Release v0.30.1

Co-authored-by: Kleis Auke Wolthuizen <github@kleisauke.nl>

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -43,13 +43,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
-          sudo chown 0.0 ${PWD}
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
+          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
   linux-arm64-musl-node-12:
     resource_class: arm.medium
@@ -70,8 +71,9 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
-          sudo chown 0.0 ${PWD}
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:16-alpine3.11
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp node:16-alpine3.11
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache"
-      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
+          sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -23,22 +23,22 @@ the feature you need.
 
 Thank you! To prevent the problem occurring again, please add unit tests that would have failed.
 
-Please select the `master` branch as the destination for your Pull Request so your fix can be included in the next minor release.
+Please select the `main` branch as the destination for your Pull Request so your fix can be included in the next minor release.
 
-Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/master`.
+Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/main`.
 
 To test C++ changes, you can compile the module using `npm install --build-from-source` and then run the tests using `npm test`.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request with a new feature
 
-Please add JavaScript [unit tests](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/master/test/unit) to cover your new feature.
+Please add JavaScript [unit tests](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/main/test/unit) to cover your new feature.
 A test coverage report for the JavaScript code is generated in the `coverage/lcov-report` directory.
 
 Where possible, the functional tests use gradient-based perceptual hashes
 based on [dHash](http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/529-Kind-of-Like-That.html)
 to compare expected vs actual images.
 
-You deserve to add your details to the [list of contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5).
+You deserve to add your details to the [list of contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/package.json#L5).
 
 Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant work-in-progress branch for inclusion in the next major release.
 
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@ Please feel free to ask any questions via a
 [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new).
 
 If you're unable to post details publicly, please
-[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5)
+[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/package.json#L5)
 for private, paid consulting.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ labels: installation
 
 ---
 
+<!-- Please try to answer as many of these questions as possible. -->
+
 Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install)?
 
 Have you ensured the architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime?
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by
 
 If you are using npm v6 or earlier and installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
 
-If you are using npm v7, does the user running `npm install` own the directory it is run in?
+If you are using npm v7 or later, does the user running `npm install` own the directory it is run in?
 
 If you are using the `ignore-scripts` feature of `npm`, have you tried with the `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag?
 

.github/workflows/ci-darwin-arm64v8.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ on:
 jobs:
   CI:
     runs-on: macos-m1
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - nodejs_version: 12
+            nodejs_architecture: x64
+          - nodejs_version: 16
+            nodejs_architecture: arm64
+            prebuild: true
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: /usr/bin/arch -arch arm64e /bin/bash -l {0}
@@ -12,8 +21,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Dependencies
         uses: actions/setup-node@v2
         with:
-          node-version: 16
-          architecture: arm64
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
+          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_architecture }}
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - name: Install
@@ -21,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: npm test
       - name: Prebuild
-        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
         env:
           prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5

README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
-smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP and AVIF images of varying dimensions.
+smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF and AVIF images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
 quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
@@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ readableStream
 
 ## Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
+[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=main)
 [![Node-API v5](https://img.shields.io/badge/Node--API-v5-green.svg)](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html#n_api_n_api_version_matrix)
 
 ## Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

binding.gyp

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
+                'RuntimeLibrary': '2', # /MD
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
               },
               'VCLibrarianTool': {
@@ -205,6 +206,7 @@
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
+                'RuntimeLibrary': '2', # /MD
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
               },
               'VCLibrarianTool': {

docs/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
-smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, AVIF and WebP images of varying dimensions.
+smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF and AVIF images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
 quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ### Formats
 
-This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and SVG images.
+This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, TIFF and SVG images.
 
-Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
+Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
 
 Streams, Buffer objects and the filesystem can be used for input and output.
 
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
 
 ### Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
 
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
 When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
 
 Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Implements the [stream.Duplex][1] class.
     *   `options.limitInputPixels` **([number][15] | [boolean][14])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
         (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
         An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
+    *   `options.unlimited` **[boolean][14]** Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (SVG, PNG). (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.sequentialRead` **[boolean][14]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
         This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.density` **[number][15]** number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000. (optional, default `72`)

docs/api-input.md

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 ## metadata
 
-Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
+Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed pixel data.
+
+This is taken from the header of the input image.
+It does not include operations, such as resize, to be applied to the output image.
+
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 *   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 *   `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
 *   `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
 *   `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
+*   `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
 *   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
 *   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
 *   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -39,6 +44,10 @@ A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Examples
 
+```javascript
+const metadata = await sharp(input).metadata();
+```
+
 ```javascript
 const image = sharp(inputJpg);
 image

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -159,14 +159,28 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 ## blur
 
 Blur the image.
-When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild blur of the output image.
+
+When used without parameters, performs a fast 3x3 box blur (equivalent to a box linear filter).
+
 When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 
 ### Parameters
 
 *   `sigma` **[number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
 
-<!---->
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+const boxBlurred = await sharp(input)
+  .blur()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+```javascript
+const gaussianBlurred = await sharp(input)
+  .blur(5)
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
 *   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 

docs/api-output.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 Write output image data to a file.
 
 If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the extension,
-with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
+with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
 By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 ## toBuffer
 
 Write output to a Buffer.
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF and raw pixel data output are supported.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and raw pixel data output are supported.
 
-If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except SVG input which becomes PNG output.
 
 By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
 See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
@@ -147,8 +147,9 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
     }
   })
   .toBuffer();
+```
 
- * @example
+```javascript
 // Set output metadata to 96 DPI
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .withMetadata({ density: 96 })
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
     *   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.palette` **[boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `100`)
+    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest), sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `7`)
     *   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
     *   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
     *   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `1.0`)
@@ -281,10 +283,9 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
     *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.nearLossless` **[boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.smartSubsample` **[boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.reductionEffort` **[number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
-    *   `options.pageHeight` **[number][9]?** page height for animated output
+    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
     *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.delay` **[Array][10]<[number][9]>?** list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+    *   `options.delay` **([number][9] | [Array][10]<[number][9]>)?** delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
     *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
 ```javascript
 // Optimise the file size of an animated WebP
 const outputWebp = await sharp(inputWebp, { animated: true })
-  .webp({ reductionEffort: 6 })
+  .webp({ effort: 6 })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
@@ -309,27 +310,53 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 ## gif
 
-Use these GIF options for output image.
+Use these GIF options for the output image.
 
-Requires libvips compiled with support for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
-The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
-[installing a custom libvips][11].
+The first entry in the palette is reserved for transparency.
 
 ### Parameters
 
 *   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
 
-    *   `options.pageHeight` **[number][9]?** page height for animated output
+    *   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, including transparency, between 2 and 256 (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours` (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest) (optional, default `7`)
+    *   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) (optional, default `1.0`)
     *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.delay` **[Array][10]<[number][9]>?** list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+    *   `options.delay` **([number][9] | [Array][10]<[number][9]>)?** delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
     *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
-<!---->
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Convert PNG to GIF
+await sharp(pngBuffer)
+  .gif()
+  .toBuffer());
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Convert animated WebP to animated GIF
+await sharp('animated.webp', { animated: true })
+  .toFile('animated.gif');
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Create a 128x128, cropped, non-dithered, animated thumbnail of an animated GIF
+const out = await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true })
+  .resize({ width: 128, height: 128 })
+  .gif({ dither: 0 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
 *   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.30.0
+
 ## jp2
 
 Use these JP2 options for output image.
@@ -379,6 +406,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
+The `density` can be set in pixels/inch via [withMetadata][1] instead of providing `xres` and `yres` in pixels/mm.
+
 ### Parameters
 
 *   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
@@ -393,6 +422,7 @@ Use these TIFF options for output image.
     *   `options.tileHeight` **[number][9]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
     *   `options.xres` **[number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
     *   `options.yres` **[number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    *   `options.resolutionUnit` **[string][2]** resolution unit options: inch, cm (optional, default `'inch'`)
     *   `options.bitdepth` **[number][9]** reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit (optional, default `8`)
 
 ### Examples
@@ -427,7 +457,7 @@ AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 
     *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
     *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.speed` **[number][9]** CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest) (optional, default `5`)
+    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
     *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
 
 <!---->
@@ -454,7 +484,7 @@ globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
     *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
     *   `options.compression` **[string][2]** compression format: av1, hevc (optional, default `'av1'`)
     *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.speed` **[number][9]** CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest) (optional, default `5`)
+    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
     *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
 
 <!---->
@@ -506,8 +536,6 @@ Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
 Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
 Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed archive file format.
 
-Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose a possible race condition in some versions of libgsf.
-
 ### Parameters
 
 *   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
@@ -519,10 +547,10 @@ Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose
     *   `options.depth` **[string][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
     *   `options.skipBlanks` **[number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
     *   `options.container` **[string][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    *   `options.layout` **[string][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+    *   `options.layout` **[string][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
     *   `options.centre` **[boolean][7]** centre image in tile. (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.center` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of centre. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.id` **[string][2]** when `layout` is `iiif`, sets the `@id` attribute of `info.json` (optional, default `'https://example.com/iiif'`)
+    *   `options.id` **[string][2]** when `layout` is `iiif`/`iiif3`, sets the `@id`/`id` attribute of `info.json` (optional, default `'https://example.com/iiif'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -542,6 +570,26 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+## timeout
+
+Set a timeout for processing, in seconds.
+Use a value of zero to continue processing indefinitely, the default behaviour.
+
+The clock starts when libvips opens an input image for processing.
+Time spent waiting for a libuv thread to become available is not included.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][6]** 
+
+    *   `options.seconds` **[number][9]** Number of seconds after which processing will be stopped
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.29.2
+
 [1]: #withmetadata
 
 [2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Possible interpolation kernels are:
     *   `options.background` **([String][10] | [Object][9])** background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
     *   `options.kernel` **[String][10]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
     *   `options.withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][12]** do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.withoutReduction` **[Boolean][12]** do not reduce if the width *or* height are already greater than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
     *   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][12]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
@@ -117,6 +118,21 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
+```javascript
+sharp(input)
+  .resize(200, 200, {
+    fit: sharp.fit.outside,
+    withoutReduction: true
+  })
+  .toFormat('jpeg')
+  .toBuffer()
+  .then(function(outputBuffer) {
+    // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data
+    // of at least 200 pixels wide and 200 pixels high while maintaining aspect ratio
+    // and no smaller than the input image
+  });
+```
+
 ```javascript
 const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
   .metadata()

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -52,6 +52,17 @@ An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
 console.log(sharp.versions);
 ```
 
+## vendor
+
+An Object containing the platform and architecture
+of the current and installed vendored binaries.
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+console.log(sharp.vendor);
+```
+
 ## cache
 
 Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of *libvips'* operation cache.
@@ -177,13 +188,13 @@ Returns **[boolean][10]**
 
 [5]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation
 
-[6]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100
+[6]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100
 
 [7]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance
 
 [8]: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/
 
-[9]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48
+[9]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48
 
 [10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,9 +1,105 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v0.30 - *dresser*
+
+Requires libvips v8.12.2
+
+### v0.30.1 - 9th February 2022
+
+* Allow use of `toBuffer` and `toFile` on the same instance.
+  [#3044](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3044)
+
+* Skip shrink-on-load for known libjpeg rounding errors.
+  [#3066](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3066)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Ensure withoutReduction does not interfere with contain/crop/embed.
+  [#3081](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3081)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Ensure affine interpolator is correctly finalised.
+  [#3083](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3083)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+### v0.30.0 - 1st February 2022
+
+* Add support for GIF output to prebuilt binaries.
+
+* Reduce minimum Linux ARM64v8 glibc requirement to 2.17.
+
+* Verify prebuilt binaries with a Subresource Integrity check.
+
+* Standardise WebP `effort` option name, deprecate `reductionEffort`.
+
+* Standardise HEIF `effort` option name, deprecate `speed`.
+
+* Add support for IIIF v3 tile-based output.
+
+* Expose control over CPU effort for palette-based PNG output.
+  [#2541](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2541)
+
+* Improve animated (multi-page) image resize and extract.
+  [#2789](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2789)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Expose platform and architecture of vendored binaries as `sharp.vendor`.
+  [#2928](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2928)
+
+* Ensure 16-bit PNG output uses correct bitdepth.
+  [#2958](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2958)
+  [@gforge](https://github.com/gforge)
+
+* Properly emit close events for duplex streams.
+  [#2976](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2976)
+  [@driannaude](https://github.com/driannaude)
+
+* Expose `unlimited` option for SVG and PNG input, switches off safety features.
+  [#2984](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2984)
+
+* Add `withoutReduction` option to resize operation.
+  [#3006](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3006)
+  [@christopherbradleybanks](https://github.com/christopherbradleybanks)
+
+* Add `resolutionUnit` as `tiff` option and expose in metadata.
+  [#3023](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3023)
+  [@ompal-sisodiya](https://github.com/ompal-sisodiya)
+
+* Ensure rotate-then-extract works with EXIF mirroring.
+  [#3024](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3024)
+
 ## v0.29 - *circle*
 
 Requires libvips v8.11.3
 
+### v0.29.3 - 14th November 2021
+
+* Ensure correct dimensions when containing image resized to 1px.
+  [#2951](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2951)
+
+* Impute TIFF `xres`/`yres` from `density` provided to `withMetadata`.
+  [#2952](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2952)
+  [@mbklein](https://github.com/mbklein)
+
+### v0.29.2 - 21st October 2021
+
+* Add `timeout` function to limit processing time.
+
+* Ensure `sharp.versions` is populated from vendored libvips.
+
+* Remove animation properties from single page images.
+  [#2890](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2890)
+
+* Allow use of 'tif' to select TIFF output.
+  [#2893](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2893)
+  [@erf](https://github.com/erf)
+
+* Improve error message on Windows for version conflict.
+  [#2918](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2918)
+  [@dkrnl](https://github.com/dkrnl)
+
+* Throw error rather than exit when invalid binaries detected.
+  [#2931](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2931)
+
 ### v0.29.1 - 7th September 2021
 
 * Add `lightness` option to `modulate` operation.

docs/humans.txt

@@ -223,4 +223,16 @@ Name: Tenpi
 GitHub: https://github.com/Tenpi
 
 Name: Zaruike
-https://github.com/Zaruike
+GitHub: https://github.com/Zaruike
+
+Name: Erlend F
+GitHub: https://github.com/erf
+
+Name: Drian Naude
+GitHub: https://github.com/driannaude
+
+Name: Max Gordon
+GitHub: https://github.com/gforge
+
+Name: Chris Banks
+GitHub: https://github.com/christopherbradleybanks

docs/index.html

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 <head>
   <meta charset="utf-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
-  <meta name="description" content="Resize large images in common formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP and AVIF images of varying dimensions">
+  <meta name="description" content="Resize large images in common formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF and AVIF images of varying dimensions">
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; style-src 'unsafe-inline';
     img-src 'unsafe-inline' data: https://pixel.plumbing/px/ https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/ https://www.google-analytics.com;
     connect-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Lovell Fuller"
     },
-    "copyrightYear": [2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021],
+    "copyrightYear": [2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022],
     "license": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
   }
   </script>

docs/install.md

@@ -18,28 +18,29 @@ Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use on the most commo
 
 * macOS x64 (>= 10.13)
 * macOS ARM64
-* Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24)
-* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.29, musl >= 1.1.24)
+* Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24, CPU with SSE4.2)
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24)
 * Windows x64
 * Windows x86
 
-An ~7MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
-is downloaded via HTTPS and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
+A ~7MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
+is downloaded via HTTPS, verified via Subresource Integrity
+and decompressed into `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
 
 This provides support for the
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF (input) and SVG (input) image formats.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and SVG (input) image formats.
 
 The following platforms have prebuilt libvips but not sharp:
 
-* Linux ARMv6
 * Linux ARMv7 (glibc >= 2.28)
+* Linux ARMv6 (glibc >= 2.28)
 * Windows ARM64
 
 The following platforms require compilation of both libvips and sharp from source:
 
 * Linux x86
-* Linux x64 (glibc <= 2.16, includes RHEL/CentOS 6)
-* Linux ARM64 (glibc <= 2.28)
+* Linux ARMv7 (glibc <= 2.27, musl)
+* Linux ARMv6 (glibc <= 2.27, musl)
 * Linux PowerPC
 * FreeBSD
 * OpenBSD
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ See the [cross-platform](#cross-platform) section if this is not the case.
 
 When using npm v6 or earlier, the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag must be used when installing as `root` or a `sudo` user.
 
-When using npm v7, the user running `npm install` must own the directory it is run in.
+When using npm v7 or later, the user running `npm install` must own the directory it is run in.
 
 The `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag must be used when `npm` has been configured to ignore installation scripts.
 
@@ -60,9 +61,7 @@ Check the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp` for useful error messa
 
 ## Apple M1
 
-Prebuilt sharp and libvips binaries are provided for macOS on ARM64 from sharp v0.29.0.
-
-Prebuilt libvips binaries were provided for macOS on ARM64 from sharp v0.28.0.
+Prebuilt sharp and libvips binaries have been provided for macOS on ARM64 since sharp v0.29.0.
 
 ## Cross-platform
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ npm install --platform=... --arch=... --arm-version=... sharp
 * `--platform`: one of `linux`, `linuxmusl`, `darwin` or `win32`.
 * `--arch`: one of `x64`, `ia32`, `arm` or `arm64`.
 * `--arm-version`: one of `6`, `7` or `8` (`arm` defaults to `6`, `arm64` defaults to `8`).
-* `--sharp-install-force`: skip version compatibility checks.
+* `--sharp-install-force`: skip version compatibility and Subresource Integrity checks.
 
 These values can also be set via environment variables,
 `npm_config_platform`, `npm_config_arch`, `npm_config_arm_version`
@@ -145,16 +144,16 @@ A mirror site based in China, provided by Alibaba, contains binaries for both sh
 To use this either set the following configuration:
 
 ```sh
-npm config set sharp_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp"
-npm config set sharp_libvips_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips"
+npm config set sharp_binary_host "https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/sharp"
+npm config set sharp_libvips_binary_host "https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/sharp-libvips"
 npm install sharp
 ```
 
 or set the following environment variables:
 
 ```sh
-npm_config_sharp_binary_host="https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp" \
-  npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host="https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips" \
+npm_config_sharp_binary_host="https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/sharp" \
+  npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host="https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/sharp-libvips" \
   npm install sharp
 ```
 

docs/performance.md

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
 ## The contenders
 
 * [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.16.1 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.5.8 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.5.9 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
 * [@squoosh/lib](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/lib) v0.4.0 - Image libraries transpiled to WebAssembly, includes GPLv3 code.
 * [@squoosh/cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/cli) v0.7.2 - Command line wrapper around `@squoosh/lib`, avoids GPLv3 by spawning process.
-* sharp v0.28.0 / libvips v8.10.6 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* sharp v0.30.0 / libvips v8.12.2 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
 ## The task
 
@@ -21,23 +21,23 @@ then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 ## Test environment
 
 * AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5ad.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (4x AMD EPYC 7R32)
-* Ubuntu 21.04 (ami-0d7626a9c2ceab1ac)
-* Node.js 16.6.2
+* Ubuntu 21.10 (ami-0258eeb71ddf238b3)
+* Node.js 16.13.2
 
 ## Results
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.83 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.09 |      1.3 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.83 |      2.2 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.41 |      4.1 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.34 |     10.0 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.67 |     10.4 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.82 |     10.6 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   29.44 |     35.5 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   29.64 |     35.7 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   31.09 |     37.5 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.84 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.08 |      1.3 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.85 |      2.2 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.45 |      4.1 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.60 |     10.2 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.66 |     10.3 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.79 |     10.5 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   28.90 |     34.4 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   30.08 |     35.8 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   30.42 |     36.2 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.

docs/search-index/stop-words.js

@@ -20,14 +20,19 @@ module.exports = [
   'callback',
   'can',
   'containing',
+  'contains',
+  'current',
+  'date',
   'default',
   'does',
   'each',
   'either',
   'ensure',
+  'entirely',
   'etc',
   'every',
   'except',
+  'following',
   'for',
   'from',
   'get',
@@ -37,10 +42,13 @@ module.exports = [
   'have',
   'how',
   'image',
+  'implies',
   'involve',
   'its',
+  'last',
   'least',
   'lots',
+  'make',
   'may',
   'more',
   'most',
@@ -56,6 +64,7 @@ module.exports = [
   'over',
   'perform',
   'performs',
+  'produce',
   'provide',
   'provided',
   'ready',
@@ -67,12 +76,15 @@ module.exports = [
   'sets',
   'should',
   'since',
+  'site',
+  'specified',
   'spelling',
   'such',
   'support',
   'supported',
   'sure',
   'take',
+  'task',
   'than',
   'that',
   'the',
@@ -84,12 +96,15 @@ module.exports = [
   'this',
   'under',
   'unless',
+  'unmaintained',
+  'unsuitable',
   'until',
   'use',
   'used',
   'using',
   'value',
   'values',
+  'were',
   'when',
   'which',
   'while',

install/libvips.js

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const os = require('os');
 const path = require('path');
 const stream = require('stream');
 const zlib = require('zlib');
+const { createHash } = require('crypto');
 
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
 const semverLessThan = require('semver/functions/lt');
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ const platform = require('../lib/platform');
 
 const minimumGlibcVersionByArch = {
   arm: '2.28',
-  arm64: '2.29',
+  arm64: '2.17',
   x64: '2.17'
 };
 
@@ -55,6 +56,33 @@ const handleError = function (err) {
   }
 };
 
+const verifyIntegrity = function (platformAndArch) {
+  const expected = libvips.integrity(platformAndArch);
+  if (installationForced || !expected) {
+    libvips.log(`Integrity check skipped for ${platformAndArch}`);
+    return new stream.PassThrough();
+  }
+  const hash = createHash('sha512');
+  return new stream.Transform({
+    transform: function (chunk, _encoding, done) {
+      hash.update(chunk);
+      done(null, chunk);
+    },
+    flush: function (done) {
+      const digest = `sha512-${hash.digest('base64')}`;
+      if (expected !== digest) {
+        libvips.removeVendoredLibvips();
+        libvips.log(`Integrity expected: ${expected}`);
+        libvips.log(`Integrity received: ${digest}`);
+        done(new Error(`Integrity check failed for ${platformAndArch}`));
+      } else {
+        libvips.log(`Integrity check passed for ${platformAndArch}`);
+        done();
+      }
+    }
+  });
+};
+
 const extractTarball = function (tarPath, platformAndArch) {
   const versionedVendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch);
   libvips.mkdirSync(versionedVendorPath);
@@ -66,6 +94,7 @@ const extractTarball = function (tarPath, platformAndArch) {
 
   stream.pipeline(
     fs.createReadStream(tarPath),
+    verifyIntegrity(platformAndArch),
     new zlib.BrotliDecompress(),
     tarFs.extract(versionedVendorPath, { ignore }),
     function (err) {
@@ -103,14 +132,16 @@ try {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
     // Linux libc version check
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]) {
-      if (semverLessThan(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
-        handleError(new Error(`Use with glibc ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
+    const libcFamily = detectLibc.familySync();
+    const libcVersion = detectLibc.versionSync();
+    if (libcFamily === detectLibc.GLIBC && libcVersion && minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]) {
+      if (semverLessThan(`${libcVersion}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
+        handleError(new Error(`Use with glibc ${libcVersion} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
       }
     }
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.MUSL && detectLibc.version) {
-      if (semverLessThan(detectLibc.version, '1.1.24')) {
-        handleError(new Error(`Use with musl ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
+    if (libcFamily === detectLibc.MUSL && libcVersion) {
+      if (semverLessThan(libcVersion, '1.1.24')) {
+        handleError(new Error(`Use with musl ${libcVersion} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
       }
     }
     // Node.js minimum version check
@@ -120,7 +151,7 @@ try {
     }
 
     // Download to per-process temporary file
-    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.br';
+    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.br';
     const tarPathCache = path.join(libvips.cachePath(), tarFilename);
     if (fs.existsSync(tarPathCache)) {
       libvips.log(`Using cached ${tarPathCache}`);

lib/constructor.js

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 /**
  * Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
  *
- * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
+ * JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
  * When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
  *
  * Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * @param {number|boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
  *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
  *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unlimited=false] - Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (SVG, PNG).
  * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
  *  This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems.
  * @param {number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000.
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     extendRight: 0,
     extendBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     withoutEnlargement: false,
+    withoutReduction: false,
     affineMatrix: [],
     affineBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     affineIdx: 0,
@@ -233,6 +235,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     pngAdaptiveFiltering: false,
     pngPalette: false,
     pngQuality: 100,
+    pngEffort: 7,
     pngBitdepth: 8,
     pngDither: 1,
     jp2Quality: 80,
@@ -245,7 +248,10 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     webpLossless: false,
     webpNearLossless: false,
     webpSmartSubsample: false,
-    webpReductionEffort: 4,
+    webpEffort: 4,
+    gifBitdepth: 8,
+    gifEffort: 7,
+    gifDither: 1,
     tiffQuality: 80,
     tiffCompression: 'jpeg',
     tiffPredictor: 'horizontal',
@@ -256,10 +262,11 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tiffTileWidth: 256,
     tiffXres: 1.0,
     tiffYres: 1.0,
+    tiffResolutionUnit: 'inch',
     heifQuality: 50,
     heifLossless: false,
     heifCompression: 'av1',
-    heifSpeed: 5,
+    heifEffort: 4,
     heifChromaSubsampling: '4:4:4',
     rawDepth: 'uchar',
     tileSize: 256,
@@ -273,6 +280,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     tileCentre: false,
     tileId: 'https://example.com/iiif',
+    timeoutSeconds: 0,
     linearA: 1,
     linearB: 0,
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
@@ -288,7 +296,8 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
   this.options.input = this._createInputDescriptor(input, options, { allowStream: true });
   return this;
 };
-util.inherits(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
+Object.setPrototypeOf(Sharp.prototype, stream.Duplex.prototype);
+Object.setPrototypeOf(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
 
 /**
  * Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.

lib/input.js

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ const sharp = require('./sharp');
  * @private
  */
 function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
-  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
-  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
-    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
+  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
+  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
+    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
     : undefined;
 }
 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   const inputDescriptor = {
     failOnError: true,
     limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
+    unlimited: false,
     sequentialRead: false
   };
   if (is.string(input)) {
@@ -83,6 +84,14 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer >= 0', inputOptions.limitInputPixels);
       }
     }
+    // unlimited
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.unlimited)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.unlimited)) {
+        inputDescriptor.unlimited = inputOptions.unlimited;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('unlimited', 'boolean', inputOptions.unlimited);
+      }
+    }
     // sequentialRead
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
       if (is.bool(inputOptions.sequentialRead)) {
@@ -281,7 +290,11 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
 }
 
 /**
- * Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
+ * Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed pixel data.
+ *
+ * This is taken from the header of the input image.
+ * It does not include operations, such as resize, to be applied to the output image.
+ *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * - `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
@@ -303,6 +316,7 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
  * - `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
  * - `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
+ * - `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -313,6 +327,9 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
  *
  * @example
+ * const metadata = await sharp(input).metadata();
+ *
+ * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
  * image
  *   .metadata()

lib/libvips.js

@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ const semverCoerce = require('semver/functions/coerce');
 const semverGreaterThanOrEqualTo = require('semver/functions/gte');
 
 const platform = require('./platform');
+const { config } = require('../package.json');
 
 const env = process.env;
 const minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
-  require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+  config.libvips;
 const minimumLibvipsVersion = semverCoerce(minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled).version;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ const spawnSyncOptions = {
   shell: true
 };
 
+const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platform());
+
 const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
   try {
     fs.mkdirSync(dirPath, { recursive: true });
@@ -39,6 +42,10 @@ const cachePath = function () {
   return libvipsCachePath;
 };
 
+const integrity = function (platformAndArch) {
+  return env[`npm_package_config_integrity_${platformAndArch.replace('-', '_')}`] || config.integrity[platformAndArch];
+};
+
 const log = function (item) {
   if (item instanceof Error) {
     console.error(`sharp: Installation error: ${item.message}`);
@@ -67,10 +74,15 @@ const globalLibvipsVersion = function () {
 };
 
 const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
-  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platform());
   return fs.existsSync(vendorPath);
 };
 
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+const removeVendoredLibvips = function () {
+  const rm = fs.rmSync ? fs.rmSync : fs.rmdirSync;
+  rm(vendorPath, { recursive: true, maxRetries: 3, force: true });
+};
+
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
     const brewPkgConfigPath = spawnSync('which brew >/dev/null 2>&1 && eval $(brew --env) && echo $PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR', spawnSyncOptions).stdout || '';
@@ -99,9 +111,11 @@ module.exports = {
   minimumLibvipsVersion,
   minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled,
   cachePath,
+  integrity,
   log,
   globalLibvipsVersion,
   hasVendoredLibvips,
+  removeVendoredLibvips,
   pkgConfigPath,
   useGlobalLibvips,
   mkdirSync

lib/operation.js

@@ -245,8 +245,21 @@ function median (size) {
 
 /**
  * Blur the image.
- * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild blur of the output image.
+ *
+ * When used without parameters, performs a fast 3x3 box blur (equivalent to a box linear filter).
+ *
  * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const boxBlurred = await sharp(input)
+ *   .blur()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const gaussianBlurred = await sharp(input)
+ *   .blur(5)
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters

lib/output.js

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const formats = new Map([
   ['png', 'png'],
   ['raw', 'raw'],
   ['tiff', 'tiff'],
+  ['tif', 'tiff'],
   ['webp', 'webp'],
   ['gif', 'gif'],
   ['jp2', 'jp2'],
@@ -21,14 +22,15 @@ const formats = new Map([
   ['j2c', 'jp2']
 ]);
 
-const errMagickSave = new Error('GIF output requires libvips with support for ImageMagick');
 const errJp2Save = new Error('JP2 output requires libvips with support for OpenJPEG');
 
+const bitdepthFromColourCount = (colours) => 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math.log2(colours)));
+
 /**
  * Write output image data to a file.
  *
  * If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the extension,
- * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
+ * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
  * Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
  *
  * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
@@ -62,8 +64,6 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
     err = new Error('Missing output file path');
   } else if (is.string(this.options.input.file) && path.resolve(this.options.input.file) === path.resolve(fileOut)) {
     err = new Error('Cannot use same file for input and output');
-  } else if (this.options.formatOut === 'input' && fileOut.toLowerCase().endsWith('.gif') && !this.constructor.format.magick.output.file) {
-    err = errMagickSave;
   }
   if (err) {
     if (is.fn(callback)) {
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
 
 /**
  * Write output to a Buffer.
- * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF and raw pixel data output are supported.
+ * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and raw pixel data output are supported.
  *
- * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
+ * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except SVG input which becomes PNG output.
  *
  * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
  * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
   } else if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
     this.options.resolveWithObject = false;
   }
+  this.options.fileOut = '';
   return this._pipeline(is.fn(options) ? options : callback);
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *   })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
- *  * @example
+ * @example
  * // Set output metadata to 96 DPI
  * const data = await sharp(input)
  *   .withMetadata({ density: 96 })
@@ -373,6 +374,7 @@ function jpeg (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
  * @param {boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support
  * @param {number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true`
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest), sets `palette` to `true`
  * @param {number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true`
  * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true`
  * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true`
@@ -397,7 +399,7 @@ function png (options) {
     }
     if (is.defined(options.palette)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', options.palette);
-    } else if (is.defined(options.quality) || is.defined(options.colours || options.colors) || is.defined(options.dither)) {
+    } else if ([options.quality, options.effort, options.colours, options.colors, options.dither].some(is.defined)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', true);
     }
     if (this.options.pngPalette) {
@@ -408,10 +410,17 @@ function png (options) {
           throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.quality);
         }
       }
+      if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
+        if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 1, 10)) {
+          this.options.pngEffort = options.effort;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 1 and 10', options.effort);
+        }
+      }
       const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
       if (is.defined(colours)) {
         if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
-          this.options.pngBitdepth = 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math.log2(colours)));
+          this.options.pngBitdepth = bitdepthFromColourCount(colours);
         } else {
           throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
         }
@@ -440,7 +449,7 @@ function png (options) {
  * @example
  * // Optimise the file size of an animated WebP
  * const outputWebp = await sharp(inputWebp, { animated: true })
- *   .webp({ reductionEffort: 6 })
+ *   .webp({ effort: 6 })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
@@ -449,69 +458,111 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
  * @param {boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
  * @param {boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
- * @param {number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
- * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest)
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
- * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
 function webp (options) {
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.quality)) {
-    if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
-      this.options.webpQuality = options.quality;
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
+        this.options.webpQuality = options.quality;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.alphaQuality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 0, 100)) {
+        this.options.webpAlphaQuality = options.alphaQuality;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('alphaQuality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.alphaQuality);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.lossless)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpLossless', options.lossless);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.nearLossless)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpNearLossless', options.nearLossless);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
+    }
+    const effort = options.effort || options.reductionEffort;
+    if (is.defined(effort)) {
+      if (is.integer(effort) && is.inRange(effort, 0, 6)) {
+        this.options.webpEffort = effort;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 0 and 6', effort);
+      }
     }
   }
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.alphaQuality)) {
-    if (is.integer(options.alphaQuality) && is.inRange(options.alphaQuality, 0, 100)) {
-      this.options.webpAlphaQuality = options.alphaQuality;
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('alphaQuality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.alphaQuality);
-    }
-  }
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.lossless)) {
-    this._setBooleanOption('webpLossless', options.lossless);
-  }
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.nearLossless)) {
-    this._setBooleanOption('webpNearLossless', options.nearLossless);
-  }
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
-    this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
-  }
-  if (is.object(options) && is.defined(options.reductionEffort)) {
-    if (is.integer(options.reductionEffort) && is.inRange(options.reductionEffort, 0, 6)) {
-      this.options.webpReductionEffort = options.reductionEffort;
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('reductionEffort', 'integer between 0 and 6', options.reductionEffort);
-    }
-  }
-
   trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('webp', options);
 }
 
 /**
- * Use these GIF options for output image.
+ * Use these GIF options for the output image.
  *
- * Requires libvips compiled with support for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
- * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
- * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
+ * The first entry in the palette is reserved for transparency.
+ *
+ * @since 0.30.0
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert PNG to GIF
+ * await sharp(pngBuffer)
+ *   .gif()
+ *   .toBuffer());
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert animated WebP to animated GIF
+ * await sharp('animated.webp', { animated: true })
+ *   .toFile('animated.gif');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Create a 128x128, cropped, non-dithered, animated thumbnail of an animated GIF
+ * const out = await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true })
+ *   .resize({ width: 128, height: 128 })
+ *   .gif({ dither: 0 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
+ * @param {number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, including transparency, between 2 and 256
+ * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest)
+ * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most)
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
- * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
-/* istanbul ignore next */
 function gif (options) {
-  if (!this.constructor.format.magick.output.buffer) {
-    throw errMagickSave;
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
+    if (is.defined(colours)) {
+      if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
+        this.options.gifBitdepth = bitdepthFromColourCount(colours);
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
+      if (is.number(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 1, 10)) {
+        this.options.gifEffort = options.effort;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 1 and 10', options.effort);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
+      if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
+        this.options.gifDither = options.dither;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
+      }
+    }
   }
   trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('gif', options);
@@ -600,20 +651,12 @@ function jp2 (options) {
  * @private
  *
  * @param {Object} [source] - output options
- * @param {number} [source.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
  * @param {number} [source.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
  * @param {number[]} [source.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {Object} [target] - target object for valid options
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
 function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
-  if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.pageHeight)) {
-    if (is.integer(source.pageHeight) && source.pageHeight > 0) {
-      target.pageHeight = source.pageHeight;
-    } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('pageHeight', 'integer larger than 0', source.pageHeight);
-    }
-  }
   if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.loop)) {
     if (is.integer(source.loop) && is.inRange(source.loop, 0, 65535)) {
       target.loop = source.loop;
@@ -622,13 +665,16 @@ function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
     }
   }
   if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.delay)) {
-    if (
+    // We allow singular values as well
+    if (is.integer(source.delay) && is.inRange(source.delay, 0, 65535)) {
+      target.delay = [source.delay];
+    } else if (
       Array.isArray(source.delay) &&
       source.delay.every(is.integer) &&
       source.delay.every(v => is.inRange(v, 0, 65535))) {
       target.delay = source.delay;
     } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('delay', 'array of integers between 0 and 65535', source.delay);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('delay', 'integer or an array of integers between 0 and 65535', source.delay);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -636,6 +682,8 @@ function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
 /**
  * Use these TIFF options for output image.
  *
+ * The `density` can be set in pixels/inch via {@link withMetadata} instead of providing `xres` and `yres` in pixels/mm.
+ *
  * @example
  * // Convert SVG input to LZW-compressed, 1 bit per pixel TIFF output
  * sharp('input.svg')
@@ -657,6 +705,7 @@ function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
  * @param {number} [options.tileHeight=256] - vertical tile size
  * @param {number} [options.xres=1.0] - horizontal resolution in pixels/mm
  * @param {number} [options.yres=1.0] - vertical resolution in pixels/mm
+ * @param {string} [options.resolutionUnit='inch'] - resolution unit options: inch, cm
  * @param {number} [options.bitdepth=8] - reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -730,6 +779,14 @@ function tiff (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('predictor', 'one of: none, horizontal, float', options.predictor);
       }
     }
+    // resolutionUnit
+    if (is.defined(options.resolutionUnit)) {
+      if (is.string(options.resolutionUnit) && is.inArray(options.resolutionUnit, ['inch', 'cm'])) {
+        this.options.tiffResolutionUnit = options.resolutionUnit;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('resolutionUnit', 'one of: inch, cm', options.resolutionUnit);
+      }
+    }
   }
   return this._updateFormatOut('tiff', options);
 }
@@ -747,7 +804,7 @@ function tiff (options) {
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
  * @param {number} [options.quality=50] - quality, integer 1-100
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
- * @param {number} [options.speed=5] - CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest)
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
  * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -768,7 +825,7 @@ function avif (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.quality=50] - quality, integer 1-100
  * @param {string} [options.compression='av1'] - compression format: av1, hevc
  * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
- * @param {number} [options.speed=5] - CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest)
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
  * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -796,9 +853,15 @@ function heif (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: av1, hevc', options.compression);
       }
     }
-    if (is.defined(options.speed)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 0, 9)) {
+        this.options.heifEffort = options.effort;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.effort);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.speed)) {
       if (is.integer(options.speed) && is.inRange(options.speed, 0, 9)) {
-        this.options.heifSpeed = options.speed;
+        this.options.heifEffort = 9 - options.speed;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('speed', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.speed);
       }
@@ -858,8 +921,6 @@ function raw (options) {
  * Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
  * Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed archive file format.
  *
- * Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose a possible race condition in some versions of libgsf.
- *
  * @example
  *  sharp('input.tiff')
  *   .png()
@@ -879,10 +940,10 @@ function raw (options) {
  * @param {string} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
  * @param {number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
  * @param {string} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
- * @param {string} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {string} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`.
  * @param {boolean} [options.centre=false] centre image in tile.
  * @param {boolean} [options.center=false] alternative spelling of centre.
- * @param {string} [options.id='https://example.com/iiif'] when `layout` is `iiif`, sets the `@id` attribute of `info.json`
+ * @param {string} [options.id='https://example.com/iiif'] when `layout` is `iiif`/`iiif3`, sets the `@id`/`id` attribute of `info.json`
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -917,10 +978,10 @@ function tile (options) {
     }
     // Layout
     if (is.defined(options.layout)) {
-      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'iiif', 'zoomify'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'iiif', 'iiif3', 'zoomify'])) {
         this.options.tileLayout = options.layout;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, iiif, zoomify', options.layout);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, iiif, iiif3, zoomify', options.layout);
       }
     }
     // Angle of rotation,
@@ -974,6 +1035,31 @@ function tile (options) {
   return this._updateFormatOut('dz');
 }
 
+/**
+ * Set a timeout for processing, in seconds.
+ * Use a value of zero to continue processing indefinitely, the default behaviour.
+ *
+ * The clock starts when libvips opens an input image for processing.
+ * Time spent waiting for a libuv thread to become available is not included.
+ *
+ * @since 0.29.2
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {number} options.seconds - Number of seconds after which processing will be stopped
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ */
+function timeout (options) {
+  if (!is.plainObject(options)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'object', options);
+  }
+  if (is.integer(options.seconds) && is.inRange(options.seconds, 0, 3600)) {
+    this.options.timeoutSeconds = options.seconds;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('seconds', 'integer between 0 and 3600', options.seconds);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Update the output format unless options.force is false,
  * in which case revert to input format.
@@ -1050,6 +1136,7 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
             this.push(data);
           }
           this.push(null);
+          this.emit('close');
         });
       });
       if (this.streamInFinished) {
@@ -1065,6 +1152,7 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
           this.push(data);
         }
         this.push(null);
+        this.emit('close');
       });
     }
     return this;
@@ -1128,6 +1216,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     gif,
     raw,
     tile,
+    timeout,
     // Private
     _updateFormatOut,
     _setBooleanOption,

lib/platform.js

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module.exports = function () {
   const arch = env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
   const platform = env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
   /* istanbul ignore next */
-  const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinux) ? detectLibc.family : '';
+  const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinuxSync()) ? detectLibc.familySync() : '';
 
   const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];
 

lib/resize.js

@@ -183,6 +183,20 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
  *   });
  *
  * @example
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .resize(200, 200, {
+ *     fit: sharp.fit.outside,
+ *     withoutReduction: true
+ *   })
+ *   .toFormat('jpeg')
+ *   .toBuffer()
+ *   .then(function(outputBuffer) {
+ *     // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data
+ *     // of at least 200 pixels wide and 200 pixels high while maintaining aspect ratio
+ *     // and no smaller than the input image
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @example
  * const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
  *   .metadata()
  *   .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
@@ -200,6 +214,7 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
  * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - the kernel to use for image reduction.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutEnlargement=false] - do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutReduction=false] - do not reduce if the width *or* height are already greater than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.fastShrinkOnLoad=true] - take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -276,6 +291,10 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
     if (is.defined(options.withoutEnlargement)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('withoutEnlargement', options.withoutEnlargement);
     }
+    // Without reduction
+    if (is.defined(options.withoutReduction)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('withoutReduction', options.withoutReduction);
+    }
     // Shrink on load
     if (is.defined(options.fastShrinkOnLoad)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('fastShrinkOnLoad', options.fastShrinkOnLoad);

lib/sharp.js

@@ -11,14 +11,22 @@ try {
   if (/dylib/.test(err.message) && /Incompatible library version/.test(err.message)) {
     help.push('- Update Homebrew: "brew update && brew upgrade vips"');
   } else {
+    const [platform, arch] = platformAndArch.split('-');
     help.push(
       '- Install with the --verbose flag and look for errors: "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose sharp"',
-      `- Install for the current runtime: "npm install --platform=${process.platform} --arch=${process.arch} sharp"`
+      `- Install for the current ${platformAndArch} runtime: "npm install --platform=${platform} --arch=${arch} sharp"`
     );
   }
   help.push(
     '- Consult the installation documentation: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install'
   );
-  console.error(help.join('\n'));
-  process.exit(1);
+  // Check loaded
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    const loadedModule = Object.keys(require.cache).find((i) => /[\\/]build[\\/]Release[\\/]sharp(.*)\.node$/.test(i));
+    if (loadedModule) {
+      const [, loadedPackage] = loadedModule.match(/node_modules[\\/]([^\\/]+)[\\/]/);
+      help.push(`- Ensure the version of sharp aligns with the ${loadedPackage} package: "npm ls sharp"`);
+    }
+  }
+  throw new Error(help.join('\n'));
 }

lib/utility.js

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
 const events = require('events');
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
 
 const is = require('./is');
+const platformAndArch = require('./platform')();
 const sharp = require('./sharp');
 
 /**
@@ -27,11 +30,11 @@ const interpolators = {
   bilinear: 'bilinear',
   /** [Bicubic interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation) (the default). */
   bicubic: 'bicubic',
-  /** [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. */
+  /** [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. */
   locallyBoundedBicubic: 'lbb',
   /** [Nohalo interpolation](http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/). Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3. */
   nohalo: 'nohalo',
-  /** [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. */
+  /** [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. */
   vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline: 'vsqbs'
 };
 
@@ -45,8 +48,23 @@ let versions = {
   vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
 };
 try {
-  versions = require(`../vendor/${versions.vips}/versions.json`);
-} catch (err) {}
+  versions = require(`../vendor/${versions.vips}/${platformAndArch}/versions.json`);
+} catch (_err) { /* ignore */ }
+
+/**
+ * An Object containing the platform and architecture
+ * of the current and installed vendored binaries.
+ * @member
+ * @example
+ * console.log(sharp.vendor);
+ */
+const vendor = {
+  current: platformAndArch,
+  installed: []
+};
+try {
+  vendor.installed = fs.readdirSync(path.join(__dirname, `../vendor/${versions.vips}`));
+} catch (_err) { /* ignore */ }
 
 /**
  * Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
@@ -110,7 +128,7 @@ function concurrency (concurrency) {
   return sharp.concurrency(is.integer(concurrency) ? concurrency : null);
 }
 /* istanbul ignore next */
-if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && !sharp._isUsingJemalloc()) {
+if (detectLibc.familySync() === detectLibc.GLIBC && !sharp._isUsingJemalloc()) {
   // Reduce default concurrency to 1 when using glibc memory allocator
   sharp.concurrency(1);
 }
@@ -175,5 +193,6 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Sharp.format = format;
   Sharp.interpolators = interpolators;
   Sharp.versions = versions;
+  Sharp.vendor = vendor;
   Sharp.queue = queue;
 };

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
-  "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.29.1",
+  "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF and TIFF images",
+  "version": "0.30.1",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -79,7 +79,9 @@
     "Michael Nutt <michael@nutt.im>",
     "Brad Parham <baparham@gmail.com>",
     "Taneli Vatanen <taneli.vatanen@gmail.com>",
-    "Joris Dugué <zaruike10@gmail.com>"
+    "Joris Dugué <zaruike10@gmail.com>",
+    "Chris Banks <christopher.bradley.banks@gmail.com>",
+    "Ompal Singh <ompal.hitm09@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node install/can-compile && node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
@@ -124,33 +126,46 @@
     "vips"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "color": "^4.0.1",
-    "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "node-addon-api": "^4.1.0",
-    "prebuild-install": "^6.1.4",
+    "color": "^4.2.0",
+    "detect-libc": "^2.0.0",
+    "node-addon-api": "^4.3.0",
+    "prebuild-install": "^7.0.1",
     "semver": "^7.3.5",
-    "simple-get": "^3.1.0",
+    "simple-get": "^4.0.1",
     "tar-fs": "^2.1.1",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^3.2.1",
+    "async": "^3.2.3",
     "cc": "^3.0.1",
     "decompress-zip": "^0.3.3",
     "documentation": "^13.2.5",
     "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
     "icc": "^2.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^9.1.1",
-    "mock-fs": "^5.0.0",
+    "mocha": "^9.2.0",
+    "mock-fs": "^5.1.2",
     "nyc": "^15.1.0",
-    "prebuild": "^10.0.1",
+    "prebuild": "^11.0.3",
     "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
     "semistandard": "^16.0.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.11.3",
+    "libvips": "8.12.2",
+    "integrity": {
+      "darwin-arm64v8": "sha512-p46s/bbJAjkOXzPISZt9HUpG9GWjwQkYnLLRLKzsBJHLtB3X6C6Y/zXI5Hd0DOojcFkks9a0kTN+uDQ/XJY19g==",
+      "darwin-x64": "sha512-6vOHVZnvXwe6EXRsy29jdkUzBE6ElNpXUwd+m8vV7qy32AnXu7B9YemHsZ44vWviIwPZeXF6Nhd9EFLM0wWohw==",
+      "linux-arm64v8": "sha512-XwZdS63yhqLtbFtx/0eoLF/Agf5qtTrI11FMnMRpuBJWd4jHB60RAH+uzYUgoChCmKIS+AeXYMLm4d8Ns2QX8w==",
+      "linux-armv6": "sha512-Rh0Q0kqwPG2MjXWOkPCuPEyiUKFgKJYWLgS835D4MrXgdKr8Tft/eVrc2iGIxt2re30VpDiZ1h0Rby1aCZt2zw==",
+      "linux-armv7": "sha512-heTS/MsmRvu4JljINxP+vDiS9ZZfuGhr3IStb5F7Gc0/QLRhllYAg4rcO8L1eTK9sIIzG5ARvI19+YUZe7WbzA==",
+      "linux-x64": "sha512-SSWAwBFi0hx8V/h/v82tTFGKWTFv9FiCK3Timz5OExuI+sX1Ngrd0PVQaWXOThGNdel/fcD3Bz9YjSt4feBR1g==",
+      "linuxmusl-arm64v8": "sha512-Rhks+5C7p7aO6AucLT1uvzo8ohlqcqCUPgZmN+LZjsPWob/Iix3MfiDYtv/+gTvdeEfXxbCU6/YuPBwHQ7/crA==",
+      "linuxmusl-x64": "sha512-IOyjSQqpWVntqOUpCHVWuQwACwmmjdi15H8Pc+Ma1JkhPogTfVsFQWyL7DuOTD3Yr23EuYGzovUX00duOtfy/g==",
+      "win32-arm64v8": "sha512-A+Qe8Ipewtvw9ldvF6nWed2J8kphzrUE04nFeKCtNx6pfGQ/MAlCKMjt/U8VgUKNjB01zJDUW9XE0+FhGZ/UpQ==",
+      "win32-ia32": "sha512-cMrAvwFdDeAVnLJt0IPMPRKaIFhyXYGTprsM0DND9VUHE8F7dJMR44tS5YkXsGh1QNDtjKT6YuxAVUglmiXtpA==",
+      "win32-x64": "sha512-vLFIfw6aW2zABa8jpgzWDhljnE6glktrddErVyazAIoHl6BFFe/Da+LK1DbXvIYHz7fyOoKhSfCJHCiJG1Vg6w=="
+    },
     "runtime": "napi",
     "target": 5
   },

src/common.cc

@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ namespace sharp {
     descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrAsUint32(input, "limitInputPixels");
     // Allow switch from random to sequential access
     descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    // Remove safety features and allow unlimited SVG/PNG input
+    descriptor->unlimited = AttrAsBool(input, "unlimited");
     return descriptor;
   }
 
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ namespace sharp {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
-            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PNG)) {
               option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
@@ -403,7 +405,7 @@ namespace sharp {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
-            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PNG)) {
               option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
@@ -488,30 +490,24 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   /*
     Set animation properties if necessary.
-    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
   */
-  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
-    bool hasDelay = delay.size() != 1 || delay.front() != -1;
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int nPages, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
+    bool hasDelay = !delay.empty();
 
-    if (pageHeight == 0 && image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
-      pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
+    // Avoid a copy if none of the animation properties are needed.
+    if (nPages == 1 && !hasDelay && loop == -1) return image;
+
+    if (delay.size() == 1) {
+      // We have just one delay, repeat that value for all frames.
+      delay.insert(delay.end(), nPages - 1, delay[0]);
     }
 
-    if (!hasDelay && image.get_typeof("delay") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_INT) {
-      delay = image.get_array_int("delay");
-      hasDelay = true;
-    }
-
-    if (loop == -1 && image.get_typeof("loop") == G_TYPE_INT) {
-      loop = image.get_int("loop");
-    }
-
-    if (pageHeight == 0) return image;
-
-    // It is necessary to create the copy as otherwise, pageHeight will be ignored!
+    // Attaching metadata, need to copy the image.
     VImage copy = image.copy();
 
-    copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
+    // Only set page-height if we have more than one page, or this could
+    // accidentally turn into an animated image later.
+    if (nPages > 1) copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
     if (hasDelay) copy.set("delay", delay);
     if (loop != -1) copy.set("loop", loop);
 
@@ -554,6 +550,14 @@ namespace sharp {
     return copy;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Multi-page images can have a page height. Fetch it, and sanity check it.
+    If page-height is not set, it defaults to the image height
+  */
+  int GetPageHeight(VImage image) {
+    return vips_image_get_page_height(image.get_image());
+  }
+
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
   */
@@ -610,6 +614,33 @@ namespace sharp {
     return warning;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Attach an event listener for progress updates, used to detect timeout
+  */
+  void SetTimeout(VImage image, int const seconds) {
+    if (seconds > 0) {
+      VipsImage *im = image.get_image();
+      if (im->progress_signal == NULL) {
+        int *timeout = VIPS_NEW(im, int);
+        *timeout = seconds;
+        g_signal_connect(im, "eval", G_CALLBACK(VipsProgressCallBack), timeout);
+        vips_image_set_progress(im, TRUE);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Event listener for progress updates, used to detect timeout
+  */
+  void VipsProgressCallBack(VipsImage *im, VipsProgress *progress, int *timeout) {
+    // printf("VipsProgressCallBack progress=%d run=%d timeout=%d\n", progress->percent, progress->run, *timeout);
+    if (*timeout > 0 && progress->run >= *timeout) {
+      vips_image_set_kill(im, TRUE);
+      vips_error("timeout", "%d%% complete", progress->percent);
+      *timeout = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
   /*
     Calculate the (left, top) coordinates of the output image
     within the input image, applying the given gravity during an embed.
@@ -853,4 +884,79 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
+  std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement, bool withoutReduction) {
+    if (swap) {
+      // Swap input width and height when requested.
+      std::swap(width, height);
+    }
+
+    double hshrink = 1.0;
+    double vshrink = 1.0;
+
+    if (targetWidth > 0 && targetHeight > 0) {
+      // Fixed width and height
+      hshrink = static_cast<double>(width) / targetWidth;
+      vshrink = static_cast<double>(height) / targetHeight;
+
+      switch (canvas) {
+        case Canvas::CROP:
+        case Canvas::MIN:
+          if (hshrink < vshrink) {
+            vshrink = hshrink;
+          } else {
+            hshrink = vshrink;
+          }
+          break;
+        case Canvas::EMBED:
+        case Canvas::MAX:
+          if (hshrink > vshrink) {
+            vshrink = hshrink;
+          } else {
+            hshrink = vshrink;
+          }
+          break;
+        case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
+          if (swap) {
+            std::swap(hshrink, vshrink);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    } else if (targetWidth > 0) {
+      // Fixed width
+      hshrink = static_cast<double>(width) / targetWidth;
+
+      if (canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+        // Auto height
+        vshrink = hshrink;
+      }
+    } else if (targetHeight > 0) {
+      // Fixed height
+      vshrink = static_cast<double>(height) / targetHeight;
+
+      if (canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
+        // Auto width
+        hshrink = vshrink;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // We should not reduce or enlarge the output image, if
+    // withoutReduction or withoutEnlargement is specified.
+    if (withoutReduction) {
+      // Equivalent of VIPS_SIZE_UP
+      hshrink = std::min(1.0, hshrink);
+      vshrink = std::min(1.0, vshrink);
+    } else if (withoutEnlargement) {
+      // Equivalent of VIPS_SIZE_DOWN
+      hshrink = std::max(1.0, hshrink);
+      vshrink = std::max(1.0, vshrink);
+    }
+
+    // We don't want to shrink so much that we send an axis to 0
+    hshrink = std::min(hshrink, static_cast<double>(width));
+    vshrink = std::min(vshrink, static_cast<double>(height));
+
+    return std::make_pair(hshrink, vshrink);
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/common.h

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
 #if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 11) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 11 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 3)
-#error "libvips version 8.11.3+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 12) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 12 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 2)
+#error "libvips version 8.12.2+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     char *buffer;
     bool failOnError;
     int limitInputPixels;
+    bool unlimited;
     VipsAccess access;
     size_t bufferLength;
     bool isBuffer;
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       buffer(nullptr),
       failOnError(TRUE),
       limitInputPixels(0x3FFF * 0x3FFF),
+      unlimited(FALSE),
       access(VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM),
       bufferLength(0),
       isBuffer(FALSE),
@@ -133,6 +135,14 @@ namespace sharp {
     MISSING
   };
 
+  enum class Canvas {
+      CROP,
+      EMBED,
+      MAX,
+      MIN,
+      IGNORE_ASPECT
+  };
+
   // How many tasks are in the queue?
   extern volatile int counterQueue;
 
@@ -206,9 +216,8 @@ namespace sharp {
 
   /*
     Set animation properties if necessary.
-    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
   */
-  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop);
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int nPages, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop);
 
   /*
     Remove animation properties from image.
@@ -230,6 +239,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density);
 
+  /*
+    Multi-page images can have a page height. Fetch it, and sanity check it.
+    If page-height is not set, it defaults to the image height
+  */
+  int GetPageHeight(VImage image);
+
   /*
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
   */
@@ -250,6 +265,16 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   std::string VipsWarningPop();
 
+  /*
+    Attach an event listener for progress updates, used to detect timeout
+  */
+  void SetTimeout(VImage image, int const timeoutSeconds);
+
+  /*
+    Event listener for progress updates, used to detect timeout
+  */
+  void VipsProgressCallBack(VipsImage *image, VipsProgress *progress, int *timeoutSeconds);
+
   /*
     Calculate the (left, top) coordinates of the output image
     within the input image, applying the given gravity during an embed.
@@ -313,6 +338,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image, double const value);
 
+  /*
+    Calculate the shrink factor, taking into account auto-rotate, the canvas
+    mode, and so on. The hshrink/vshrink are the amount to shrink the input
+    image axes by in order for the output axes (ie. after rotation) to match
+    the required thumbnail width/height and canvas mode.
+  */
+  std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement, bool withoutReduction);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_COMMON_H_

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ negate( std::vector<double> vector )
 {
 	std::vector<double> new_vector( vector.size() );
 
-	for( unsigned int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++ )
+	for( std::vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++ )
 		new_vector[i] = vector[i] * -1;
 
 	return( new_vector );
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ invert( std::vector<double> vector )
 {
 	std::vector<double> new_vector( vector.size() );
 
-	for( unsigned int i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++ )
+	for( std::vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++ )
 		new_vector[i] = 1.0 / vector[i];
 
 	return( new_vector );
@@ -210,7 +210,6 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<int> value )
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 
 	int *array;
-	unsigned int i;
 
 	pair->input = true;
 
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<int> value )
 		static_cast< int >( value.size() ) );
 	array = vips_value_get_array_int( &pair->value, NULL );
 
-	for( i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) 
+	for( std::vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) 
 		array[i] = value[i];
 
 	options.push_back( pair );
@@ -234,7 +233,6 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<double> value )
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 
 	double *array;
-	unsigned int i;
 
 	pair->input = true;
 
@@ -243,7 +241,7 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<double> value )
 		static_cast< int >( value.size() ) );
 	array = vips_value_get_array_double( &pair->value, NULL );
 
-	for( i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) 
+	for( std::vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) 
 		array[i] = value[i];
 
 	options.push_back( pair );
@@ -258,7 +256,6 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<VImage> value )
 	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
 
 	VipsImage **array;
-	unsigned int i;
 
 	pair->input = true;
 
@@ -267,7 +264,7 @@ VOption::set( const char *name, std::vector<VImage> value )
 		static_cast< int >( value.size() ) );
 	array = vips_value_get_array_image( &pair->value, NULL );
 
-	for( i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) {
+	for( std::vector<double>::size_type i = 0; i < value.size(); i++ ) {
 		VipsImage *vips_image = value[i].get_image();
 
 		array[i] = vips_image;
@@ -488,10 +485,9 @@ VOption::get_operation( VipsOperation *operation )
 				double *array =
 					vips_value_get_array_double( value,
 					&length );
-				int j;
 
 				((*i)->vvector)->resize( length );
-				for( j = 0; j < length; j++ )
+				for( int j = 0; j < length; j++ )
 					(*((*i)->vvector))[j] = array[j];
 			}
 			else if( type == VIPS_TYPE_BLOB ) {
@@ -718,17 +714,38 @@ VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size,
 	const char *operation_name;
 	VipsBlob *blob;
 
+	/* Save with the new target API if we can. Fall back to the older
+	 * mechanism in case the saver we need has not been converted yet.
+	 *
+	 * We need to hide any errors from this first phase.
+	 */
 	vips__filename_split8( suffix, filename, option_string );
-	if( !(operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_buffer( filename )) ) {
+
+	vips_error_freeze();
+	operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_target( filename );
+	vips_error_thaw();
+
+	if( operation_name ) {
+		VTarget target = VTarget::new_to_memory();
+
+		call_option_string( operation_name, option_string,
+			(options ? options : VImage::option())->
+				set( "in", *this )->
+				set( "target", target ) );
+
+		g_object_get( target.get_target(), "blob", &blob, NULL );
+	}
+	else if( (operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_buffer( filename )) ) {
+		call_option_string( operation_name, option_string,
+			(options ? options : VImage::option())->
+				set( "in", *this )->
+				set( "buffer", &blob ) );
+	}
+	else {
 		delete options;
 		throw VError();
 	}
 
-	call_option_string( operation_name, option_string,
-		(options ? options : VImage::option())->
-			set( "in", *this )->
-			set( "buffer", &blob ) );
-
 	if( blob ) {
 		if( buf ) {
 			*buf = VIPS_AREA( blob )->data;
@@ -767,6 +784,7 @@ std::vector<VImage>
 VImage::bandsplit( VOption *options ) const
 {
 	std::vector<VImage> b;
+	b.reserve(bands());
 
 	for( int i = 0; i < bands(); i++ )
 		b.push_back( extract_band( i ) );

src/libvips/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // bodies for vips operations
-// Wed May 12 11:30:00 AM CEST 2021
+// Mon Nov  1 03:31:09 PM CET 2021
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!
 
 VImage VImage::CMC2LCh( VOption *options ) const
@@ -1262,6 +1262,34 @@ VImage VImage::gifload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+void VImage::gifsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "gifsave",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "filename", filename ) );
+}
+
+VipsBlob *VImage::gifsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
+{
+    VipsBlob *buffer;
+
+    call( "gifsave_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "buffer", &buffer ) );
+
+    return( buffer );
+}
+
+void VImage::gifsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "gifsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::globalbalance( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;

src/metadata.cc

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof("heif-compression") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
         baton->compression = image.get_string("heif-compression");
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT) == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        baton->resolutionUnit = image.get_string(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT);
+      }
       if (image.get_typeof("openslide.level-count") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
         int const levels = std::stoi(image.get_string("openslide.level-count"));
         for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++) {
@@ -198,6 +201,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (!baton->compression.empty()) {
         info.Set("compression", baton->compression);
       }
+      if (!baton->resolutionUnit.empty()) {
+        info.Set("resolutionUnit", baton->resolutionUnit == "in" ? "inch" : baton->resolutionUnit);
+      }
       if (!baton->levels.empty()) {
         int i = 0;
         Napi::Array levels = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->levels.size()));

src/metadata.h

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   std::vector<int> delay;
   int pagePrimary;
   std::string compression;
+  std::string resolutionUnit;
   std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> levels;
   int subifds;
   std::vector<double> background;

src/operations.cc

@@ -308,4 +308,98 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Split and crop each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage CropMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                       int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
+    if (top == 0 && height == *pageHeight) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the height of the multi-page image
+      return image.extract_area(left, 0, width, image.height());
+    } else {
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Split the image into cropped frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(left, *pageHeight * i + top, width, height));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
+    if (top == 0 && height == *pageHeight) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the height of the multi-page image
+      return image.embed(left, 0, width, image.height(), VImage::option()
+        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("background", background));
+    } else if (left == 0 && width == image.width()) {
+      // Fast path; no need to adjust the width of the multi-page image
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Rearrange the tall image into a vertical grid
+      image = image.grid(*pageHeight, nPages, 1);
+
+      // Do the embed on the wide image
+      image = image.embed(0, top, image.width(), height, VImage::option()
+        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("background", background));
+
+      // Split the wide image into frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(width * i, 0, width, height));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    } else {
+      std::vector<VImage> pages;
+      pages.reserve(nPages);
+
+      // Split the image into frames
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages.push_back(
+          image.extract_area(0, *pageHeight * i, image.width(), *pageHeight));
+      }
+
+      // Embed each frame in the target size
+      for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
+        pages[i] = pages[i].embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
+          ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+          ->set("background", background));
+      }
+
+      // Reassemble the frames into a tall, thin image
+      VImage assembled = VImage::arrayjoin(pages,
+        VImage::option()->set("across", 1));
+
+      // Update the page height
+      *pageHeight = height;
+
+      return assembled;
+    }
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/operations.h

@@ -108,6 +108,18 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage EnsureColourspace(VImage image, VipsInterpretation colourspace);
 
+  /*
+   * Split and crop each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage CropMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                       int nPages, int *pageHeight);
+
+  /*
+   * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
+   */
+  VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
+                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight);
+
 }  // namespace sharp
 
 #endif  // SRC_OPERATIONS_H_

src/pipeline.cc

@@ -69,15 +69,24 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       std::tie(image, inputImageType) = sharp::OpenInput(baton->input);
       image = sharp::EnsureColourspace(image, baton->colourspaceInput);
 
+      int nPages = baton->input->pages;
+      if (nPages == -1) {
+        // Resolve the number of pages if we need to render until the end of the document
+        nPages = image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_N_PAGES) != 0
+          ? image.get_int(VIPS_META_N_PAGES) - baton->input->page
+          : 1;
+      }
+
+      // Get pre-resize page height
+      int pageHeight = sharp::GetPageHeight(image);
+
       // Calculate angle of rotation
       VipsAngle rotation;
+      bool flip = FALSE;
+      bool flop = FALSE;
       if (baton->useExifOrientation) {
         // Rotate and flip image according to Exif orientation
-        bool flip;
-        bool flop;
         std::tie(rotation, flip, flop) = CalculateExifRotationAndFlip(sharp::ExifOrientation(image));
-        baton->flip = baton->flip || flip;
-        baton->flop = baton->flop || flop;
       } else {
         rotation = CalculateAngleRotation(baton->angle);
       }
@@ -86,9 +95,18 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (baton->rotateBeforePreExtract) {
         if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
           image = image.rot(rotation);
+          if (flip) {
+            image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
+            flip = FALSE;
+          }
+          if (flop) {
+            image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
+            flop = FALSE;
+          }
           image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
         }
         if (baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+          MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
           std::vector<double> background;
           std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground, FALSE);
           image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
@@ -97,6 +115,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Trim
       if (baton->trimThreshold > 0.0) {
+        MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Trim");
         image = sharp::Trim(image, baton->trimThreshold);
         baton->trimOffsetLeft = image.xoffset();
         baton->trimOffsetTop = image.yoffset();
@@ -104,190 +123,168 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Pre extraction
       if (baton->topOffsetPre != -1) {
-        image = image.extract_area(baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre);
+        image = nPages > 1
+          ? sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+              baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre, nPages, &pageHeight)
+          : image.extract_area(baton->leftOffsetPre, baton->topOffsetPre, baton->widthPre, baton->heightPre);
       }
 
       // Get pre-resize image width and height
       int inputWidth = image.width();
       int inputHeight = image.height();
-      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-        (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-        // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-        std::swap(inputWidth, inputHeight);
-      }
 
-      // If withoutEnlargement is specified,
-      // Override target width and height if exceeds respective value from input file
-      if (baton->withoutEnlargement) {
-        if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
-          baton->width = inputWidth;
-        }
-        if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
-          baton->height = inputHeight;
-        }
+      // Is there just one page? Shrink to inputHeight instead
+      if (nPages == 1) {
+        pageHeight = inputHeight;
       }
 
       // Scaling calculations
-      double xfactor = 1.0;
-      double yfactor = 1.0;
+      double hshrink;
+      double vshrink;
       int targetResizeWidth = baton->width;
       int targetResizeHeight = baton->height;
-      if (baton->width > 0 && baton->height > 0) {
-        // Fixed width and height
-        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
-        switch (baton->canvas) {
-          case Canvas::CROP:
-            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::EMBED:
-            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::MAX:
-            if (xfactor > yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::MIN:
-            if (xfactor < yfactor) {
-              targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor));
-              yfactor = xfactor;
-            } else {
-              targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor));
-              xfactor = yfactor;
-            }
-            break;
-          case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
-            if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-              (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-              std::swap(xfactor, yfactor);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-      } else if (baton->width > 0) {
-        // Fixed width
-        xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
-          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = inputHeight;
-        } else {
-          // Auto height
-          yfactor = xfactor;
-          targetResizeHeight = baton->height = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / yfactor));
-        }
-      } else if (baton->height > 0) {
-        // Fixed height
-        yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
-          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = inputWidth;
-        } else {
-          // Auto width
-          xfactor = yfactor;
-          targetResizeWidth = baton->width = static_cast<int>(round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / xfactor));
-        }
-      } else {
-        // Identity transform
-        baton->width = inputWidth;
-        baton->height = inputHeight;
-      }
 
-      // Calculate integral box shrink
-      int xshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(xfactor)));
-      int yshrink = std::max(1, static_cast<int>(floor(yfactor)));
+      // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+      bool swap = !baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270);
 
-      // Calculate residual float affine transformation
-      double xresidual = static_cast<double>(xshrink) / xfactor;
-      double yresidual = static_cast<double>(yshrink) / yfactor;
+      // Shrink to pageHeight, so we work for multi-page images
+      std::tie(hshrink, vshrink) = sharp::ResolveShrink(
+        inputWidth, pageHeight, targetResizeWidth, targetResizeHeight,
+        baton->canvas, swap, baton->withoutEnlargement, baton->withoutReduction);
 
-      // If integral x and y shrink are equal, try to use shrink-on-load for JPEG and WebP,
-      // but not when applying gamma correction, pre-resize extract, trim or input colourspace
-      int shrink_on_load = 1;
+      // The jpeg preload shrink.
+      int jpegShrinkOnLoad = 1;
 
-      int shrink_on_load_factor = 1;
-      // Leave at least a factor of two for the final resize step, when fastShrinkOnLoad: false
-      // for more consistent results and avoid occasional small image shifting
-      if (!baton->fastShrinkOnLoad) {
-        shrink_on_load_factor = 2;
-      }
-      if (
-        xshrink == yshrink && xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor &&
-        (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG || inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) &&
+      // WebP, PDF, SVG scale
+      double scale = 1.0;
+
+      // Try to reload input using shrink-on-load for JPEG, WebP, SVG and PDF, when:
+      //  - the width or height parameters are specified;
+      //  - gamma correction doesn't need to be applied;
+      //  - trimming or pre-resize extract isn't required;
+      //  - input colourspace is not specified;
+      bool const shouldPreShrink = (targetResizeWidth > 0 || targetResizeHeight > 0) &&
         baton->gamma == 0 && baton->topOffsetPre == -1 && baton->trimThreshold == 0.0 &&
-        baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST &&
-        image.width() > 3 && image.height() > 3 && baton->input->pages == 1
-      ) {
-        if (xshrink >= 8 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 8;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 8;
-          shrink_on_load = 8;
-        } else if (xshrink >= 4 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 4;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 4;
-          shrink_on_load = 4;
-        } else if (xshrink >= 2 * shrink_on_load_factor) {
-          xfactor = xfactor / 2;
-          yfactor = yfactor / 2;
-          shrink_on_load = 2;
+        baton->colourspaceInput == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST;
+
+      if (shouldPreShrink) {
+        // The common part of the shrink: the bit by which both axes must be shrunk
+        double shrink = std::min(hshrink, vshrink);
+
+        if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
+          // Leave at least a factor of two for the final resize step, when fastShrinkOnLoad: false
+          // for more consistent results and to avoid extra sharpness to the image
+          int factor = baton->fastShrinkOnLoad ? 1 : 2;
+          if (shrink >= 8 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 8;
+          } else if (shrink >= 4 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 4;
+          } else if (shrink >= 2 * factor) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad = 2;
+          }
+          // Lower shrink-on-load for known libjpeg rounding errors
+          if (jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1 && static_cast<int>(shrink) == jpegShrinkOnLoad) {
+            jpegShrinkOnLoad /= 2;
+          }
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP ||
+                   inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG ||
+                   inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
+          scale = 1.0 / shrink;
         }
       }
-      // Help ensure a final kernel-based reduction to prevent shrink aliasing
-      if (shrink_on_load > 1 && (xresidual == 1.0 || yresidual == 1.0)) {
-        shrink_on_load = shrink_on_load / 2;
-        xfactor = xfactor * 2;
-        yfactor = yfactor * 2;
-      }
-      if (shrink_on_load > 1) {
-        // Reload input using shrink-on-load
+
+      // Reload input using shrink-on-load, it'll be an integer shrink
+      // factor for jpegload*, a double scale factor for webpload*,
+      // pdfload* and svgload*
+      if (jpegShrinkOnLoad > 1) {
         vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
           ->set("access", baton->input->access)
-          ->set("shrink", shrink_on_load)
+          ->set("shrink", jpegShrinkOnLoad)
           ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
         if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+          // Reload JPEG buffer
           VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
-          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
-            // Reload JPEG buffer
-            image = VImage::jpegload_buffer(blob, option);
-          } else {
-            // Reload WebP buffer
-            image = VImage::webpload_buffer(blob, option);
-          }
+          image = VImage::jpegload_buffer(blob, option);
           vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
         } else {
-          if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG) {
-            // Reload JPEG file
-            image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          // Reload JPEG file
+          image = VImage::jpegload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+        }
+      } else if (scale != 1.0) {
+        vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
+          ->set("access", baton->input->access)
+          ->set("scale", scale)
+          ->set("fail", baton->input->failOnError);
+        if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::WEBP) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload WebP buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::webpload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
           } else {
             // Reload WebP file
             image = VImage::webpload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
           }
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG) {
+          option->set("unlimited", baton->input->unlimited);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload SVG buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::svgload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
+          } else {
+            // Reload SVG file
+            image = VImage::svgload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          }
+
+          sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
+        } else if (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PDF) {
+          option->set("n", baton->input->pages);
+          option->set("page", baton->input->page);
+          option->set("dpi", baton->input->density);
+
+          if (baton->input->buffer != nullptr) {
+            // Reload PDF buffer
+            VipsBlob *blob = vips_blob_new(nullptr, baton->input->buffer, baton->input->bufferLength);
+            image = VImage::pdfload_buffer(blob, option);
+            vips_area_unref(reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(blob));
+          } else {
+            // Reload PDF file
+            image = VImage::pdfload(const_cast<char*>(baton->input->file.data()), option);
+          }
+
+          sharp::SetDensity(image, baton->input->density);
         }
-        // Recalculate integral shrink and double residual
-        int const shrunkOnLoadWidth = image.width();
-        int const shrunkOnLoadHeight = image.height();
-        if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&
-          (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_D270)) {
-          // Swap when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
-          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
-          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
-        } else {
-          xfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadWidth) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeWidth);
-          yfactor = static_cast<double>(shrunkOnLoadHeight) / static_cast<double>(targetResizeHeight);
-        }
+      }
+
+      // Any pre-shrinking may already have been done
+      inputWidth = image.width();
+      inputHeight = image.height();
+
+      // After pre-shrink, but before the main shrink stage
+      // Reuse the initial pageHeight if we didn't pre-shrink
+      if (shouldPreShrink) {
+        pageHeight = sharp::GetPageHeight(image);
+      }
+
+      // Shrink to pageHeight, so we work for multi-page images
+      std::tie(hshrink, vshrink) = sharp::ResolveShrink(
+        inputWidth, pageHeight, targetResizeWidth, targetResizeHeight,
+        baton->canvas, swap, baton->withoutEnlargement, baton->withoutReduction);
+
+      int targetHeight = static_cast<int>(std::rint(static_cast<double>(pageHeight) / vshrink));
+      int targetPageHeight = targetHeight;
+
+      // In toilet-roll mode, we must adjust vshrink so that we exactly hit
+      // pageHeight or we'll have pixels straddling pixel boundaries
+      if (inputHeight > pageHeight) {
+        targetHeight *= nPages;
+        vshrink = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / targetHeight;
       }
 
       // Ensure we're using a device-independent colour space
@@ -341,7 +338,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
       }
 
-      bool const shouldResize = xfactor != 1.0 || yfactor != 1.0;
+      bool const shouldResize = hshrink != 1.0 || vshrink != 1.0;
       bool const shouldBlur = baton->blurSigma != 0.0;
       bool const shouldConv = baton->convKernelWidth * baton->convKernelHeight > 0;
       bool const shouldSharpen = baton->sharpenSigma != 0.0;
@@ -375,35 +372,33 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         ) {
           throw vips::VError("Unknown kernel");
         }
-        // Ensure shortest edge is at least 1 pixel
-        if (image.width() / xfactor < 0.5) {
-          xfactor = 2 * image.width();
-          baton->width = 1;
-        }
-        if (image.height() / yfactor < 0.5) {
-          yfactor = 2 * image.height();
-          baton->height = 1;
-        }
-        image = image.resize(1.0 / xfactor, VImage::option()
-          ->set("vscale", 1.0 / yfactor)
+        image = image.resize(1.0 / hshrink, VImage::option()
+          ->set("vscale", 1.0 / vshrink)
           ->set("kernel", kernel));
       }
 
       // Rotate post-extract 90-angle
-      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract &&  rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
-          image = image.rot(rotation);
-          image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
+      if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_D0) {
+        image = image.rot(rotation);
+        if (flip) {
+          image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
+          flip = FALSE;
+        }
+        if (flop) {
+          image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
+          flop = FALSE;
+        }
+        image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
-
       // Flip (mirror about Y axis)
-      if (baton->flip) {
+      if (baton->flip || flip) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_VERTICAL);
         image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
 
       // Flop (mirror about X axis)
-      if (baton->flop) {
+      if (baton->flop || flop) {
         image = image.flip(VIPS_DIRECTION_HORIZONTAL);
         image = sharp::RemoveExifOrientation(image);
       }
@@ -421,52 +416,68 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", baton->colourspace));
       }
 
+      inputWidth = image.width();
+      inputHeight = nPages > 1 ? targetPageHeight : image.height();
+
+      // Resolve dimensions
+      if (baton->width <= 0) {
+        baton->width = inputWidth;
+      }
+      if (baton->height <= 0) {
+        baton->height = inputHeight;
+      }
+
       // Crop/embed
-      if (image.width() != baton->width || image.height() != baton->height) {
-        if (baton->canvas == Canvas::EMBED) {
+      if (inputWidth != baton->width || inputHeight != baton->height) {
+        if (baton->canvas == sharp::Canvas::EMBED) {
           std::vector<double> background;
           std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->resizeBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
 
           // Embed
 
-          // Calculate where to position the embeded image if gravity specified, else center.
+          // Calculate where to position the embedded image if gravity specified, else center.
           int left;
           int top;
 
-          left = static_cast<int>(round((baton->width - image.width()) / 2));
-          top = static_cast<int>(round((baton->height - image.height()) / 2));
+          left = static_cast<int>(round((baton->width - inputWidth) / 2));
+          top = static_cast<int>(round((baton->height - inputHeight) / 2));
 
-          int width = std::max(image.width(), baton->width);
-          int height = std::max(image.height(), baton->height);
+          int width = std::max(inputWidth, baton->width);
+          int height = std::max(inputHeight, baton->height);
           std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateEmbedPosition(
-            image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+            inputWidth, inputHeight, baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
 
-          image = image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
-            ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
-            ->set("background", background));
+          image = nPages > 1
+            ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
+                left, top, width, height, background, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+            : image.embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
+              ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+              ->set("background", background));
+        } else if (baton->canvas == sharp::Canvas::CROP) {
+          if (baton->width > inputWidth) {
+            baton->width = inputWidth;
+          }
+          if (baton->height > inputHeight) {
+            baton->height = inputHeight;
+          }
 
-        } else if (
-          baton->canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT &&
-          (image.width() > baton->width || image.height() > baton->height)
-        ) {
-          // Crop/max/min
+          // Crop
           if (baton->position < 9) {
             // Gravity-based crop
             int left;
             int top;
             std::tie(left, top) = sharp::CalculateCrop(
-              image.width(), image.height(), baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
-            int width = std::min(image.width(), baton->width);
-            int height = std::min(image.height(), baton->height);
-            image = image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
+              inputWidth, inputHeight, baton->width, baton->height, baton->position);
+            int width = std::min(inputWidth, baton->width);
+            int height = std::min(inputHeight, baton->height);
+
+            image = nPages > 1
+              ? sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+                  left, top, width, height, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+              : image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
           } else {
             // Attention-based or Entropy-based crop
-            if (baton->width > image.width()) {
-              baton->width = image.width();
-            }
-            if (baton->height > image.height()) {
-              baton->height = image.height();
-            }
+            MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Resize strategy");
             image = image.tilecache(VImage::option()
               ->set("access", VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM)
               ->set("threaded", TRUE));
@@ -481,6 +492,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Rotate post-extract non-90 angle
       if (!baton->rotateBeforePreExtract && baton->rotationAngle != 0.0) {
+        MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Rotate");
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->rotationBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
         image = image.rotate(baton->rotationAngle, VImage::option()->set("background", background));
@@ -488,20 +500,32 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
       // Post extraction
       if (baton->topOffsetPost != -1) {
-        image = image.extract_area(
-          baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost);
+        if (nPages > 1) {
+          image = sharp::CropMultiPage(image,
+            baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost,
+            nPages, &targetPageHeight);
+
+          // heightPost is used in the info object, so update to reflect the number of pages
+          baton->heightPost *= nPages;
+        } else {
+          image = image.extract_area(
+            baton->leftOffsetPost, baton->topOffsetPost, baton->widthPost, baton->heightPost);
+        }
       }
 
       // Affine transform
       if (baton->affineMatrix.size() > 0) {
+        MultiPageUnsupported(nPages, "Affine");
         std::vector<double> background;
         std::tie(image, background) = sharp::ApplyAlpha(image, baton->affineBackground, shouldPremultiplyAlpha);
+        vips::VInterpolate interp = vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name(
+          const_cast<char*>(baton->affineInterpolator.data()));
         image = image.affine(baton->affineMatrix, VImage::option()->set("background", background)
           ->set("idx", baton->affineIdx)
           ->set("idy", baton->affineIdy)
           ->set("odx", baton->affineOdx)
           ->set("ody", baton->affineOdy)
-          ->set("interpolate", baton->affineInterpolator));
+          ->set("interpolate", interp));
       }
 
       // Extend edges
@@ -511,10 +535,13 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 
         // Embed
         baton->width = image.width() + baton->extendLeft + baton->extendRight;
-        baton->height = image.height() + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
+        baton->height = (nPages > 1 ? targetPageHeight : image.height()) + baton->extendTop + baton->extendBottom;
 
-        image = image.embed(baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
-          VImage::option()->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)->set("background", background));
+        image = nPages > 1
+          ? sharp::EmbedMultiPage(image,
+              baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height, background, nPages, &targetPageHeight)
+          : image.embed(baton->extendLeft, baton->extendTop, baton->width, baton->height,
+              VImage::option()->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)->set("background", background));
       }
       // Median - must happen before blurring, due to the utility of blurring after thresholding
       if (shouldApplyMedian) {
@@ -754,16 +781,11 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       baton->width = image.width();
       baton->height = image.height();
 
-      bool const supportsGifOutput = vips_type_find("VipsOperation", "magicksave") != 0 &&
-       vips_type_find("VipsOperation", "magicksave_buffer") != 0;
-
       image = sharp::SetAnimationProperties(
-        image,
-        baton->pageHeight,
-        baton->delay,
-        baton->loop);
+        image, nPages, targetPageHeight, baton->delay, baton->loop);
 
       // Output
+      sharp::SetTimeout(image, baton->timeoutSeconds);
       if (baton->fileOut.empty()) {
         // Buffer output
         if (baton->formatOut == "jpeg" || (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::JPEG)) {
@@ -808,8 +830,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           vips_area_unref(area);
           baton->formatOut = "jp2";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "png" || (baton->formatOut == "input" &&
-          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && !supportsGifOutput) ||
-           inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
+          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
           // Write PNG to buffer
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::PNG);
           VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.pngsave_buffer(VImage::option()
@@ -819,7 +840,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_ALL : VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_NONE)
             ->set("palette", baton->pngPalette)
             ->set("Q", baton->pngQuality)
-            ->set("bitdepth", baton->pngBitdepth)
+            ->set("effort", baton->pngEffort)
+            ->set("bitdepth", sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 16 : baton->pngBitdepth)
             ->set("dither", baton->pngDither)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@@ -836,7 +858,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
             ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
-            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
+            ->set("effort", baton->webpEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
@@ -844,14 +866,14 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
           vips_area_unref(area);
           baton->formatOut = "webp";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "gif" ||
-          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && supportsGifOutput)) {
+          (baton->formatOut == "input" && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF)) {
           // Write GIF to buffer
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::GIF);
-          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.magicksave_buffer(VImage::option()
+          VipsArea *area = reinterpret_cast<VipsArea*>(image.gifsave_buffer(VImage::option()
             ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
-            ->set("optimize_gif_frames", TRUE)
-            ->set("optimize_gif_transparency", TRUE)
-            ->set("format", "gif")));
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->gifBitdepth)
+            ->set("effort", baton->gifEffort)
+            ->set("dither", baton->gifDither)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
           area->free_fn = nullptr;
@@ -879,7 +901,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("tile_height", baton->tiffTileHeight)
             ->set("tile_width", baton->tiffTileWidth)
             ->set("xres", baton->tiffXres)
-            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres)));
+            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres)
+            ->set("resunit", baton->tiffResolutionUnit)));
           baton->bufferOut = static_cast<char*>(area->data);
           baton->bufferOutLength = area->length;
           area->free_fn = nullptr;
@@ -893,7 +916,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
             ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
             ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
-            ->set("speed", baton->heifSpeed)
+            ->set("effort", baton->heifEffort)
             ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
               ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
             ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless)));
@@ -978,8 +1001,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("tile_width", baton->jp2TileWidth));
             baton->formatOut = "jp2";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "png" || (mightMatchInput && isPng) || (willMatchInput &&
-          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && !supportsGifOutput) ||
-           inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
+          (inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::PNG || inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::SVG))) {
           // Write PNG to file
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::PNG);
           image.pngsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
@@ -989,7 +1011,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("filter", baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering ? VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_ALL : VIPS_FOREIGN_PNG_FILTER_NONE)
             ->set("palette", baton->pngPalette)
             ->set("Q", baton->pngQuality)
-            ->set("bitdepth", baton->pngBitdepth)
+            ->set("bitdepth", sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 16 : baton->pngBitdepth)
+            ->set("effort", baton->pngEffort)
             ->set("dither", baton->pngDither));
           baton->formatOut = "png";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "webp" || (mightMatchInput && isWebp) ||
@@ -1002,18 +1025,18 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("lossless", baton->webpLossless)
             ->set("near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless)
             ->set("smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample)
-            ->set("reduction_effort", baton->webpReductionEffort)
+            ->set("effort", baton->webpEffort)
             ->set("alpha_q", baton->webpAlphaQuality));
           baton->formatOut = "webp";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "gif" || (mightMatchInput && isGif) ||
-          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF && supportsGifOutput)) {
+          (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::GIF)) {
           // Write GIF to file
           sharp::AssertImageTypeDimensions(image, sharp::ImageType::GIF);
-          image.magicksave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
+          image.gifsave(const_cast<char*>(baton->fileOut.data()), VImage::option()
             ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
-            ->set("optimize_gif_frames", TRUE)
-            ->set("optimize_gif_transparency", TRUE)
-            ->set("format", "gif"));
+            ->set("bitdepth", baton->gifBitdepth)
+            ->set("effort", baton->gifEffort)
+            ->set("dither", baton->gifDither));
           baton->formatOut = "gif";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "tiff" || (mightMatchInput && isTiff) ||
           (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::TIFF)) {
@@ -1037,7 +1060,8 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("tile_height", baton->tiffTileHeight)
             ->set("tile_width", baton->tiffTileWidth)
             ->set("xres", baton->tiffXres)
-            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres));
+            ->set("yres", baton->tiffYres)
+            ->set("resunit", baton->tiffResolutionUnit));
           baton->formatOut = "tiff";
         } else if (baton->formatOut == "heif" || (mightMatchInput && isHeif) ||
           (willMatchInput && inputImageType == sharp::ImageType::HEIF)) {
@@ -1047,7 +1071,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
             ->set("strip", !baton->withMetadata)
             ->set("Q", baton->heifQuality)
             ->set("compression", baton->heifCompression)
-            ->set("speed", baton->heifSpeed)
+            ->set("effort", baton->heifEffort)
             ->set("subsample_mode", baton->heifChromaSubsampling == "4:4:4"
               ? VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_OFF : VIPS_FOREIGN_SUBSAMPLE_ON)
             ->set("lossless", baton->heifLossless));
@@ -1072,7 +1096,7 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
               {"lossless", baton->webpLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
               {"near_lossless", baton->webpNearLossless ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
               {"smart_subsample", baton->webpSmartSubsample ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"},
-              {"reduction_effort", std::to_string(baton->webpReductionEffort)}
+              {"effort", std::to_string(baton->webpEffort)}
             };
             suffix = AssembleSuffixString(".webp", options);
           } else {
@@ -1221,6 +1245,12 @@ class PipelineWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
   Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
   Napi::FunctionReference queueListener;
 
+  void MultiPageUnsupported(int const pages, std::string op) {
+    if (pages > 1) {
+      throw vips::VError(op + " is not supported for multi-page images");
+    }
+  }
+
   /*
     Calculate the angle of rotation and need-to-flip for the given Exif orientation
     By default, returns zero, i.e. no rotation.
@@ -1311,15 +1341,15 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Canvas option
   std::string canvas = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "canvas");
   if (canvas == "crop") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::CROP;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::CROP;
   } else if (canvas == "embed") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::EMBED;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::EMBED;
   } else if (canvas == "max") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::MAX;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::MAX;
   } else if (canvas == "min") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::MIN;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::MIN;
   } else if (canvas == "ignore_aspect") {
-    baton->canvas = Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
+    baton->canvas = sharp::Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT;
   }
   // Tint chroma
   baton->tintA = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tintA");
@@ -1342,6 +1372,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   }
   // Resize options
   baton->withoutEnlargement = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withoutEnlargement");
+  baton->withoutReduction = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "withoutReduction");
   baton->position = sharp::AttrAsInt32(options, "position");
   baton->resizeBackground = sharp::AttrAsVectorOfDouble(options, "resizeBackground");
   baton->kernel = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "kernel");
@@ -1399,8 +1430,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->affineIdy = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineIdy");
   baton->affineOdx = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineOdx");
   baton->affineOdy = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "affineOdy");
-  baton->affineInterpolator = vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name(sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "affineInterpolator").data());
-
+  baton->affineInterpolator = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "affineInterpolator");
   baton->removeAlpha = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "removeAlpha");
   baton->ensureAlpha = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "ensureAlpha");
   if (options.Has("boolean")) {
@@ -1451,6 +1481,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     std::string k = sharp::AttrAsStr(mdStrKeys, i);
     baton->withMetadataStrs.insert(std::make_pair(k, sharp::AttrAsStr(mdStrs, k)));
   }
+  baton->timeoutSeconds = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "timeoutSeconds");
   // Format-specific
   baton->jpegQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jpegQuality");
   baton->jpegProgressive = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "jpegProgressive");
@@ -1465,6 +1496,7 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->pngAdaptiveFiltering = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "pngAdaptiveFiltering");
   baton->pngPalette = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "pngPalette");
   baton->pngQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngQuality");
+  baton->pngEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngEffort");
   baton->pngBitdepth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pngBitdepth");
   baton->pngDither = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "pngDither");
   baton->jp2Quality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "jp2Quality");
@@ -1477,7 +1509,10 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->webpLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpLossless");
   baton->webpNearLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpNearLossless");
   baton->webpSmartSubsample = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "webpSmartSubsample");
-  baton->webpReductionEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpReductionEffort");
+  baton->webpEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "webpEffort");
+  baton->gifBitdepth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "gifBitdepth");
+  baton->gifEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "gifEffort");
+  baton->gifDither = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "gifDither");
   baton->tiffQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffQuality");
   baton->tiffPyramid = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "tiffPyramid");
   baton->tiffBitdepth = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffBitdepth");
@@ -1486,6 +1521,9 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->tiffTileHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tiffTileHeight");
   baton->tiffXres = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tiffXres");
   baton->tiffYres = sharp::AttrAsDouble(options, "tiffYres");
+  if (baton->tiffXres == 1.0 && baton->tiffYres == 1.0 && baton->withMetadataDensity > 0) {
+    baton->tiffXres = baton->tiffYres = baton->withMetadataDensity / 25.4;
+  }
   // tiff compression options
   baton->tiffCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffCompression>(
   vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION,
@@ -1493,30 +1531,28 @@ Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   baton->tiffPredictor = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffPredictor>(
   vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR,
     sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tiffPredictor").data()));
+  baton->tiffResolutionUnit = static_cast<VipsForeignTiffResunit>(
+  vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_TIFF_RESUNIT,
+    sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "tiffResolutionUnit").data()));
+
   baton->heifQuality = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifQuality");
   baton->heifLossless = sharp::AttrAsBool(options, "heifLossless");
   baton->heifCompression = static_cast<VipsForeignHeifCompression>(
     vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION,
     sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "heifCompression").data()));
-  baton->heifSpeed = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifSpeed");
+  baton->heifEffort = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "heifEffort");
   baton->heifChromaSubsampling = sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "heifChromaSubsampling");
-
   // Raw output
   baton->rawDepth = static_cast<VipsBandFormat>(
     vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT,
     sharp::AttrAsStr(options, "rawDepth").data()));
-
-  // Animated output
-  if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "pageHeight")) {
-    baton->pageHeight = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "pageHeight");
-  }
+  // Animated output properties
   if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "loop")) {
     baton->loop = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "loop");
   }
   if (sharp::HasAttr(options, "delay")) {
     baton->delay = sharp::AttrAsInt32Vector(options, "delay");
   }
-
   // Tile output
   baton->tileSize = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileSize");
   baton->tileOverlap = sharp::AttrAsUint32(options, "tileOverlap");

src/pipeline.h

@@ -27,14 +27,6 @@
 
 Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
-enum class Canvas {
-  CROP,
-  EMBED,
-  MAX,
-  MIN,
-  IGNORE_ASPECT
-};
-
 struct Composite {
   sharp::InputDescriptor *input;
   VipsBlendMode mode;
@@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int width;
   int height;
   int channels;
-  Canvas canvas;
+  sharp::Canvas canvas;
   int position;
   std::vector<double> resizeBackground;
   bool hasCropOffset;
@@ -127,13 +119,14 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendRight;
   std::vector<double> extendBackground;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
+  bool withoutReduction;
   std::vector<double> affineMatrix;
   std::vector<double> affineBackground;
   double affineIdx;
   double affineIdy;
   double affineOdx;
   double affineOdy;
-  vips::VInterpolate affineInterpolator;
+  std::string affineInterpolator;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
@@ -147,6 +140,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool pngAdaptiveFiltering;
   bool pngPalette;
   int pngQuality;
+  int pngEffort;
   int pngBitdepth;
   double pngDither;
   int jp2Quality;
@@ -159,7 +153,10 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool webpNearLossless;
   bool webpLossless;
   bool webpSmartSubsample;
-  int webpReductionEffort;
+  int webpEffort;
+  int gifBitdepth;
+  int gifEffort;
+  double gifDither;
   int tiffQuality;
   VipsForeignTiffCompression tiffCompression;
   VipsForeignTiffPredictor tiffPredictor;
@@ -170,9 +167,10 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int tiffTileWidth;
   double tiffXres;
   double tiffYres;
+  VipsForeignTiffResunit tiffResolutionUnit;
   int heifQuality;
   VipsForeignHeifCompression heifCompression;
-  int heifSpeed;
+  int heifEffort;
   std::string heifChromaSubsampling;
   bool heifLossless;
   VipsBandFormat rawDepth;
@@ -182,6 +180,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double withMetadataDensity;
   std::string withMetadataIcc;
   std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> withMetadataStrs;
+  int timeoutSeconds;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> convKernel;
   int convKernelWidth;
   int convKernelHeight;
@@ -195,7 +194,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double ensureAlpha;
   VipsInterpretation colourspaceInput;
   VipsInterpretation colourspace;
-  int pageHeight;
   std::vector<int> delay;
   int loop;
   int tileSize;
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
-    canvas(Canvas::CROP),
+    canvas(sharp::Canvas::CROP),
     position(0),
     resizeBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     hasCropOffset(false),
@@ -263,13 +261,14 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     extendRight(0),
     extendBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     withoutEnlargement(false),
+    withoutReduction(false),
     affineMatrix{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 },
     affineBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     affineIdx(0),
     affineIdy(0),
     affineOdx(0),
     affineOdy(0),
-    affineInterpolator(vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name("bicubic")),
+    affineInterpolator("bicubic"),
     jpegQuality(80),
     jpegProgressive(false),
     jpegChromaSubsampling("4:2:0"),
@@ -283,6 +282,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     pngAdaptiveFiltering(false),
     pngPalette(false),
     pngQuality(100),
+    pngEffort(7),
     pngBitdepth(8),
     pngDither(1.0),
     jp2Quality(80),
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     webpNearLossless(false),
     webpLossless(false),
     webpSmartSubsample(false),
-    webpReductionEffort(4),
+    webpEffort(4),
     tiffQuality(80),
     tiffCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG),
     tiffPredictor(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL),
@@ -306,15 +306,17 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tiffTileWidth(256),
     tiffXres(1.0),
     tiffYres(1.0),
+    tiffResolutionUnit(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_RESUNIT_INCH),
     heifQuality(50),
     heifCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_AV1),
-    heifSpeed(5),
+    heifEffort(4),
     heifChromaSubsampling("4:4:4"),
     heifLossless(false),
     rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),
     withMetadataDensity(0.0),
+    timeoutSeconds(0),
     convKernelWidth(0),
     convKernelHeight(0),
     convKernelScale(0.0),
@@ -327,8 +329,6 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     ensureAlpha(-1.0),
     colourspaceInput(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
-    pageHeight(0),
-    delay{-1},
     loop(-1),
     tileSize(256),
     tileOverlap(0),

src/sharp.cc

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include <napi.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -21,6 +22,14 @@
 #include "utilities.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400  // MSVC 2005/8
+static void empty_invalid_parameter_handler(const wchar_t* expression,
+  const wchar_t* function, const wchar_t* file, unsigned int line,
+  uintptr_t reserved) {
+  // No-op.
+}
+#endif
+
 static void* sharp_vips_init(void*) {
   g_setenv("VIPS_MIN_STACK_SIZE", "2m", FALSE);
   vips_init("sharp");
@@ -34,6 +43,13 @@ Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
   g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
     static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
 
+  // Tell the CRT to not exit the application when an invalid parameter is
+  // passed. The main issue is that invalid FDs will trigger this behaviour.
+  // See: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/pull/2571.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400  // MSVC 2005/8
+  _set_invalid_parameter_handler(empty_invalid_parameter_handler);
+#endif
+
   // Methods available to JavaScript
   exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
   exports.Set("pipeline", Napi::Function::New(env, pipeline));

test/bench/package.json

@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@squoosh/cli": "0.7.2",
     "@squoosh/lib": "0.4.0",
-    "async": "3.2.1",
+    "async": "3.2.3",
     "benchmark": "2.1.4",
     "gm": "1.23.1",
     "imagemagick": "0.1.3",
     "jimp": "0.16.1",
-    "mapnik": "4.5.8",
+    "mapnik": "4.5.9",
     "semver": "7.3.5"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",

test/fixtures/index.js

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ module.exports = {
   inputPngImageInAlpha: getPath('image-in-alpha.png'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1597
   inputPngSolidAlpha: getPath('with-alpha.png'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1599
   inputPngP3: getPath('p3.png'), // https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2862
+  inputPngPalette: getPath('swiss.png'), // https://github.com/randy408/libspng/issues/188
 
   inputWebP: getPath('4.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery/4.webp
   inputWebPWithTransparency: getPath('5_webp_a.webp'), // http://www.gstatic.com/webp/gallery3/5_webp_a.webp

test/leak/leak.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ fi
 curl -s -o ./test/leak/libvips.supp https://raw.githubusercontent.com/libvips/libvips/master/suppressions/valgrind.supp
 
 for test in ./test/unit/*.js; do
-  G_SLICE=always-malloc G_DEBUG=gc-friendly valgrind \
+  G_SLICE=always-malloc G_DEBUG=gc-friendly VIPS_LEAK=1 valgrind \
     --suppressions=test/leak/libvips.supp \
     --suppressions=test/leak/sharp.supp \
     --gen-suppressions=yes \

test/leak/sharp.supp

@@ -225,14 +225,10 @@
   fun:FcInitLoadConfigAndFonts
 }
 {
-  leak_fontconfig_doContent
+  leak_fontconfig_XML_ParseBuffer
   Memcheck:Leak
   match-leak-kinds: definite
-  fun:malloc
   ...
-  fun:doContent
-  fun:doProlog
-  fun:prologInitProcessor
   fun:XML_ParseBuffer
   obj:*/libfontconfig.so.*
 }
@@ -646,6 +642,13 @@
   ...
   fun:_ZN4node9inspector5Agent5StartEPNS_12NodePlatformEPKcRKNS_12DebugOptionsE
 }
+{
+  leak_nodejs_node9inspector5Agent5StartERKSsRKNS
+  Memcheck:Leak
+  match-leak-kinds: possible
+  ...
+  fun:_ZN4node9inspector5Agent5StartERKSsRKNS_12DebugOptionsESt10shared_ptrINS_15ExclusiveAccessINS_8HostPortENS_9MutexBaseINS_16LibuvMutexTraitsEEEEEEb
+}
 {
   leak_nodejs_node12NodePlatform_TracingController
   Memcheck:Leak

test/unit/affine.js

@@ -155,6 +155,15 @@ describe('Affine transform', () => {
         fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('affine-background-all-offsets-expected.jpg'), data, done);
       });
   });
+
+  it('Animated image rejects', () =>
+    assert.rejects(() => sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
+      .affine([1, 1, 1, 1])
+      .toBuffer(),
+    /Affine is not supported for multi-page images/
+    )
+  );
+
   describe('Interpolations', () => {
     const input = fixtures.inputJpg320x240;
     const inputWidth = 320;

test/unit/avif.js

@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       .resize(32)
       .jpeg()
       .toBuffer();
-    const metadata = await sharp(data)
+    const { size, ...metadata } = await sharp(data)
       .metadata();
-    const { compression, size, ...metadataWithoutSize } = metadata;
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadataWithoutSize, {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadata, {
       channels: 3,
       chromaSubsampling: '4:2:0',
       density: 72,
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       format: 'jpeg',
       hasAlpha: false,
       hasProfile: false,
-      height: 13,
+      height: 14,
       isProgressive: false,
       space: 'srgb',
       width: 32
@@ -38,20 +37,19 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
   it('can convert JPEG to AVIF', async () => {
     const data = await sharp(inputJpg)
       .resize(32)
-      .avif()
+      .avif({ effort: 0 })
       .toBuffer();
-    const metadata = await sharp(data)
+    const { size, ...metadata } = await sharp(data)
       .metadata();
-    const { compression, size, ...metadataWithoutSize } = metadata;
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadataWithoutSize, {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadata, {
       channels: 3,
+      compression: 'av1',
       depth: 'uchar',
       format: 'heif',
       hasAlpha: false,
       hasProfile: false,
       height: 26,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 26,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',
@@ -63,18 +61,17 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
     const data = await sharp(inputAvif)
       .resize(32)
       .toBuffer();
-    const metadata = await sharp(data)
+    const { size, ...metadata } = await sharp(data)
       .metadata();
-    const { compression, size, ...metadataWithoutSize } = metadata;
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadataWithoutSize, {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadata, {
       channels: 3,
+      compression: 'av1',
       depth: 'uchar',
       format: 'heif',
       hasAlpha: false,
       hasProfile: false,
-      height: 12,
+      height: 14,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 12,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',
@@ -85,12 +82,11 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
   it('can convert animated GIF to non-animated AVIF', async () => {
     const data = await sharp(inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
       .resize(10)
-      .avif({ speed: 8 })
+      .avif({ effort: 0 })
       .toBuffer();
-    const metadata = await sharp(data)
+    const { size, ...metadata } = await sharp(data)
       .metadata();
-    const { size, ...metadataWithoutSize } = metadata;
-    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadataWithoutSize, {
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(metadata, {
       channels: 4,
       compression: 'av1',
       depth: 'uchar',
@@ -99,7 +95,6 @@ describe('AVIF', () => {
       hasProfile: false,
       height: 300,
       isProgressive: false,
-      pageHeight: 300,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       pages: 1,
       space: 'srgb',

test/unit/beforeEach.js

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
 const sharp = require('../../');
 
-const usingCache = detectLibc.family !== detectLibc.MUSL;
+const libcFamily = detectLibc.familySync();
+const usingCache = libcFamily !== detectLibc.MUSL;
 const usingSimd = !process.env.G_DEBUG;
 const concurrency =
-  detectLibc.family === detectLibc.MUSL || process.arch === 'arm'
+  libcFamily === detectLibc.MUSL || process.arch === 'arm'
     ? 1
     : undefined;
 

test/unit/composite.js

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ describe('composite', () => {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(300, 300)
       .composite([{
-        input: Buffer.from('<svg><rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="200" rx="50" ry="50"/></svg>'),
+        input: Buffer.from('<svg width="200" height="200"><rect x="0" y="0" width="200" height="200" rx="50" ry="50"/></svg>'),
         density: 96,
         blend: 'dest-in',
         cutout: true

test/unit/extend.js

@@ -6,16 +6,30 @@ const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
 describe('Extend', function () {
-  it('extend all sides equally via a single value', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
-      .resize(120)
-      .extend(10)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+  describe('extend all sides equally via a single value', function () {
+    it('JPEG', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .resize(120)
+        .extend(10)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(118, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.jpg'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Animated WebP', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(120)
+        .extend(10)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(140, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(140 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('extend-equal-single.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
   });
 
   it('extend all sides equally with RGB', function (done) {

test/unit/extract.js

@@ -39,10 +39,35 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Before resize', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .extract({ left: 0, top: 30, width: 80, height: 20 })
+        .resize(320, 80)
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('After resize', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 320)
+        .extract({ left: 0, top: 120, width: 320, height: 80 })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('TIFF', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
       .extract({ left: 34, top: 63, width: 341, height: 529 })
-      .jpeg()
       .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
         assert.strictEqual(341, info.width);
@@ -143,6 +168,16 @@ describe('Partial image extraction', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Rotate with EXIF mirroring then extract', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgWithLandscapeExif7)
+      .rotate()
+      .extract({ left: 0, top: 208, width: 60, height: 40 })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('rotate-mirror-extract.jpg'), data, done);
+      });
+  });
+
   describe('Invalid parameters', function () {
     describe('using the legacy extract(top,left,width,height) syntax', function () {
       it('String top', function () {

test/unit/gif.js

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
       .then(({ data, info }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
         assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
-        assert.strictEqual(sharp.format.magick.input.buffer ? 'gif' : 'png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
         assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
@@ -55,40 +55,35 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
       .then(({ data, info }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
         assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
-        assert.strictEqual(sharp.format.magick.input.buffer ? 'gif' : 'png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
         assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
         assert.strictEqual(2400, info.height);
         assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
       })
   );
 
-  if (!sharp.format.magick.output.buffer) {
-    it('GIF buffer output should fail due to missing ImageMagick', () => {
-      assert.throws(
-        () => sharp().gif(),
-        /GIF output requires libvips with support for ImageMagick/
-      );
-    });
+  it('GIF with reduced colours, no dither, low effort reduces file size', async () => {
+    const original = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(120, 80)
+      .gif()
+      .toBuffer();
 
-    it('GIF file output should fail due to missing ImageMagick', () => {
-      assert.rejects(
-        async () => await sharp().toFile('test.gif'),
-        /GIF output requires libvips with support for ImageMagick/
-      );
-    });
-  }
+    const reduced = await sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(120, 80)
+      .gif({
+        colours: 128,
+        dither: 0,
+        effort: 1
+      })
+      .toBuffer();
 
-  it('invalid pageHeight throws', () => {
-    assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().gif({ pageHeight: 0 });
-    });
+    assert.strictEqual(true, reduced.length < original.length);
   });
 
   it('invalid loop throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().gif({ loop: -1 });
     });
-
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().gif({ loop: 65536 });
     });
@@ -96,43 +91,61 @@ describe('GIF input', () => {
 
   it('invalid delay throws', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().gif({ delay: [-1] });
+      sharp().gif({ delay: -1 });
     });
-
     assert.throws(() => {
       sharp().gif({ delay: [65536] });
     });
   });
 
+  it('invalid colour throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ colours: 1 });
+    });
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ colours: 'fail' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('invalid effort throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ effort: 0 });
+    });
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ effort: 'fail' });
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('invalid dither throws', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ dither: 1.1 });
+    });
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().gif({ effort: 'fail' });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('should work with streams when only animated is set', function (done) {
-    if (sharp.format.magick.output.buffer) {
-      fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputGifAnimated)
-        .pipe(sharp({ animated: true }))
-        .gif()
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-          assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, data, done);
-        });
-    } else {
-      done();
-    }
+    fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputGifAnimated)
+      .pipe(sharp({ animated: true }))
+      .gif()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, data, done);
+      });
   });
 
   it('should work with streams when only pages is set', function (done) {
-    if (sharp.format.magick.output.buffer) {
-      fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputGifAnimated)
-        .pipe(sharp({ pages: -1 }))
-        .gif()
-        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
-          assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
-          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, data, done);
-        });
-    } else {
-      done();
-    }
+    fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputGifAnimated)
+      .pipe(sharp({ pages: -1 }))
+      .gif()
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('gif', info.format);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, data, done);
+      });
   });
 });

test/unit/heif.js

@@ -50,6 +50,21 @@ describe('HEIF', () => {
       sharp().heif({ compression: 1 });
     });
   });
+  it('valid effort does not throw an error', () => {
+    assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+      sharp().heif({ speed: 6 });
+    });
+  });
+  it('out of range effort should throw an error', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().heif({ effort: 10 });
+    });
+  });
+  it('invalid effort should throw an error', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().heif({ effort: 'fail' });
+    });
+  });
   it('valid speed does not throw an error', () => {
     assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
       sharp().heif({ speed: 6 });
@@ -62,7 +77,7 @@ describe('HEIF', () => {
   });
   it('invalid speed should throw an error', () => {
     assert.throws(() => {
-      sharp().heif({ compression: 'fail' });
+      sharp().heif({ speed: 'fail' });
     });
   });
   it('invalid chromaSubsampling should throw an error', () => {

test/unit/io.js

@@ -201,6 +201,21 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
     readable.pipe(pipeline).pipe(writable);
   });
 
+  it('Stream should emit close event', function (done) {
+    const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
+    const writable = fs.createWriteStream(outputJpg);
+    const pipeline = sharp().resize(320, 240);
+    let closeEventEmitted = false;
+    pipeline.on('close', function () {
+      closeEventEmitted = true;
+    });
+    writable.on('close', function () {
+      assert.strictEqual(true, closeEventEmitted);
+      rimraf(outputJpg, done);
+    });
+    readable.pipe(pipeline).pipe(writable);
+  });
+
   it('Handle Stream to Stream error ', function (done) {
     const pipeline = sharp().resize(320, 240);
     let anErrorWasEmitted = false;
@@ -298,6 +313,35 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Support output to tif format', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
+      .resize(320, 240)
+      .toFormat('tif')
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual(data.length, info.size);
+        assert.strictEqual('tiff', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Allow use of toBuffer and toFile with same instance', async () => {
+    const instance = sharp({
+      create: {
+        width: 8,
+        height: 8,
+        channels: 3,
+        background: 'red'
+      }
+    });
+    await instance.toFile(fixtures.path('output.jpg'));
+    const data = await instance.toBuffer();
+    assert.strictEqual(Buffer.isBuffer(data), true);
+  });
+
   it('Fail when output File is input File', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).toFile(fixtures.inputJpg, function (err) {
       assert(err instanceof Error);
@@ -531,19 +575,6 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
         });
     });
 
-    it('Autoconvert GIF input to PNG output', function (done) {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputGif)
-        .resize(320, 80)
-        .toFile(outputZoinks, function (err, info) {
-          if (err) throw err;
-          assert.strictEqual(true, info.size > 0);
-          assert.strictEqual(sharp.format.magick.input.buffer ? 'gif' : 'png', info.format);
-          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
-          assert.strictEqual(80, info.height);
-          rimraf(outputZoinks, done);
-        });
-    });
-
     it('Force JPEG format for PNG input', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputPng)
         .resize(320, 80)
@@ -631,6 +662,19 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Switch off safety limits for PNG/SVG input', () => {
+    it('Valid', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
+        sharp({ unlimited: true });
+      });
+    });
+    it('Invalid', () => {
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        sharp({ unlimited: -1 });
+      }, /Expected boolean for unlimited but received -1 of type number/);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('Limit pixel count of input image', () => {
     it('Invalid fails - negative', () => {
       assert.throws(() => {
@@ -654,7 +698,9 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
         .metadata()
         .then(({ width, height }) =>
-          sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { limitInputPixels: width * height }).toBuffer()
+          sharp(fixtures.inputJpg, { limitInputPixels: width * height })
+            .resize(2)
+            .toBuffer()
         )
     );
 
@@ -765,6 +811,19 @@ describe('Input/output', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Fails when writing to missing directory', async () => {
+    const create = {
+      width: 8,
+      height: 8,
+      channels: 3,
+      background: { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 }
+    };
+    await assert.rejects(
+      () => sharp({ create }).toFile('does-not-exist/out.jpg'),
+      /unable to open for write/
+    );
+  });
+
   describe('create new image', function () {
     it('RGB', function (done) {
       const create = {

test/unit/libvips.js

@@ -76,6 +76,27 @@ describe('libvips binaries', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('integrity', function () {
+    it('reads value from environment variable', function () {
+      const prev = process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_platform_arch;
+      process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_platform_arch = 'sha512-test';
+
+      const integrity = libvips.integrity('platform-arch');
+      assert.strictEqual('sha512-test', integrity);
+
+      process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_platform_arch = prev;
+    });
+    it('reads value from package.json', function () {
+      const prev = process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_linux_x64;
+      delete process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_linux_x64;
+
+      const integrity = libvips.integrity('linux-x64');
+      assert.strictEqual('sha512-', integrity.substr(0, 7));
+
+      process.env.npm_package_config_integrity_linux_x64 = prev;
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('safe directory creation', function () {
     before(function () {
       mockFS({

test/unit/median.js

@@ -5,68 +5,46 @@ const assert = require('assert');
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
-describe('Median filter', function () {
-  it('1x1 window', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgThRandom)
+describe('Median filter', () => {
+  it('1x1 window', async () => {
+    const [r, g, b] = await sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
       .median(1)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('median_1.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+      .raw()
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    assert.deepStrictEqual({ r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 }, { r, g, b });
   });
 
-  it('3x3 window', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgThRandom)
+  it('3x3 window', async () => {
+    const [r, g, b] = await sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
       .median(3)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('median_3.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
-  });
-  it('5x5 window', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgThRandom)
-      .median(5)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('median_5.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+      .raw()
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    assert.deepStrictEqual({ r: 255, g: 0, b: 127 }, { r, g, b });
   });
 
-  it('color image', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgRandom)
-      .median(5)
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('median_color.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+  it('7x7 window', async () => {
+    const [r, g, b] = await sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
+      .median(7)
+      .raw()
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    assert.deepStrictEqual({ r: 255, g: 19, b: 146 }, { r, g, b });
   });
 
-  it('no windows size', function (done) {
-    sharp(fixtures.inputJpgThRandom)
+  it('default window (3x3)', async () => {
+    const [r, g, b] = await sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
       .median()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(200, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('median_3.jpg'), data, done);
-      });
+      .raw()
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    assert.deepStrictEqual({ r: 255, g: 0, b: 127 }, { r, g, b });
   });
-  it('invalid radius', function () {
-    assert.throws(function () {
-      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg).median(0.1);
+
+  it('invalid radius', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().median(0.1);
     });
   });
 });

test/unit/metadata.js

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       assert.strictEqual(1, metadata.orientation);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.exif);
       assert.strictEqual('undefined', typeof metadata.icc);
+      assert.strictEqual('inch', metadata.resolutionUnit);
       done();
     });
   });
@@ -194,6 +195,29 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
 
   it('Animated WebP', () =>
     sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated)
+      .metadata()
+      .then(({
+        format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
+      }) => {
+        assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
+        assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(height, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(space, 'srgb');
+        assert.strictEqual(channels, 4);
+        assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
+        assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
+        assert.strictEqual(pages, 9);
+        assert.strictEqual(loop, 0);
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [120, 120, 90, 120, 120, 90, 120, 90, 30]);
+        assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
+        assert.strictEqual(hasAlpha, true);
+      })
+  );
+
+  it('Animated WebP with all pages', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
@@ -202,7 +226,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
-        assert.strictEqual(height, 80);
+        assert.strictEqual(height, 720);
         assert.strictEqual(space, 'srgb');
         assert.strictEqual(channels, 4);
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
@@ -221,8 +245,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'webp');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 370);
@@ -232,7 +256,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 10);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 285);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 3);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [...Array(9).fill(3000), 15000]);
         assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
@@ -285,8 +308,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        background, hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, background,
+        hasProfile, hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'gif');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 80);
@@ -296,7 +319,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 30);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 80);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 0);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, Array(30).fill(30));
         assert.deepStrictEqual(background, { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0 });
@@ -310,8 +332,8 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .metadata()
       .then(({
         format, width, height, space, channels, depth,
-        isProgressive, pages, pageHeight, loop, delay,
-        hasProfile, hasAlpha
+        isProgressive, pages, loop, delay, hasProfile,
+        hasAlpha
       }) => {
         assert.strictEqual(format, 'gif');
         assert.strictEqual(width, 370);
@@ -321,7 +343,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(depth, 'uchar');
         assert.strictEqual(isProgressive, false);
         assert.strictEqual(pages, 10);
-        assert.strictEqual(pageHeight, 285);
         assert.strictEqual(loop, 2);
         assert.deepStrictEqual(delay, [...Array(9).fill(3000), 15000]);
         assert.strictEqual(hasProfile, false);
@@ -506,7 +527,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(64)
       .withMetadata({ icc: 'cmyk' })
-      .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
+      .toFile(output, function (err) {
         if (err) throw err;
         sharp(output).metadata(function (err, metadata) {
           if (err) throw err;
@@ -522,7 +543,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
           assert.strictEqual('Relative', profile.intent);
           assert.strictEqual('Printer', profile.deviceClass);
         });
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(output, fixtures.path('expected/icc-cmyk.jpg'), { threshold: 0 }, done);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(output, fixtures.expected('icc-cmyk.jpg'), { threshold: 1 }, done);
       });
   });
 
@@ -533,7 +554,7 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       .withMetadata({ icc: fixtures.path('hilutite.icm') })
       .toFile(output, function (err, info) {
         if (err) throw err;
-        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.path('expected/hilutite.jpg'), 9);
+        fixtures.assertMaxColourDistance(output, fixtures.expected('hilutite.jpg'), 9);
         done();
       });
   });
@@ -737,7 +758,6 @@ describe('Image metadata', function () {
       depth: 'uchar',
       isProgressive: false,
       pages: 1,
-      pageHeight: 858,
       pagePrimary: 0,
       compression: 'av1',
       hasProfile: false,

test/unit/png.js

@@ -112,6 +112,28 @@ describe('PNG', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('16-bit grey+alpha PNG roundtrip', async () => {
+    const after = await sharp(fixtures.inputPng16BitGreyAlpha)
+      .toColourspace('grey16')
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    const [alphaMeanBefore, alphaMeanAfter] = (
+      await Promise.all([
+        sharp(fixtures.inputPng16BitGreyAlpha).stats(),
+        sharp(after).stats()
+      ])
+    )
+      .map(stats => stats.channels[1].mean);
+
+    assert.strictEqual(alphaMeanAfter, alphaMeanBefore);
+  });
+
+  it('palette decode/encode roundtrip', () =>
+    sharp(fixtures.inputPngPalette)
+      .png({ effort: 1, palette: true })
+      .toBuffer()
+  );
+
   it('Valid PNG libimagequant palette value does not throw error', function () {
     assert.doesNotThrow(function () {
       sharp().png({ palette: false });
@@ -127,8 +149,8 @@ describe('PNG', function () {
   it('Valid PNG libimagequant quality value produces image of same size or smaller', function () {
     const inputPngBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputPng);
     return Promise.all([
-      sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(10).png({ quality: 80 }).toBuffer(),
-      sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(10).png({ quality: 100 }).toBuffer()
+      sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(10).png({ effort: 1, quality: 80 }).toBuffer(),
+      sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(10).png({ effort: 1, quality: 100 }).toBuffer()
     ]).then(function (data) {
       assert.strictEqual(true, data[0].length <= data[1].length);
     });
@@ -140,6 +162,12 @@ describe('PNG', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Invalid effort value throws error', () => {
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      sharp().png({ effort: 0.1 });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Valid PNG libimagequant colours value produces image of same size or smaller', function () {
     const inputPngBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputPng);
     return Promise.all([

test/unit/resize-contain.js

@@ -148,6 +148,42 @@ describe('Resize fit=contain', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Width only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 240, {
+          fit: 'contain',
+          background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+          assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(240 * 9, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-animated-width.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Height only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(240, 320, {
+          fit: 'contain',
+          background: { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0 }
+        })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+          assert.strictEqual('webp', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(240, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320 * 9, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(4, info.channels);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('embed-animated-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Invalid position values should fail', function () {
     [-1, 8.1, 9, 1000000, false, 'vallejo'].forEach(function (position) {
       assert.throws(function () {

test/unit/resize-cover.js

@@ -269,6 +269,30 @@ describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  describe('Animated WebP', function () {
+    it('Width only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(80, 320, { fit: sharp.fit.cover })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(80, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(320 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-width.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('Height only', function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputWebPAnimated, { pages: -1 })
+        .resize(320, 80, { fit: sharp.fit.cover })
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(320, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(80 * 9, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('gravity-center-height.webp'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('Entropy-based strategy', function () {
     it('JPEG', function (done) {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
@@ -323,6 +347,18 @@ describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
           fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
         });
     });
+
+    it('Animated image rejects', () =>
+      assert.rejects(() => sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
+        .resize({
+          width: 100,
+          height: 8,
+          position: sharp.strategy.entropy
+        })
+        .toBuffer(),
+      /Resize strategy is not supported for multi-page images/
+      )
+    );
   });
 
   describe('Attention strategy', function () {
@@ -379,5 +415,17 @@ describe('Resize fit=cover', function () {
           fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('crop-strategy.png'), data, done);
         });
     });
+
+    it('Animated image rejects', () =>
+      assert.rejects(() => sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
+        .resize({
+          width: 100,
+          height: 8,
+          position: sharp.strategy.attention
+        })
+        .toBuffer(),
+      /Resize strategy is not supported for multi-page images/
+      )
+    );
   });
 });

test/unit/resize.js

@@ -357,6 +357,93 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Do enlarge when input width is less than output width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        width: 2800,
+        withoutReduction: true
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2800, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2286, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do enlarge when input height is less than output height', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        height: 2300,
+        withoutReduction: true
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2817, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2300, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do enlarge when input width is less than output width', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize({
+        width: 2800,
+        withoutReduction: false
+      })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2800, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2286, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do not resize when both withoutEnlargement and withoutReduction are true', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: 'fill', withoutEnlargement: true, withoutReduction: true })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do not reduce size when fit = outside and withoutReduction are true and height > outputHeight and width > outputWidth', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(320, 320, { fit: 'outside', withoutReduction: true })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Do resize when fit = outside and withoutReduction are true and input height > height and input width > width ', function (done) {
+    sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .resize(3000, 3000, { fit: 'outside', withoutReduction: true })
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(true, data.length > 0);
+        assert.strictEqual('jpeg', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(3674, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(3000, info.height);
+        done();
+      });
+  });
+
   it('fit=fill, downscale width and height', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(320, 320, { fit: 'fill' })
@@ -516,28 +603,21 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
-  it('fastShrinkOnLoad: false ensures image is not shifted', function (done) {
-    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpgCenteredImage)
-      .resize(9, 8, { fastShrinkOnLoad: false })
-      .png()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(9, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(8, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('fast-shrink-on-load-false.png'), data, done);
-      });
-  });
-
-  it('fastShrinkOnLoad: true (default) might result in shifted image', function (done) {
-    return sharp(fixtures.inputJpgCenteredImage)
-      .resize(9, 8)
-      .png()
-      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
-        if (err) throw err;
-        assert.strictEqual(9, info.width);
-        assert.strictEqual(8, info.height);
-        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('fast-shrink-on-load-true.png'), data, done);
-      });
+  [
+    true,
+    false
+  ].forEach(function (value) {
+    it(`fastShrinkOnLoad: ${value} does not causes image shifts`, function (done) {
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpgCenteredImage)
+        .resize(9, 8, { fastShrinkOnLoad: value })
+        .png()
+        .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual(9, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(8, info.height);
+          fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('fast-shrink-on-load.png'), data, done);
+        });
+    });
   });
 
   [
@@ -605,6 +685,40 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('Ensure embedded shortest edge (height) is at least 1 pixel', function () {
+    return sharp({
+      create: {
+        width: 200,
+        height: 1,
+        channels: 3,
+        background: 'red'
+      }
+    })
+      .resize({ width: 50, height: 50, fit: sharp.fit.contain })
+      .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+      .then(function (output) {
+        assert.strictEqual(50, output.info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(50, output.info.height);
+      });
+  });
+
+  it('Ensure embedded shortest edge (width) is at least 1 pixel', function () {
+    return sharp({
+      create: {
+        width: 1,
+        height: 200,
+        channels: 3,
+        background: 'red'
+      }
+    })
+      .resize({ width: 50, height: 50, fit: sharp.fit.contain })
+      .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
+      .then(function (output) {
+        assert.strictEqual(50, output.info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(50, output.info.height);
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Skip shrink-on-load where one dimension <4px', async () => {
     const jpeg = await sharp({
       create: {
@@ -625,6 +739,27 @@ describe('Resize dimensions', function () {
     assert.strictEqual(info.height, 1);
   });
 
+  it('Skip JPEG shrink-on-load for known libjpeg rounding errors', async () => {
+    const input = await sharp({
+      create: {
+        width: 1000,
+        height: 667,
+        channels: 3,
+        background: 'red'
+      }
+    })
+      .jpeg()
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    const output = await sharp(input)
+      .resize({ width: 500 })
+      .toBuffer();
+
+    const { width, height } = await sharp(output).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(width, 500);
+    assert.strictEqual(height, 334);
+  });
+
   it('unknown kernel throws', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp().resize(null, null, { kernel: 'unknown' });

test/unit/rotate.js

@@ -272,6 +272,34 @@ describe('Rotation', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Animated image rotate-then-extract rejects', () =>
+    assert.rejects(() => sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
+      .rotate(1)
+      .extract({
+        top: 1,
+        left: 1,
+        width: 10,
+        height: 10
+      })
+      .toBuffer(),
+    /Rotate is not supported for multi-page images/
+    )
+  );
+
+  it('Animated image extract-then-rotate rejects', () =>
+    assert.rejects(() => sharp(fixtures.inputGifAnimated, { animated: true })
+      .extract({
+        top: 1,
+        left: 1,
+        width: 10,
+        height: 10
+      })
+      .rotate(1)
+      .toBuffer(),
+    /Rotate is not supported for multi-page images/
+    )
+  );
+
   it('Flip - vertical', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
       .resize(320)

test/unit/svg.js

@@ -74,6 +74,27 @@ describe('SVG input', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('Convert SVG to PNG utilizing scale-on-load', function (done) {
+    const size = 1024;
+    sharp(fixtures.inputSvgSmallViewBox)
+      .resize(size)
+      .toFormat('png')
+      .toBuffer(function (err, data, info) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual('png', info.format);
+        assert.strictEqual(size, info.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(size, info.height);
+        fixtures.assertSimilar(fixtures.expected('circle.png'), data, function (err) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          sharp(data).metadata(function (err, info) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(72, info.density);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+      });
+  });
+
   it('Convert SVG to PNG at 14.4DPI', function (done) {
     sharp(fixtures.inputSvg, { density: 14.4 })
       .toFormat('png')

test/unit/tiff.js

@@ -188,6 +188,26 @@ describe('TIFF', function () {
       )
   );
 
+  it('TIFF imputes xres and yres from withMetadataDensity if not explicitly provided', async () => {
+    const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
+      .resize(8, 8)
+      .tiff()
+      .withMetadata({ density: 600 })
+      .toBuffer();
+    const { density } = await sharp(data).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(600, density);
+  });
+
+  it('TIFF uses xres and yres over withMetadataDensity if explicitly provided', async () => {
+    const data = await sharp(fixtures.inputTiff)
+      .resize(8, 8)
+      .tiff({ xres: 1000, yres: 1000 })
+      .withMetadata({ density: 600 })
+      .toBuffer();
+    const { density } = await sharp(data).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(25400, density);
+  });
+
   it('TIFF invalid xres value should throw an error', function () {
     assert.throws(function () {
       sharp().tiff({ xres: '1000.0' });
@@ -268,6 +288,30 @@ describe('TIFF', function () {
       });
   });
 
+  it('TIFF resolutionUnit of inch (default)', async () => {
+    const data = await sharp({ create: { width: 8, height: 8, channels: 3, background: 'red' } })
+      .tiff()
+      .toBuffer();
+    const { resolutionUnit } = await sharp(data).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(resolutionUnit, 'inch');
+  });
+
+  it('TIFF resolutionUnit of inch', async () => {
+    const data = await sharp({ create: { width: 8, height: 8, channels: 3, background: 'red' } })
+      .tiff({ resolutionUnit: 'inch' })
+      .toBuffer();
+    const { resolutionUnit } = await sharp(data).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(resolutionUnit, 'inch');
+  });
+
+  it('TIFF resolutionUnit of cm', async () => {
+    const data = await sharp({ create: { width: 8, height: 8, channels: 3, background: 'red' } })
+      .tiff({ resolutionUnit: 'cm' })
+      .toBuffer();
+    const { resolutionUnit } = await sharp(data).metadata();
+    assert.strictEqual(resolutionUnit, 'cm');
+  });
+
   it('TIFF deflate compression with horizontal predictor shrinks test file', function (done) {
     const startSize = fs.statSync(fixtures.inputTiffUncompressed).size;
     sharp(fixtures.inputTiffUncompressed)
@@ -363,6 +407,12 @@ describe('TIFF', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('TIFF invalid resolutionUnit option throws', function () {
+    assert.throws(function () {
+      sharp().tiff({ resolutionUnit: 'none' });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('TIFF horizontal predictor does not throw error', function () {
     assert.doesNotThrow(function () {
       sharp().tiff({ predictor: 'horizontal' });

test/unit/tile.js

@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
       sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
         .webp({
           quality: 1,
-          reductionEffort: 0
+          effort: 0
         })
         .tile({
           layout: 'google'
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
-  it('IIIF layout', function (done) {
+  it('IIIFv2 layout', function (done) {
     const name = 'output.iiif.info';
     const directory = fixtures.path(name);
     rimraf(directory, function () {
@@ -848,6 +848,7 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
           assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
           assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
           const infoJson = require(path.join(directory, 'info.json'));
+          assert.strictEqual('http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json', infoJson['@context']);
           assert.strictEqual(`${id}/${name}`, infoJson['@id']);
           fs.stat(path.join(directory, '0,0,256,256', '256,', '0', 'default.jpg'), function (err, stat) {
             if (err) throw err;
@@ -859,6 +860,37 @@ describe('Tile', function () {
     });
   });
 
+  it('IIIFv3 layout', function (done) {
+    const name = 'output.iiif3.info';
+    const directory = fixtures.path(name);
+    rimraf(directory, function () {
+      const id = 'https://sharp.test.com/iiif3';
+      sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+        .tile({
+          layout: 'iiif3',
+          id
+        })
+        .toFile(directory, function (err, info) {
+          if (err) throw err;
+          assert.strictEqual('dz', info.format);
+          assert.strictEqual(2725, info.width);
+          assert.strictEqual(2225, info.height);
+          assert.strictEqual(3, info.channels);
+          assert.strictEqual('number', typeof info.size);
+          const infoJson = require(path.join(directory, 'info.json'));
+          assert.strictEqual('http://iiif.io/api/image/3/context.json', infoJson['@context']);
+          assert.strictEqual('ImageService3', infoJson.type);
+          assert.strictEqual(`${id}/${name}`, infoJson.id);
+          fs.stat(path.join(directory, '0,0,256,256', '256,256', '0', 'default.jpg'), function (err, stat) {
+            if (err) throw err;
+            assert.strictEqual(true, stat.isFile());
+            assert.strictEqual(true, stat.size > 0);
+            done();
+          });
+        });
+    });
+  });
+
   it('Write to ZIP container using file extension', function (done) {
     const container = fixtures.path('output.dz.container.zip');
     const extractTo = fixtures.path('output.dz.container');

test/unit/timeout.js

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+const sharp = require('../../');
+const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
+
+describe('Timeout', function () {
+  it('Will timeout after 1s when performing slow blur operation', () => assert.rejects(
+    () => sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
+      .blur(100)
+      .timeout({ seconds: 1 })
+      .toBuffer(),
+    /timeout: [0-9]+% complete/
+  ));
+
+  it('invalid object', () => assert.throws(
+    () => sharp().timeout('fail'),
+    /Expected object for options but received fail of type string/
+  ));
+
+  it('invalid seconds', () => assert.throws(
+    () => sharp().timeout({ seconds: 'fail' }),
+    /Expected integer between 0 and 3600 for seconds but received fail of type string/
+  ));
+});