] \| [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][7] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -63,59 +78,92 @@ sharp({
 .then( ... );
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][7]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][8]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
+Returns **[Sharp][9]** 
 
-### format
+## clone
 
-An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
-
-#### Examples
-
-```javascript
-console.log(sharp.format);
-```
-
-Returns **[Object][3]** 
-
-### versions
-
-An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
-
-#### Examples
-
-```javascript
-console.log(sharp.versions);
-```
-
-## queue
-
-An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
-
--   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
--   complete
+Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
+Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
+This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
-  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
-});
+const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
+pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
+pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
+readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+// firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
+// secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
 ```
 
-[1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+```javascript
+// Create a pipeline that will download an image, resize it and format it to different files
+// Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
+const fs = require("fs");
+const got = require("got");
+const sharpStream = sharp({
+  failOnError: false
+});
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+const promises = [];
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .jpeg({ quality: 100 })
+    .toFile("originalFile.jpg")
+);
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .resize({ width: 500 })
+    .jpeg({ quality: 80 })
+    .toFile("optimized-500.jpg")
+);
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .resize({ width: 500 })
+    .webp({ quality: 80 })
+    .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
+);
 
-[6]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+// https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
 
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+Promise.all(promises)
+  .then(res => { console.log("Done!", res); })
+  .catch(err => {
+    console.error("Error processing files, let's clean it up", err);
+    try {
+      fs.unlinkSync("originalFile.jpg");
+      fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.jpg");
+      fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.webp");
+    } catch (e) {}
+  });
+```
 
-[8]: #sharp
+Returns **[Sharp][9]** 
+
+[1]: http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex
+
+[2]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[7]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+
+[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+
+[9]: #sharp

docs/api-input.md

@@ -1,24 +1,5 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
-## clone
-
-Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
-Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
-This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
-pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
-pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
-readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
-// firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
-// secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
-```
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
 ## metadata
 
 Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
@@ -35,8 +16,11 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
 -   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
 -   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
--   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+-   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+-   `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+-   `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
 -   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
+-   `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
 -   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
 -   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
 -   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -44,6 +28,7 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 -   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
 -   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
 -   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+-   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 
 ### Parameters
 
@@ -84,8 +69,9 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
     -   `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
     -   `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
     -   `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
--   `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
+-   `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
 -   `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+-   `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
 
 ### Parameters
 
@@ -102,39 +88,15 @@ image
   });
 ```
 
+```javascript
+const { entropy, sharpness } = await sharp(input).stats();
+```
+
 Returns **[Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]>** 
 
-## limitInputPixels
+[1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation
 
-Do not process input images where the number of pixels (width x height) exceeds this limit.
-Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
-The default limit is 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF) pixels.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `limit` **([Number][7] \| [Boolean][8])** an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
-
-
--   Throws **[Error][9]** Invalid limit
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## sequentialRead
-
-An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to `VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL`.
-This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
-
-The default behaviour _before_ function call is `false`, meaning the libvips access method is not sequential.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `sequentialRead` **[Boolean][8]**  (optional, default `true`)
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-[1]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636
-
-[2]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672
+[2]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat
 
 [3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc
 
@@ -143,9 +105,3 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 [5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
 [6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ for example `rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `extract(y
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `angle` **[Number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
+-   `angle` **[number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
 -   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
+    -   `options.background` **([string][3] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is av
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
--   `flat` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `jagged` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
+-   `sigma` **[number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+-   `flat` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
+-   `jagged` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `size` **[Number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
+-   `size` **[number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+-   `sigma` **[number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
 ### Parameters
 
 -   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][2])** background colour, parsed by the [color][4] module, defaults to black. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0}`)
+    -   `options.background` **([string][3] \| [Object][2])** background colour, parsed by the [color][4] module, defaults to black. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0}`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ Supply a second argument to use a different output gamma value, otherwise the fi
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `gamma` **[Number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
--   `gammaOut` **[Number][1]?** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
+-   `gamma` **[number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
+-   `gammaOut` **[number][1]?** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ Convolve the image with the specified kernel.
 ### Parameters
 
 -   `kernel` **[Object][2]** 
-    -   `kernel.width` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.height` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]<[Number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
-    -   `kernel.scale` **[Number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
-    -   `kernel.offset` **[Number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `kernel.width` **[number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
+    -   `kernel.height` **[number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
+    -   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]<[number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
+    -   `kernel.scale` **[number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
+    -   `kernel.offset` **[number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ Any pixel value greather than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `threshold` **[Number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
+-   `threshold` **[number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
 -   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
     -   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][6]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
     -   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@ the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `operand` **([Buffer][8] \| [String][3])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
--   `operator` **[String][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+-   `operand` **([Buffer][8] \| [string][3])** Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file.
+-   `operator` **[string][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
 -   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
     -   `options.raw` **[Object][2]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][1]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][1]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][1]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.width` **[number][1]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.height` **[number][1]?** 
+        -   `options.raw.channels` **[number][1]?** 
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ Apply the linear formula a \* input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `a` **[Number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `b` **[Number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
+-   `a` **[number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
+-   `b` **[number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
@@ -264,8 +264,7 @@ Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `inputMatrix`  
--   `3x3` **[Array][7]<[Array][7]<[Number][1]>>** Recombination matrix
+-   `inputMatrix` **[Array][7]<[Array][7]<[number][1]>>** 3x3 Recombination matrix
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -287,6 +286,10 @@ sharp(input)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.21.1
+
 ## modulate
 
 Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
@@ -294,9 +297,9 @@ Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
 ### Parameters
 
 -   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.brightness` **[Number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
-    -   `options.saturation` **[Number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
-    -   `options.hue` **[Number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
+    -   `options.brightness` **[number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
+    -   `options.saturation` **[number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
+    -   `options.hue` **[number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -322,6 +325,10 @@ sharp(input)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.22.1
+
 [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
 [2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object

docs/api-output.md

@@ -8,12 +8,15 @@ If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the exten
 with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
+
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `fileOut` **[String][1]** the path to write the image data to.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
+-   `fileOut` **[string][2]** the path to write the image data to.
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
     `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
     `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
     When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
@@ -32,15 +35,19 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Object][5]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
 
 Write output to a Buffer.
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
-By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+
+By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
 
 `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
 
@@ -54,9 +61,9 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][6]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
--   `callback` **[Function][2]?** 
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+-   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -79,18 +86,20 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][4]<[Buffer][7]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
 
 Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
-The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
 This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
 
+The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
+sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
+
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.orientation` **[Number][8]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.orientation` **[number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -101,7 +110,29 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+## toFormat
+
+Force output to a given format.
+
+### Parameters
+
+-   `format` **([string][2] \| [Object][6])** as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+-   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Convert any input to PNG output
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .toFormat('png')
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -109,21 +140,23 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
+Some of these options require the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg.
+
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][1]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][6]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][6]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][6]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][6]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][8]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** for quality < 90, set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' (use chroma subsampling); for quality >= 90 chroma is never subsampled (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
+    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -137,7 +170,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -148,18 +181,20 @@ Use these PNG options for output image.
 PNG output is always full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
 Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 
+Some of these options require the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (GPL).
+
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][6]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][8]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
-    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][6]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][6]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.colours` **[Number][8]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.colors` **[Number][8]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.dither` **[Number][8]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[number][9]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
+    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.palette` **[boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.quality` **[number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -170,7 +205,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -180,14 +215,14 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][8]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][6]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][6]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.smartSubsample` **[Boolean][6]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.reductionEffort` **[Number][8]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.nearLossless` **[boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.smartSubsample` **[boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.reductionEffort` **[number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
+    -   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -198,7 +233,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -208,18 +243,18 @@ Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][6]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][6]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][6]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][6]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][6]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][6]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][6]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.xres` **[Number][8]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.yres` **[Number][8]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][6]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[boolean][7]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
+    -   `options.predictor` **[boolean][7]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
+    -   `options.pyramid` **[boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.tile` **[boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
+    -   `options.tileWidth` **[boolean][7]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.tileHeight` **[boolean][7]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.xres` **[number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.yres` **[number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    -   `options.squash` **[boolean][7]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -234,7 +269,7 @@ sharp('input.svg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -251,19 +286,25 @@ Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression for
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][8]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][6]** compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1 (optional, default `'hevc'`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][6]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+    -   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    -   `options.compression` **[boolean][7]** compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1 (optional, default `'hevc'`)
+    -   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
 
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid options
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+-   **since**: 0.23.0
+
 ## raw
 
-Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
+Force output to be raw, uncompressed, 8-bit unsigned integer (unit8) pixel data.
+Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
+Channel ordering will be RGB or RGBA for non-greyscale colourspaces.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -274,28 +315,16 @@ const { data, info } = await sharp('input.jpg')
   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
 ```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-## toFormat
-
-Force output to a given format.
-
-### Parameters
-
--   `format` **([String][1] \| [Object][5])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
--   `options` **[Object][5]** output options
-
-### Examples
-
 ```javascript
-// Convert any input to PNG output
-const data = await sharp(input)
-  .toFormat('png')
+// Extract alpha channel as raw pixel data from PNG input
+const data = await sharp('input.png')
+  .ensureAlpha()
+  .extractChannel(3)
+  .toColourspace('b-w')
+  .raw()
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** unsupported format or options
-
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## tile
@@ -308,14 +337,15 @@ Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][5]?** 
-    -   `options.size` **[Number][8]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.overlap` **[Number][8]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.angle` **[Number][8]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.depth` **[String][1]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
-    -   `options.skipBlanks` **[Number][8]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
-    -   `options.container` **[String][1]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    -   `options.layout` **[String][1]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+-   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+    -   `options.size` **[number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
+    -   `options.overlap` **[number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.angle` **[number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
+    -   `options.background` **([string][2] \| [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
+    -   `options.depth` **[string][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+    -   `options.skipBlanks` **[number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
+    -   `options.container` **[string][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    -   `options.layout` **[string][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -331,22 +361,26 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+-   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[1]: #withmetadata
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[7]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -6,19 +6,21 @@ Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
 
 When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
 
--   `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
--   `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
+-   `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+-   `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
 -   `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
 -   `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
 -   `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
-    Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
+
+Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
 
 When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
 
 -   `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
 -   `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
 -   `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
-    Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
+
+Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
 
 The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
 then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
@@ -36,8 +38,8 @@ Possible interpolation kernels are:
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `width` **[Number][8]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
--   `height` **[Number][8]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+-   `width` **[number][8]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+-   `height` **[number][8]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
 -   `options` **[Object][9]?** 
     -   `options.width` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
     -   `options.height` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
@@ -114,6 +116,15 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
+```javascript
+const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
+  .metadata()
+  .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
+    .resize(Math.round(width * 0.5))
+    .toBuffer()
+  );
+```
+
 -   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
@@ -125,11 +136,11 @@ This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `extend` **([Number][8] \| [Object][9])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
-    -   `extend.top` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.left` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.bottom` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.right` **[Number][8]?** 
+-   `extend` **([number][8] \| [Object][9])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+    -   `extend.top` **[number][8]?** 
+    -   `extend.left` **[number][8]?** 
+    -   `extend.bottom` **[number][8]?** 
+    -   `extend.right` **[number][8]?** 
     -   `extend.background` **([String][10] \| [Object][9])** background colour, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
 
 ### Examples
@@ -155,7 +166,7 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 ## extract
 
-Extract a region of the image.
+Extract/crop a region of the image.
 
 -   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
 -   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
@@ -164,10 +175,10 @@ Extract a region of the image.
 ### Parameters
 
 -   `options` **[Object][9]** describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
-    -   `options.left` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
-    -   `options.top` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
-    -   `options.width` **[Number][8]** width of region to extract
-    -   `options.height` **[Number][8]** height of region to extract
+    -   `options.left` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
+    -   `options.top` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
+    -   `options.width` **[number][8]** width of region to extract
+    -   `options.height` **[number][8]** height of region to extract
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -196,11 +207,13 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 ## trim
 
 Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+
 The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `threshold` **[Number][8]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
+-   `threshold` **[number][8]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
 
 
 -   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 <!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
 
+## format
+
+An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+console.log(sharp.format);
+```
+
+Returns **[Object][1]** 
+
+## versions
+
+An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+console.log(sharp.versions);
+```
+
 ## cache
 
 Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
@@ -9,10 +31,10 @@ useful for determining how much working memory is required for a particular task
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **([Object][1] \| [Boolean][2])** Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.memory` **[Number][3]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
-    -   `options.files` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
-    -   `options.items` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
+-   `options` **([Object][1] \| [boolean][2])** Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
+    -   `options.memory` **[number][3]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
+    -   `options.files` **[number][3]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
+    -   `options.items` **[number][3]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -42,7 +64,7 @@ This method always returns the current concurrency.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `concurrency` **[Number][3]?** 
+-   `concurrency` **[number][3]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -52,7 +74,22 @@ sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
 sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
 ```
 
-Returns **[Number][3]** concurrency
+Returns **[number][3]** concurrency
+
+## queue
+
+An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
+
+-   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
+-   complete
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
+  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+});
+```
 
 ## counters
 
@@ -79,7 +116,7 @@ by taking advantage of the SIMD vector unit of the CPU, e.g. Intel SSE and ARM N
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `simd` **[Boolean][2]**  (optional, default `true`)
+-   `simd` **[boolean][2]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -93,7 +130,7 @@ const simd = sharp.simd(false);
 // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
 ```
 
-Returns **[Boolean][2]** 
+Returns **[boolean][2]** 
 
 [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,10 +1,183 @@
 # Changelog
 
-### v0.23 - "*vision*"
+## v0.25 - *yield*
+
+Requires libvips v8.9.1
+
+### v0.25.4 - 12th June 2020
+
+* Allow libvips binary location override where version is appended.
+  [#2217](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2217)
+  [@malice00](https://github.com/malice00)
+
+* Enable PNG palette when setting quality, colours, colors or dither.
+  [#2226](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2226)
+  [@romaleev](https://github.com/romaleev)
+
+* Add `level` constructor option to use a specific level of a multi-level image.
+  Expose `levels` metadata for multi-level images.
+  [#2222](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2222)
+
+* Add support for named `alpha` channel to `extractChannel` operation.
+  [#2138](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2138)
+
+* Add experimental `sharpness` calculation to `stats()` response.
+  [#2251](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2251)
+
+* Emit `warning` event for non-critical processing problems.
+  [#2032](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2032)
+
+### v0.25.3 - 17th May 2020
+
+* Ensure libvips is initialised only once, improves worker thread safety.
+  [#2143](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2143)
+
+* Ensure npm platform flag is respected when copying DLLs.
+  [#2188](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2188)
+  [@dimadeveatii](https://github.com/dimadeveatii)
+
+* Allow SVG input with large inline images to be parsed.
+  [#2195](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2195)
+
+### v0.25.2 - 20th March 2020
+
+* Provide prebuilt binaries for Linux ARM64v8.
+
+* Add IIIF layout support to tile-based output.
+  [#2098](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2098)
+  [@edsilv](https://github.com/edsilv)
+
+* Ensure input options are consistently and correctly detected.
+  [#2118](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2118)
+
+* Ensure N-API prebuilt binaries work on RHEL7 and its derivatives.
+  [#2119](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2119)
+
+* Ensure AsyncWorker options are persisted.
+  [#2130](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2130)
+
+### v0.25.1 - 7th March 2020
+
+* Ensure prebuilt binaries are fetched based on N-API version.
+  [#2117](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2117)
+
+### v0.25.0 - 7th March 2020
+
+* Remove `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` previously deprecated in v0.24.0.
+
+* Migrate internals to N-API.
+  [#1282](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1282)
+
+* Add support for 32-bit Windows.
+  [#2088](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2088)
+
+* Ensure correct ordering of rotate-then-trim operations.
+  [#2087](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2087)
+
+* Ensure composite accepts `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` input options.
+  [#2099](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2099)
+
+## v0.24 - "*wit*"
+
+Requires libvips v8.9.0.
+
+### v0.24.1 - 15<sup>th</sup> February 2020
+
+* Prevent use of sequentialRead for EXIF-based rotate operation.
+  [#2042](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2042)
+
+* Ensure RGBA LZW TIFF returns correct channel count.
+  [#2064](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2064)
+
+### v0.24.0 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2020
+
+* Drop support for Node.js 8.
+  [#1910](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1910)
+
+* Drop support for undefined input where options also provided.
+  [#1768](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1768)
+
+* Move `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` to input options, deprecating functions of the same name.
+
+* Expose `delay` and `loop` metadata for animated images.
+  [#1905](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1905)
+
+* Ensure correct colour output for 16-bit, 2-channel PNG input with ICC profile.
+  [#2013](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2013)
+
+* Prevent use of sequentialRead for rotate operations.
+  [#2016](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2016)
+
+* Correctly bind max width and height values when using withoutEnlargement.
+  [#2024](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2024)
+  [@BrychanOdlum](https://github.com/BrychanOdlum)
+
+* Add support for input with 16-bit RGB profile.
+  [#2037](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2037)
+
+## v0.23 - "*vision*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.8.1.
 
-#### v0.23.0 - 29<sup>th</sup> July 2019
+### v0.23.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> December 2019
+
+* Handle zero-length Buffer objects when using Node.js v13.2.0+.
+
+* Expose raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP metadata.
+  [#1600](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1600)
+
+* Improve thread safety by using copy-on-write when updating metadata.
+  [#1986](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1986)
+
+### v0.23.3 - 17<sup>th</sup> November 2019
+
+* Ensure `trim` operation supports images contained in the alpha channel.
+  [#1597](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597)
+
+* Ensure tile `overlap` option works as expected.
+  [#1921](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1921)
+  [@rustyguts](https://github.com/rustyguts)
+
+* Allow compilation on FreeBSD and variants (broken since v0.23.0)
+  [#1952](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1952)
+  [@pouya-eghbali](https://github.com/pouya-eghbali)
+
+* Ensure `modulate` and other colour-based operations can co-exist.
+  [#1958](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1958)
+
+### v0.23.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> October 2019
+
+* Add `background` option to tile output operation.
+  [#1924](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1924)
+  [@neave](https://github.com/neave)
+
+* Add support for Node.js 13.
+  [#1932](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1932)
+  [@MayhemYDG](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
+
+### v0.23.1 - 26<sup>th</sup> September 2019
+
+* Ensure `sharp.format.vips` is present and correct (filesystem only).
+  [#1813](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1813)
+
+* Ensure invalid `width` and `height` provided as options to `resize` throw.
+  [#1817](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1817)
+
+* Allow use of 'heic' and 'heif' identifiers with `toFormat`.
+  [#1834](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1834)
+  [@jaubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
+
+* Add `premultiplied` option to `composite` operation.
+  [#1835](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1835)
+  [@Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
+
+* Allow instance reuse with differing `toBuffer` options.
+  [#1860](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1860)
+  [@RaboliotTheGrey](https://github.com/RaboliotTheGrey)
+
+* Ensure image is at least 3x3 pixels before attempting trim operation.
+
+### v0.23.0 - 29<sup>th</sup> July 2019
 
 * Remove `overlayWith` previously deprecated in v0.22.0.
 
@@ -34,11 +207,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.8.1.
   [#1755](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1755)
   [@iovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
 
-### v0.22 - "*uptake*"
+## v0.22 - "*uptake*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.7.4.
 
-#### v0.22.1 - 25<sup>th</sup> April 2019
+### v0.22.1 - 25<sup>th</sup> April 2019
 
 * Add `modulate` operation for brightness, saturation and hue.
   [#1601](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1601)
@@ -51,7 +224,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.4.
 * Add support for Node 12.
   [#1668](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1668)
 
-#### v0.22.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> March 2019
+### v0.22.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> March 2019
 
 * Remove functions previously deprecated in v0.21.0:
     `background`, `crop`, `embed`, `ignoreAspectRatio`, `max`, `min` and `withoutEnlargement`.
@@ -69,18 +242,18 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.4.
   [#1595](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1595)
   [@ramiel](https://github.com/ramiel)
 
-### v0.21 - "*teeth*"
+## v0.21 - "*teeth*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.7.0.
 
-#### v0.21.3 - 19<sup>th</sup> January 2019
+### v0.21.3 - 19<sup>th</sup> January 2019
 
 * Input image decoding now fails fast, set `failOnError` to change this behaviour.
 
 * Failed filesystem-based input now separates missing file and invalid format errors.
   [#1542](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1542)
 
-#### v0.21.2 - 13<sup>th</sup> January 2019
+### v0.21.2 - 13<sup>th</sup> January 2019
 
 * Ensure all metadata is removed from PNG output unless `withMetadata` used.
 
@@ -105,7 +278,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
 * Ensure forced output format applied correctly when output chaining.
   [#1528](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1528)
 
-#### v0.21.1 - 7<sup>th</sup> December 2018
+### v0.21.1 - 7<sup>th</sup> December 2018
 
 * Install: support `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config, like existing `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL`.
   [#1422](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1422)
@@ -134,7 +307,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
   [#1483](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1483)
   [@mbklein](https://github.com/mbklein)
 
-#### v0.21.0 - 4<sup>th</sup> October 2018
+### v0.21.0 - 4<sup>th</sup> October 2018
 
 * Deprecate the following resize-related functions:
     `crop`, `embed`, `ignoreAspectRatio`, `max`, `min` and `withoutEnlargement`.
@@ -171,11 +344,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.7.0.
   [#1385](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1385)
   [@freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
 
-### v0.20 - "*prebuild*"
+## v0.20 - "*prebuild*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
-#### v0.20.8 - 5<sup>th</sup> September 2018
+### v0.20.8 - 5<sup>th</sup> September 2018
 
 * Avoid race conditions when creating directories during installation.
   [#1358](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1358)
@@ -185,12 +358,12 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1362](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1362)
   [@aeirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
 
-#### v0.20.7 - 21<sup>st</sup> August 2018
+### v0.20.7 - 21<sup>st</sup> August 2018
 
 * Use copy+unlink if rename operation fails during installation.
   [#1345](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1345)
 
-#### v0.20.6 - 20<sup>th</sup> August 2018
+### v0.20.6 - 20<sup>th</sup> August 2018
 
 * Add removeAlpha operation to remove alpha channel, if any.
   [#1248](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1248)
@@ -221,13 +394,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
 * Add experimental entropy field to stats response.
 
-#### v0.20.5 - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+### v0.20.5 - 27<sup>th</sup> June 2018
 
 * Expose libjpeg optimize_coding flag.
   [#1265](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1265)
   [@tomlokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
 
-#### v0.20.4 - 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018
+### v0.20.4 - 20<sup>th</sup> June 2018
 
 * Prevent possible rounding error when using shrink-on-load and 90/270 degree rotation.
   [#1241](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1241)
@@ -237,13 +410,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1257](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1257)
   [@jeremychone](https://github.com/jeremychone)
 
-#### v0.20.3 - 29<sup>th</sup> May 2018
+### v0.20.3 - 29<sup>th</sup> May 2018
 
 * Fix tint operation by ensuring LAB interpretation and allowing negative values.
   [#1235](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1235)
   [@wezside](https://github.com/wezside)
 
-#### v0.20.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> April 2018
+### v0.20.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> April 2018
 
 * Add tint operation to set image chroma.
   [#825](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/825)
@@ -261,7 +434,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1208](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1208)
   [@woolite64](https://github.com/woolite64)
 
-#### v0.20.1 - 17<sup>th</sup> March 2018
+### v0.20.1 - 17<sup>th</sup> March 2018
 
 * Improve installation experience when a globally-installed libvips below the minimum required version is found.
   [#1148](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1148)
@@ -274,16 +447,16 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1161](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1161)
   [@BiancoA](https://github.com/BiancoA)
 
-#### v0.20.0 - 5<sup>th</sup> March 2018
+### v0.20.0 - 5<sup>th</sup> March 2018
 
 * Add support for prebuilt sharp binaries on common platforms.
   [#186](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/186)
 
-### v0.19 - "*suit*"
+## v0.19 - "*suit*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
-#### v0.19.1 - 24<sup>th</sup> February 2018
+### v0.19.1 - 24<sup>th</sup> February 2018
 
 * Expose libvips' linear transform feature.
   [#1024](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/1024)
@@ -297,7 +470,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
   [#1134](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1134)
   [@pieh](https://github.com/pieh)
 
-#### v0.19.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> January 2018
+### v0.19.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> January 2018
 
 * Expose offset coordinates of strategy-based crop.
   [#868](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/868)
@@ -341,17 +514,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.6.1.
 
 * TIFF output: switch default predictor from 'none' to 'horizontal' to match libvips' behaviour.
 
-### v0.18 - "*ridge*"
+## v0.18 - "*ridge*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.5.5.
 
-#### v0.18.4 - 18<sup>th</sup> September 2017
+### v0.18.4 - 18<sup>th</sup> September 2017
 
 * Ensure input Buffer really is marked as Persistent, prevents mark-sweep GC.
   [#950](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/950)
   [@lfdoherty](https://github.com/lfdoherty)
 
-#### v0.18.3 - 13<sup>th</sup> September 2017
+### v0.18.3 - 13<sup>th</sup> September 2017
 
 * Skip shrink-on-load when trimming.
   [#888](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/888)
@@ -361,7 +534,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#945](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/945)
   [@pbomb](https://github.com/pbomb)
 
-#### v0.18.2 - 1<sup>st</sup> July 2017
+### v0.18.2 - 1<sup>st</sup> July 2017
 
 * Expose libvips' xres and yres properties for TIFF output.
   [#828](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/828)
@@ -378,13 +551,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#857](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/857)
   [@ekremkaraca](https://github.com/ekremkaraca)
 
-#### v0.18.1 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
+### v0.18.1 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
 
 * Remove regression from #781 that could cause incorrect shrink calculation.
   [#831](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/831)
   [@suprMax](https://github.com/suprMax)
 
-#### v0.18.0 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
+### v0.18.0 - 30<sup>th</sup> May 2017
 
 * Remove the previously-deprecated output format "option" functions:
     quality, progressive, compressionLevel, withoutAdaptiveFiltering,
@@ -442,11 +615,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.5.5.
   [#814](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/814)
   [@jingsam](https://github.com/jingsam)
 
-### v0.17 - "*quill*"
+## v0.17 - "*quill*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.4.2.
 
-#### v0.17.3 - 1<sup>st</sup> April 2017
+### v0.17.3 - 1<sup>st</sup> April 2017
 
 * Allow toBuffer to optionally resolve a Promise with both info and data.
   [#143](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/143)
@@ -464,7 +637,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#738](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/738)
   [@kristojorg](https://github.com/kristojorg)
 
-#### v0.17.2 - 11<sup>th</sup> February 2017
+### v0.17.2 - 11<sup>th</sup> February 2017
 
 * Ensure Readable side of Stream can start flowing after Writable side has finished.
   [#671](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/671)
@@ -474,7 +647,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#685](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/685)
   [@rnanwani](https://github.com/rnanwani)
 
-#### v0.17.1 - 15<sup>th</sup> January 2017
+### v0.17.1 - 15<sup>th</sup> January 2017
 
 * Improve error messages for invalid parameters.
   [@spikeon](https://github.com/spikeon)
@@ -487,7 +660,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [@wangzhiwei1888](https://github.com/wangzhiwei1888)
   [#679](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/679)
 
-#### v0.17.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> December 2016
+### v0.17.0 - 11<sup>th</sup> December 2016
 
 * Drop support for versions of Node prior to v4.
 
@@ -524,17 +697,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.4.2.
   [#646](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/646)
   [@DaGaMs](https://github.com/DaGaMs)
 
-### v0.16 - "*pencil*"
+## v0.16 - "*pencil*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.3.3
 
-#### v0.16.2 - 22<sup>nd</sup> October 2016
+### v0.16.2 - 22<sup>nd</sup> October 2016
 
 * Restrict readelf usage to Linux only when detecting global libvips version.
   [#602](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/602)
   [@caoko](https://github.com/caoko)
 
-#### v0.16.1 - 13<sup>th</sup> October 2016
+### v0.16.1 - 13<sup>th</sup> October 2016
 
 * C++11 ABI version is now auto-detected, remove sharp-cxx11 installation flag.
 
@@ -553,7 +726,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.3
   [#566](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/566)
   [@Nateowami](https://github.com/Nateowami)
 
-#### v0.16.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> August 2016
+### v0.16.0 - 18<sup>th</sup> August 2016
 
 * Add pre-compiled libvips for OS X, ARMv7 and ARMv8.
   [#312](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/312)
@@ -593,11 +766,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.3
 * Remove deprecated interpolateWith method - use resize(w, h, { interpolator: ... })
   [#310](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/310)
 
-### v0.15 - "*outfit*"
+## v0.15 - "*outfit*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.3.1
 
-#### v0.15.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> July 2016
+### v0.15.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> July 2016
 
 * Concat Stream-based input in single operation for ~+3% perf and less GC.
   [#429](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/429)
@@ -663,7 +836,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.1
   [#501](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/501)
   [@mhirsch](https://github.com/mhirsch)
 
-#### v0.15.0 - 21<sup>st</sup> May 2016
+### v0.15.0 - 21<sup>st</sup> May 2016
 
 * Use libvips' new Lanczos 3 kernel as default for image reduction.
   Deprecate interpolateWith method, now provided as a resize option.
@@ -681,11 +854,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.3.1
   [#413](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/413)
   [@jardakotesovec](https://github.com/jardakotesovec)
 
-### v0.14 - "*needle*"
+## v0.14 - "*needle*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.3
 
-#### v0.14.1 - 16<sup>th</sup> April 2016
+### v0.14.1 - 16<sup>th</sup> April 2016
 
 * Allow removal of limitation on input pixel count via limitInputPixels. Use with care.
   [#250](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/250)
@@ -709,7 +882,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.3
   [#412](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/412)
   [@nouh](https://github.com/nouh)
 
-#### v0.14.0 - 2<sup>nd</sup> April 2016
+### v0.14.0 - 2<sup>nd</sup> April 2016
 
 * Add ability to extend (pad) the edges of an image.
   [#128](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/128)
@@ -746,17 +919,17 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.3
 * Remove deprecated style of calling extract API. Breaks calls using positional arguments.
   [#276](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/276)
 
-### v0.13 - "*mind*"
+## v0.13 - "*mind*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.2
 
-#### v0.13.1 - 27<sup>th</sup> February 2016
+### v0.13.1 - 27<sup>th</sup> February 2016
 
 * Fix embedding onto transparent backgrounds; regression introduced in v0.13.0.
   [#366](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/366)
   [@diegocsandrim](https://github.com/diegocsandrim)
 
-#### v0.13.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> February 2016
+### v0.13.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> February 2016
 
 * Improve vector image support by allowing control of density/DPI.
   Switch pre-built libs from Imagemagick to Graphicsmagick.
@@ -801,11 +974,11 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.2
 
 * Add support for gamma correction of images with an alpha channel.
 
-### v0.12 - "*look*"
+## v0.12 - "*look*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.2.0
 
-#### v0.12.2 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016
+### v0.12.2 - 16<sup>th</sup> January 2016
 
 * Upgrade libvips to v8.2.0 for improved vips_shrink.
 
@@ -823,7 +996,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#331](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/331)
   [@dtoubelis](https://github.com/dtoubelis)
 
-#### v0.12.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> December 2015
+### v0.12.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> December 2015
 
 * Allow use of SIMD vector instructions (via liborc) to be toggled on/off.
   [#172](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/172)
@@ -836,7 +1009,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
 
 * Use the NPM-configured HTTPS proxy, if any, for binary downloads.
 
-#### v0.12.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> November 2015
+### v0.12.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> November 2015
 
 * Bundle pre-compiled libvips and its dependencies for 64-bit Linux and Windows.
   [#42](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/42)
@@ -872,9 +1045,9 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#309](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/309)
   [@papandreou](https://github.com/papandreou)
 
-### v0.11 - "*knife*"
+## v0.11 - "*knife*"
 
-#### v0.11.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> November 2015
+### v0.11.4 - 5<sup>th</sup> November 2015
 
 * Add corners, e.g. `northeast`, to existing `gravity` option.
   [#291](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/291)
@@ -888,13 +1061,13 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#287](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/287)
   [@vlapo](https://github.com/vlapo)
 
-#### v0.11.3 - 8<sup>th</sup> September 2015
+### v0.11.3 - 8<sup>th</sup> September 2015
 
 * Intrepret blurSigma, sharpenFlat, and sharpenJagged as double precision.
   [#263](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/263)
   [@chrisriley](https://github.com/chrisriley)
 
-#### v0.11.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> August 2015
+### v0.11.2 - 28<sup>th</sup> August 2015
 
 * Allow crop gravity to be provided as a String.
   [#255](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/255)
@@ -902,7 +1075,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
 * Add support for io.js v3 and Node v4.
   [#246](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/246)
 
-#### v0.11.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> August 2015
+### v0.11.1 - 12<sup>th</sup> August 2015
 
 * Silence MSVC warning: "C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled".
   [#244](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/244)
@@ -912,7 +1085,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#249](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/249)
   [@compeak](https://github.com/compeak)
 
-#### v0.11.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> July 2015
+### v0.11.0 - 15<sup>th</sup> July 2015
 
 * Allow alpha transparency compositing via new `overlayWith` method.
   [#97](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/97)
@@ -940,9 +1113,9 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#238](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/238)
   [@richardadjogah](https://github.com/richardadjogah)
 
-### v0.10 - "*judgment*"
+## v0.10 - "*judgment*"
 
-#### v0.10.1 - 1<sup>st</sup> June 2015
+### v0.10.1 - 1<sup>st</sup> June 2015
 
 * Allow embed of image with alpha transparency onto non-transparent background.
   [#204](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/204)
@@ -952,7 +1125,7 @@ Requires libvips v8.2.0
   [#228](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/228)
   [@doggan](https://github.com/doggan)
 
-#### v0.10.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> April 2015
+### v0.10.0 - 23<sup>rd</sup> April 2015
 
 * Add support for Windows (x86).
   [#19](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/19)

docs/css/extra.css

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-/* Nest document subheadings in navigation */
-ul.subnav ul:not(.subnav) {
-  padding-left: 2em;
-  font-size: 80%;
-}

docs/firebase.json

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+{
+  "hosting": {
+    "site": "pixelplumbing-sharp",
+    "public": ".",
+    "ignore": [
+      ".*",
+      "firebase.json",
+      "*.md",
+      "image/**",
+      "search-index/**"
+    ],
+    "headers": [
+      {
+        "source": "**",
+        "headers": [
+          {
+            "key": "Cache-Control",
+            "value": "max-age=86400"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "redirects": [
+      {
+        "source": "**/install/**",
+        "destination": "/install",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/page/install",
+        "destination": "/install",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-constructor/**",
+        "destination": "/api-constructor",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-input/**",
+        "destination": "/api-input",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-output/**",
+        "destination": "/api-output",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-resize/**",
+        "destination": "/api-resize",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-compsite/**",
+        "destination": "/api-compsite",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-operation/**",
+        "destination": "/api-operation",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-colour/**",
+        "destination": "/api-colour",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-channel/**",
+        "destination": "/api-channel",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/api-utility/**",
+        "destination": "/api-utility",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/page/api",
+        "destination": "/api-constructor",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/performance/**",
+        "destination": "/performance",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/page/performance",
+        "destination": "/performance",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "**/changelog/**",
+        "destination": "/changelog",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/page/changelog",
+        "destination": "/changelog",
+        "type": 301
+      },
+      {
+        "source": "/en/**",
+        "destination": "/",
+        "type": 301
+      }
+    ],
+    "rewrites": [
+      {
+        "source": "**",
+        "destination": "/index.html"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

docs/humans.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/* THANKS */
+
+Name: John Cupitt
+GitHub: https://github.com/jcupitt
+
+Name: Pierre Inglebert
+GitHub: https://github.com/pierreinglebert
+
+Name: Jonathan Ong
+GitHub: https://github.com/jonathanong
+
+Name: Chanon Sajjamanochai
+GitHub: https://github.com/chanon
+
+Name: Juliano Julio
+GitHub: https://github.com/julianojulio
+
+Name: Daniel Gasienica
+GitHub: https://github.com/gasi
+
+Name: Julian Walker
+GitHub: https://github.com/julianwa
+
+Name: Amit Pitaru
+GitHub: https://github.com/apitaru
+
+Name: Brandon Aaron
+GitHub: https://github.com/brandonaaron
+
+Name: Andreas Lind
+GitHub: https://github.com/papandreouGitHub:
+
+Name: Maurus Cuelenaere
+GitHub: https://github.com/mcuelenaere
+
+Name: Linus Unnebäck
+GitHub: https://github.com/LinusU
+
+Name: Victor Mateevitsi
+GitHub: https://github.com/mvictoras
+
+Name: Alaric Holloway
+GitHub: https://github.com/skedastik
+
+Name: Bernhard K. Weisshuhn
+GitHub: https://github.com/bkw
+
+Name: David A. Carley
+GitHub: https://github.com/dacarley
+
+Name: John Tobin
+GitHub: https://github.com/jtobinisaniceguy
+
+Name: Kenton Gray
+GitHub: https://github.com/kentongray
+
+Name: Felix Bünemann
+GitHub: https://github.com/felixbuenemann
+
+Name: Samy Al Zahrani
+GitHub: https://github.com/salzhrani
+
+Name: Chintan Thakkar
+GitHub: https://github.com/lemnisk8
+
+Name: F. Orlando Galashan
+GitHub: https://github.com/frulo
+
+Name: Kleis Auke Wolthuizen
+GitHub: https://github.com/kleisauke
+
+Name: Matt Hirsch
+GitHub: https://github.com/mhirsch
+
+Name: Rahul Nanwani
+GitHub: https://github.com/rnanwani
+
+Name: Matthias Thoemmes
+GitHub: https://github.com/cmtt
+
+Name: Patrick Paskaris
+GitHub: https://github.com/ppaskaris
+
+Name: Jérémy Lal
+GitHub: https://github.com/kapouer
+
+Name: Alice Monday
+GitHub: https://github.com/alice0meta
+
+Name: Kristo Jorgenson
+GitHub: https://github.com/kristojorg
+
+Name: Yves Bos
+GitHub: https://github.com/YvesBos
+
+Name: Nicolas Coden
+GitHub: https://github.com/ncoden
+
+Name: Matt Parrish
+GitHub: https://github.com/pbomb
+
+Name: Matthew McEachen
+GitHub: https://github.com/mceachen
+
+Name: Jarda Kotěšovec
+GitHub: https://github.com/jardakotesovec
+
+Name: Kenric D'Souza
+GitHub: https://github.com/AzureByte
+
+Name: Oleh Aleinyk
+GitHub: https://github.com/oaleynik
+
+Name: Marcel Bretschneider
+GitHub: https://github.com/3epnm
+
+Name: Andrea Bianco
+GitHub: https://github.com/BiancoA
+
+Name: Rik Heywood
+GitHub: https://github.com/rikh42
+
+Name: Thomas Parisot
+GitHub: https://github.com/oncletom
+
+Name: Nathan Graves
+GitHub: https://github.com/woolite64
+
+Name: Tom Lokhorst
+GitHub: https://github.com/tomlokhorst
+
+Name: Espen Hovlandsdal
+GitHub: https://github.com/rexxars
+
+Name: Sylvain Dumont
+GitHub: https://github.com/sylvaindumont
+
+Name: Alun Davies
+GitHub: https://github.com/alundavies
+
+Name: Aidan Hoolachan
+GitHub: https://github.com/ajhool
+
+Name: Axel Eirola
+GitHub: https://github.com/aeirola
+
+Name: Freezy
+GitHub: https://github.com/freezy
+
+Name: Julian Aubourg
+GitHub: https://github.com/jaubourg
+
+Name: Keith Belovay
+GitHub: https://github.com/fromkeith
+
+Name: Michael B. Klein
+GitHub: https://github.com/mbklein
+
+Name: Jakub Michálek
+GitHub: https://github.com/Goues
+
+Name: Ilya Ovdin
+GitHub: https://github.com/iovdin
+
+Name: Andargor
+GitHub: https://github.com/Andargor
+
+Name: Nicolas Stepien
+GitHub: https://github.com/MayhemYDG
+
+Name: Paul Neave
+GitHub: https://github.com/neave
+
+Name: Brendan Kennedy
+GitHub: https://github.com/rustyguts
+
+Name: Brychan Bennett-Odlum
+GitHub: https://github.com/BrychanOdlum
+
+Name: Edward Silverton
+GitHub: https://github.com/edsilv
+
+Name: Dumitru Deveatii
+GitHub: https://github.com/dimadeveatii
+
+Name: Roland Asmann
+GitHub: https://github.com/malice00
+
+Name: Roman Malieiev
+GitHub: https://github.com/romaleev

docs/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
+  <meta name="description" content="Resize large images in common formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/32x32/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/152x152/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/144x144/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/120x120/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/114x114/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/72x72/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/57x57/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <style>/* https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute@4/dist/docute.min.css */ body{margin:0;color:var(--text-color);background:var(--page-background);text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font:16px/1.7 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Fira Sans,Droid Sans,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}a{color:var(--link-color);text-decoration:none}.page-content>:first-child{margin-top:0}.page-content.has-page-title>h2:first-child{margin-top:7rem}.page-content h2,.page-content h3{font-weight:300;line-height:1.2}.page-content h2{font-size:2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color);margin-top:7rem;padding-bottom:5px}.page-content h3{font-size:1.7rem;margin:40px 0 30px}.page-content code{font-family:var(--code-font);font-size:90%;background:var(--inline-code-background);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 5px;color:var(--inline-code-color)}.page-content>ul{padding-left:20px;margin:1rem 0}.page-content img{max-width:100%}@-webkit-keyframes blink-data-v-4f620c69{to{opacity:.2}}@keyframes blink-data-v-4f620c69{0%{opacity:.2}20%{opacity:1}to{opacity:.2}}</style>
+  <link rel="author" href="/humans.txt" type="text/plain">
+  <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@v0.25.4/docs/README.md" as="fetch" type="text/markdown" crossorigin>
+  <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" as="image" type="image/svg+xml" crossorigin>
+  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pixel.plumbing">
+  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
+  <script type="application/ld+json">
+  {
+    "@context": "https://schema.org",
+    "@type": "SoftwareSourceCode",
+    "name": "sharp",
+    "description": "High performance Node.js image processing",
+    "url": "https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com",
+    "codeRepository": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
+    "programmingLanguage": ["JavaScript", "C++"],
+    "runtimePlatform": "Node.js",
+    "copyrightHolder": {
+      "@context": "https://schema.org",
+      "@type": "Person",
+      "name": "Lovell Fuller"
+    },
+    "copyrightYear": [2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020],
+    "license": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
+  }
+  </script>
+  <style>
+  :root {
+    --link-color: #077;
+  }
+  @media (max-width: 576px) {
+    .shorten-strapline {
+      display: none;
+    }
+  }
+  img[alt='sharp logo'] {
+    margin: 0 0 16px 16px;
+  }
+  .page-content > h2,
+  .page-content.has-page-title > h2:first-child {
+    margin-top: 3rem;
+  }
+  .page-content h3 {
+    font-size: 1.4rem;
+  }
+  ul ul {
+    padding-left: 20px;
+  }
+  </style>
+  <title>sharp - High performance Node.js image processing</title>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+  <div id="docute"></div>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute@4/dist/docute.min.js"></script>
+  <script>
+    /* https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docute-google-analytics@1/dist/index.min.js */ !function(e,n){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=n():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(n):(e=e||self).docuteGoogleAnalytics=n()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(e){var n;window.ga||((n=document.createElement("script")).async=!0,n.src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js",document.body.appendChild(n),window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)},ga.l=Number(new Date),ga("create",e,"auto"))}function n(n,t){e(t),ga("set","page",n),ga("send","pageview")}return function(e){return{name:"@google-analytics",extend:function(t){!function(e,t){"function"==typeof e?e(function(e){n(e,t)}):e.afterEach(function(e){n(e.fullPath,t)})}(t.router,e)}}}});
+    const docuteApiTitlePlugin = {
+      name: 'apiTitle',
+      extend(api) {
+        api.processMarkdown(function (md) {
+          const title = api.store.getters.sidebarLinks
+            .filter(function (sidebarLink) {
+              return sidebarLink.link === api.router.history.current.path
+            })
+            .map(function (sidebarLink) {
+              return sidebarLink.title;
+            })[0];
+          return title
+            ? md.replace(/<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->/, '# ' + title)
+            : md;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+    const docuteApiSearchPlugin = {
+      name: 'apiSearch',
+      extend(api) {
+        api.enableSearch({
+          handler: function (keyword) {
+            if (keyword.trim().length > 2) {
+              return fetch('/search-index.json')
+                .then(function (res) {
+                  return res.json();
+                })
+                .then(function (entries) {
+                  const results = [];
+                  entries.forEach(function (entry) {
+                    if (entry.k.includes(keyword)) {
+                      results.push({
+                        title: entry.t,
+                        link: entry.l,
+                        description: entry.d,
+                        label: entry.l.startsWith("/api") ? "API" : "Install"
+                      });
+                    }
+                  })
+                  return results.slice(0, 3);
+                })
+            } else {
+              return [];
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
+    new Docute({
+      router: { mode: 'history' },
+      logo: '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center">'
+        + '<strong>sharp</strong> '
+        + '<img src="https://pixel.plumbing/px/16x16/sharp-logo.svg" style="padding:8px" alt="#"> '
+        + '<span style="opacity:0.8;white-space:pre" class="shorten-strapline">High performance </span> '
+        + '<span style="opacity:0.8">Node.js image processing</span> '
+        + '</div>',
+      darkThemeToggler: true,
+      detectSystemDarkTheme: true,
+      footer: '<a href="https://pixelplumbing.com/" target="_blank">pixelplumbing.com<a>',
+      plugins: [
+        docuteGoogleAnalytics('UA-13034748-12'),
+        docuteApiTitlePlugin,
+        docuteApiSearchPlugin
+      ],
+      sourcePath: 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@v0.25.4/docs',
+      nav: [
+        {
+          title: 'Funding',
+          link: 'https://opencollective.com/libvips'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'GitHub',
+          link: 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp'
+        }
+      ],
+      sidebar: [
+        {
+          title: 'Home',
+          link: '/'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Installation',
+          link: '/install'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'API',
+          children: [
+            {
+              title: 'Constructor',
+              link: '/api-constructor'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Input metadata',
+              link: '/api-input'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Output options',
+              link: '/api-output'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Resizing images',
+              link: '/api-resize'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Compositing images',
+              link: '/api-composite'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Image operations',
+              link: '/api-operation'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Colour manipulation',
+              link: '/api-colour'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Channel manipulation',
+              link: '/api-channel'
+            },
+            {
+              title: 'Global properties',
+              link: '/api-utility'
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Performance',
+          link: '/performance'
+        },
+        {
+          title: 'Changelog',
+          link: '/changelog'
+        }
+      ]
+    });
+  </script>
+</body>
+
+</html>

docs/index.md

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-# sharp
-
-<img src="image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
-
-The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
-is to convert large images in common formats to
-smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
-
-Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
-quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings.
-
-Colour spaces, embedded ICC profiles and alpha transparency channels are all handled correctly.
-Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
-
-As well as image resizing, operations such as
-rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
-
-Most modern 64-bit OS X, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 8, 10 and 12
-do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
-
-[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
-
-### Formats
-
-This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF and SVG images.
-
-Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
-
-Streams, Buffer objects and the filesystem can be used for input and output.
-
-A single input Stream can be split into multiple processing pipelines and output Streams.
-
-Deep Zoom image pyramids can be generated,
-suitable for use with "slippy map" tile viewers like
-[OpenSeadragon](https://github.com/openseadragon/openseadragon)
-and [Leaflet](https://github.com/turban/Leaflet.Zoomify).
-
-### Fast
-
-This module is powered by the blazingly fast
-[libvips](https://github.com/libvips/libvips) image processing library,
-originally created in 1989 at Birkbeck College
-and currently maintained by
-[John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt).
-
-Only small regions of uncompressed image data
-are held in memory and processed at a time,
-taking full advantage of multiple CPU cores and L1/L2/L3 cache.
-
-Everything remains non-blocking thanks to _libuv_,
-no child processes are spawned and Promises/async/await are supported.
-
-### Optimal
-
-Huffman tables are optimised when generating JPEG output images
-without having to use separate command line tools like
-[jpegoptim](https://github.com/tjko/jpegoptim) and
-[jpegtran](http://jpegclub.org/jpegtran/).
-
-PNG filtering is disabled by default,
-which for diagrams and line art often produces the same result
-as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
-
-### Contributing
-
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
-covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
-
-### Credits
-
-This module would never have been possible without
-the help and code contributions of the following people:
-
-* [John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt)
-* [Pierre Inglebert](https://github.com/pierreinglebert)
-* [Jonathan Ong](https://github.com/jonathanong)
-* [Chanon Sajjamanochai](https://github.com/chanon)
-* [Juliano Julio](https://github.com/julianojulio)
-* [Daniel Gasienica](https://github.com/gasi)
-* [Julian Walker](https://github.com/julianwa)
-* [Amit Pitaru](https://github.com/apitaru)
-* [Brandon Aaron](https://github.com/brandonaaron)
-* [Andreas Lind](https://github.com/papandreou)
-* [Maurus Cuelenaere](https://github.com/mcuelenaere)
-* [Linus Unnebäck](https://github.com/LinusU)
-* [Victor Mateevitsi](https://github.com/mvictoras)
-* [Alaric Holloway](https://github.com/skedastik)
-* [Bernhard K. Weisshuhn](https://github.com/bkw)
-* [David A. Carley](https://github.com/dacarley)
-* [John Tobin](https://github.com/jtobinisaniceguy)
-* [Kenton Gray](https://github.com/kentongray)
-* [Felix Bünemann](https://github.com/felixbuenemann)
-* [Samy Al Zahrani](https://github.com/salzhrani)
-* [Chintan Thakkar](https://github.com/lemnisk8)
-* [F. Orlando Galashan](https://github.com/frulo)
-* [Kleis Auke Wolthuizen](https://github.com/kleisauke)
-* [Matt Hirsch](https://github.com/mhirsch)
-* [Rahul Nanwani](https://github.com/rnanwani)
-* [Matthias Thoemmes](https://github.com/cmtt)
-* [Patrick Paskaris](https://github.com/ppaskaris)
-* [Jérémy Lal](https://github.com/kapouer)
-* [Alice Monday](https://github.com/alice0meta)
-* [Kristo Jorgenson](https://github.com/kristojorg)
-* [Yves Bos](https://github.com/YvesBos)
-* [Nicolas Coden](https://github.com/ncoden)
-* [Matt Parrish](https://github.com/pbomb)
-* [Matthew McEachen](https://github.com/mceachen)
-* [Jarda Kotěšovec](https://github.com/jardakotesovec)
-* [Kenric D'Souza](https://github.com/AzureByte)
-* [Oleh Aleinyk](https://github.com/oaleynik)
-* [Marcel Bretschneider](https://github.com/3epnm)
-* [Andrea Bianco](https://github.com/BiancoA)
-* [Rik Heywood](https://github.com/rikh42)
-* [Thomas Parisot](https://github.com/oncletom)
-* [Nathan Graves](https://github.com/woolite64)
-* [Tom Lokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
-* [Espen Hovlandsdal](https://github.com/rexxars)
-* [Sylvain Dumont](https://github.com/sylvaindumont)
-* [Alun Davies](https://github.com/alundavies)
-* [Aidan Hoolachan](https://github.com/ajhool)
-* [Axel Eirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
-* [Freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
-* [Julian Aubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
-* [Keith Belovay](https://github.com/fromkeith)
-* [Michael B. Klein](https://github.com/mbklein)
-* [Jakub Michálek](https://github.com/Goues)
-* [Ilya Ovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
-
-Thank you!
-
-### Licensing
-
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-[https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.

docs/install.md

@@ -10,106 +10,116 @@ yarn add sharp
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node.js v8.5.0+
+* Node.js v10+
 
-### Building from source
+## Prebuilt binaries
 
-Pre-compiled binaries for sharp are provided for use with
-Node versions 8, 10 and 12 on
-64-bit Windows, OS X and Linux platforms.
+Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use with
+Node.js v10+ on the most common platforms:
 
-Sharp will be built from source at install time when:
+* macOS x64 (>= 10.13)
+* Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24)
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.29)
+* Windows
 
-* a globally-installed libvips is detected,
-* pre-compiled binaries do not exist for the current platform and Node version, or
+A ~10MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
+is downloaded via HTTPS and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
+
+This provides support for the
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF (input) and SVG (input) image formats.
+
+The following platforms have prebuilt libvips but not sharp:
+
+* Linux ARMv6
+* Linux ARMv7 (glibc >= 2.28)
+
+The following platforms require compilation of both libvips and sharp from source:
+
+* Linux x86
+* Linux x64 (glibc <= 2.16, includes RHEL/CentOS 6)
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc <= 2.28, musl)
+* Linux PowerPC
+* FreeBSD
+* OpenBSD
+
+## Common problems
+
+The architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install`
+must be the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime.
+
+The `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag must be used when installing as `root` or a `sudo` user.
+
+The `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag must be used when `npm` has been configured to ignore installation scripts.
+
+Check the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp` for useful error messages.
+
+## Custom libvips
+
+To use a custom, globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
+make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
+and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
+
+For help compiling libvips from source, please see
+[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball).
+
+The use of a globally-installed libvips is unsupported on Windows.
+
+## Building from source
+
+This module will be compiled from source at `npm install` time when:
+
+* a globally-installed libvips is detected (set the `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable to skip this),
+* prebuilt binaries do not exist for the current platform and Node.js version, or
 * when the `npm install --build-from-source` flag is used.
 
 Building from source requires:
 
-* C++11 compatible compiler such as gcc 4.8+, clang 3.0+ or MSVC 2013+
-* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies (includes Python 2.7)
+* C++11 compiler
+* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies
 
-## libvips
+## Custom prebuilt binaries
 
-### Linux
+This is an advanced approach that most people will not require.
 
-[![Ubuntu 16.04 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
+To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL,
+set the `sharp_binary_host` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_binary_host` environment variable.
 
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 10MB.
+To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a custom URL,
+set the `sharp_libvips_binary_host` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host` environment variable.
 
-Most Linux-based (glibc, musl) operating systems running on x64 and ARMv6+ CPUs should "just work", e.g.:
+The version subpath and file name are appended to these.
 
-* Debian 8+
-* Ubuntu 14.04+
-* Red Hat Enterprise 7+
-* CentOS 7+
-* Alpine 3.10+
-* Fedora 21+
-* openSUSE 13.2+
-* Archlinux
-* Raspbian Jessie
-* Amazon Linux
-* Solus
+For example, if `sharp_libvips_binary_host` is set to `https://hostname/path`
+and the libvips version is `1.2.3` then the resultant URL will be
+`https://hostname/path/v1.2.3/libvips-1.2.3-platform-arch.tar.gz`.
 
-To use a globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
-make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
-and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
+See the Chinese mirror below for a further example.
 
-If you are using non-standard paths (anything other than `/usr` or `/usr/local`),
-you might need to set `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` during `npm install`
-and `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` at runtime.
+## Chinese mirror
 
-This allows the use of newer versions of libvips with older versions of sharp.
+Alibaba provide a mirror site based in China containing binaries for both sharp and libvips.
 
-For 32-bit Intel CPUs and older Linux-based operating systems such as
-those based on Red Hat Enterprise 6 (e.g. CentOS 6)
-compiling libvips from source is recommended.
-
-[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball)
-
-#### Alpine Linux
-
-libvips is available in the
-[community repository](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=vips-dev):
+To use this either set the following configuration:
 
 ```sh
-apk add vips-dev fftw-dev build-base --update-cache \
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/community/ \
-    --repository https://alpine.global.ssl.fastly.net/alpine/edge/main
+npm config set sharp_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp"
+npm config set sharp_libvips_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips"
+npm install sharp
 ```
 
-The smaller stack size of musl libc means
-libvips may need to be used without a cache
-via `sharp.cache(false)` to avoid a stack overflow.
+or set the following environment variables:
 
-### Mac OS
+```sh
+npm_config_sharp_binary_host="https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp" \
+  npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips" \
+  npm install sharp
+```
 
-[![OS X 10.12 Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/lovell/sharp)
+## FreeBSD
 
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 8MB.
-
-To use your own version of libvips instead of the provided binaries, make sure it is
-at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file and
-that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
-
-### Windows x64
-
-[![Windows x64 Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/pgtul704nkhhg6sg)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/lovell/sharp)
-
-libvips and its dependencies are fetched and stored within `node_modules\sharp\vendor` during `npm install`.
-This involves an automated HTTPS download of approximately 10MB.
-If you are having issues during installation consider removing the directory
-`C:\Users\[user]\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_libvips`.
-
-Only 64-bit (x64) `node.exe` is supported.
-
-### FreeBSD
-
-libvips must be installed before `npm install` is run.
-
-This can be achieved via package or ports:
+The `vips` package must be installed before `npm install` is run.
 
 ```sh
 pkg install -y pkgconf vips
@@ -119,169 +129,51 @@ pkg install -y pkgconf vips
 cd /usr/ports/graphics/vips/ && make install clean
 ```
 
-FreeBSD's gcc v4 and v5 need `CXXFLAGS=-D_GLIBCXX_USE_C99` set for C++11 support due to
-https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=193528
+## Heroku
 
-### Heroku
+Add the
+[jemalloc buildpack](https://github.com/gaffneyc/heroku-buildpack-jemalloc)
+to reduce the effects of memory fragmentation.
 
-Set [NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
+Set
+[NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
 to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
 
-### Docker
+## AWS Lambda
 
-[Marc Bachmann](https://github.com/marcbachmann) maintains an
-[Ubuntu-based Dockerfile for libvips](https://github.com/marcbachmann/dockerfile-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull marcbachmann/libvips
-```
-
-[Will Jordan](https://github.com/wjordan) maintains an
-[Alpine-based Dockerfile for libvips](https://github.com/wjordan/dockerfile-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull wjordan/libvips
-```
-
-[Tailor Brands](https://github.com/TailorBrands) maintain
-[Debian-based Dockerfiles for libvips and nodejs](https://github.com/TailorBrands/docker-libvips).
-
-```sh
-docker pull tailor/docker-libvips
-```
-
-### AWS Lambda
-
-Set the Lambda runtime to `nodejs10.x`.
+Set the Lambda runtime to `nodejs12.x`.
 
 The binaries in the `node_modules` directory of the
-[deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-create-deployment-pkg.html)
-must be for the Linux x64 platform/architecture.
+[deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-package.html)
+must be for the Linux x64 platform.
 
-On non-Linux machines such as OS X and Windows run the following:
+On machines other than Linux x64, such as macOS and Windows, run the following:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=10.15.0 sharp
+npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux sharp
 ```
 
 Alternatively a Docker container closely matching the Lambda runtime can be used:
 
 ```sh
 rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs10.x npm install sharp
+docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs12.x npm install sharp
 ```
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
 A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
 
-### NW.js
+## Electron
 
-Run the `nw-gyp` tool after installation.
+Electron provides versions of the V8 JavaScript engine
+that are incompatible with Node.js.
+To ensure the correct binaries are used, run the following:
 
 ```sh
-cd node-modules/sharp
-nw-gyp rebuild --arch=x64 --target=[your nw version]
-node node_modules/sharp/install/dll-copy
+npm install
+npx electron-rebuild
 ```
 
-[http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/](http://docs.nwjs.io/en/latest/For%20Users/Advanced/Use%20Native%20Node%20Modules/)
-
-### Build tools
-
-* [gulp-responsive](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gulp-responsive)
-* [grunt-sharp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/grunt-sharp)
-
-### Coding tools
-
-* [Sharp TypeScript Types](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@types/sharp)
-
-### CLI tools
-
-* [sharp-cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sharp-cli)
-
-### Security
-
-Many users of this module process untrusted, user-supplied images,
-but there are aspects of security to consider when doing so.
-
-It is possible to compile libvips with support for various third-party image loaders.
-Each of these libraries has undergone differing levels of security testing.
-
-Whilst tools such as [American Fuzzy Lop](http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/)
-and [Valgrind](http://valgrind.org/) have been used to test
-the most popular web-based formats, as well as libvips itself,
-you are advised to perform your own testing and sandboxing.
-
-### Pre-compiled libvips binaries
-
-This module will attempt to download a pre-compiled bundle of libvips
-and its dependencies on Linux and Windows machines under either of these
-conditions:
-
-1. If a global installation of libvips that meets the
-minimum version requirement cannot be found;
-1. If `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable is set.
-
-```sh
-SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install sharp
-```
-
-Should you need to manually download and inspect these files,
-you can do so via
-[https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases](https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases)
-
-Should you wish to install these from your own location,
-set the `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config option, e.g.
-
-```sh
-npm config set sharp_dist_base_url "https://hostname/path/"
-npm install sharp
-```
-
-or set the `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL` environment variable, e.g.
-
-```sh
-SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL="https://hostname/path/" npm install sharp
-```
-
-to use `https://hostname/path/libvips-x.y.z-platform.tar.gz`.
-
-### Licences
-
-This module is licensed under the terms of the
-[Apache 2.0 Licence](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/LICENSE).
-
-The libraries downloaded and used by this module
-are done so under the terms of the following licences,
-all of which are compatible with the Apache 2.0 Licence.
-
-Use of libraries under the terms of the LGPLv3 is via the
-"any later version" clause of the LGPLv2 or LGPLv2.1.
-
-| Library       | Used under the terms of                                                                                  |
-|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| cairo         | Mozilla Public License 2.0                                                                               |
-| expat         | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| fontconfig    | [fontconfig Licence](https://cgit.freedesktop.org/fontconfig/tree/COPYING) (BSD-like)                    |
-| freetype      | [freetype Licence](http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/freetype/freetype2.git/tree/docs/FTL.TXT) (BSD-like) |
-| fribidi       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| gettext       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| giflib        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| glib          | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| harfbuzz      | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| lcms          | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| libcroco      | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libexif       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libffi        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| libgsf        | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libjpeg-turbo | [zlib License, IJG License](https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo/blob/master/LICENSE.md)       |
-| libpng        | [libpng License](http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/src/libpng-LICENSE.txt)                                   |
-| librsvg       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libtiff       | [libtiff License](http://www.libtiff.org/misc.html) (BSD-like)                                           |
-| libvips       | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| libwebp       | New BSD License                                                                                          |
-| libxml2       | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| pango         | LGPLv3                                                                                                   |
-| pixman        | MIT Licence                                                                                              |
-| zlib          | [zlib Licence](https://github.com/madler/zlib/blob/master/zlib.h)                                        |
+Further help can be found at
+[https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules](https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules)

docs/performance.md

@@ -1,45 +1,46 @@
 # Performance
 
-### Test environment
+A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
 
-* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
-* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
-* Node.js v10.11.0
+## The contenders
 
-### The contenders
-
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.5.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.0.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
-* [imagemagick-native](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick-native) v1.9.3 - Wrapper around libmagick++, supports Buffers only.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.9.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.3.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* sharp v0.21.0 / libvips v8.7.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* sharp v0.24.0 / libvips v8.9.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
-### The task
+## The task
 
 Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
 resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
 then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 
-### Results
+## Test environment
+
+* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
+* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
+* Node.js v12.14.1
+
+## Results
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.71 |      1.0 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.32 |      4.7 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.97 |      5.6 |
-| imagemagick-native | buffer | buffer |    4.06 |      5.7 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.24 |      6.0 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   25.30 |     35.6 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   26.17 |     36.9 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   26.45 |     37.3 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.72 |      1.0 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.02 |      4.2 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.90 |      5.4 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    3.94 |      5.5 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.30 |      6.0 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   23.65 |     32.8 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   24.66 |     34.3 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   25.14 |     34.9 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
 
 The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.
 
-### Benchmark test prerequisites
+## Running the benchmark test
 
 Requires _ImageMagick_, _GraphicsMagick_ and _Mapnik_:
 
@@ -57,8 +58,6 @@ sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
 sudo yum install ImageMagick-devel ImageMagick-c++-devel GraphicsMagick mapnik-devel
 ```
 
-### Running the benchmark test
-
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
 cd sharp

docs/robots.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+User-agent: *
+Disallow:

docs/search-index/build.js

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const { extractDescription, extractKeywords } = require('./extract');
+
+const searchIndex = [];
+
+// Install
+const contents = fs.readFileSync(`${__dirname}/../install.md`, 'utf8');
+const matches = contents.matchAll(
+  /## (?<title>[A-Za-z ]+)\n\n(?<body>[^#]+)/gs
+);
+for (const match of matches) {
+  const { title, body } = match.groups;
+  const description = extractDescription(body);
+
+  searchIndex.push({
+    t: title,
+    d: description,
+    k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description}`),
+    l: `/install#${title.toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, '-')}`
+  });
+}
+
+// API
+[
+  'constructor',
+  'input',
+  'output',
+  'resize',
+  'composite',
+  'operation',
+  'channel',
+  'colour',
+  'utility'
+].forEach((section) => {
+  const contents = fs.readFileSync(`${__dirname}/../api-${section}.md`, 'utf8');
+  const matches = contents.matchAll(
+    /\n## (?<title>[A-Za-z]+)\n\n(?<firstparagraph>.+?)\n\n/gs
+  );
+  for (const match of matches) {
+    const { title, firstparagraph } = match.groups;
+    const description = firstparagraph.startsWith('###')
+      ? 'Constructor'
+      : extractDescription(firstparagraph);
+
+    searchIndex.push({
+      t: title,
+      d: description,
+      k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description}`),
+      l: `/api-${section}#${title.toLowerCase()}`
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  `${__dirname}/../search-index.json`,
+  JSON.stringify(searchIndex)
+);

docs/search-index/extract.js

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const stopWords = [
+  'a',
+  'about',
+  'all',
+  'already',
+  'always',
+  'an',
+  'and',
+  'any',
+  'are',
+  'as',
+  'at',
+  'be',
+  'been',
+  'by',
+  'can',
+  'do',
+  'does',
+  'each',
+  'either',
+  'etc',
+  'for',
+  'from',
+  'get',
+  'gets',
+  'has',
+  'have',
+  'how',
+  'if',
+  'in',
+  'is',
+  'it',
+  'its',
+  'may',
+  'more',
+  'much',
+  'no',
+  'not',
+  'of',
+  'on',
+  'or',
+  'over',
+  'set',
+  'sets',
+  'should',
+  'that',
+  'the',
+  'their',
+  'there',
+  'therefore',
+  'these',
+  'this',
+  'to',
+  'use',
+  'using',
+  'when',
+  'which',
+  'will',
+  'with'
+];
+
+const extractDescription = (str) =>
+  str
+    .replace(/\(http[^)]+/g, '')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_/\-,. ]/g, '')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .substr(0, 140)
+    .trim();
+
+const extractKeywords = (str) =>
+  str
+    .split(/[ -/]/)
+    .map((word) => word.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, ''))
+    .filter((word) => word.length > 2 && !stopWords.includes(word))
+    .join(' ');
+
+module.exports = { extractDescription, extractKeywords };

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ const path = require('path');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const npmLog = require('npmlog');
 
-if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+const platform = process.env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+if (platform === 'win32') {
   const buildDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'build');
   const buildReleaseDir = path.join(buildDir, 'Release');
   npmLog.info('sharp', `Creating ${buildReleaseDir}`);

install/libvips.js

@@ -14,13 +14,23 @@ const agent = require('../lib/agent');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const platform = require('../lib/platform');
 
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = libvips.minimumLibvipsVersion;
-const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download/v${minimumLibvipsVersion}/`;
+const minimumGlibcVersionByArch = {
+  arm: '2.28',
+  arm64: '2.29',
+  x64: '2.17'
+};
+
+const { minimumLibvipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled } = libvips;
+const distHost = process.env.npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host || 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download';
+const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `${distHost}/v${minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled}/`;
 
 const fail = function (err) {
   npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
+  if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
+    npmLog.info('sharp', 'Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
+  }
   npmLog.info('sharp', 'Attempting to build from source via node-gyp but this may fail due to the above error');
-  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install for required dependencies');
+  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies');
   process.exit(1);
 };
 
@@ -54,17 +64,16 @@ try {
     // Is this arch/platform supported?
     const arch = process.env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
     const platformAndArch = platform();
-    if (platformAndArch === 'win32-ia32') {
-      throw new Error('Windows x86 (32-bit) node.exe is not supported');
-    }
-    if (arch === 'ia32') {
+    if (arch === 'ia32' && !platformAndArch.startsWith('win32')) {
       throw new Error(`Intel Architecture 32-bit systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
     if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'openbsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'sunos-x64') {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, '2.17.0')) {
-      throw new Error(`Use with glibc version ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version) {
+      if (semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
+        throw new Error(`Use with glibc ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+      }
     }
     // Download to per-process temporary file
     const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.gz';
@@ -79,14 +88,16 @@ try {
       npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
       simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
         if (err) {
-          throw err;
+          fail(err);
+        } else if (response.statusCode === 404) {
+          fail(new Error(`Prebuilt libvips ${minimumLibvipsVersion} binaries are not yet available for ${platformAndArch}`));
+        } else if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
+          fail(new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode} ${response.statusMessage}`));
+        } else {
+          response
+            .on('error', fail)
+            .pipe(tmpFile);
         }
-        if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
-          throw new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode}`);
-        }
-        response
-          .on('error', fail)
-          .pipe(tmpFile);
       });
       tmpFile
         .on('error', fail)

lib/agent.js

@@ -20,15 +20,18 @@ function env (key) {
 
 module.exports = function () {
   try {
-    const proxy = url.parse(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
+    const proxy = new url.URL(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
     const tunnel = proxy.protocol === 'https:'
       ? tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttps
       : tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttp;
+    const proxyAuth = proxy.username && proxy.password
+      ? `${proxy.username}:${proxy.password}`
+      : null;
     return tunnel({
       proxy: {
         port: Number(proxy.port),
         host: proxy.hostname,
-        proxyAuth: proxy.auth
+        proxyAuth
       }
     });
   } catch (err) {

lib/channel.js

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ function removeAlpha () {
 /**
  * Ensure alpha channel, if missing. The added alpha channel will be fully opaque. This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
  *
+ * @since 0.21.2
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('rgb.jpg')
  *   .ensureAlpha()
@@ -52,27 +54,25 @@ function ensureAlpha () {
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .extractChannel('green')
- *   .toFile('input_green.jpg', function(err, info) {
+ *   .toColourspace('b-w')
+ *   .toFile('green.jpg', function(err, info) {
  *     // info.channels === 1
- *     // input_green.jpg contains the green channel of the input image
+ *     // green.jpg is a greyscale image containing the green channel of the input
  *    });
  *
- * @param {Number|String} channel - zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
+ * @param {number|string} channel - zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid channel
  */
 function extractChannel (channel) {
-  if (channel === 'red') {
-    channel = 0;
-  } else if (channel === 'green') {
-    channel = 1;
-  } else if (channel === 'blue') {
-    channel = 2;
+  const channelMap = { red: 0, green: 1, blue: 2, alpha: 3 };
+  if (Object.keys(channelMap).includes(channel)) {
+    channel = channelMap[channel];
   }
   if (is.integer(channel) && is.inRange(channel, 0, 4)) {
     this.options.extractChannel = channel;
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue', channel);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue, alpha', channel);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ function extractChannel (channel) {
  * Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp: JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data.
  * For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, which follows the format of the attribute of the same name in the `sharp()` constructor.
  *
- * @param {Array<String|Buffer>|String|Buffer} images - one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
+ * @param {Array<string|Buffer>|string|Buffer} images - one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
  * @param {Object} options - image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ function joinChannel (images, options) {
  *     // then `O(1,1) = 0b11110111 & 0b10101010 & 0b00001111 = 0b00000010 = 2`.
  *   });
  *
- * @param {String} boolOp - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+ * @param {string} boolOp - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */

lib/colour.js

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const colourspace = {
  * Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
  * An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
  *
- * @param {String|Object} rgb - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values.
+ * @param {string|Object} rgb - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameter
  */
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
 /**
  * Set the output colourspace.
  * By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
- * @param {String} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568)
+ * @param {string} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function toColourspace (colourspace) {
 
 /**
  * Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
- * @param {String} [colorspace] - output colorspace.
+ * @param {string} [colorspace] - output colorspace.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -82,19 +82,23 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
 /**
  * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
- * @param {String} key
- * @param {String|Object} val
- * @throws {Error} Invalid key
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @param {string|Object} value
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid value
  */
-function _setColourOption (key, val) {
-  if (is.object(val) || is.string(val)) {
-    const colour = color(val);
-    this.options[key] = [
-      colour.red(),
-      colour.green(),
-      colour.blue(),
-      Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
-    ];
+function _setBackgroundColourOption (key, value) {
+  if (is.defined(value)) {
+    if (is.object(value) || is.string(value)) {
+      const colour = color(value);
+      this.options[key] = [
+        colour.red(),
+        colour.green(),
+        colour.blue(),
+        Math.round(colour.alpha() * 255)
+      ];
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('background', 'object or string', value);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toColourspace,
     toColorspace,
     // Private
-    _setColourOption
+    _setBackgroundColourOption
   });
   // Class attributes
   Sharp.colourspace = colourspace;

lib/composite.js

@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ const blend = {
  * https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
  * and https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
  *
+ * @since 0.22.0
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.png')
  *   .rotate(180)
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ const blend = {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object[]} images - Ordered list of images to composite
- * @param {Buffer|String} [images[].input] - Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
+ * @param {Buffer|String} [images[].input] - Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below)
  * @param {Object} [images[].input.create] - describes a blank overlay to be created.
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.width]
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.height]
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {Number} [images[].top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
  * @param {Number} [images[].left] - the pixel offset from the left edge.
  * @param {Boolean} [images[].tile=false] - set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`.
+ * @param {Boolean} [images[].premultiplied=false] - set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option.
  * @param {Number} [images[].density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector overlay image.
  * @param {Object} [images[].raw] - describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.width]
@@ -97,15 +100,15 @@ function composite (images) {
     if (!is.object(image)) {
       throw is.invalidParameterError('image to composite', 'object', image);
     }
-    const { raw, density } = image;
-    const inputOptions = (raw || density) ? { raw, density } : undefined;
+    const inputOptions = this._inputOptionsFromObject(image);
     const composite = {
       input: this._createInputDescriptor(image.input, inputOptions, { allowStream: false }),
       blend: 'over',
       tile: false,
       left: -1,
       top: -1,
-      gravity: 0
+      gravity: 0,
+      premultiplied: false
     };
     if (is.defined(image.blend)) {
       if (is.string(blend[image.blend])) {
@@ -147,6 +150,14 @@ function composite (images) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('gravity', 'valid gravity', image.gravity);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(image.premultiplied)) {
+      if (is.bool(image.premultiplied)) {
+        composite.premultiplied = image.premultiplied;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('premultiplied', 'boolean', image.premultiplied);
+      }
+    }
+
     return composite;
   });
   return this;

lib/constructor.js

@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@
 
 const util = require('util');
 const stream = require('stream');
-const events = require('events');
 const is = require('./is');
 
 require('./libvips').hasVendoredLibvips();
 
-let sharp;
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 try {
-  sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
+  require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 } catch (err) {
   // Bail early if bindings aren't available
   const help = ['', 'Something went wrong installing the "sharp" module', '', err.message, ''];
@@ -18,30 +16,42 @@ try {
     help.push('- Ensure the version of Node.js used at install time matches that used at runtime');
   } else if (/invalid ELF header/.test(err.message)) {
     help.push(`- Ensure "${process.platform}" is used at install time as well as runtime`);
+  } else if (/dylib/.test(err.message) && /Incompatible library version/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push('- Run "brew update && brew upgrade vips"');
+  } else if (/Cannot find module/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push('- Run "npm rebuild --verbose sharp" and look for errors');
   } else {
-    help.push('- Remove the "node_modules/sharp" directory, run "npm install" and look for errors');
+    help.push(
+      '- Remove the "node_modules/sharp" directory then run',
+      '  "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose" and look for errors'
+    );
   }
   help.push(
-    '- Consult the installation documentation at https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/en/stable/install/',
+    '- Consult the installation documentation at https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install',
     '- Search for this error at https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues', ''
   );
-  console.error(help.join('\n'));
-  process.exit(1);
+  const error = help.join('\n');
+  throw new Error(error);
 }
 
 // Use NODE_DEBUG=sharp to enable libvips warnings
 const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 
 /**
- * @class Sharp
- *
  * Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
  *
  * JPEG, PNG, WebP or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
  * When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
  *
+ * Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
+ *
  * Implements the [stream.Duplex](http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex) class.
  *
+ * @constructs Sharp
+ *
+ * @emits Sharp#info
+ * @emits Sharp#warning
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.jpg')
  *   .resize(300, 200)
@@ -76,25 +86,31 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * .toBuffer()
  * .then( ... );
  *
- * @param {(Buffer|String)} [input] - if present, can be
+ * @param {(Buffer|string)} [input] - if present, can be
  *  a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
- *  a String containing the path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+ *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
  *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
  *  Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid.
- * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images.
- * @param {Number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
- * @param {Number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
+ * @param {number|boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+ *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
+ *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+ *  This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems.
+ * @param {number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images.
+ * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
+ * @param {number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
+ * @param {number} [options.level=0] - level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based.
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.channels] - 1-4
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.width]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.height]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.channels] - 1-4
  * @param {Object} [options.create] - describes a new image to be created.
- * @param {Number} [options.create.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.channels] - 3-4
- * @param {String|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.width]
+ * @param {number} [options.create.height]
+ * @param {number} [options.create.channels] - 3-4
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -107,9 +123,6 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
   }
   stream.Duplex.call(this);
   this.options = {
-    // input options
-    sequentialRead: false,
-    limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
     // resize options
     topOffsetPre: -1,
     leftOffsetPre: -1,
@@ -156,7 +169,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     gamma: 0,
     gammaOut: 0,
     greyscale: false,
-    normalise: 0,
+    normalise: false,
     brightness: 1,
     saturation: 1,
     hue: 0,
@@ -212,14 +225,23 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     heifCompression: 'hevc',
     tileSize: 256,
     tileOverlap: 0,
+    tileContainer: 'fs',
+    tileLayout: 'dz',
+    tileFormat: 'last',
+    tileDepth: 'last',
+    tileAngle: 0,
     tileSkipBlanks: -1,
+    tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     linearA: 1,
     linearB: 0,
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-    debuglog: debuglog,
+    debuglog: warning => {
+      this.emit('warning', warning);
+      debuglog(warning);
+    },
     // Function to notify of queue length changes
     queueListener: function (queueLength) {
-      queue.emit('change', queueLength);
+      Sharp.queue.emit('change', queueLength);
     }
   };
   this.options.input = this._createInputDescriptor(input, options, { allowStream: true });
@@ -228,38 +250,84 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
 util.inherits(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
 
 /**
- * An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
- * - queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
- * - complete
- * @member
+ * Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
+ * Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
+ * This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
+ *
  * @example
- * sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
- *   console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+ * const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
+ * pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
+ * pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
+ * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
+ * // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
+ * // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Create a pipeline that will download an image, resize it and format it to different files
+ * // Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
+ * const fs = require("fs");
+ * const got = require("got");
+ * const sharpStream = sharp({
+ *   failOnError: false
  * });
+ *
+ * const promises = [];
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .jpeg({ quality: 100 })
+ *     .toFile("originalFile.jpg")
+ * );
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .resize({ width: 500 })
+ *     .jpeg({ quality: 80 })
+ *     .toFile("optimized-500.jpg")
+ * );
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .resize({ width: 500 })
+ *     .webp({ quality: 80 })
+ *     .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
+ * );
+ *
+ * // https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+ * got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
+ *
+ * Promise.all(promises)
+ *   .then(res => { console.log("Done!", res); })
+ *   .catch(err => {
+ *     console.error("Error processing files, let's clean it up", err);
+ *     try {
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("originalFile.jpg");
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.jpg");
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.webp");
+ *     } catch (e) {}
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-const queue = new events.EventEmitter();
-Sharp.queue = queue;
-
-/**
- * An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
- * @example
- * console.log(sharp.format);
- * @returns {Object}
- */
-Sharp.format = sharp.format();
-
-/**
- * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
- * @member
- * @example
- * console.log(sharp.versions);
- */
-Sharp.versions = {
-  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
-};
-try {
-  Sharp.versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
-} catch (err) {}
+function clone () {
+  // Clone existing options
+  const clone = this.constructor.call();
+  clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
+  // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
+  if (this._isStreamInput()) {
+    this.on('finish', () => {
+      // Clone inherits input data
+      this._flattenBufferIn();
+      clone.options.bufferIn = this.options.bufferIn;
+      clone.emit('finish');
+    });
+  }
+  return clone;
+}
+Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, { clone });
 
 /**
  * Export constructor.

lib/input.js

@@ -4,12 +4,27 @@ const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
+/**
+ * Extract input options, if any, from an object.
+ * @private
+ */
+function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
+  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError } = obj;
+  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError].some(is.defined)
+    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError }
+    : undefined;
+}
+
 /**
  * Create Object containing input and input-related options.
  * @private
  */
 function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
-  const inputDescriptor = { failOnError: true };
+  const inputDescriptor = {
+    failOnError: true,
+    limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
+    sequentialRead: false
+  };
   if (is.string(input)) {
     // filesystem
     inputDescriptor.file = input;
@@ -19,15 +34,17 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   } else if (is.plainObject(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     // Plain Object descriptor, e.g. create
     inputOptions = input;
-    if (is.plainObject(inputOptions.raw) || is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
-      // Raw Stream
+    if (_inputOptionsFromObject(inputOptions)) {
+      // Stream with options
       inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
     }
-  } else if (!is.defined(input) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
-    // Stream
+  } else if (!is.defined(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
+    // Stream without options
     inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Unsupported input ' + typeof input);
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported input '${input}' of type ${typeof input}${
+      is.defined(inputOptions) ? ` when also providing options of type ${typeof inputOptions}` : ''
+    }`);
   }
   if (is.object(inputOptions)) {
     // Fail on error
@@ -46,6 +63,26 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 2400', inputOptions.density);
       }
     }
+    // limitInputPixels
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
+        inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels
+          ? Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2)
+          : 0;
+      } else if (is.integer(inputOptions.limitInputPixels) && inputOptions.limitInputPixels >= 0) {
+        inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer >= 0', inputOptions.limitInputPixels);
+      }
+    }
+    // sequentialRead
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
+        inputDescriptor.sequentialRead = inputOptions.sequentialRead;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('sequentialRead', 'boolean', inputOptions.sequentialRead);
+      }
+    }
     // Raw pixel input
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.raw)) {
       if (
@@ -65,11 +102,23 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.pages)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.pages) && is.inRange(inputOptions.pages, -1, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.pages = inputOptions.pages;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('pages', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.pages);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.page)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.page) && is.inRange(inputOptions.page, 0, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.page = inputOptions.page;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
+      }
+    }
+    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.level, 0, 256)) {
+        inputDescriptor.level = inputOptions.level;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.level);
       }
     }
     // Create new image
@@ -106,7 +155,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
  * Handle incoming Buffer chunk on Writable Stream.
  * @private
  * @param {Buffer} chunk
- * @param {String} encoding - unused
+ * @param {string} encoding - unused
  * @param {Function} callback
  */
 function _write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
@@ -142,43 +191,12 @@ function _flattenBufferIn () {
 /**
  * Are we expecting Stream-based input?
  * @private
- * @returns {Boolean}
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function _isStreamInput () {
   return Array.isArray(this.options.input.buffer);
 }
 
-/**
- * Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
- * Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
- * This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
- *
- * @example
- * const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
- * pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
- * pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
- * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
- * // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
- * // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
- *
- * @returns {Sharp}
- */
-function clone () {
-  // Clone existing options
-  const clone = this.constructor.call();
-  clone.options = Object.assign({}, this.options);
-  // Pass 'finish' event to clone for Stream-based input
-  if (this._isStreamInput()) {
-    this.on('finish', () => {
-      // Clone inherits input data
-      this._flattenBufferIn();
-      clone.options.bufferIn = this.options.bufferIn;
-      clone.emit('finish');
-    });
-  }
-  return clone;
-}
-
 /**
  * Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
@@ -187,15 +205,18 @@ function clone () {
  * - `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
  * - `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
  * - `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
- * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L636)
+ * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation)
  * - `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
- * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L672)
+ * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat)
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
  * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
  * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
  * - `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
- * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in this PDF image will be.
+ * - `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+ * - `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+ * - `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
  * - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
+ * - `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -203,6 +224,7 @@ function clone () {
  * - `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
  * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
  * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+ * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -275,8 +297,9 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *     - `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
  *     - `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  *     - `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
- * - `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
+ * - `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
  * - `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+ * - `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -286,6 +309,9 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *      // stats contains the channel-wise statistics array and the isOpaque value
  *   });
  *
+ * @example
+ * const { entropy, sharpness } = await sharp(input).stats();
+ *
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
  * @returns {Promise<Object>}
  */
@@ -328,43 +354,6 @@ function stats (callback) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Do not process input images where the number of pixels (width x height) exceeds this limit.
- * Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
- * The default limit is 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF) pixels.
- * @param {(Number|Boolean)} limit - an integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit.
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} Invalid limit
-*/
-function limitInputPixels (limit) {
-  // if we pass in false we represent the integer as 0 to disable
-  if (limit === false) {
-    limit = 0;
-  } else if (limit === true) {
-    limit = Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2);
-  }
-  if (is.integer(limit) && limit >= 0) {
-    this.options.limitInputPixels = limit;
-  } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer', limit);
-  }
-  return this;
-}
-
-/**
- * An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to `VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL`.
- * This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
- *
- * The default behaviour *before* function call is `false`, meaning the libvips access method is not sequential.
- *
- * @param {Boolean} [sequentialRead=true]
- * @returns {Sharp}
- */
-function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
-  this.options.sequentialRead = is.bool(sequentialRead) ? sequentialRead : true;
-  return this;
-}
-
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with input-related functions.
  * @private
@@ -372,15 +361,13 @@ function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, {
     // Private
+    _inputOptionsFromObject,
     _createInputDescriptor,
     _write,
     _flattenBufferIn,
     _isStreamInput,
     // Public
-    clone,
     metadata,
-    stats,
-    limitInputPixels,
-    sequentialRead
+    stats
   });
 };

lib/is.js

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const object = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const plainObject = function (val) {
-  return object(val) && Object.prototype.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';
 };
 
 /**
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const bool = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const buffer = function (val) {
-  return object(val) && val instanceof Buffer;
+  return val instanceof Buffer;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ const number = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const integer = function (val) {
-  return number(val) && val % 1 === 0;
+  return Number.isInteger(val);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ const inRange = function (val, min, max) {
  * @private
  */
 const inArray = function (val, list) {
-  return list.indexOf(val) !== -1;
+  return list.includes(val);
 };
 
 /**
  * Create an Error with a message relating to an invalid parameter.
  *
- * @param {String} name - parameter name.
- * @param {String} expected - description of the type/value/range expected.
+ * @param {string} name - parameter name.
+ * @param {string} expected - description of the type/value/range expected.
  * @param {*} actual - the value received.
  * @returns {Error} Containing the formatted message.
  * @private

lib/libvips.js

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ const semver = require('semver');
 const platform = require('./platform');
 
 const env = process.env;
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
+const minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
   require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = semver.coerce(minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled).version;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
   encoding: 'utf8',
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
     if (currentPlatformId === vendorPlatformId) {
       return true;
     } else {
-      throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
+      throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp' directory and run 'npm install' on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform.`);
     }
   } else {
     return false;
@@ -93,11 +94,12 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
 };
 
 module.exports = {
-  minimumLibvipsVersion: minimumLibvipsVersion,
-  cachePath: cachePath,
-  globalLibvipsVersion: globalLibvipsVersion,
-  hasVendoredLibvips: hasVendoredLibvips,
-  pkgConfigPath: pkgConfigPath,
-  useGlobalLibvips: useGlobalLibvips,
-  mkdirSync: mkdirSync
+  minimumLibvipsVersion,
+  minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled,
+  cachePath,
+  globalLibvipsVersion,
+  hasVendoredLibvips,
+  pkgConfigPath,
+  useGlobalLibvips,
+  mkdirSync
 };

lib/operation.js

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *   });
  * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
  *
- * @param {Number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
+ * @param {number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ function flop (flop) {
  * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
  * Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is available.
  *
- * @param {Number} [sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
- * @param {Number} [flat=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas.
- * @param {Number} [jagged=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas.
+ * @param {number} [sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {number} [flat=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas.
+ * @param {number} [jagged=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
 /**
  * Apply median filter.
  * When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
- * @param {Number} [size=3] square mask size: size x size
+ * @param {number} [size=3] square mask size: size x size
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ function median (size) {
  * Blur the image.
  * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild blur of the output image.
  * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
- * @param {Number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -173,13 +173,13 @@ function blur (sigma) {
 /**
  * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function flatten (options) {
   this.options.flatten = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
   if (is.object(options)) {
-    this._setColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('flattenBackground', options.background);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ function flatten (options) {
  *
  * Supply a second argument to use a different output gamma value, otherwise the first value is used in both cases.
  *
- * @param {Number} [gamma=2.2] value between 1.0 and 3.0.
- * @param {Number} [gammaOut] value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
+ * @param {number} [gamma=2.2] value between 1.0 and 3.0.
+ * @param {number} [gammaOut] value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -264,11 +264,11 @@ function normalize (normalize) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} kernel
- * @param {Number} kernel.width - width of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Number} kernel.height - width of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Array<Number>} kernel.kernel - Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
- * @param {Number} [kernel.scale=sum] - the scale of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Number} [kernel.offset=0] - the offset of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} kernel.width - width of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} kernel.height - width of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {Array<number>} kernel.kernel - Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
+ * @param {number} [kernel.scale=sum] - the scale of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} [kernel.offset=0] - the offset of the kernel in pixels.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ function convolve (kernel) {
 
 /**
  * Any pixel value greather than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
- * @param {Number} [threshold=128] - a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied.
+ * @param {number} [threshold=128] - a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {Boolean} [options.greyscale=true] - convert to single channel greyscale.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.grayscale=true] - alternative spelling for greyscale.
@@ -331,13 +331,13 @@ function threshold (threshold, options) {
  * This operation creates an output image where each pixel is the result of
  * the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the input images.
  *
- * @param {Buffer|String} operand - Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
- * @param {String} operator - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+ * @param {Buffer|string} operand - Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file.
+ * @param {string} operator - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes operand when using raw pixel data.
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.channels]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.width]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.height]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.channels]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ function boolean (operand, operator, options) {
 
 /**
  * Apply the linear formula a * input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
- * @param {Number} [a=1.0] multiplier
- * @param {Number} [b=0.0] offset
+ * @param {number} [a=1.0] multiplier
+ * @param {number} [b=0.0] offset
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -379,6 +379,8 @@ function linear (a, b) {
 /**
  * Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
  *
+ * @since 0.21.1
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .recomb([
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ function linear (a, b) {
  *     // With this example input, a sepia filter has been applied
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Array<Array<Number>>} 3x3 Recombination matrix
+ * @param {Array<Array<number>>} inputMatrix - 3x3 Recombination matrix
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -416,6 +418,8 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
 /**
  * Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
  *
+ * @since 0.22.1
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
@@ -436,9 +440,9 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier
- * @param {Number} [options.saturation] Saturation multiplier
- * @param {Number} [options.hue] Degrees for hue rotation
+ * @param {number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier
+ * @param {number} [options.saturation] Saturation multiplier
+ * @param {number} [options.hue] Degrees for hue rotation
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function modulate (options) {

lib/output.js

@@ -3,6 +3,17 @@
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
+const formats = new Map([
+  ['heic', 'heif'],
+  ['heif', 'heif'],
+  ['jpeg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['jpg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['png', 'png'],
+  ['raw', 'raw'],
+  ['tiff', 'tiff'],
+  ['webp', 'webp']
+]);
+
 /**
  * Write output image data to a file.
  *
@@ -10,6 +21,9 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
  * Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
  *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
+ *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * @example
@@ -22,7 +36,7 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  *   .then(info => { ... })
  *   .catch(err => { ... });
  *
- * @param {String} fileOut - the path to write the image data to.
+ * @param {string} fileOut - the path to write the image data to.
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
  * `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
@@ -57,7 +71,11 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
 /**
  * Write output to a Buffer.
  * JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
- * By default, the format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ *
+ * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
+ * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
  *
  * `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
  * - `err` is an error, if any.
@@ -85,22 +103,26 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  *   .catch(err => { ... });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.resolveWithObject] Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveWithObject] Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
  * @param {Function} [callback]
  * @returns {Promise<Buffer>} - when no callback is provided
  */
 function toBuffer (options, callback) {
   if (is.object(options)) {
     this._setBooleanOption('resolveWithObject', options.resolveWithObject);
+  } else if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
+    this.options.resolveWithObject = false;
   }
   return this._pipeline(is.fn(options) ? options : callback);
 }
 
 /**
  * Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
- * The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
  * This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
  *
+ * The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
+ * sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.jpg')
  *   .withMetadata()
@@ -108,7 +130,7 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * @param {number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -126,9 +148,33 @@ function withMetadata (options) {
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Force output to a given format.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert any input to PNG output
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .toFormat('png')
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {(string|Object)} format - as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+ * @param {Object} options - output options
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
+ */
+function toFormat (format, options) {
+  const actualFormat = formats.get(is.object(format) && is.string(format.id) ? format.id : format);
+  if (!actualFormat) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', `one of: ${[...formats.keys()].join(', ')}`, format);
+  }
+  return this[actualFormat](options);
+}
+
 /**
  * Use these JPEG options for output image.
  *
+ * Some of these options require the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg.
+ *
  * @example
  * // Convert any input to very high quality JPEG output
  * const data = await sharp(input)
@@ -139,18 +185,18 @@ function withMetadata (options) {
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
- * @param {String} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:2:0'] - set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90
- * @param {Boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
- * @param {Number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
+ * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:2:0'] - for quality < 90, set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' (use chroma subsampling); for quality >= 90 chroma is never subsampled
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
+ * @param {boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -209,6 +255,8 @@ function jpeg (options) {
  * PNG output is always full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
  * Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
  *
+ * Some of these options require the use of a globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (GPL).
+ *
  * @example
  * // Convert any input to PNG output
  * const data = await sharp(input)
@@ -216,15 +264,15 @@ function jpeg (options) {
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
- * @param {Number} [options.compressionLevel=9] - zlib compression level, 0-9
- * @param {Boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
- * @param {Boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
+ * @param {number} [options.compressionLevel=9] - zlib compression level, 0-9
+ * @param {boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
+ * @param {boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -245,28 +293,30 @@ function png (options) {
     }
     if (is.defined(options.palette)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', options.palette);
-      if (this.options.pngPalette) {
-        if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
-          if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 0, 100)) {
-            this.options.pngQuality = options.quality;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.quality);
-          }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.quality) || is.defined(options.colours || options.colors) || is.defined(options.dither)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', true);
+    }
+    if (this.options.pngPalette) {
+      if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+        if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 0, 100)) {
+          this.options.pngQuality = options.quality;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.quality);
         }
-        const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
-        if (is.defined(colours)) {
-          if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
-            this.options.pngColours = colours;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
-          }
+      }
+      const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
+      if (is.defined(colours)) {
+        if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
+          this.options.pngColours = colours;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
         }
-        if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
-          if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
-            this.options.pngDither = options.dither;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
-          }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
+        if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
+          this.options.pngDither = options.dither;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -284,13 +334,13 @@ function png (options) {
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
- * @param {Boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
- * @param {Boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
- * @param {Number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
+ * @param {boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
+ * @param {boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
+ * @param {number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -342,17 +392,17 @@ function webp (options) {
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
- * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4
- * @param {Boolean} [options.predictor='horizontal'] - compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float
- * @param {Boolean} [options.pyramid=false] - write an image pyramid
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tile=false] - write a tiled tiff
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tileWidth=256] - horizontal tile size
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tileHeight=256] - vertical tile size
- * @param {Number} [options.xres=1.0] - horizontal resolution in pixels/mm
- * @param {Number} [options.yres=1.0] - vertical resolution in pixels/mm
- * @param {Boolean} [options.squash=false] - squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {boolean} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4
+ * @param {boolean} [options.predictor='horizontal'] - compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float
+ * @param {boolean} [options.pyramid=false] - write an image pyramid
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tile=false] - write a tiled tiff
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tileWidth=256] - horizontal tile size
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tileHeight=256] - vertical tile size
+ * @param {number} [options.xres=1.0] - horizontal resolution in pixels/mm
+ * @param {number} [options.yres=1.0] - vertical resolution in pixels/mm
+ * @param {boolean} [options.squash=false] - squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -435,10 +485,12 @@ function tiff (options) {
  *
  * Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
  *
+ * @since 0.23.0
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='hevc'] - compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1
- * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.compression='hevc'] - compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -473,7 +525,9 @@ function heif (options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
+ * Force output to be raw, uncompressed, 8-bit unsigned integer (unit8) pixel data.
+ * Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
+ * Channel ordering will be RGB or RGBA for non-greyscale colourspaces.
  *
  * @example
  * // Extract raw RGB pixel data from JPEG input
@@ -481,37 +535,21 @@ function heif (options) {
  *   .raw()
  *   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Extract alpha channel as raw pixel data from PNG input
+ * const data = await sharp('input.png')
+ *   .ensureAlpha()
+ *   .extractChannel(3)
+ *   .toColourspace('b-w')
+ *   .raw()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function raw () {
   return this._updateFormatOut('raw');
 }
 
-/**
- * Force output to a given format.
- *
- * @example
- * // Convert any input to PNG output
- * const data = await sharp(input)
- *   .toFormat('png')
- *   .toBuffer();
- *
- * @param {(String|Object)} format - as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
- * @param {Object} options - output options
- * @returns {Sharp}
- * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
- */
-function toFormat (format, options) {
-  if (is.object(format) && is.string(format.id)) {
-    format = format.id;
-  }
-  if (format === 'jpg') format = 'jpeg';
-  if (!is.inArray(format, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp', 'tiff', 'raw'])) {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('format', 'one of: jpeg, png, webp, tiff, raw', format);
-  }
-  return this[format](options);
-}
-
 /**
  * Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
  * Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
@@ -531,13 +569,14 @@ function toFormat (format, options) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
- * @param {String} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
- * @param {Number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
- * @param {String} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
- * @param {String} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
+ * @param {number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
+ * @param {number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
+ * @param {string} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+ * @param {number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
+ * @param {string} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
+ * @param {string} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -557,7 +596,7 @@ function tile (options) {
         if (options.overlap > this.options.tileSize) {
           throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', `<= size (${this.options.tileSize})`, options.overlap);
         }
-        this.options.tileOverlap = tile.overlap;
+        this.options.tileOverlap = options.overlap;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('overlap', 'integer between 0 and 8192', options.overlap);
       }
@@ -572,10 +611,10 @@ function tile (options) {
     }
     // Layout
     if (is.defined(options.layout)) {
-      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'iiif', 'zoomify'])) {
         this.options.tileLayout = options.layout;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, zoomify', options.layout);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, iiif, zoomify', options.layout);
       }
     }
     // Angle of rotation,
@@ -586,6 +625,8 @@ function tile (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('angle', 'positive/negative multiple of 90', options.angle);
       }
     }
+    // Background colour
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('tileBackground', options.background);
     // Depth of tiles
     if (is.defined(options.depth)) {
       if (is.string(options.depth) && is.inArray(options.depth, ['onepixel', 'onetile', 'one'])) {
@@ -618,9 +659,9 @@ function tile (options) {
  * Update the output format unless options.force is false,
  * in which case revert to input format.
  * @private
- * @param {String} formatOut
+ * @param {string} formatOut
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force output format, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force output format, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function _updateFormatOut (formatOut, options) {
@@ -631,10 +672,10 @@ function _updateFormatOut (formatOut, options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Update a Boolean attribute of the this.options Object.
+ * Update a boolean attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
- * @param {String} key
- * @param {Boolean} val
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @param {boolean} val
  * @throws {Error} Invalid key
  */
 function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
@@ -757,13 +798,13 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     toFile,
     toBuffer,
     withMetadata,
+    toFormat,
     jpeg,
     png,
     webp,
     tiff,
     heif,
     raw,
-    toFormat,
     tile,
     // Private
     _updateFormatOut,

lib/platform.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const env = process.env;
 module.exports = function () {
   const arch = env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
   const platform = env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
   const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) ? detectLibc.family : '';
 
   const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];

lib/resize.js

@@ -85,21 +85,30 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
   outside: 'min'
 };
 
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+function isRotationExpected (options) {
+  return (options.angle % 360) !== 0 || options.useExifOrientation === true || options.rotationAngle !== 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
  *
  * When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
- * - `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
- * - `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
+ * - `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+ * - `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
  * - `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
  * - `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
  * - `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+ *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
  *
  * When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
  * - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
  * - `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
  * - `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
+ *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
  *
  * The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
@@ -173,8 +182,16 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
  *     // and no larger than the input image
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
- * @param {Number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+ * @example
+ * const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
+ *   .metadata()
+ *   .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
+ *     .resize(Math.round(width * 0.5))
+ *     .toBuffer()
+ *   );
+ *
+ * @param {number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+ * @param {number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {String} [options.width] - alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
  * @param {String} [options.height] - alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
@@ -210,12 +227,20 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
   }
   if (is.object(options)) {
     // Width
-    if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
-      this.options.width = options.width;
+    if (is.defined(options.width)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
+        this.options.width = options.width;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', options.width);
+      }
     }
     // Height
-    if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
-      this.options.height = options.height;
+    if (is.defined(options.height)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
+        this.options.height = options.height;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'positive integer', options.height);
+      }
     }
     // Fit
     if (is.defined(options.fit)) {
@@ -238,9 +263,7 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
       }
     }
     // Background
-    if (is.defined(options.background)) {
-      this._setColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
-    }
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('resizeBackground', options.background);
     // Kernel
     if (is.defined(options.kernel)) {
       if (is.string(kernel[options.kernel])) {
@@ -279,11 +302,11 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
  *   })
  *   ...
  *
- * @param {(Number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
- * @param {Number} [extend.top]
- * @param {Number} [extend.left]
- * @param {Number} [extend.bottom]
- * @param {Number} [extend.right]
+ * @param {(number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+ * @param {number} [extend.top]
+ * @param {number} [extend.left]
+ * @param {number} [extend.bottom]
+ * @param {number} [extend.right]
  * @param {String|Object} [extend.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -305,7 +328,7 @@ function extend (extend) {
     this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
     this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
     this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
-    this._setColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('extend', 'integer or object', extend);
   }
@@ -313,7 +336,7 @@ function extend (extend) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Extract a region of the image.
+ * Extract/crop a region of the image.
  *
  * - Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
  * - Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
@@ -335,10 +358,10 @@ function extend (extend) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} options - describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
- * @param {Number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
- * @param {Number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
- * @param {Number} options.width - width of region to extract
- * @param {Number} options.height - height of region to extract
+ * @param {number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
+ * @param {number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
+ * @param {number} options.width - width of region to extract
+ * @param {number} options.height - height of region to extract
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -353,7 +376,7 @@ function extract (options) {
     }
   }, this);
   // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true || this.options.rotationAngle !== 0)) {
+  if (suffix === 'Pre' && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
     this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
   }
   return this;
@@ -361,8 +384,11 @@ function extract (options) {
 
 /**
  * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
+ * Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+ *
  * The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
- * @param {Number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
+ *
+ * @param {number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -374,6 +400,9 @@ function trim (threshold) {
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'number greater than zero', threshold);
   }
+  if (this.options.trimThreshold && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
+    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  }
   return this;
 }
 

lib/utility.js

@@ -1,8 +1,31 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const events = require('events');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
 
+/**
+ * An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * console.log(sharp.format);
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+const format = sharp.format();
+
+/**
+ * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * console.log(sharp.versions);
+ */
+let versions = {
+  vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
+};
+try {
+  versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
+} catch (err) {}
+
 /**
  * Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
  * Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
@@ -16,10 +39,10 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  * sharp.cache( { files: 0 } );
  * sharp.cache(false);
  *
- * @param {Object|Boolean} [options=true] - Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching
- * @param {Number} [options.memory=50] - is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache
- * @param {Number} [options.files=20] - is the maximum number of files to hold open
- * @param {Number} [options.items=100] - is the maximum number of operations to cache
+ * @param {Object|boolean} [options=true] - Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching
+ * @param {number} [options.memory=50] - is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache
+ * @param {number} [options.files=20] - is the maximum number of files to hold open
+ * @param {number} [options.items=100] - is the maximum number of operations to cache
  * @returns {Object}
  */
 function cache (options) {
@@ -54,13 +77,25 @@ cache(true);
  * sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
  * sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
  *
- * @param {Number} [concurrency]
- * @returns {Number} concurrency
+ * @param {number} [concurrency]
+ * @returns {number} concurrency
  */
 function concurrency (concurrency) {
   return sharp.concurrency(is.integer(concurrency) ? concurrency : null);
 }
 
+/**
+ * An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
+ * - queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
+ * - complete
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
+ *   console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+ * });
+ */
+const queue = new events.EventEmitter();
+
 /**
  * Provides access to internal task counters.
  * - queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread from its pool.
@@ -89,8 +124,8 @@ function counters () {
  * const simd = sharp.simd(false);
  * // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
  *
- * @param {Boolean} [simd=true]
- * @returns {Boolean}
+ * @param {boolean} [simd=true]
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function simd (simd) {
   return sharp.simd(is.bool(simd) ? simd : null);
@@ -110,4 +145,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   ].forEach(function (f) {
     Sharp[f.name] = f;
   });
+  Sharp.format = format;
+  Sharp.versions = versions;
+  Sharp.queue = queue;
 };

mkdocs.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-site_name: sharp
-site_url: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/
-repo_url: https://github.com/lovell/sharp
-site_description: High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images
-copyright: <a href="https://pixelplumbing.com/">pixelplumbing.com</a>
-google_analytics: ['UA-13034748-12', 'sharp.pixelplumbing.com']
-theme: readthedocs
-extra_css:
-  - css/extra.css
-markdown_extensions:
-  - toc:
-      permalink: True
-pages:
-  - Home: index.md
-  - Installation: install.md
-  - API:
-    - Constructor: api-constructor.md
-    - Input: api-input.md
-    - Output: api-output.md
-    - "Resizing images": api-resize.md
-    - "Compositing images": api-composite.md
-    - "Image operations": api-operation.md
-    - "Colour manipulation": api-colour.md
-    - "Channel manipulation": api-channel.md
-    - Utilities: api-utility.md
-  - Performance: performance.md
-  - Changelog: changelog.md

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.23.0",
+  "version": "0.25.4",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -61,19 +61,33 @@
     "Keith Belovay <keith@picthrive.com>",
     "Michael B. Klein <mbklein@gmail.com>",
     "Jordan Prudhomme <jordan@raboland.fr>",
-    "Ilya Ovdin <iovdin@gmail.com>"
+    "Ilya Ovdin <iovdin@gmail.com>",
+    "Andargor <andargor@yahoo.com>",
+    "Paul Neave <paul.neave@gmail.com>",
+    "Brendan Kennedy <brenwken@gmail.com>",
+    "Brychan Bennett-Odlum <git@brychan.io>",
+    "Edward Silverton <e.silverton@gmail.com>",
+    "Roman Malieiev <aromaleev@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
+    "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install --runtime=napi) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
     "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
-    "test": "semistandard && cc && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
+    "test": "semistandard && cpplint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
     "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=5000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;MIT\"",
     "test-coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
-    "docs": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done"
+    "docs-build": "documentation lint lib && for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done && node docs/search-index/build",
+    "docs-serve": "cd docs && npx serve",
+    "docs-publish": "cd docs && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
   },
   "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "files": [
+    "binding.gyp",
+    "install/**",
+    "lib/**",
+    "src/**"
+  ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
     "url": "git://github.com/lovell/sharp"
@@ -97,36 +111,44 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "color": "^3.1.2",
     "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "nan": "^2.14.0",
+    "node-addon-api": "^3.0.0",
     "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
-    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.0",
-    "semver": "^6.3.0",
-    "simple-get": "^3.0.3",
-    "tar": "^4.4.10",
+    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.4",
+    "semver": "^7.3.2",
+    "simple-get": "^4.0.0",
+    "tar": "^6.0.2",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^3.1.0",
-    "cc": "^1.0.2",
+    "async": "^3.2.0",
+    "cc": "^2.0.1",
     "decompress-zip": "^0.3.2",
-    "documentation": "^12.0.3",
-    "exif-reader": "^1.0.2",
+    "documentation": "^13.0.1",
+    "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
     "icc": "^1.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^6.2.0",
-    "mock-fs": "^4.10.1",
-    "nyc": "^14.1.1",
-    "prebuild": "^9.0.1",
+    "mocha": "^8.0.1",
+    "mock-fs": "^4.12.0",
+    "nyc": "^15.1.0",
+    "prebuild": "^10.0.0",
     "prebuild-ci": "^3.1.0",
-    "rimraf": "^2.6.3",
-    "semistandard": "^13.0.1"
+    "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
+    "semistandard": "^14.2.0"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.8.1"
+    "libvips": "8.9.1"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=8.5.0"
+    "node": ">=10"
+  },
+  "funding": {
+    "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+  },
+  "binary": {
+    "napi_versions": [
+      3
+    ]
   },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [
@@ -136,10 +158,7 @@
   "cc": {
     "linelength": "120",
     "filter": [
-      "build/c++11",
-      "build/include",
-      "runtime/indentation_namespace",
-      "runtime/references"
+      "build/include"
     ]
   }
 }

src/common.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
-#include <mutex>
+#include <mutex>  // NOLINT(build/c++11)
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <node_buffer.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -30,61 +28,81 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::Has(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
+  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
+  bool HasAttr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Has(attr);
   }
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return *Nan::Utf8String(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked());
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::String>();
   }
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> background = AttrAs<v8::Object>(obj, attr);
-    std::vector<double> rgba(4);
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-      rgba[i] = AttrTo<double>(background, i);
+  uint32_t AttrAsUint32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value();
+  }
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+  }
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+  }
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+  }
+  bool AttrAsBool(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Boolean>().Value();
+  }
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    Napi::Array background = obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Array>();
+    std::vector<double> rgba(background.Length());
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < background.Length(); i++) {
+      rgba[i] = AttrAsDouble(background, i);
     }
     return rgba;
   }
 
-  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
-  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist
-  ) {
-    Nan::HandleScope();
+  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
+  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input) {
     InputDescriptor *descriptor = new InputDescriptor;
     if (HasAttr(input, "file")) {
       descriptor->file = AttrAsStr(input, "file");
     } else if (HasAttr(input, "buffer")) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> buffer = AttrAs<v8::Object>(input, "buffer");
-      descriptor->bufferLength = node::Buffer::Length(buffer);
-      descriptor->buffer = node::Buffer::Data(buffer);
-      buffersToPersist.push_back(buffer);
+      Napi::Buffer<char> buffer = input.Get("buffer").As<Napi::Buffer<char>>();
+      descriptor->bufferLength = buffer.Length();
+      descriptor->buffer = buffer.Data();
+      descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
     }
-    descriptor->failOnError = AttrTo<bool>(input, "failOnError");
+    descriptor->failOnError = AttrAsBool(input, "failOnError");
     // Density for vector-based input
     if (HasAttr(input, "density")) {
-      descriptor->density = AttrTo<double>(input, "density");
+      descriptor->density = AttrAsDouble(input, "density");
     }
     // Raw pixel input
     if (HasAttr(input, "rawChannels")) {
-      descriptor->rawChannels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawChannels");
-      descriptor->rawWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawWidth");
-      descriptor->rawHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawHeight");
+      descriptor->rawChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawChannels");
+      descriptor->rawWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawWidth");
+      descriptor->rawHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawHeight");
     }
     // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
     if (HasAttr(input, "pages")) {
-      descriptor->pages = AttrTo<int32_t>(input, "pages");
+      descriptor->pages = AttrAsInt32(input, "pages");
     }
     if (HasAttr(input, "page")) {
-      descriptor->page = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "page");
+      descriptor->page = AttrAsUint32(input, "page");
+    }
+    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
+    if (HasAttr(input, "level")) {
+      descriptor->level = AttrAsUint32(input, "level");
     }
     // Create new image
     if (HasAttr(input, "createChannels")) {
-      descriptor->createChannels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createChannels");
-      descriptor->createWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createWidth");
-      descriptor->createHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createHeight");
+      descriptor->createChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "createChannels");
+      descriptor->createWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "createWidth");
+      descriptor->createHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createHeight");
       descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsRgba(input, "createBackground");
     }
+    // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
+    descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrAsUint32(input, "limitInputPixels");
+    // Allow switch from random to sequential access
+    descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
     return descriptor;
   }
 
@@ -147,7 +165,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::OPENSLIDE: id = "openslide"; break;
       case ImageType::PPM: id = "ppm"; break;
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
-      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "v"; break;
+      case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
       case ImageType::MISSING: id = "missing"; break;
@@ -196,7 +214,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       std::string const loader = load;
       if (EndsWith(loader, "JpegFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::JPEG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Png")) {
+      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PngFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::PNG;
       } else if (EndsWith(loader, "WebpFile")) {
         imageType = ImageType::WEBP;
@@ -243,10 +261,10 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
-  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor, VipsAccess accessMethod) {
+  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor) {
     VImage image;
     ImageType imageType;
-    if (descriptor->buffer != nullptr) {
+    if (descriptor->isBuffer) {
       if (descriptor->rawChannels > 0) {
         // Raw, uncompressed pixel data
         image = VImage::new_from_memory(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength,
@@ -263,8 +281,11 @@ namespace sharp {
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", accessMethod)
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
+            }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
@@ -275,9 +296,12 @@ namespace sharp {
               option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
               option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
             image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input buffer has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
@@ -309,8 +333,11 @@ namespace sharp {
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
-              ->set("access", accessMethod)
+              ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
+            }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
@@ -321,9 +348,12 @@ namespace sharp {
               option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
               option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
             image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
-              SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
+              image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
             }
           } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
             throw vips::VError(std::string("Input file has corrupt header: ") + err.what());
@@ -333,6 +363,11 @@ namespace sharp {
         }
       }
     }
+    // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
+    if (descriptor->limitInputPixels > 0 &&
+      static_cast<uint64_t>(image.width() * image.height()) > static_cast<uint64_t>(descriptor->limitInputPixels)) {
+      throw vips::VError("Input image exceeds pixel limit");
+    }
     return std::make_tuple(image, imageType);
   }
 
@@ -370,15 +405,19 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
-    image.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION, orientation);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
-    vips_image_remove(image.get_image(), VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.remove(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
@@ -398,11 +437,13 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
     const double pixelsPerMm = density / 25.4;
-    image.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
-    image.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
-    image.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    return copy;
   }
 
   /*
@@ -423,11 +464,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Called when a Buffer undergoes GC, required to support mixed runtime libraries in Windows
   */
-  void FreeCallback(char* data, void* hint) {
-    if (data != nullptr) {
-      g_free(data);
-    }
-  }
+  std::function<void(void*, char*)> FreeCallback = [](void*, char* data) {
+    g_free(data);
+  };
 
   /*
     Temporary buffer of warnings

src/common.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,23 +19,22 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
-#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 8))
-#error libvips version 8.8.0+ is required - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install
+#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 9))
+#error "libvips version 8.9.1+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
-#error GCC version 4.6+ is required for C++11 features - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install#prerequisites
+#error "GCC version 4.6+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if (defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_feature))
 #if (!__has_feature(cxx_range_for))
-#error clang version 3.0+ is required for C++11 features - see sharp.pixelplumbing.com/page/install#prerequisites
+#error "clang version 3.0+ is required for C++11 features - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -43,18 +42,22 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  struct InputDescriptor {
+  struct InputDescriptor {  // NOLINT(runtime/indentation_namespace)
     std::string name;
     std::string file;
     char *buffer;
     bool failOnError;
+    int limitInputPixels;
+    VipsAccess access;
     size_t bufferLength;
+    bool isBuffer;
     double density;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
     int rawHeight;
     int pages;
     int page;
+    int level;
     int createChannels;
     int createWidth;
     int createHeight;
@@ -63,36 +66,35 @@ namespace sharp {
     InputDescriptor():
       buffer(nullptr),
       failOnError(TRUE),
+      limitInputPixels(0x3FFF * 0x3FFF),
+      access(VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM),
       bufferLength(0),
+      isBuffer(FALSE),
       density(72.0),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
       rawHeight(0),
       pages(1),
       page(0),
+      level(0),
       createChannels(0),
       createWidth(0),
       createHeight(0),
       createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 } {}
   };
 
-  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  template<typename T> v8::Local<T> AttrAs(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked().As<T>();
-  }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
-  }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, int attr) {
-    return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
-  }
+  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
+  bool HasAttr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  uint32_t AttrAsUint32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr);
+  bool AttrAsBool(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
 
-  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
-  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);
+  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
+  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input);
 
   enum class ImageType {
     JPEG,
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
-  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor, VipsAccess accessMethod);
+  std::tuple<VImage, ImageType> OpenInput(InputDescriptor *descriptor);
 
   /*
     Does this image have an embedded profile?
@@ -175,12 +177,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set EXIF Orientation of image.
   */
-  void SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
+  VImage SetExifOrientation(VImage image, int const orientation);
 
   /*
     Remove EXIF Orientation from image.
   */
-  void RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
+  VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
 
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Set pixels/mm resolution based on a pixels/inch density.
   */
-  void SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
+  VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Called when a Buffer undergoes GC, required to support mixed runtime libraries in Windows
   */
-  void FreeCallback(char* data, void* hint);
+  extern std::function<void(void*, char*)> FreeCallback;
 
   /*
     Called with warnings from the glib-registered "VIPS" domain

src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/* Object part of the VSource and VTarget class
+ */
+
+/*
+
+    Copyright (C) 1991-2001 The National Gallery
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+    02110-1301  USA
+
+ */
+
+/*
+
+    These files are distributed with VIPS - http://www.vips.ecs.soton.ac.uk
+
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
+#include <vips/intl.h>
+
+#include <vips/vips8>
+
+#include <vips/debug.h>
+
+/*
+#define VIPS_DEBUG
+#define VIPS_DEBUG_VERBOSE
+ */
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_START
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_descriptor( int descriptor )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_descriptor( descriptor )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_file( const char *filename )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_file( filename )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_blob( VipsBlob *blob )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_blob( blob )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_memory( const void *data, 
+	size_t size )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_memory( data, size )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VSource 
+VSource::new_from_options( const char *options )
+{
+	VipsSource *input;
+
+	if( !(input = vips_source_new_from_options( options )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VSource out( input ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VOption *
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VSource value )
+{
+	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
+
+	pair->input = true;
+	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_SOURCE );
+	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_source() );
+	options.push_back( pair );
+
+	return( this );
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_descriptor( int descriptor )
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_descriptor( descriptor )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_file( const char *filename )
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_file( filename )) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VTarget 
+VTarget::new_to_memory()
+{
+	VipsTarget *output;
+
+	if( !(output = vips_target_new_to_memory()) )
+		throw VError();
+
+	VTarget out( output ); 
+
+	return( out ); 
+}
+
+VOption *
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VTarget value )
+{
+	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
+
+	pair->input = true;
+	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_TARGET );
+	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_target() );
+	options.push_back( pair );
+
+	return( this );
+}
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_END

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, const char *value )
 
 // input image
 VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, VImage value )
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VImage value )
 {
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 
@@ -592,7 +592,30 @@ VImage
 VImage::new_from_buffer( const std::string &buf, const char *option_string, 
 	VOption *options )
 {
-	return( new_from_buffer( buf.c_str(), buf.size(), option_string, options ) );
+	return( new_from_buffer( buf.c_str(), buf.size(), 
+		option_string, options ) );
+}
+
+VImage 
+VImage::new_from_source( VSource source, const char *option_string, 
+	VOption *options )
+{
+	const char *operation_name;
+	VImage out;
+
+	if( !(operation_name = vips_foreign_find_load_source( 
+		source.get_source() )) ) {
+		delete options; 
+		throw( VError() ); 
+	}
+
+	options = (options ? options : VImage::option())-> 
+		set( "source", source )->
+		set( "out", &out );
+
+	call_option_string( operation_name, option_string, options ); 
+
+	return( out );
 }
 
 VImage 
@@ -679,6 +702,26 @@ VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size,
 	}
 }
 
+void 
+VImage::write_to_target( const char *suffix, VTarget target, 
+	VOption *options ) const
+{
+	char filename[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
+	char option_string[VIPS_PATH_MAX];
+	const char *operation_name;
+
+	vips__filename_split8( suffix, filename, option_string );
+	if( !(operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_target( filename )) ) {
+		delete options; 
+		throw VError(); 
+	}
+
+	call_option_string( operation_name, option_string, 
+		(options ? options : VImage::option())-> 
+			set( "in", *this )->
+			set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 #include "vips-operators.cpp"
 
 std::vector<VImage> 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ VInterpolate::new_from_name( const char *name, VOption *options )
 }
 
 VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, VInterpolate value )
+VOption::set( const char *name, const VInterpolate value )
 {
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // bodies for vips operations
-// Wed Apr 24 15:50:21 CEST 2019
+// Wed 01 Jan 2020 12:22:12 PM CET
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!
 
 VImage VImage::CMC2LCh( VOption *options ) const
@@ -491,6 +491,19 @@ VImage VImage::canny( VOption *options ) const
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::case_image( std::vector<VImage> cases, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "case",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "index", *this )->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "cases", cases ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::cast( VipsBandFormat format, VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -1615,6 +1628,18 @@ VImage VImage::jpegload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::jpegload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jpegload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::jpegsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "jpegsave",
@@ -1642,6 +1667,14 @@ void VImage::jpegsave_mime( VOption *options ) const
             set( "in", *this ) );
 }
 
+void VImage::jpegsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "jpegsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::labelregions( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage mask;
@@ -2286,6 +2319,18 @@ VImage VImage::pngload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::pngload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "pngload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::pngsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "pngsave",
@@ -2306,6 +2351,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::pngsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::pngsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "pngsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::ppmload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -2413,6 +2466,30 @@ VImage VImage::radload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::radload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "radload_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "buffer", buffer ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::radload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "radload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::radsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "radsave",
@@ -2433,6 +2510,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::radsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::radsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "radsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::rank( int width, int height, int index, VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -2977,6 +3062,30 @@ VImage VImage::svgload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::svgload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "svgload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::switch_image( std::vector<VImage> tests, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "switch",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "tests", tests ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::system( const char *cmd_format, VOption *options )
 {
     call( "system",
@@ -3035,6 +3144,19 @@ VImage VImage::thumbnail_image( int width, VOption *options ) const
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::thumbnail_source( VSource source, int width, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "thumbnail_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source )->
+            set( "width", width ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::tiffload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -3059,6 +3181,18 @@ VImage VImage::tiffload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::tiffload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "tiffload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::tiffsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "tiffsave",
@@ -3170,6 +3304,18 @@ VImage VImage::webpload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::webpload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "webpload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::webpsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "webpsave",
@@ -3190,6 +3336,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::webpsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::webpsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "webpsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::worley( int width, int height, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;

src/metadata.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,28 +15,16 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "metadata.h"
 
-class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
+class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
-  MetadataWorker(
-    Nan::Callback *callback, MetadataBaton *baton, Nan::Callback *debuglog,
-    std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> const buffersToPersist) :
-    Nan::AsyncWorker(callback, "sharp:MetadataWorker"),
-    baton(baton), debuglog(debuglog),
-    buffersToPersist(buffersToPersist) {
-    // Protect Buffer objects from GC, keyed on index
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        SaveToPersistent(index, buffer);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-  }
+  MetadataWorker(Napi::Function callback, MetadataBaton *baton, Napi::Function debuglog) :
+    Napi::AsyncWorker(callback), baton(baton), debuglog(Napi::Persistent(debuglog)) {}
   ~MetadataWorker() {}
 
   void Execute() {
@@ -46,7 +34,7 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips::VImage image;
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
     try {
-      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input, VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL);
+      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input);
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
       (baton->err).append(err.what());
     }
@@ -77,9 +65,24 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("loop") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->loop = image.get_int("loop");
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof("delay") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_INT) {
+        baton->delay = image.get_array_int("delay");
+      }
       if (image.get_typeof("heif-primary") == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pagePrimary = image.get_int("heif-primary");
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("openslide.level-count") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        int const levels = std::stoi(image.get_string("openslide.level-count"));
+        for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++) {
+          std::string prefix = "openslide.level[" + std::to_string(l) + "].";
+          int const width = std::stoi(image.get_string((prefix + "width").data()));
+          int const height = std::stoi(image.get_string((prefix + "height").data()));
+          baton->levels.push_back(std::pair<int, int>(width, height));
+        }
+      }
       baton->hasProfile = sharp::HasProfile(image);
       // Derived attributes
       baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
@@ -116,6 +119,14 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         memcpy(baton->xmp, xmp, xmpLength);
         baton->xmpLength = xmpLength;
       }
+      // TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME) == VIPS_TYPE_BLOB) {
+        size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+        void const *tifftagPhotoshop = image.get_blob(VIPS_META_PHOTOSHOP_NAME, &tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshop = static_cast<char *>(g_malloc(tifftagPhotoshopLength));
+        memcpy(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshop, tifftagPhotoshopLength);
+        baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength = tifftagPhotoshopLength;
+      }
     }
 
     // Clean up
@@ -123,123 +134,126 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips_thread_shutdown();
   }
 
-  void HandleOKCallback() {
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    Nan::HandleScope();
-
-    v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[2] = { Nan::Null(), Nan::Null() };
-    if (!baton->err.empty()) {
-      argv[0] = Nan::Error(baton->err.data());
-    } else {
-      // Metadata Object
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> info = New<v8::Object>();
-      Set(info, New("format").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->format).ToLocalChecked());
-      if (baton->input->bufferLength > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("size").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->input->bufferLength)));
-      }
-      Set(info, New("width").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->width));
-      Set(info, New("height").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->height));
-      Set(info, New("space").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->space).ToLocalChecked());
-      Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->channels));
-      Set(info, New("depth").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->depth).ToLocalChecked());
-      if (baton->density > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("density").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->density));
-      }
-      if (!baton->chromaSubsampling.empty()) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("chromaSubsampling").ToLocalChecked(),
-          New<v8::String>(baton->chromaSubsampling).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      Set(info, New("isProgressive").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isProgressive));
-      if (baton->paletteBitDepth > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("paletteBitDepth").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->paletteBitDepth));
-      }
-      if (baton->pages > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("pages").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pages));
-      }
-      if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("pageHeight").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pageHeight));
-      }
-      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
-        Set(info, New("pagePrimary").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pagePrimary));
-      }
-      Set(info, New("hasProfile").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasProfile));
-      Set(info, New("hasAlpha").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasAlpha));
-      if (baton->orientation > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("orientation").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->orientation));
-      }
-      if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("exif").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->iccLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("icc").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->icc, baton->iccLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->iptcLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("iptc").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("xmp").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      argv[1] = info;
-    }
-
-    // Dispose of Persistent wrapper around input Buffers so they can be garbage collected
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        GetFromPersistent(index);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-    delete baton->input;
-    delete baton;
+  void OnOK() {
+    Napi::Env env = Env();
+    Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
 
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Value> message[1] = { New(warning).ToLocalChecked() };
-      debuglog->Call(1, message, async_resource);
+      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
-    // Return to JavaScript
-    callback->Call(2, argv, async_resource);
+    if (baton->err.empty()) {
+      Napi::Object info = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      info.Set("format", baton->format);
+      if (baton->input->bufferLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("size", baton->input->bufferLength);
+      }
+      info.Set("width", baton->width);
+      info.Set("height", baton->height);
+      info.Set("space", baton->space);
+      info.Set("channels", baton->channels);
+      info.Set("depth", baton->depth);
+      if (baton->density > 0) {
+        info.Set("density", baton->density);
+      }
+      if (!baton->chromaSubsampling.empty()) {
+        info.Set("chromaSubsampling", baton->chromaSubsampling);
+      }
+      info.Set("isProgressive", baton->isProgressive);
+      if (baton->paletteBitDepth > 0) {
+        info.Set("paletteBitDepth", baton->paletteBitDepth);
+      }
+      if (baton->pages > 0) {
+        info.Set("pages", baton->pages);
+      }
+      if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
+        info.Set("pageHeight", baton->pageHeight);
+      }
+      if (baton->loop >= 0) {
+        info.Set("loop", baton->loop);
+      }
+      if (!baton->delay.empty()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        Napi::Array delay = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->delay.size()));
+        for (int const d : baton->delay) {
+          delay.Set(i++, d);
+        }
+        info.Set("delay", delay);
+      }
+      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
+        info.Set("pagePrimary", baton->pagePrimary);
+      }
+      if (!baton->levels.empty()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        Napi::Array levels = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->levels.size()));
+        for (std::pair<int, int> const l : baton->levels) {
+          Napi::Object level = Napi::Object::New(env);
+          level.Set("width", l.first);
+          level.Set("height", l.second);
+          levels.Set(i++, level);
+        }
+        info.Set("levels", levels);
+      }
+      info.Set("hasProfile", baton->hasProfile);
+      info.Set("hasAlpha", baton->hasAlpha);
+      if (baton->orientation > 0) {
+        info.Set("orientation", baton->orientation);
+      }
+      if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("exif", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->iccLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("icc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->icc, baton->iccLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->iptcLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("iptc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("xmp", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("tifftagPhotoshop",
+          Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
+    } else {
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+    }
+
+    delete baton->input;
+    delete baton;
   }
 
  private:
   MetadataBaton* baton;
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog;
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
+  Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
 };
 
 /*
   metadata(options, callback)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(metadata) {
-  // Input Buffers must not undergo GC compaction during processing
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
-
+Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   MetadataBaton *baton = new MetadataBaton;
-  v8::Local<v8::Object> options = info[0].As<v8::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
-  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
+  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog = new Nan::Callback(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Function>(options, "debuglog"));
+  Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Nan::Callback *callback = new Nan::Callback(info[1].As<v8::Function>());
-  Nan::AsyncQueueWorker(new MetadataWorker(callback, baton, debuglog, buffersToPersist));
+  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  MetadataWorker *worker = new MetadataWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
+  worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
+  worker->Queue();
 
   // Increment queued task counter
   g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterQueue);
+
+  return info.Env().Undefined();
 }

src/metadata.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define SRC_METADATA_H_
 
 #include <string>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int paletteBitDepth;
   int pages;
   int pageHeight;
+  int loop;
+  std::vector<int> delay;
   int pagePrimary;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> levels;
   bool hasProfile;
   bool hasAlpha;
   int orientation;
@@ -48,6 +51,8 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   size_t iptcLength;
   char *xmp;
   size_t xmpLength;
+  char *tifftagPhotoshop;
+  size_t tifftagPhotoshopLength;
   std::string err;
 
   MetadataBaton():
@@ -60,6 +65,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     paletteBitDepth(0),
     pages(0),
     pageHeight(0),
+    loop(-1),
     pagePrimary(-1),
     hasProfile(false),
     hasAlpha(false),
@@ -71,9 +77,11 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     iptc(nullptr),
     iptcLength(0),
     xmp(nullptr),
-    xmpLength(0) {}
+    xmpLength(0),
+    tifftagPhotoshop(nullptr),
+    tifftagPhotoshopLength(0) {}
 };
 
-NAN_METHOD(metadata);
+Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_METADATA_H_

src/operations.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -191,12 +191,20 @@ namespace sharp {
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
       return RemoveAlpha(image)
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
-        .linear({brightness, saturation, 1}, {0, 0, static_cast<double>(hue)})
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1},
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
         .bandjoin(alpha);
     } else {
       return image
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
-        .linear({brightness, saturation, 1}, {0, 0, static_cast<double>(hue)});
+        .linear(
+          { brightness, saturation, 1 },
+          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+        )
+        .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
     }
   }
 
@@ -250,17 +258,30 @@ namespace sharp {
     Trim an image
   */
   VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold) {
+    if (image.width() < 3 && image.height() < 3) {
+      throw VError("Image to trim must be at least 3x3 pixels");
+    }
     // Top-left pixel provides the background colour
     VImage background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
     if (HasAlpha(background)) {
       background = background.flatten();
     }
-    int top, width, height;
-    int const left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+    int left, top, width, height;
+    left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
       ->set("background", background(0, 0))
       ->set("threshold", threshold));
     if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
-      throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
+      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+        // Search alpha channel
+        VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+        VImage backgroundAlpha = alpha.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
+        left = alpha.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
+          ->set("background", backgroundAlpha(0, 0))
+          ->set("threshold", threshold));
+      }
+      if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
+        throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
+      }
     }
     return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
   }

src/operations.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

src/pipeline.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
-NAN_METHOD(pipeline);
+Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 enum class Canvas {
   CROP,
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ struct Composite {
   int left;
   int top;
   bool tile;
+  bool premultiplied;
 
   Composite():
     input(nullptr),
@@ -48,12 +49,12 @@ struct Composite {
     gravity(0),
     left(-1),
     top(-1),
-    tile(false) {}
+    tile(false),
+    premultiplied(false) {}
 };
 
 struct PipelineBaton {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
-  int limitInputPixels;
   std::string formatOut;
   std::string fileOut;
   void *bufferOut;
@@ -117,7 +118,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendRight;
   std::vector<double> extendBackground;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
-  VipsAccess accessMethod;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double tiffXres;
   double tiffYres;
   int heifQuality;
-  int heifCompression;  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VipsForeignHeifCompression
+  VipsForeignHeifCompression heifCompression;
   bool heifLossless;
   std::string err;
   bool withMetadata;
@@ -173,13 +173,13 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignDzLayout tileLayout;
   std::string tileFormat;
   int tileAngle;
+  std::vector<double> tileBackground;
   int tileSkipBlanks;
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
 
   PipelineBaton():
     input(nullptr),
-    limitInputPixels(0),
     bufferOutLength(0),
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tiffXres(1.0),
     tiffYres(1.0),
     heifQuality(80),
-    heifCompression(1),  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_HEVC
+    heifCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_HEVC),
     heifLossless(false),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),
@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tileContainer(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_FS),
     tileLayout(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_LAYOUT_DZ),
     tileAngle(0),
+    tileBackground{ 255.0, 255.0, 255.0, 255.0 },
     tileSkipBlanks(-1),
     tileDepth(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_DEPTH_LAST) {}
 };

src/sharp.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -22,33 +21,30 @@
 #include "utilities.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
-NAN_MODULE_INIT(init) {
+static void* sharp_vips_init(void*) {
   vips_init("sharp");
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
+  static GOnce sharp_vips_init_once = G_ONCE_INIT;
+  g_once(&sharp_vips_init_once, static_cast<GThreadFunc>(sharp_vips_init), nullptr);
 
   g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
     static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
 
   // Methods available to JavaScript
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("metadata").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(metadata)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("pipeline").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(pipeline)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("cache").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(cache)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("concurrency").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(concurrency)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("counters").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(counters)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("simd").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(simd)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("libvipsVersion").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(libvipsVersion)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("format").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(format)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("_maxColourDistance").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(_maxColourDistance)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("stats").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(stats)).ToLocalChecked());
+  exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
+  exports.Set("pipeline", Napi::Function::New(env, pipeline));
+  exports.Set("cache", Napi::Function::New(env, cache));
+  exports.Set("concurrency", Napi::Function::New(env, concurrency));
+  exports.Set("counters", Napi::Function::New(env, counters));
+  exports.Set("simd", Napi::Function::New(env, simd));
+  exports.Set("libvipsVersion", Napi::Function::New(env, libvipsVersion));
+  exports.Set("format", Napi::Function::New(env, format));
+  exports.Set("_maxColourDistance", Napi::Function::New(env, _maxColourDistance));
+  exports.Set("stats", Napi::Function::New(env, stats));
+  return exports;
 }
 
-NAN_MODULE_WORKER_ENABLED(sharp, init)
+NODE_API_MODULE(sharp, init)

src/stats.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,28 +16,16 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <iostream>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
-class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
+class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
-  StatsWorker(
-    Nan::Callback *callback, StatsBaton *baton, Nan::Callback *debuglog,
-    std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> const buffersToPersist) :
-    Nan::AsyncWorker(callback, "sharp:StatsWorker"),
-    baton(baton), debuglog(debuglog),
-    buffersToPersist(buffersToPersist) {
-    // Protect Buffer objects from GC, keyed on index
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        SaveToPersistent(index, buffer);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-  }
+  StatsWorker(Napi::Function callback, StatsBaton *baton, Napi::Function debuglog) :
+    Napi::AsyncWorker(callback), baton(baton), debuglog(Napi::Persistent(debuglog)) {}
   ~StatsWorker() {}
 
   const int STAT_MIN_INDEX = 0;
@@ -54,15 +42,11 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
   void Execute() {
     // Decrement queued task counter
     g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&sharp::counterQueue);
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    using sharp::MaximumImageAlpha;
 
     vips::VImage image;
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
-
     try {
-      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input, baton->accessMethod);
+      std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input);
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
       (baton->err).append(err.what());
     }
@@ -71,25 +55,37 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         vips::VImage stats = image.stats();
         int const bands = image.bands();
         for (int b = 1; b <= bands; b++) {
-          ChannelStats cStats(static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              stats.getpoint(STAT_SUM_INDEX, b).front(), stats.getpoint(STAT_SQ_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
-                              stats.getpoint(STAT_MEAN_INDEX, b).front(), stats.getpoint(STAT_STDEV_INDEX, b).front(),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINY_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXY_INDEX, b).front()));
+          ChannelStats cStats(
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_SQ_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_MEAN_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_STDEV_INDEX, b).front(),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINY_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXY_INDEX, b).front()));
           baton->channelStats.push_back(cStats);
         }
         // Image is not opaque when alpha layer is present and contains a non-mamixa value
         if (sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
           double const minAlpha = static_cast<double>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, bands).front());
-          if (minAlpha != MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
+          if (minAlpha != sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
             baton->isOpaque = false;
           }
         }
+        // Convert to greyscale
+        vips::VImage greyscale = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)[0];
         // Estimate entropy via histogram of greyscale value frequency
-        baton->entropy = std::abs(image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)[0].hist_find().hist_entropy());
+        baton->entropy = std::abs(greyscale.hist_find().hist_entropy());
+        // Estimate sharpness via standard deviation of greyscale laplacian
+        VImage laplacian = VImage::new_matrixv(3, 3,
+          0.0,  1.0, 0.0,
+          1.0, -4.0, 1.0,
+          0.0,  1.0, 0.0);
+        laplacian.set("scale", 9.0);
+        baton->sharpness = greyscale.conv(laplacian).deviate();
       } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
         (baton->err).append(err.what());
       }
@@ -100,93 +96,79 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips_thread_shutdown();
   }
 
-  void HandleOKCallback() {
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    Nan::HandleScope();
-
-    v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[2] = { Nan::Null(), Nan::Null() };
-    if (!baton->err.empty()) {
-      argv[0] = Nan::Error(baton->err.data());
-    } else {
-      // Stats Object
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> info = New<v8::Object>();
-      v8::Local<v8::Array> channels = New<v8::Array>();
-
-      std::vector<ChannelStats>::iterator it;
-      int i = 0;
-      for (it = baton->channelStats.begin(); it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
-        v8::Local<v8::Object> channelStat = New<v8::Object>();
-        Set(channelStat, New("min").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->min));
-        Set(channelStat, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->max));
-        Set(channelStat, New("sum").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->sum));
-        Set(channelStat, New("squaresSum").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->squaresSum));
-        Set(channelStat, New("mean").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->mean));
-        Set(channelStat, New("stdev").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->stdev));
-        Set(channelStat, New("minX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minX));
-        Set(channelStat, New("minY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minY));
-        Set(channelStat, New("maxX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxX));
-        Set(channelStat, New("maxY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxY));
-        Set(channels, i, channelStat);
-      }
-
-      Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), channels);
-      Set(info, New("isOpaque").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isOpaque));
-      Set(info, New("entropy").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(baton->entropy));
-      argv[1] = info;
-    }
-
-    // Dispose of Persistent wrapper around input Buffers so they can be garbage collected
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        GetFromPersistent(index);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-    delete baton->input;
-    delete baton;
+  void OnOK() {
+    Napi::Env env = Env();
+    Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
 
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Value> message[1] = { New(warning).ToLocalChecked() };
-      debuglog->Call(1, message, async_resource);
+      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
-    // Return to JavaScript
-    callback->Call(2, argv, async_resource);
+    if (baton->err.empty()) {
+      // Stats Object
+      Napi::Object info = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      Napi::Array channels = Napi::Array::New(env);
+
+      std::vector<ChannelStats>::iterator it;
+      int i = 0;
+      for (it = baton->channelStats.begin(); it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
+        Napi::Object channelStat = Napi::Object::New(env);
+        channelStat.Set("min", it->min);
+        channelStat.Set("max", it->max);
+        channelStat.Set("sum", it->sum);
+        channelStat.Set("squaresSum", it->squaresSum);
+        channelStat.Set("mean", it->mean);
+        channelStat.Set("stdev", it->stdev);
+        channelStat.Set("minX", it->minX);
+        channelStat.Set("minY", it->minY);
+        channelStat.Set("maxX", it->maxX);
+        channelStat.Set("maxY", it->maxY);
+        channels.Set(i, channelStat);
+      }
+
+      info.Set("channels", channels);
+      info.Set("isOpaque", baton->isOpaque);
+      info.Set("entropy", baton->entropy);
+      info.Set("sharpness", baton->sharpness);
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
+    } else {
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+    }
+
+    delete baton->input;
+    delete baton;
   }
 
  private:
   StatsBaton* baton;
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog;
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
+  Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
 };
 
 /*
   stats(options, callback)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(stats) {
-  using sharp::AttrTo;
-
-  // Input Buffers must not undergo GC compaction during processing
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
-
+Napi::Value stats(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   StatsBaton *baton = new StatsBaton;
-  v8::Local<v8::Object> options = info[0].As<v8::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
-  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
-  baton->accessMethod = AttrTo<bool>(options, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog = new Nan::Callback(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Function>(options, "debuglog"));
+  Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Nan::Callback *callback = new Nan::Callback(info[1].As<v8::Function>());
-  Nan::AsyncQueueWorker(new StatsWorker(callback, baton, debuglog, buffersToPersist));
+  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  StatsWorker *worker = new StatsWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
+  worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
+  worker->Queue();
 
   // Increment queued task counter
   g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterQueue);
+
+  return info.Env().Undefined();
 }

src/stats.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define SRC_STATS_H_
 
 #include <string>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
@@ -33,12 +33,8 @@ struct ChannelStats {
   int maxX;
   int maxY;
 
-  ChannelStats():
-    min(0), max(0), sum(0), squaresSum(0), mean(0), stdev(0)
-    , minX(0), minY(0), maxX(0), maxY(0) {}
-
-    ChannelStats(int minVal, int maxVal, double sumVal, double squaresSumVal,
-                  double meanVal, double stdevVal, int minXVal, int minYVal, int maxXVal, int maxYVal):
+  ChannelStats(int minVal, int maxVal, double sumVal, double squaresSumVal,
+    double meanVal, double stdevVal, int minXVal, int minYVal, int maxXVal, int maxYVal):
     min(minVal), max(maxVal), sum(sumVal), squaresSum(squaresSumVal),
     mean(meanVal), stdev(stdevVal), minX(minXVal), minY(minYVal), maxX(maxXVal), maxY(maxYVal) {}
 };
@@ -46,22 +42,23 @@ struct ChannelStats {
 struct StatsBaton {
   // Input
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
-  VipsAccess accessMethod;
 
   // Output
   std::vector<ChannelStats> channelStats;
   bool isOpaque;
   double entropy;
+  double sharpness;
 
   std::string err;
 
   StatsBaton():
     input(nullptr),
     isOpaque(true),
-    entropy(0.0)
+    entropy(0.0),
+    sharpness(0.0)
     {}
 };
 
-NAN_METHOD(stats);
+Napi::Value stats(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_STATS_H_

src/utilities.cc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <string>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 #include <vips/vector.h>
 
@@ -24,182 +23,145 @@
 #include "operations.h"
 #include "utilities.h"
 
-using v8::Boolean;
-using v8::Integer;
-using v8::Local;
-using v8::Number;
-using v8::Object;
-using v8::String;
-
-using Nan::HandleScope;
-using Nan::New;
-using Nan::Set;
-using Nan::ThrowError;
-using Nan::To;
-using Nan::Utf8String;
-
 /*
   Get and set cache limits
 */
-NAN_METHOD(cache) {
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
 
   // Set memory limit
-  if (info[0]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_mem(To<int32_t>(info[0]).FromJust() * 1048576);
+  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_mem(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value() * 1048576);
   }
   // Set file limit
-  if (info[1]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_files(To<int32_t>(info[1]).FromJust());
+  if (info[1].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_files(info[1].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Set items limit
-  if (info[2]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max(To<int32_t>(info[2]).FromJust());
+  if (info[2].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max(info[2].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
 
   // Get memory stats
-  Local<Object> memory = New<Object>();
-  Set(memory, New("current").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_tracked_get_mem() / 1048576))));
-  Set(memory, New("high").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_tracked_get_mem_highwater() / 1048576))));
-  Set(memory, New("max").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_cache_get_max_mem() / 1048576))));
+  Napi::Object memory = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  memory.Set("current", round(vips_tracked_get_mem() / 1048576));
+  memory.Set("high", round(vips_tracked_get_mem_highwater() / 1048576));
+  memory.Set("max", round(vips_cache_get_max_mem() / 1048576));
   // Get file stats
-  Local<Object> files = New<Object>();
-  Set(files, New("current").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_tracked_get_files()));
-  Set(files, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_max_files()));
+  Napi::Object files = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  files.Set("current", vips_tracked_get_files());
+  files.Set("max", vips_cache_get_max_files());
 
   // Get item stats
-  Local<Object> items = New<Object>();
-  Set(items, New("current").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_size()));
-  Set(items, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_max()));
+  Napi::Object items = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  items.Set("current", vips_cache_get_size());
+  items.Set("max", vips_cache_get_max());
 
-  Local<Object> cache = New<Object>();
-  Set(cache, New("memory").ToLocalChecked(), memory);
-  Set(cache, New("files").ToLocalChecked(), files);
-  Set(cache, New("items").ToLocalChecked(), items);
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(cache);
+  Napi::Object cache = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  cache.Set("memory", memory);
+  cache.Set("files", files);
+  cache.Set("items", items);
+  return cache;
 }
 
 /*
   Get and set size of thread pool
 */
-NAN_METHOD(concurrency) {
-  HandleScope();
-
+Napi::Value concurrency(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set concurrency
-  if (info[0]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_concurrency_set(To<int32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_concurrency_set(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Get concurrency
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Integer>(vips_concurrency_get()));
+  return Napi::Number::New(info.Env(), vips_concurrency_get());
 }
 
 /*
   Get internal counters (queued tasks, processing tasks)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(counters) {
-  using sharp::counterProcess;
-  using sharp::counterQueue;
-
-  HandleScope();
-  Local<Object> counters = New<Object>();
-  Set(counters, New("queue").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(counterQueue));
-  Set(counters, New("process").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(counterProcess));
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(counters);
+Napi::Value counters(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Object counters = Napi::Object::New(info.Env());
+  counters.Set("queue", sharp::counterQueue);
+  counters.Set("process", sharp::counterProcess);
+  return counters;
 }
 
 /*
   Get and set use of SIMD vector unit instructions
 */
-NAN_METHOD(simd) {
-  HandleScope();
-
+Napi::Value simd(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set state
-  if (info[0]->IsBoolean()) {
-    vips_vector_set_enabled(To<bool>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  if (info[0].IsBoolean()) {
+    vips_vector_set_enabled(info[0].As<Napi::Boolean>().Value());
   }
   // Get state
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Boolean>(vips_vector_isenabled()));
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(info.Env(), vips_vector_isenabled());
 }
 
 /*
   Get libvips version
 */
-NAN_METHOD(libvipsVersion) {
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value libvipsVersion(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   char version[9];
   g_snprintf(version, sizeof(version), "%d.%d.%d", vips_version(0), vips_version(1), vips_version(2));
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New(version).ToLocalChecked());
+  return Napi::String::New(info.Env(), version);
 }
 
 /*
   Get available input/output file/buffer/stream formats
 */
-NAN_METHOD(format) {
-  HandleScope();
-
-  // Attribute names
-  Local<String> attrId = New("id").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrInput = New("input").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrOutput = New("output").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrFile = New("file").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrBuffer = New("buffer").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrStream = New("stream").ToLocalChecked();
-
-  // Which load/save operations are available for each compressed format?
-  Local<Object> format = New<Object>();
-  for (std::string f : {
-    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz", "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "v"
+Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  Napi::Object format = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  for (std::string const f : {
+    "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips"
   }) {
     // Input
-    Local<Boolean> hasInputFile =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str()));
-    Local<Boolean> hasInputBuffer =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load_buffer").c_str()));
-    Local<Object> input = New<Object>();
-    Set(input, attrFile, hasInputFile);
-    Set(input, attrBuffer, hasInputBuffer);
-    Set(input, attrStream, hasInputBuffer);
+    Napi::Boolean hasInputFile =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str()));
+    Napi::Boolean hasInputBuffer =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load_buffer").c_str()));
+    Napi::Object input = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    input.Set("file", hasInputFile);
+    input.Set("buffer", hasInputBuffer);
+    input.Set("stream", hasInputBuffer);
     // Output
-    Local<Boolean> hasOutputFile =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save").c_str()));
-    Local<Boolean> hasOutputBuffer =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save_buffer").c_str()));
-    Local<Object> output = New<Object>();
-    Set(output, attrFile, hasOutputFile);
-    Set(output, attrBuffer, hasOutputBuffer);
-    Set(output, attrStream, hasOutputBuffer);
+    Napi::Boolean hasOutputFile =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save").c_str()));
+    Napi::Boolean hasOutputBuffer =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save_buffer").c_str()));
+    Napi::Object output = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    output.Set("file", hasOutputFile);
+    output.Set("buffer", hasOutputBuffer);
+    output.Set("stream", hasOutputBuffer);
     // Other attributes
-    Local<Object> container = New<Object>();
-    Local<String> formatId = New(f).ToLocalChecked();
-    Set(container, attrId, formatId);
-    Set(container, attrInput, input);
-    Set(container, attrOutput, output);
+    Napi::Object container = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    container.Set("id", f);
+    container.Set("input", input);
+    container.Set("output", output);
     // Add to set of formats
-    Set(format, formatId, container);
+    format.Set(f, container);
   }
 
   // Raw, uncompressed data
-  Local<Object> raw = New<Object>();
-  Local<String> rawId = New("raw").ToLocalChecked();
-  Set(raw, attrId, rawId);
-  Set(format, rawId, raw);
-  Local<Boolean> supported = New<Boolean>(true);
-  Local<Boolean> unsupported = New<Boolean>(false);
-  Local<Object> rawInput = New<Object>();
-  Set(rawInput, attrFile, unsupported);
-  Set(rawInput, attrBuffer, supported);
-  Set(rawInput, attrStream, supported);
-  Set(raw, attrInput, rawInput);
-  Local<Object> rawOutput = New<Object>();
-  Set(rawOutput, attrFile, unsupported);
-  Set(rawOutput, attrBuffer, supported);
-  Set(rawOutput, attrStream, supported);
-  Set(raw, attrOutput, rawOutput);
+  Napi::Boolean supported = Napi::Boolean::New(env, true);
+  Napi::Boolean unsupported = Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+  Napi::Object rawInput = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  rawInput.Set("file", unsupported);
+  rawInput.Set("buffer", supported);
+  rawInput.Set("stream", supported);
+  Napi::Object rawOutput = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  rawOutput.Set("file", unsupported);
+  rawOutput.Set("buffer", supported);
+  rawOutput.Set("stream", supported);
+  Napi::Object raw = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  raw.Set("id", "raw");
+  raw.Set("input", rawInput);
+  raw.Set("output", rawOutput);
+  format.Set("raw", raw);
 
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(format);
+  return format;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -207,65 +169,59 @@ NAN_METHOD(format) {
   Calculates the maximum colour distance using the DE2000 algorithm
   between two images of the same dimensions and number of channels.
 */
-NAN_METHOD(_maxColourDistance) {
-  using vips::VImage;
-  using vips::VError;
-  using sharp::DetermineImageType;
-  using sharp::ImageType;
-  using sharp::HasAlpha;
-
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
 
   // Open input files
   VImage image1;
-  ImageType imageType1 = DetermineImageType(*Utf8String(info[0]));
-  if (imageType1 != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
+  sharp::ImageType imageType1 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  if (imageType1 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(*Utf8String(info[0]));
+      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
-      return ThrowError("Input file 1 has corrupt header");
+      throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 has corrupt header");
     }
   } else {
-    return ThrowError("Input file 1 is of an unsupported image format");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 is of an unsupported image format");
   }
   VImage image2;
-  ImageType imageType2 = DetermineImageType(*Utf8String(info[1]));
-  if (imageType2 != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
+  sharp::ImageType imageType2 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  if (imageType2 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(*Utf8String(info[1]));
+      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
-      return ThrowError("Input file 2 has corrupt header");
+      throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 2 has corrupt header");
     }
   } else {
-    return ThrowError("Input file 2 is of an unsupported image format");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 2 is of an unsupported image format");
   }
   // Ensure same number of channels
   if (image1.bands() != image2.bands()) {
-    return ThrowError("mismatchedBands");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "mismatchedBands");
   }
   // Ensure same dimensions
   if (image1.width() != image2.width() || image1.height() != image2.height()) {
-    return ThrowError("mismatchedDimensions");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "mismatchedDimensions");
   }
 
   double maxColourDistance;
   try {
     // Premultiply and remove alpha
-    if (HasAlpha(image1)) {
+    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image1)) {
       image1 = image1.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image1.bands() - 1));
     }
-    if (HasAlpha(image2)) {
+    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image2)) {
       image2 = image2.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image2.bands() - 1));
     }
     // Calculate colour distance
     maxColourDistance = image1.dE00(image2).max();
-  } catch (VError const &err) {
-    return ThrowError(err.what());
+  } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, err.what());
   }
 
   // Clean up libvips' per-request data and threads
   vips_error_clear();
   vips_thread_shutdown();
 
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Number>(maxColourDistance));
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, maxColourDistance);
 }

src/utilities.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@
 #ifndef SRC_UTILITIES_H_
 #define SRC_UTILITIES_H_
 
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
-NAN_METHOD(cache);
-NAN_METHOD(concurrency);
-NAN_METHOD(counters);
-NAN_METHOD(simd);
-NAN_METHOD(libvipsVersion);
-NAN_METHOD(format);
-NAN_METHOD(_maxColourDistance);
+Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value concurrency(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value counters(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value simd(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value libvipsVersion(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_UTILITIES_H_

test/bench/package.json

@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
     "gm": "^1.23.1",
     "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
-    "imagemagick-native": "^1.9.3",
-    "jimp": "^0.6.4",
-    "mapnik": "^4.2.1",
-    "semver": "^6.1.2"
+    "jimp": "^0.9.3",
+    "mapnik": "^4.3.1",
+    "semver": "^7.1.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = require('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
-let imagemagickNative;
-try {
-  imagemagickNative = require('imagemagick-native');
-} catch (err) {
-  console.log('Excluding imagemagick-native');
-}
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
@@ -28,7 +22,7 @@ const height = 588;
 sharp.cache(false);
 
 async.series({
-  'jpeg': function (callback) {
+  jpeg: function (callback) {
     const inputJpgBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputJpg);
     const jpegSuite = new Benchmark.Suite('jpeg');
     // jimp
@@ -126,29 +120,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      jpegSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputJpgBuffer,
-            quality: 80,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'JPEG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          }, function (err, buffer) {
-            if (err) {
-              throw err;
-            } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-              deferred.resolve();
-            }
-          });
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     jpegSuite.add('gm-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -289,6 +260,9 @@ async.series({
           .then(function (buffer) {
             assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
             deferred.resolve();
+          })
+          .catch(function (err) {
+            throw err;
           });
       }
     }).on('cycle', function (event) {
@@ -486,8 +460,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add('sharp-sequentialRead', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
-          .sequentialRead()
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer, { sequentialRead: true })
           .resize(width, height)
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
@@ -698,22 +671,6 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
-    // imagemagick-native
-    if (typeof imagemagickNative !== 'undefined') {
-      pngSuite.add('imagemagick-native-buffer-buffer', {
-        defer: true,
-        fn: function (deferred) {
-          imagemagickNative.convert({
-            srcData: inputPngBuffer,
-            width: width,
-            height: height,
-            format: 'PNG',
-            filter: 'Lanczos'
-          });
-          deferred.resolve();
-        }
-      });
-    }
     // gm
     pngSuite.add('gm-file-file', {
       defer: true,

test/fixtures/index.js

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const getPath = function (filename) {
 // Based on the dHash gradient method - see http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/529-Kind-of-Like-That.html
 const fingerprint = function (image, callback) {
   sharp(image)
+    .flatten('gray')
     .greyscale()
     .normalise()
     .resize(9, 8, { fit: sharp.fit.fill })
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ module.exports = {
   inputPngWithGreyAlpha: getPath('grey-8bit-alpha.png'),
   inputPngWithOneColor: getPath('2x2_fdcce6.png'),
   inputPngWithTransparency16bit: getPath('tbgn2c16.png'), // http://www.schaik.com/pngsuite/tbgn2c16.png
+  inputPng16BitGreyAlpha: getPath('16-bit-grey-alpha.png'), // CC-BY-NC-SA florc http://www.colourlovers.com/pattern/50713/pat
   inputPngOverlayLayer0: getPath('alpha-layer-0-background.png'),
   inputPngOverlayLayer1: getPath('alpha-layer-1-fill.png'),
   inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationSmall: getPath('alpha-premultiply-1024x768-paper.png'),
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ module.exports = {
   inputPngTruncated: getPath('truncated.png'), // gm convert 2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.jpg -resize 320x240 saw.png ; head -c 10000 saw.png > truncated.png
   inputPngEmbed: getPath('embedgravitybird.png'), // Released to sharp under a CC BY 4.0
   inputPngRGBWithAlpha: getPath('2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.png'), // http://www.flickr.com/photos/grizdave/2569067123/ (same as inputJpg)
+  inputPngImageInAlpha: getPath('image-in-alpha.png'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597
 
   inputWebP: getPath('4.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery/4.webp
   inputWebPWithTransparency: getPath('5_webp_a.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery3/5_webp_a.webp
@@ -95,9 +98,11 @@ module.exports = {
   inputTiffCielab: getPath('cielab-dagams.tiff'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/646
   inputTiffUncompressed: getPath('uncompressed_tiff.tiff'), // https://code.google.com/archive/p/imagetestsuite/wikis/TIFFTestSuite.wiki file: 0c84d07e1b22b76f24cccc70d8788e4a.tif
   inputTiff8BitDepth: getPath('8bit_depth.tiff'),
+  inputTifftagPhotoshop: getPath('tifftag-photoshop.tiff'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1600
   inputGif: getPath('Crash_test.gif'), // http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Crash_test.gif
   inputGifGreyPlusAlpha: getPath('grey-plus-alpha.gif'), // http://i.imgur.com/gZ5jlmE.gif
   inputGifAnimated: getPath('rotating-squares.gif'), // CC0 https://loading.io/spinner/blocks/-rotating-squares-preloader-gif
+  inputGifAnimatedLoop3: getPath('animated-loop-3.gif'), // CC-BY-SA-4.0 Petrus3743 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01-Goldener_Schnitt_Formel-Animation.gif
   inputSvg: getPath('check.svg'), // http://dev.w3.org/SVG/tools/svgweb/samples/svg-files/check.svg
   inputSvgWithEmbeddedImages: getPath('struct-image-04-t.svg'), // https://dev.w3.org/SVG/profiles/1.2T/test/svg/struct-image-04-t.svg
 

test/leak/leak.sh

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if ! type valgrind >/dev/null; then
   exit 1
 fi
 
-curl -s -o ./test/leak/libvips.supp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libvips/libvips/master/libvips.supp
+curl -s -o ./test/leak/libvips.supp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libvips/libvips/master/suppressions/valgrind.supp
 
 for test in ./test/unit/*.js; do
   G_SLICE=always-malloc G_DEBUG=gc-friendly valgrind \

test/leak/sharp.supp

@@ -196,6 +196,18 @@
   ...
   fun:FcInitLoadConfigAndFonts
 }
+{
+  leak_fontconfig_doContent
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: definite
+  fun:malloc
+  ...
+  fun:doContent
+  fun:doProlog
+  fun:prologInitProcessor
+  fun:XML_ParseBuffer
+  obj:*/libfontconfig.so.*
+}
 
 # libvips
 {
@@ -342,6 +354,12 @@
   ...
   obj:/usr/bin/iojs
 }
+{
+  value_node_invoke_params
+  Memcheck:Value8
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN2v88internal12_GLOBAL__N_16InvokeEPNS0_7IsolateERKNS1_12InvokeParamsE
+}
 {
   leak_nodejs_ImmutableAsciiSource_CreateFromLiteral
   Memcheck:Leak
@@ -538,6 +556,13 @@
   ...
   fun:_ZN4node9inspector5Agent5StartERKSsSt10shared_ptrINS_12DebugOptionsEEb
 }
+{
+  leak_nodejs_debug_host_port
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN4node9inspector5Agent5StartERKSsRKNS_12DebugOptionsESt10shared_ptrINS_8HostPortEEb
+}
 {
   leak_nodejs_start
   Memcheck:Leak
@@ -553,11 +578,14 @@
   fun:_ZN4node20BackgroundTaskRunnerC1Ei
 }
 {
-  leak_nan_FunctionCallbackInfo
+  leak_napi_module_register
   Memcheck:Leak
   match-leak-kinds: definite
   ...
-  fun:_ZN3Nan3impL23FunctionCallbackWrapperERKN2v820FunctionCallbackInfoINS1_5ValueEEE
+  fun:napi_module_register
+  fun:call_init.part.0
+  fun:call_init
+  fun:_dl_init
 }
 {
   leak_v8_FunctionCallbackInfo

test/unit/alpha.js

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(32, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg'), 25);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('flatten-rgb16-orange.jpg'), 10);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -81,6 +81,18 @@ describe('Alpha transparency', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Flatten with options but without colour does not throw', () => {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+      sharp().flatten({});
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('Flatten to invalid colour throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().flatten({ background: 1 });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Enlargement with non-nearest neighbor interpolation shouldn’t cause dark edges', function () {
     const base = 'alpha-premultiply-enlargement-2048x1536-paper.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path('output.' + base);

test/unit/beforeEach.js

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 
 const usingCache = detectLibc.family !== detectLibc.MUSL;
 const usingSimd = !process.env.G_DEBUG;
-const concurrency = detectLibc.family === detectLibc.MUSL ? 1 : undefined;
+const concurrency =
+  detectLibc.family === detectLibc.MUSL || process.arch === 'arm'
+    ? 1
+    : undefined;
 
 beforeEach(function () {
   sharp.cache(usingCache);

test/unit/composite.js

@@ -62,6 +62,65 @@ describe('composite', () => {
     })
   ));
 
+  it('premultiplied true', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.true.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.true.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0,
+        premultiplied: true
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('premultiplied false', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.false.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.false.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0,
+        premultiplied: false
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('premultiplied absent', () => {
+    const filename = 'composite.premultiplied.png';
+    const below = fixtures.path(`input.below.${filename}`);
+    const above = fixtures.path(`input.above.${filename}`);
+    const actual = fixtures.path(`output.absent.${filename}`);
+    const expected = fixtures.expected(`expected.absent.${filename}`);
+    return sharp(below)
+      .composite([{
+        input: above,
+        blend: 'color-burn',
+        top: 0,
+        left: 0
+      }])
+      .toFile(actual)
+      .then(() => {
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(actual, expected);
+      });
+  });
+
   it('multiple', () => {
     const filename = 'composite-multiple.png';
     const actual = fixtures.path(`output.${filename}`);
@@ -82,7 +141,7 @@ describe('composite', () => {
 
   it('zero offset', done => {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(400)
+      .resize(80)
       .composite([{
         input: fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
         top: 0,
@@ -98,7 +157,7 @@ describe('composite', () => {
 
   it('offset and gravity', done => {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(400)
+      .resize(80)
       .composite([{
         input: fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
         left: 10,
@@ -115,7 +174,7 @@ describe('composite', () => {
 
   it('offset, gravity and tile', done => {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(400)
+      .resize(80)
       .composite([{
         input: fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
         left: 10,
@@ -133,7 +192,7 @@ describe('composite', () => {
 
   it('offset and tile', done => {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(400)
+      .resize(80)
       .composite([{
         input: fixtures.inputPngWithTransparency16bit,
         left: 10,
@@ -265,6 +324,12 @@ describe('composite', () => {
       }, /Expected boolean for tile but received invalid of type string/);
     });
 
+    it('invalid premultiplied', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp().composite([{ input: 'test', premultiplied: 'invalid' }]);
+      }, /Expected boolean for premultiplied but received invalid of type string/);
+    });
+
     it('invalid left', () => {
       assert.throws(() => {
         sharp().composite([{ input: 'test', left: 0.5 }]);

test/unit/extractChannel.js

@@ -80,6 +80,19 @@ describe('Image channel extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Alpha from 2-channel input', function (done) {
+    const output = fixtures.path('output.extract-alpha-2-channel.png');
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngWithGreyAlpha)
+      .extractChannel('alpha')
+      .toColourspace('b-w')
+      .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(1, info.channels);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('extract-alpha-2-channel.png'));
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Invalid channel number', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)

test/unit/failOnError.js

@@ -19,11 +19,17 @@ describe('failOnError', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('handles truncated PNG', function (done) {
+  it('handles truncated PNG, emits warnings', function (done) {
+    let isWarningEmitted = false;
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngTruncated, { failOnError: false })
+      .on('warning', function (warning) {
+        assert.strictEqual('not enough data', warning);
+        isWarningEmitted = true;
+      })
       .resize(320, 240)
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, isWarningEmitted);
         assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
@@ -48,8 +54,8 @@ describe('failOnError', function () {
   it('returns errors to callback for truncated JPEG', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpgTruncated).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
       assert.ok(err.message.includes('VipsJpeg: Premature end of JPEG file'), err);
-      assert.strictEqual(data, null);
-      assert.strictEqual(info, null);
+      assert.strictEqual(data, undefined);
+      assert.strictEqual(info, undefined);
       done();
     });
   });
@@ -57,8 +63,8 @@ describe('failOnError', function () {
   it('returns errors to callback for truncated PNG', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPngTruncated).toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
       assert.ok(err.message.includes('vipspng: libpng read error'), err);
-      assert.strictEqual(data, null);
-      assert.strictEqual(info, null);
+      assert.strictEqual(data, undefined);
+      assert.strictEqual(info, undefined);
       done();
     });
   });

test/unit/io.js

@@ -214,37 +214,39 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
     });
   });
 
-  it('Sequential read, force JPEG', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .sequentialRead()
-      .resize(320, 240)
-      .toFormat(sharp.format.jpeg)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-        assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        done();
-      });
+  it('Invalid sequential read option throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp({ sequentialRead: 'fail' });
+    }, /Expected boolean for sequentialRead but received fail of type string/);
   });
 
-  it('Not sequential read, force JPEG', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .sequentialRead(false)
+  it('Sequential read, force JPEG', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { sequentialRead: true })
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .toFormat(sharp.format.jpeg)
+      .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+      .then(({ data, info }) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(data.length > 0, true);
+        assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
+        assert.strictEqual(info.format, 'jpeg');
+        assert.strictEqual(info.width, 320);
+        assert.strictEqual(info.height, 240);
+      })
+  );
+
+  it('Not sequential read, force JPEG', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { sequentialRead: false })
       .resize(320, 240)
       .toFormat('jpeg')
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+      .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+      .then(({ data, info }) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(data.length > 0, true);
         assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
-        done();
-      });
-  });
+        assert.strictEqual(info.format, 'jpeg');
+        assert.strictEqual(info.width, 320);
+        assert.strictEqual(info.height, 240);
+      })
+  );
 
   it('Support output to jpg format', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputPng)
@@ -300,6 +302,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
   });
 
   it('Fail when input is empty Buffer', function (done) {
+    if (sharp.format.magick.input.buffer) return this.skip(); // can be removed with libvips 8.10.0+
     sharp(Buffer.alloc(0)).toBuffer().then(function () {
       assert(false);
       done();
@@ -559,94 +562,115 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  describe('Limit pixel count of input image', function () {
-    it('Invalid fails - negative', function (done) {
-      let isValid = false;
-      try {
-        sharp().limitInputPixels(-1);
-        isValid = true;
-      } catch (e) {}
-      assert(!isValid);
-      done();
-    });
-
-    it('Invalid fails - float', function (done) {
-      let isValid = false;
-      try {
-        sharp().limitInputPixels(12.3);
-        isValid = true;
-      } catch (e) {}
-      assert(!isValid);
-      done();
-    });
-
-    it('Invalid fails - string', function (done) {
-      let isValid = false;
-      try {
-        sharp().limitInputPixels('fail');
-        isValid = true;
-      } catch (e) {}
-      assert(!isValid);
-      done();
-    });
-
-    it('Same size as input works', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .limitInputPixels(metadata.width * metadata.height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err) {
-            assert.strictEqual(true, !err);
-            done();
-          });
+  describe('Limit pixel count of input image', () => {
+    it('Invalid fails - negative', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp({ limitInputPixels: -1 });
       });
     });
 
-    it('Disabling limit works', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpgLarge)
-        .limitInputPixels(false)
+    it('Invalid fails - float', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp({ limitInputPixels: 12.3 });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('Invalid fails - string', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp({ limitInputPixels: 'fail' });
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('Same size as input works', () =>
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .metadata()
+        .then(({ width, height }) =>
+          sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { limitInputPixels: width * height }).toBuffer()
+        )
+    );
+
+    it('Disabling limit works', () =>
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpgLarge, { limitInputPixels: false })
         .resize(2)
-        .toBuffer(function (err) {
-          assert.strictEqual(true, !err);
-          done();
-        });
-    });
+        .toBuffer()
+    );
 
-    it('Enabling default limit works and fails with a large image', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpgLarge)
-        .limitInputPixels(true)
-        .toBuffer(function (err) {
-          assert.strictEqual(true, !!err);
-          done();
-        });
-    });
+    it('Enabling default limit works and fails with a large image', () =>
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpgLarge, { limitInputPixels: true })
+        .toBuffer()
+        .then(() => {
+          assert.fail('Expected to fail');
+        })
+        .catch(err => {
+          assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Input image exceeds pixel limit');
+        })
+    );
 
-    it('Smaller than input fails', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-          .limitInputPixels((metadata.width * metadata.height) - 1)
-          .toBuffer(function (err) {
-            assert.strictEqual(true, !!err);
-            done();
-          });
-      });
-    });
+    it('Smaller than input fails', () =>
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .metadata()
+        .then(({ width, height }) =>
+          sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { limitInputPixels: width * height - 1 })
+            .toBuffer()
+            .then(() => {
+              assert.fail('Expected to fail');
+            })
+            .catch(err => {
+              assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Input image exceeds pixel limit');
+            })
+        )
+    );
   });
 
   describe('Input options', function () {
+    it('Option-less', function () {
+      sharp();
+    });
+    it('Ignore unknown attribute', function () {
+      sharp({ unknown: true });
+    });
+    it('undefined with options fails', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp(undefined, {});
+      }, /Unsupported input 'undefined' of type undefined when also providing options of type object/);
+    });
+    it('null with options fails', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp(null, {});
+      }, /Unsupported input 'null' of type object when also providing options of type object/);
+    });
     it('Non-Object options fails', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(null, 'zoinks');
-      });
+        sharp('test', 'zoinks');
+      }, /Invalid input options zoinks/);
     });
     it('Invalid density: string', function () {
       assert.throws(function () {
-        sharp(null, { density: 'zoinks' });
-      });
+        sharp({ density: 'zoinks' });
+      }, /Expected number between 1 and 2400 for density but received zoinks of type string/);
     });
-    it('Ignore unknown attribute', function () {
-      sharp(null, { unknown: true });
+    it('Invalid page property throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ page: -1 });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 100000 for page but received -1 of type number/);
+    });
+    it('Invalid pages property throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ pages: '1' });
+      }, /Expected integer between -1 and 100000 for pages but received 1 of type string/);
+    });
+    it('Valid level property', function () {
+      sharp({ level: 1 });
+    });
+    it('Invalid level property (string) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ level: '1' });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received 1 of type string/);
+    });
+    it('Invalid level property (negative) throws', function () {
+      assert.throws(function () {
+        sharp({ level: -1 });
+      }, /Expected integer between 0 and 256 for level but received -1 of type number/);
     });
   });
 
@@ -739,7 +763,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(472, info.height);
         assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
       });
-    const badPipeline = sharp(null, { raw: { width: 840, height: 500, channels: 3 } })
+    const badPipeline = sharp({ raw: { width: 840, height: 500, channels: 3 } })
       .toFormat('jpeg')
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         assert.strictEqual(err.message.indexOf('memory area too small') > 0, true);
@@ -747,7 +771,7 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         const inPipeline = sharp()
           .resize(840, 472)
           .raw();
-        const goodPipeline = sharp(null, { raw: { width: 840, height: 472, channels: 3 } })
+        const goodPipeline = sharp({ raw: { width: 840, height: 472, channels: 3 } })
           .toFormat('jpeg')
           .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
             if (err) throw err;

test/unit/jpeg.js

@@ -259,4 +259,35 @@ describe('JPEG', function () {
           });
       });
   });
+
+  it('Specifying quantization table provides different JPEG', function (done) {
+    // First generate with default quantization table
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, withDefaultQuantizationTable, withInfo) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, withDefaultQuantizationTable.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(withDefaultQuantizationTable.length, withInfo.size);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withInfo.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, withInfo.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, withInfo.height);
+        // Then generate with different quantization table
+        sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+          .resize(320, 240)
+          .jpeg({ optimiseCoding: false, quantizationTable: 3 })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, withQuantTable3, withoutInfo) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length > 0);
+            assert.strictEqual(withQuantTable3.length, withoutInfo.size);
+            assert.strictEqual('jpeg', withoutInfo.format);
+            assert.strictEqual(320, withoutInfo.width);
+            assert.strictEqual(240, withoutInfo.height);
+
+            // Verify image is same (as mozjpeg may not be present) size or less
+            assert.strictEqual(true, withQuantTable3.length <= withDefaultQuantizationTable.length);
+            done();
+          });
+      });
+  });
 });

test/unit/linear.js

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe('Linear adjustment', function () {
 
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputPngOverlayLayer1)
-        .linear(undefined, { 'bar': 'baz' });
+        .linear(undefined, { bar: 'baz' });
     });
   });
 });