Release v0.32.0

Types: options can be passed as first resize parameter

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -3,76 +3,76 @@ version: 2.1
 workflows:
   build:
     jobs:
-      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-12:
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-14:
           filters:
             tags:
               only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-musl-node-12:
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-14:
           filters:
             tags:
               only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-16:
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
           filters:
             tags:
               only: /^v.*/
-      - linux-arm64-musl-node-16:
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
           filters:
             tags:
               only: /^v.*/
 
 jobs:
-  linux-arm64-glibc-node-12:
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-14:
     resource_class: arm.medium
     machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+      image: ubuntu-2004:current
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
           sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_14.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
-  linux-arm64-glibc-node-16:
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 7 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-18:
     resource_class: arm.medium
     machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+      image: ubuntu-2004:current
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
           sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl fonts-noto-core"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
           sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-  linux-arm64-musl-node-12:
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-14:
     resource_class: arm.medium
     machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+      image: ubuntu-2004:current
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:12-alpine3.11
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache"
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:14-alpine3.12
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
-  linux-arm64-musl-node-16:
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 7 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-18:
     resource_class: arm.medium
     machine:
-      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+      image: ubuntu-2004:current
     steps:
       - checkout
       - run: |
-          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp node:16-alpine3.11
-          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache"
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --workdir /mnt/sharp node:18-alpine3.14
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache"
           sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "mkdir -p /mnt/sharp"
           sudo docker cp . sharp:/mnt/sharp/.
       - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source"

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 freebsd_instance:
-  image_family: freebsd-13-0-snap
+  image_family: freebsd-14-0-snap
 
 task:
-  name: FreeBSD 13.0
+  name: FreeBSD
   env:
     IGNORE_OSVERSION: yes
   skip_notifications: true
   prerequisites_script:
     - pkg update -f
     - pkg upgrade -y
-    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips node npm
+    - pkg install -y devel/pkgconf graphics/vips www/node16 www/npm
   install_script:
     - npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
   test_script:

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,29 +16,30 @@ If a [similar request](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/labels/enhancement) exist
 it's probably fastest to add a comment to it about your requirement.
 
 Implementation is usually straightforward if libvips
-[already supports](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/func-list.html)
+[already supports](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/func-list.html)
 the feature you need.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request to fix a bug
 
 Thank you! To prevent the problem occurring again, please add unit tests that would have failed.
 
-Please select the `master` branch as the destination for your Pull Request so your fix can be included in the next minor release.
+Please select the `main` branch as the destination for your Pull Request so your fix can be included in the next minor release.
 
-Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/master`.
+Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/main`.
 
 To test C++ changes, you can compile the module using `npm install --build-from-source` and then run the tests using `npm test`.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request with a new feature
 
-Please add JavaScript [unit tests](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/master/test/unit) to cover your new feature.
+Please add JavaScript [unit tests](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/main/test/unit) to cover your new feature.
 A test coverage report for the JavaScript code is generated in the `coverage/lcov-report` directory.
+Please also update the [TypeScript definitions](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/main/lib/index.d.ts), along with the [type definition tests](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/tree/main/test/types/sharp.test-d.ts).
 
 Where possible, the functional tests use gradient-based perceptual hashes
 based on [dHash](http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/index.php?/archives/529-Kind-of-Like-That.html)
 to compare expected vs actual images.
 
-You deserve to add your details to the [list of contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5).
+You deserve to add your details to the [list of contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/package.json#L5).
 
 Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant work-in-progress branch for inclusion in the next major release.
 
@@ -93,5 +94,5 @@ Please feel free to ask any questions via a
 [new issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new).
 
 If you're unable to post details publicly, please
-[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/package.json#L5)
+[e-mail](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/package.json#L5)
 for private, paid consulting.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -5,12 +5,24 @@ labels: enhancement
 
 ---
 
-What are you trying to achieve?
+## Feature request
 
-Have you searched for similar feature requests?
+### What are you trying to achieve?
 
-What would you expect the API to look like?
+<!-- Please provide context here. -->
 
-What alternatives have you considered?
+### When you searched for similar feature requests, what did you find that might be related?
 
-Is there a sample image that helps explain?
+<!-- Please demonstrate your research here. -->
+
+### What would you expect the API to look like?
+
+<!-- Please provide your suggestions here. -->
+
+### What alternatives have you considered?
+
+<!-- Please provide your ideas here. -->
+
+### Please provide sample image(s) that help explain this feature
+
+<!-- Please provide links to one or more images here. -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -5,18 +5,41 @@ labels: installation
 
 ---
 
-Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install)?
+<!-- Please try to answer as many of these questions as possible. -->
 
-Have you ensured the architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime?
+## Possible install-time or require-time problem
 
-Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
+<!-- Please place an [x] in the box to confirm. -->
+
+- [ ] I have read the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install).
+- [ ] I have ensured that the architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime.
+
+### Are you using the latest version of sharp?
+
+<!-- Please place an [x] in the box to confirm. -->
+
+- [ ] I am using the latest version of `sharp` as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`.
+
+If you cannot confirm this, please upgrade to the latest version and try again before opening an issue.
+
+If you are using another package which depends on a version of `sharp` that is not the latest, please open an issue against that package instead.
+
+### Is this a problem with filesystem permissions?
 
 If you are using npm v6 or earlier and installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
 
-If you are using npm v7, does the user running `npm install` own the directory it is run in?
+If you are using npm v7 or later, does the user running `npm install` own the directory it is run in?
 
 If you are using the `ignore-scripts` feature of `npm`, have you tried with the `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag?
 
-What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`? Have you checked this output for useful error messages?
+### What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose --foreground-scripts sharp` in an empty directory?
 
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?
+<details>
+
+<!-- Please provide output of `npm install --verbose --foreground-scripts sharp` in an empty directory here. -->
+
+</details>
+
+### What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system --npmPackages=sharp --npmGlobalPackages=sharp`?
+
+<!-- Please provide output of `npx envinfo --binaries --system --npmPackages=sharp --npmGlobalPackages=sharp` here. -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -7,14 +7,43 @@ labels: triage
 
 <!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
 
-Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
+## Possible bug
 
-What are the steps to reproduce?
+### Is this a possible bug in a feature of sharp, unrelated to installation?
 
-What is the expected behaviour?
+<!-- Please place an [x] in the box to confirm. -->
 
-Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
+- [ ] Running `npm install sharp` completes without error.
+- [ ] Running `node -e "require('sharp')"` completes without error.
 
-Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the problem?
+If you cannot confirm both of these, please open an [installation issue](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md) instead.
 
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?
+### Are you using the latest version of sharp?
+
+<!-- Please place an [x] in the box to confirm. -->
+
+- [ ] I am using the latest version of `sharp` as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`.
+
+If you cannot confirm this, please upgrade to the latest version and try again before opening an issue.
+
+If you are using another package which depends on a version of `sharp` that is not the latest, please open an issue against that package instead.
+
+### What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system --npmPackages=sharp --npmGlobalPackages=sharp`?
+
+<!-- Please provide output of the above command here. -->
+
+### What are the steps to reproduce?
+
+<!-- Please enter steps to reproduce here. -->
+
+### What is the expected behaviour?
+
+<!-- Please enter the expected behaviour here. -->
+
+### Please provide a minimal, standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem
+
+<!-- Please provide either formatted code or a link to a repo/gist that allows someone else to reproduce here. -->
+
+### Please provide sample image(s) that help explain this problem
+
+<!-- Please provide links to one or more images here. -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -7,10 +7,20 @@ labels: question
 
 <!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
 
-What are you trying to achieve?
+## Question about an existing feature
 
-Have you searched for similar questions?
+### What are you trying to achieve?
 
-Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
+<!-- Please provide context here. -->
 
-Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the question?
+### When you searched for similar issues, what did you find that might be related?
+
+<!-- Please demonstrate your research here. -->
+
+### Please provide a minimal, standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this question
+
+<!-- Please provide either formatted code or a link to a repo/gist that helps someone else understand here. -->
+
+### Please provide sample image(s) that help explain this question
+
+<!-- Please provide links to one or more images here. -->

.github/workflows/ci-darwin-arm64v8.yml

@@ -2,29 +2,33 @@ name: CI (MacStadium)
 on:
   - push
   - pull_request
+permissions: {}
 jobs:
   CI:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # for npx prebuild to make release
+    name: Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }} ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }} ${{ matrix.prebuild && '- prebuild' }}
     runs-on: macos-m1
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - nodejs_version: 12
-            nodejs_architecture: x64
-          - nodejs_version: 16
-            nodejs_architecture: arm64
+          - nodejs_version: 14
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+          - nodejs_version: 18
+            nodejs_arch: arm64
             prebuild: true
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: /usr/bin/arch -arch arm64e /bin/bash -l {0}
     steps:
-      - name: Dependencies
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+      - name: Dependencies (Node.js)
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
-          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_architecture }}
+          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Install
         run: npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
       - name: Test
@@ -33,4 +37,4 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
         env:
           prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5
+        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 7

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -2,66 +2,95 @@ name: CI (GitHub)
 on:
   - push
   - pull_request
+permissions: {}
 jobs:
   CI:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # for npx prebuild to make release
+    name: ${{ matrix.container || matrix.os }} - Node.js ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }} ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }} ${{ matrix.prebuild && '- prebuild' }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            container: centos:7
-            nodejs_version: 12
-            coverage: true
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
             container: centos:7
             nodejs_version: 14
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
             container: centos:7
             nodejs_version: 16
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            container: node:12-alpine3.11
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            container: rockylinux:8
+            nodejs_version: 18
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            container: node:14-alpine3.12
             prebuild: true
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            container: node:14-alpine3.11
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            container: node:14-alpine3.13
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            container: node:16-alpine3.11
-          - os: macos-10.15
-            nodejs_version: 12
-            prebuild: true
-          - os: macos-10.15
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            container: node:16-alpine3.12
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04
+            container: node:18-alpine3.14
+          - os: macos-11
             nodejs_version: 14
-          - os: macos-10.15
-            nodejs_version: 16
-          - os: windows-2019
-            nodejs_version: 12
             prebuild: true
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+          - os: macos-11
+            nodejs_version: 16
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+          - os: macos-11
+            nodejs_version: 18
+            nodejs_arch: x64
           - os: windows-2019
             nodejs_version: 14
+            nodejs_arch: x86
+            prebuild: true
           - os: windows-2019
             nodejs_version: 16
+            nodejs_arch: x86
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 18
+            nodejs_arch: x86
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 14
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 16
+            nodejs_arch: x64
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 18
+            nodejs_arch: x64
     steps:
       - name: Dependencies (Linux glibc)
         if: contains(matrix.container, 'centos')
         run: |
           curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}.x | bash -
           yum install -y centos-release-scl
-          yum install -y devtoolset-10-gcc-c++ make git python3 nodejs
-          echo "/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+          yum install -y devtoolset-11-gcc-c++ make git python3 nodejs fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
+          echo "/opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Dependencies (Rocky Linux glibc)
+        if: contains(matrix.container, 'rockylinux')
+        run: |
+          curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}.x | bash -
+          dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++ make git python3 nodejs fontconfig google-noto-sans-fonts
+          echo "/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - name: Dependencies (Linux musl)
         if: contains(matrix.container, 'alpine')
-        run: apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache
-      - name: Dependencies (macOS, Windows)
+        run: apk add build-base git python3 font-noto --update-cache
+      - name: Dependencies (Python 3.10 - macOS, Windows)
         if: contains(matrix.os, 'macos') || contains(matrix.os, 'windows')
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.10'
+      - name: Dependencies (Node.js - macOS, Windows)
+        if: contains(matrix.os, 'macos') || contains(matrix.os, 'windows')
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
+          architecture: ${{ matrix.nodejs_arch }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Fix working directory ownership
         if: matrix.container
         run: chown root.root .
@@ -69,13 +98,8 @@ jobs:
         run: npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
       - name: Test
         run: npm test
-      - name: Coverage
-        if: matrix.coverage
-        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v1.1.2
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Prebuild
         if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
         env:
           prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5
+        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 7

.mocharc.jsonc

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "parallel": true,
+  "slow": 1000,
+  "timeout": 30000,
+  "require": "./test/beforeEach.js",
+  "spec": "./test/unit/*.js"
+}

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 12.13.0
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 14.15.0
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ## Documentation
@@ -95,15 +95,14 @@ readableStream
 
 ## Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
 [![Node-API v5](https://img.shields.io/badge/Node--API-v5-green.svg)](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html#n_api_n_api_version_matrix)
 
 ## Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-os: Visual Studio 2019
-version: "{build}"
-build: off
-platform: x86
-environment:
-  matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "12"
-    prebuild: true
-  - nodejs_version: "14"
-  - nodejs_version: "16"
-install:
-  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version)
-  - npm install --build-from-source
-test_script:
-  - npm test
-on_success:
-  - if [%prebuild%] == [true] if [%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG%] == [true] npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5

binding.gyp

@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@
           '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS'
         ],
         'sources': [
-          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp',
+          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp',
+          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp',
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp',
-          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp'
+          'src/libvips/cplusplus/VRegion.cpp'
         ],
         'include_dirs': [
           '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/include',
@@ -39,7 +40,6 @@
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
-                'RuntimeLibrary': '2', # /MD
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
               },
               'VCLibrarianTool': {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   }, {
     'target_name': 'sharp-<(platform_and_arch)',
     'defines': [
-      'NAPI_VERSION=5'
+      'NAPI_VERSION=7'
     ],
     'dependencies': [
       '<!(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').gyp")',
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
     ],
     'xcode_settings': {
       'CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD': 'c++11',
-      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.9',
+      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.13',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'YES',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_RTTI': 'YES',
       'OTHER_CPLUSPLUSFLAGS': [
@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
                 'ExceptionHandling': 1,
                 'Optimization': 1,
-                'RuntimeLibrary': '2', # /MD
                 'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
               },
               'VCLibrarianTool': {

docs/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 12.13.0
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 14.15.0
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
 ### Formats
@@ -63,14 +63,18 @@ PNG filtering is disabled by default,
 which for diagrams and line art often produces the same result
 as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
 
+The file size of animated GIF output is optimised
+without having to use separate command line tools such as
+[gifsicle](https://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/).
+
 ### Contributing
 
-A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

docs/api-channel.md

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## removeAlpha
-
 Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
 
-See also [flatten][1].
+See also [flatten](/api-operation#flatten).
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('rgba.png')
   .removeAlpha()
   .toFile('rgb.png', function(err, info) {
@@ -16,61 +13,62 @@ sharp('rgba.png')
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## ensureAlpha
-
 Ensure the output image has an alpha transparency channel.
 If missing, the added alpha channel will have the specified
 transparency level, defaulting to fully-opaque (1).
 This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `alpha` **[number][2]** alpha transparency level (0=fully-transparent, 1=fully-opaque) (optional, default `1`)
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid alpha transparency level
 
-```javascript
+**Since**: 0.21.2  
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [alpha] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | alpha transparency level (0=fully-transparent, 1=fully-opaque) |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // rgba.png will be a 4 channel image with a fully-opaque alpha channel
 await sharp('rgb.jpg')
   .ensureAlpha()
   .toFile('rgba.png')
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // rgba is a 4 channel image with a fully-transparent alpha channel
 const rgba = await sharp(rgb)
   .ensureAlpha(0)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid alpha transparency level
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.21.2
 
 ## extractChannel
-
 Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `channel` **([number][2] | [string][4])** zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`.
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid channel
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| channel | <code>number</code> \| <code>string</code> | zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // green.jpg is a greyscale image containing the green channel of the input
 await sharp(input)
   .extractChannel('green')
   .toFile('green.jpg');
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // red1 is the red value of the first pixel, red2 the second pixel etc.
 const [red1, red2, ...] = await sharp(input)
   .extractChannel(0)
@@ -78,45 +76,46 @@ const [red1, red2, ...] = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid channel
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## joinChannel
-
 Join one or more channels to the image.
 The meaning of the added channels depends on the output colourspace, set with `toColourspace()`.
 By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
 Channel ordering follows vips convention:
-
-*   sRGB: 0: Red, 1: Green, 2: Blue, 3: Alpha.
-*   CMYK: 0: Magenta, 1: Cyan, 2: Yellow, 3: Black, 4: Alpha.
+- sRGB: 0: Red, 1: Green, 2: Blue, 3: Alpha.
+- CMYK: 0: Magenta, 1: Cyan, 2: Yellow, 3: Black, 4: Alpha.
 
 Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp.
 For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, which follows the format of the attribute of the same name in the `sharp()` constructor.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `images` **([Array][5]<([string][4] | [Buffer][6])> | [string][4] | [Buffer][6])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
-*   `options` **[Object][7]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| images | <code>Array.&lt;(string\|Buffer)&gt;</code> \| <code>string</code> \| <code>Buffer</code> | one or more images (file paths, Buffers). |
+| options | <code>Object</code> | image options, see `sharp()` constructor. |
 
-*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## bandbool
-
 Perform a bitwise boolean operation on all input image channels (bands) to produce a single channel output image.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `boolOp` **[string][4]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| boolOp | <code>string</code> | one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('3-channel-rgb-input.png')
   .bandbool(sharp.bool.and)
   .toFile('1-channel-output.png', function (err, info) {
@@ -124,22 +123,4 @@ sharp('3-channel-rgb-input.png')
     // If `I(1,1) = [247, 170, 14] = [0b11110111, 0b10101010, 0b00001111]`
     // then `O(1,1) = 0b11110111 & 0b10101010 & 0b00001111 = 0b00000010 = 2`.
   });
-```
-
-*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-[1]: /api-operation#flatten
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[6]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+```

docs/api-colour.md

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## tint
-
 Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
 An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `rgb` **([string][1] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameter
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameter
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| rgb | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .tint({ r: 255, g: 240, b: 16 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## greyscale
-
 Convert to 8-bit greyscale; 256 shades of grey.
 This is a linear operation. If the input image is in a non-linear colour space such as sRGB, use `gamma()` with `greyscale()` for the best results.
 By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB and contain three (identical) color channels.
@@ -24,38 +28,50 @@ This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as `toColourspace('b-w')`,
 which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
 An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `greyscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [greyscale] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | 
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).greyscale().toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## grayscale
-
 Alternative spelling of `greyscale`.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `grayscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [grayscale] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | 
+
+
 
 ## pipelineColourspace
-
 Set the pipeline colourspace.
 
 The input image will be converted to the provided colourspace at the start of the pipeline.
-All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace, as defined by [toColourspace][6].
+All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace, as defined by [toColourspace](#toColourspace).
 
 This feature is experimental and has not yet been fully-tested with all operations.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `colourspace` **[string][1]?** pipeline colourspace e.g. `rgb16`, `scrgb`, `lab`, `grey16` [...][7]
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+**Since**: 0.29.0  
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [colourspace] | <code>string</code> | pipeline colourspace e.g. `rgb16`, `scrgb`, `lab`, `grey16` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/41cff4e9d0838498487a00623462204eb10ee5b8/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L774) |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Run pipeline in 16 bits per channel RGB while converting final result to 8 bits per channel sRGB.
 await sharp(input)
  .pipelineColourspace('rgb16')
@@ -63,76 +79,54 @@ await sharp(input)
  .toFile('16bpc-pipeline-to-8bpc-output.png')
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.29.0
 
 ## pipelineColorspace
-
 Alternative spelling of `pipelineColourspace`.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `colorspace` **[string][1]?** pipeline colorspace.
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [colorspace] | <code>string</code> | pipeline colorspace. |
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## toColourspace
-
 Set the output colourspace.
 By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `colourspace` **[string][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][8]
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [colourspace] | <code>string</code> | output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/3c0bfdf74ce1dc37a6429bed47fa76f16e2cd70a/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L777-L794) |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Output 16 bits per pixel RGB
 await sharp(input)
  .toColourspace('rgb16')
  .toFile('16-bpp.png')
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## toColorspace
-
 Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `colorspace` **[string][1]?** output colorspace.
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[3]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[6]: #tocolourspace
-
-[7]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/41cff4e9d0838498487a00623462204eb10ee5b8/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L774
-
-[8]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/3c0bfdf74ce1dc37a6429bed47fa76f16e2cd70a/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L777-L794
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [colorspace] | <code>string</code> | output colorspace. |

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## composite
-
 Composite image(s) over the processed (resized, extracted etc.) image.
 
 The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
 If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
 
+Any resize or rotate operations in the same processing pipeline
+will always be applied to the input image before composition.
+
 The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
 `dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
 `xor`, `add`, `saturate`, `multiply`, `screen`, `overlay`, `darken`, `lighten`,
@@ -14,39 +14,70 @@ The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
 `hard-light`, `soft-light`, `difference`, `exclusion`.
 
 More information about blend modes can be found at
-[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode][1]
-and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
+https://www.libvips.org/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
+and https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `images` **[Array][3]<[Object][4]>** Ordered list of images to composite
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] | [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-        *   `images[].input.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
+**Since**: 0.22.0  
 
-            *   `images[].input.create.width` **[Number][7]?** 
-            *   `images[].input.create.height` **[Number][7]?** 
-            *   `images[].input.create.channels` **[Number][7]?** 3-4
-            *   `images[].input.create.background` **([String][6] | [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][8] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
-    *   `images[].blend` **[String][6]** how to blend this image with the image below. (optional, default `'over'`)
-    *   `images[].gravity` **[String][6]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    *   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
-    *   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
-    *   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
-    *   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| images | <code>Array.&lt;Object&gt;</code> |  | Ordered list of images to composite |
+| [images[].input] | <code>Buffer</code> \| <code>String</code> |  | Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below) |
+| [images[].input.create] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a blank overlay to be created. |
+| [images[].input.create.width] | <code>Number</code> |  |  |
+| [images[].input.create.height] | <code>Number</code> |  |  |
+| [images[].input.create.channels] | <code>Number</code> |  | 3-4 |
+| [images[].input.create.background] | <code>String</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [images[].input.text] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new text image to be created. |
+| [images[].input.text.text] | <code>string</code> |  | text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`. |
+| [images[].input.text.font] | <code>string</code> |  | font name to render with. |
+| [images[].input.text.fontfile] | <code>string</code> |  | absolute filesystem path to a font file that can be used by `font`. |
+| [images[].input.text.width] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | integral number of pixels to word-wrap at. Lines of text wider than this will be broken at word boundaries. |
+| [images[].input.text.height] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | integral number of pixels high. When defined, `dpi` will be ignored and the text will automatically fit the pixel resolution defined by `width` and `height`. Will be ignored if `width` is not specified or set to 0. |
+| [images[].input.text.align] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;left&#x27;&quot;</code> | text alignment (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`). |
+| [images[].input.text.justify] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to apply justification to the text. |
+| [images[].input.text.dpi] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified. |
+| [images[].input.text.rgba] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`. |
+| [images[].input.text.spacing] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified. |
+| [images[].blend] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;over&#x27;</code> | how to blend this image with the image below. |
+| [images[].gravity] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;centre&#x27;</code> | gravity at which to place the overlay. |
+| [images[].top] | <code>Number</code> |  | the pixel offset from the top edge. |
+| [images[].left] | <code>Number</code> |  | the pixel offset from the left edge. |
+| [images[].tile] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. |
+| [images[].premultiplied] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. |
+| [images[].density] | <code>Number</code> | <code>72</code> | number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. |
+| [images[].raw] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes overlay when using raw pixel data. |
+| [images[].raw.width] | <code>Number</code> |  |  |
+| [images[].raw.height] | <code>Number</code> |  |  |
+| [images[].raw.channels] | <code>Number</code> |  |  |
+| [images[].animated] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image. |
+| [images[].failOn] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;warning&#x27;&quot;</code> | @see [constructor parameters](/api-constructor#parameters) |
+| [images[].limitInputPixels] | <code>number</code> \| <code>boolean</code> | <code>268402689</code> | @see [constructor parameters](/api-constructor#parameters) |
 
-        *   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 
-        *   `images[].raw.height` **[Number][7]?** 
-        *   `images[].raw.channels` **[Number][7]?** 
-    *   `images[].failOnError` **[boolean][9]** @see [constructor parameters][10] (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `images[].limitInputPixels` **([number][7] | [boolean][9])** @see [constructor parameters][10] (optional, default `268402689`)
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
+await sharp(background)
+  .composite([
+    { input: layer1, gravity: 'northwest' },
+    { input: layer2, gravity: 'southeast' },
+  ])
+  .toFile('combined.png');
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp('input.gif', { animated: true })
+  .composite([
+    { input: 'overlay.png', tile: true, blend: 'saturate' }
+  ])
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('input.png')
   .rotate(180)
   .resize(300)
@@ -61,34 +92,4 @@ sharp('input.png')
     // onto orange background, composited with overlay.png with SE gravity,
     // sharpened, with metadata, 90% quality WebP image data. Phew!
   });
-```
-
-*   Throws **[Error][11]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.22.0
-
-[1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
-
-[2]: https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
-
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[5]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[8]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[10]: /api-constructor#parameters
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+```

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## Sharp
 
+**Emits**: <code>Sharp#event:info</code>, <code>Sharp#event:warning</code>  
+<a name="new_Sharp_new"></a>
+
+### new
 Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
 
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
@@ -9,53 +11,57 @@ When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info`
 
 Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
 
-Implements the [stream.Duplex][1] class.
+Implements the [stream.Duplex](http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex) class.
 
-### Parameters
+**Throws**:
 
-*   `input` **([Buffer][2] | [Uint8Array][3] | [Uint8ClampedArray][4] | [Int8Array][5] | [Uint16Array][6] | [Int16Array][7] | [Uint32Array][8] | [Int32Array][9] | [Float32Array][10] | [Float64Array][11] | [string][12])?** if present, can be
-    a Buffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
-    a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or
-    a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
-    JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
-*   `options` **[Object][13]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-    *   `options.failOnError` **[boolean][14]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
-        Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `options.limitInputPixels` **([number][15] | [boolean][14])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
-        (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
-        An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
-    *   `options.unlimited` **[boolean][14]** Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (SVG, PNG). (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.sequentialRead` **[boolean][14]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
-        This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.density` **[number][15]** number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000. (optional, default `72`)
-    *   `options.pages` **[number][15]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
-    *   `options.page` **[number][15]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.subifd` **[number][15]** subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. (optional, default `-1`)
-    *   `options.level` **[number][15]** level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.animated` **[boolean][14]** Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`). (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.raw` **[Object][13]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
 
-        *   `options.raw.width` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels wide.
-        *   `options.raw.height` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels high.
-        *   `options.raw.channels` **[number][15]?** integral number of channels, between 1 and 4.
-        *   `options.raw.premultiplied` **[boolean][14]?** specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`
-            to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.create` **[Object][13]?** describes a new image to be created.
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [input] | <code>Buffer</code> \| <code>ArrayBuffer</code> \| <code>Uint8Array</code> \| <code>Uint8ClampedArray</code> \| <code>Int8Array</code> \| <code>Uint16Array</code> \| <code>Int16Array</code> \| <code>Uint32Array</code> \| <code>Int32Array</code> \| <code>Float32Array</code> \| <code>Float64Array</code> \| <code>string</code> |  | if present, can be  a Buffer / ArrayBuffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present. |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | if present, is an Object with optional attributes. |
+| [options.failOn] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;warning&#x27;&quot;</code> | when to abort processing of invalid pixel data, one of (in order of sensitivity): 'none' (least), 'truncated', 'error' or 'warning' (most), highers level imply lower levels, invalid metadata will always abort. |
+| [options.limitInputPixels] | <code>number</code> \| <code>boolean</code> | <code>268402689</code> | Do not process input images where the number of pixels  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). |
+| [options.unlimited] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (JPEG, PNG, SVG, HEIF). |
+| [options.sequentialRead] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Set this to `false` to use random access rather than sequential read. Some operations will do this automatically. |
+| [options.density] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000. |
+| [options.ignoreIcc] | <code>number</code> | <code>false</code> | should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored. |
+| [options.pages] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages. |
+| [options.page] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based. |
+| [options.subifd] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. |
+| [options.level] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. |
+| [options.animated] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`. |
+| [options.raw] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering. |
+| [options.raw.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
+| [options.raw.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
+| [options.raw.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, between 1 and 4. |
+| [options.raw.premultiplied] | <code>boolean</code> |  | specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`) |
+| [options.create] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new image to be created. |
+| [options.create.width] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels wide. |
+| [options.create.height] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of pixels high. |
+| [options.create.channels] | <code>number</code> |  | integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA). |
+| [options.create.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [options.create.noise] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a noise to be created. |
+| [options.create.noise.type] | <code>string</code> |  | type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported. |
+| [options.create.noise.mean] | <code>number</code> |  | mean of pixels in generated noise. |
+| [options.create.noise.sigma] | <code>number</code> |  | standard deviation of pixels in generated noise. |
+| [options.text] | <code>Object</code> |  | describes a new text image to be created. |
+| [options.text.text] | <code>string</code> |  | text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`. |
+| [options.text.font] | <code>string</code> |  | font name to render with. |
+| [options.text.fontfile] | <code>string</code> |  | absolute filesystem path to a font file that can be used by `font`. |
+| [options.text.width] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | integral number of pixels to word-wrap at. Lines of text wider than this will be broken at word boundaries. |
+| [options.text.height] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | integral number of pixels high. When defined, `dpi` will be ignored and the text will automatically fit the pixel resolution defined by `width` and `height`. Will be ignored if `width` is not specified or set to 0. |
+| [options.text.align] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;left&#x27;&quot;</code> | text alignment (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`). |
+| [options.text.justify] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to apply justification to the text. |
+| [options.text.dpi] | <code>number</code> | <code>72</code> | the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified. |
+| [options.text.rgba] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`. |
+| [options.text.spacing] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified. |
+| [options.text.wrap] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;word&#x27;&quot;</code> | word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'charWord' (prefer char, fallback to word) or 'none'. |
 
-        *   `options.create.width` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels wide.
-        *   `options.create.height` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels high.
-        *   `options.create.channels` **[number][15]?** integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA).
-        *   `options.create.background` **([string][12] | [Object][13])?** parsed by the [color][16] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
-        *   `options.create.noise` **[Object][13]?** describes a noise to be created.
-
-            *   `options.create.noise.type` **[string][12]?** type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
-            *   `options.create.noise.mean` **[number][15]?** mean of pixels in generated noise.
-            *   `options.create.noise.sigma` **[number][15]?** standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('input.jpg')
   .resize(300, 200)
   .toFile('output.jpg', function(err) {
@@ -63,8 +69,8 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
     // containing a scaled and cropped version of input.jpg
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Read image data from readableStream,
 // resize to 300 pixels wide,
 // emit an 'info' event with calculated dimensions
@@ -76,8 +82,8 @@ var transformer = sharp()
   });
 readableStream.pipe(transformer).pipe(writableStream);
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Create a blank 300x200 PNG image of semi-transluent red pixels
 sharp({
   create: {
@@ -91,13 +97,13 @@ sharp({
 .toBuffer()
 .then( ... );
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert an animated GIF to an animated WebP
 await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true }).toFile('out.webp');
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Read a raw array of pixels and save it to a png
 const input = Uint8Array.from([255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0]); // or Uint8ClampedArray
 const image = sharp(input, {
@@ -111,8 +117,8 @@ const image = sharp(input, {
 });
 await image.toFile('my-two-pixels.png');
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Generate RGB Gaussian noise
 await sharp({
   create: {
@@ -127,20 +133,39 @@ await sharp({
  }
 }).toFile('noise.png');
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Generate an image from text
+await sharp({
+  text: {
+    text: 'Hello, world!',
+    width: 400, // max width
+    height: 300 // max height
+  }
+}).toFile('text_bw.png');
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Generate an rgba image from text using pango markup and font
+await sharp({
+  text: {
+    text: '<span foreground="red">Red!</span><span background="cyan">blue</span>',
+    font: 'sans',
+    rgba: true,
+    dpi: 300
+  }
+}).toFile('text_rgba.png');
+```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][17]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **[Sharp][18]** 
 
 ## clone
-
 Take a "snapshot" of the Sharp instance, returning a new instance.
 Cloned instances inherit the input of their parent instance.
 This allows multiple output Streams and therefore multiple processing pipelines to share a single input Stream.
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const pipeline = sharp().rotate();
 pipeline.clone().resize(800, 600).pipe(firstWritableStream);
 pipeline.clone().extract({ left: 20, top: 20, width: 100, height: 100 }).pipe(secondWritableStream);
@@ -148,15 +173,13 @@ readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
 // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
 // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Create a pipeline that will download an image, resize it and format it to different files
 // Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
 const fs = require("fs");
 const got = require("got");
-const sharpStream = sharp({
-  failOnError: false
-});
+const sharpStream = sharp({ failOn: 'none' });
 
 const promises = [];
 
@@ -183,7 +206,7 @@ promises.push(
     .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
 );
 
-// https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+// https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/blob/main/documentation/3-streams.md
 got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
 
 Promise.all(promises)
@@ -196,42 +219,4 @@ Promise.all(promises)
       fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.webp");
     } catch (e) {}
   });
-```
-
-Returns **[Sharp][18]** 
-
-[1]: http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex
-
-[2]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8ClampedArray
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int8Array
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint16Array
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int16Array
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint32Array
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int32Array
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Float32Array
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Float64Array
-
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[15]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[16]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[17]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[18]: #sharp
+```

docs/api-input.md

@@ -1,54 +1,57 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## metadata
-
 Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed pixel data.
 
-This is taken from the header of the input image.
-It does not include operations, such as resize, to be applied to the output image.
+This is read from the header of the input image.
+It does not take into consideration any operations to be applied to the output image,
+such as resize or rotate.
+
+Dimensions in the response will respect the `page` and `pages` properties of the
+[constructor parameters](/api-constructor#parameters).
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-*   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
-*   `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
-*   `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
-*   `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
-*   `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][1]
-*   `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
-*   `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...][2]
-*   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
-*   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
-*   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
-*   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
-*   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
-*   `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
-*   `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
-*   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
-*   `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
-*   `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
-*   `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
-*   `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
-*   `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
-*   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
-*   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
-*   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
-*   `exif`: Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present
-*   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
-*   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
-*   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
-*   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
+- `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
+- `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
+- `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration, see example below)
+- `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration, see example below)
+- `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation)
+- `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
+- `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat)
+- `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
+- `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
+- `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
+- `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+- `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+- `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+- `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
+- `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
+- `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
+- `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
+- `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
+- `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
+- `resolutionUnit`: The unit of resolution (density), either `inch` or `cm`, if present
+- `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
+- `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
+- `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
+- `exif`: Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present
+- `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC](https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc) profile data, if present
+- `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
+- `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+- `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
+- `formatMagick`: String containing format for images loaded via *magick
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
 
-### Examples
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [callback] | <code>function</code> | called with the arguments `(err, metadata)` |
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const metadata = await sharp(input).metadata();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const image = sharp(inputJpg);
 image
   .metadata()
@@ -62,40 +65,51 @@ image
     // data contains a WebP image half the width and height of the original JPEG
   });
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Based on EXIF rotation metadata, get the right-side-up width and height:
+
+const size = getNormalSize(await sharp(input).metadata());
+
+function getNormalSize({ width, height, orientation }) {
+  return (orientation || 0) >= 5
+    ? { width: height, height: width }
+    : { width, height };
+}
+```
 
-Returns **([Promise][5]<[Object][6]> | Sharp)** 
 
 ## stats
-
 Access to pixel-derived image statistics for every channel in the image.
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-*   `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
-    *   `min` (minimum value in the channel)
-    *   `max` (maximum value in the channel)
-    *   `sum` (sum of all values in a channel)
-    *   `squaresSum` (sum of squared values in a channel)
-    *   `mean` (mean of the values in a channel)
-    *   `stdev` (standard deviation for the values in a channel)
-    *   `minX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
-    *   `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
-    *   `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
-    *   `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
-*   `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
-*   `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
-*   `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
-*   `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram (experimental)
+- `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
+    - `min` (minimum value in the channel)
+    - `max` (maximum value in the channel)
+    - `sum` (sum of all values in a channel)
+    - `squaresSum` (sum of squared values in a channel)
+    - `mean` (mean of the values in a channel)
+    - `stdev` (standard deviation for the values in a channel)
+    - `minX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
+    - `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
+    - `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
+    - `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
+- `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
+- `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any.
+- `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any.
+- `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram.
 
 **Note**: Statistics are derived from the original input image. Any operations performed on the image must first be
 written to a buffer in order to run `stats` on the result (see third example).
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
 
-### Examples
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [callback] | <code>function</code> | called with the arguments `(err, stats)` |
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const image = sharp(inputJpg);
 image
   .stats()
@@ -103,30 +117,16 @@ image
      // stats contains the channel-wise statistics array and the isOpaque value
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const { entropy, sharpness, dominant } = await sharp(input).stats();
 const { r, g, b } = dominant;
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const image = sharp(input);
 // store intermediate result
 const part = await image.extract(region).toBuffer();
 // create new instance to obtain statistics of extracted region
 const stats = await sharp(part).stats();
-```
-
-Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** 
-
-[1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation
-
-[2]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat
-
-[3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/icc
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+```

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## rotate
-
 Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle
 or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
 
@@ -16,19 +13,26 @@ Mirroring is supported and may infer the use of a flip operation.
 
 The use of `rotate` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
-Method order is important when both rotating and extracting regions,
-for example `rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `extract(y).rotate(x)`.
+Only one rotation can occur per pipeline.
+Previous calls to `rotate` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
 
-### Parameters
+Method order is important when rotating, resizing and/or extracting regions,
+for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract(y).rotate(x)`.
 
-*   `angle` **[number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
 
-    *   `options.background` **([string][3] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [angle] | <code>number</code> | <code>auto</code> | angle of rotation. |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | if present, is an Object with optional attributes. |
+| [options.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;\&quot;#000000\&quot;&quot;</code> | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 const pipeline = sharp()
   .rotate()
   .resize(null, 200)
@@ -39,35 +43,52 @@ const pipeline = sharp()
   });
 readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const rotateThenResize = await sharp(input)
+  .rotate(90)
+  .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+  .toBuffer();
+const resizeThenRotate = await sharp(input)
+  .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+  .rotate(90)
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## flip
-
-Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
+Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs before rotation, if any.
 The use of `flip` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `flip` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [flip] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | 
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).flip().toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## flop
-
-Flop the image about the horizontal X axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
+Flop the image about the horizontal X axis. This always occurs before rotation, if any.
 The use of `flop` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `flop` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [flop] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | 
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).flop().toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## affine
-
 Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
 
 You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
@@ -75,31 +96,34 @@ By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a bac
 A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolator` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolator.nohalo`.
 
 In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
-
-*   X = `matrix[0, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[0, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `odx`
-*   Y = `matrix[1, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[1, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `ody`
+- X = `matrix[0, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[0, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `odx`
+- Y = `matrix[1, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[1, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `ody`
 
 where:
+- x and y are the coordinates in input image.
+- X and Y are the coordinates in output image.
+- (0,0) is the upper left corner.
 
-*   x and y are the coordinates in input image.
-*   X and Y are the coordinates in output image.
-*   (0,0) is the upper left corner.
 
-### Parameters
+**Throws**:
 
-*   `matrix` **([Array][7]<[Array][7]<[number][1]>> | [Array][7]<[number][1]>)** affine transformation matrix
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-    *   `options.background` **([String][3] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
-    *   `options.idx` **[Number][1]** input horizontal offset (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.idy` **[Number][1]** input vertical offset (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.odx` **[Number][1]** output horizontal offset (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.ody` **[Number][1]** output vertical offset (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.interpolator` **[String][3]** interpolator (optional, default `sharp.interpolators.bicubic`)
+**Since**: 0.27.0  
 
-### Examples
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| matrix | <code>Array.&lt;Array.&lt;number&gt;&gt;</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | affine transformation matrix |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | if present, is an Object with optional attributes. |
+| [options.background] | <code>String</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;#000000&quot;</code> | parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. |
+| [options.idx] | <code>Number</code> | <code>0</code> | input horizontal offset |
+| [options.idy] | <code>Number</code> | <code>0</code> | input vertical offset |
+| [options.odx] | <code>Number</code> | <code>0</code> | output horizontal offset |
+| [options.ody] | <code>Number</code> | <code>0</code> | output vertical offset |
+| [options.interpolator] | <code>String</code> | <code>sharp.interpolators.bicubic</code> | interpolator |
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const pipeline = sharp()
   .affine([[1, 0.3], [0.1, 0.7]], {
      background: 'white',
@@ -114,102 +138,134 @@ inputStream
   .pipe(pipeline);
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.27.0
 
 ## sharpen
-
 Sharpen the image.
+
 When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild sharpen of the output image.
+
 When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
-Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is available.
+Fine-grained control over the level of sharpening in "flat" (m1) and "jagged" (m2) areas is available.
 
-### Parameters
+See [libvips sharpen](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/libvips-convolution.html#vips-sharpen) operation.
 
-*   `sigma` **[number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
-*   `flat` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
-*   `jagged` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
 
-<!---->
+**Throws**:
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> \| <code>number</code> |  | if present, is an Object with attributes |
+| [options.sigma] | <code>number</code> |  | the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`, between 0.000001 and 10 |
+| [options.m1] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas, between 0 and 1000000 |
+| [options.m2] | <code>number</code> | <code>2.0</code> | the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas, between 0 and 1000000 |
+| [options.x1] | <code>number</code> | <code>2.0</code> | threshold between "flat" and "jagged", between 0 and 1000000 |
+| [options.y2] | <code>number</code> | <code>10.0</code> | maximum amount of brightening, between 0 and 1000000 |
+| [options.y3] | <code>number</code> | <code>20.0</code> | maximum amount of darkening, between 0 and 1000000 |
+| [flat] | <code>number</code> |  | (deprecated) see `options.m1`. |
+| [jagged] | <code>number</code> |  | (deprecated) see `options.m2`. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input).sharpen().toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input).sharpen({ sigma: 2 }).toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .sharpen({
+    sigma: 2,
+    m1: 0,
+    m2: 3,
+    x1: 3,
+    y2: 15,
+    y3: 15,
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## median
-
 Apply median filter.
 When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `size` **[number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [size] | <code>number</code> | <code>3</code> | square mask size: size x size |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).median().toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input).median(5).toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## blur
-
 Blur the image.
 
 When used without parameters, performs a fast 3x3 box blur (equivalent to a box linear filter).
 
 When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `sigma` **[number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [sigma] | <code>number</code> | a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 const boxBlurred = await sharp(input)
   .blur()
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const gaussianBlurred = await sharp(input)
   .blur(5)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## flatten
-
 Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background, then remove the alpha channel.
 
-See also [removeAlpha][8].
+See also [removeAlpha](/api-channel#removealpha).
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
 
-    *   `options.background` **([string][3] | [Object][2])** background colour, parsed by the [color][4] module, defaults to black. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0}`)
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}&quot;</code> | background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black. |
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 await sharp(rgbaInput)
   .flatten({ background: '#F0A703' })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## gamma
-
 Apply a gamma correction by reducing the encoding (darken) pre-resize at a factor of `1/gamma`
 then increasing the encoding (brighten) post-resize at a factor of `gamma`.
 This can improve the perceived brightness of a resized image in non-linear colour spaces.
@@ -218,93 +274,143 @@ when applying a gamma correction.
 
 Supply a second argument to use a different output gamma value, otherwise the first value is used in both cases.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `gamma` **[number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
-*   `gammaOut` **[number][1]?** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [gamma] | <code>number</code> | <code>2.2</code> | value between 1.0 and 3.0. |
+| [gammaOut] | <code>number</code> |  | value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`) |
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## negate
-
 Produce the "negative" of the image.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
 
-    *   `options.alpha` **[Boolean][6]** Whether or not to negate any alpha channel (optional, default `true`)
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.alpha] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Whether or not to negate any alpha channel |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .negate()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .negate({ alpha: false })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## normalise
+Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover a full dynamic range.
 
-Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover the full dynamic range.
+Uses a histogram-based approach, taking a default range of 1% to 99% to reduce sensitivity to noise at the extremes.
 
-### Parameters
+Luminance values below the `lower` percentile will be underexposed by clipping to zero.
+Luminance values above the `upper` percentile will be overexposed by clipping to the max pixel value.
 
-*   `normalise` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.lower] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | Percentile below which luminance values will be underexposed. |
+| [options.upper] | <code>number</code> | <code>99</code> | Percentile above which luminance values will be overexposed. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .normalise()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .normalise({ lower: 0, upper: 100 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## normalize
-
 Alternative spelling of normalise.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `normalize` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.lower] | <code>number</code> | <code>1</code> | Percentile below which luminance values will be underexposed. |
+| [options.upper] | <code>number</code> | <code>99</code> | Percentile above which luminance values will be overexposed. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .normalize()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## clahe
-
 Perform contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization
-[CLAHE][9].
+[CLAHE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_histogram_equalization#Contrast_Limited_AHE).
 
 This will, in general, enhance the clarity of the image by bringing out darker details.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][2]** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.width` **[number][1]** integer width of the region in pixels.
-    *   `options.height` **[number][1]** integer height of the region in pixels.
-    *   `options.maxSlope` **[number][1]** maximum value for the slope of the
-        cumulative histogram. A value of 0 disables contrast limiting. Valid values
-        are integers in the range 0-100 (inclusive) (optional, default `3`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-<!---->
+**Since**: 0.28.3  
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| options | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| options.width | <code>number</code> |  | Integral width of the search window, in pixels. |
+| options.height | <code>number</code> |  | Integral height of the search window, in pixels. |
+| [options.maxSlope] | <code>number</code> | <code>3</code> | Integral level of brightening, between 0 and 100, where 0 disables contrast limiting. |
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+**Example**  
+```js
+const output = await sharp(input)
+  .clahe({
+    width: 3,
+    height: 3,
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.28.3
 
 ## convolve
-
 Convolve the image with the specified kernel.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `kernel` **[Object][2]** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `kernel.width` **[number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    *   `kernel.height` **[number][1]** height of the kernel in pixels.
-    *   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]<[number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
-    *   `kernel.scale` **[number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
-    *   `kernel.offset` **[number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| kernel | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| kernel.width | <code>number</code> |  | width of the kernel in pixels. |
+| kernel.height | <code>number</code> |  | height of the kernel in pixels. |
+| kernel.kernel | <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values. |
+| [kernel.scale] | <code>number</code> | <code>sum</code> | the scale of the kernel in pixels. |
+| [kernel.offset] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | the offset of the kernel in pixels. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .convolve({
     width: 3,
@@ -318,79 +424,99 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## threshold
-
 Any pixel value greater than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `threshold` **[number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][6]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-<!---->
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [threshold] | <code>number</code> | <code>128</code> | a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.greyscale] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | convert to single channel greyscale. |
+| [options.grayscale] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | alternative spelling for greyscale. |
+
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## boolean
-
 Perform a bitwise boolean operation with operand image.
 
 This operation creates an output image where each pixel is the result of
 the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the input images.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `operand` **([Buffer][10] | [string][3])** Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file.
-*   `operator` **[string][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.raw` **[Object][2]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-        *   `options.raw.width` **[number][1]?** 
-        *   `options.raw.height` **[number][1]?** 
-        *   `options.raw.channels` **[number][1]?** 
 
-<!---->
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| operand | <code>Buffer</code> \| <code>string</code> | Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file. |
+| operator | <code>string</code> | one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively. |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |
+| [options.raw] | <code>Object</code> | describes operand when using raw pixel data. |
+| [options.raw.width] | <code>number</code> |  |
+| [options.raw.height] | <code>number</code> |  |
+| [options.raw.channels] | <code>number</code> |  |
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## linear
+Apply the linear formula `a` * input + `b` to the image to adjust image levels.
 
-Apply the linear formula a \* input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
+When a single number is provided, it will be used for all image channels.
+When an array of numbers is provided, the array length must match the number of channels.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `a` **[number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
-*   `b` **[number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [a] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> | <code>[]</code> | multiplier |
+| [b] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> | <code>[]</code> | offset |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+await sharp(input)
+  .linear(0.5, 2)
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+await sharp(rgbInput)
+  .linear(
+    [0.25, 0.5, 0.75],
+    [150, 100, 50]
+  )
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
 
 ## recomb
-
 Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `inputMatrix` **[Array][7]<[Array][7]<[number][1]>>** 3x3 Recombination matrix
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+**Since**: 0.21.1  
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| inputMatrix | <code>Array.&lt;Array.&lt;number&gt;&gt;</code> | 3x3 Recombination matrix |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .recomb([
    [0.3588, 0.7044, 0.1368],
@@ -404,78 +530,58 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.21.1
 
 ## modulate
-
 Transforms the image using brightness, saturation, hue rotation, and lightness.
 Brightness and lightness both operate on luminance, with the difference being that
 brightness is multiplicative whereas lightness is additive.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+**Since**: 0.22.1  
 
-    *   `options.brightness` **[number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
-    *   `options.saturation` **[number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
-    *   `options.hue` **[number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
-    *   `options.lightness` **[number][1]?** Lightness addend
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |
+| [options.brightness] | <code>number</code> | Brightness multiplier |
+| [options.saturation] | <code>number</code> | Saturation multiplier |
+| [options.hue] | <code>number</code> | Degrees for hue rotation |
+| [options.lightness] | <code>number</code> | Lightness addend |
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-sharp(input)
+**Example**  
+```js
+// increase brightness by a factor of 2
+const output = await sharp(input)
   .modulate({
-    brightness: 2 // increase brightness by a factor of 2
-  });
-
-sharp(input)
+    brightness: 2
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// hue-rotate by 180 degrees
+const output = await sharp(input)
   .modulate({
-    hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
-  });
-
-sharp(input)
+    hue: 180
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// increase lightness by +50
+const output = await sharp(input)
   .modulate({
-    lightness: 50 // increase lightness by +50
-  });
-
+    lightness: 50
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
 // decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
-sharp(input)
+const output = await sharp(input)
   .modulate({
     brightness: 0.5,
     saturation: 0.5,
-    hue: 90
-  });
-```
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.22.1
-
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[4]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[8]: /api-channel#removealpha
-
-[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_histogram_equalization#Contrast_Limited_AHE
-
-[10]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+    hue: 90,
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```

docs/api-output.md

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## toFile
-
 Write output image data to a file.
 
 If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the extension,
@@ -9,88 +6,90 @@ with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
 By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
-See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
+See [withMetadata](#withMetadata) for control over this.
 
 The caller is responsible for ensuring directory structures and permissions exist.
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `fileOut` **[string][2]** the path to write the image data to.
-*   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
-    `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
-    `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
-    When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+**Returns**: <code>Promise.&lt;Object&gt;</code> - - when no callback is provided  
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| fileOut | <code>string</code> | the path to write the image data to. |
+| [callback] | <code>function</code> | called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`. `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`, `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used). When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`. When using the attention crop strategy also contains `attentionX` and `attentionY`, the focal point of the cropped region. May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .toFile('output.png', (err, info) => { ... });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .toFile('output.png')
   .then(info => { ... })
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
-
 Write output to a Buffer.
 JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and raw pixel data output are supported.
 
+Use [toFormat](#toFormat) or one of the format-specific functions such as [jpeg](#jpeg), [png](#png) etc. to set the output format.
+
 If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except SVG input which becomes PNG output.
 
 By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
-See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
+See [withMetadata](#withMetadata) for control over this.
 
 `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
-
-*   `err` is an error, if any.
-*   `data` is the output image data.
-*   `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
-
+- `err` is an error, if any.
+- `data` is the output image data.
+- `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
 `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
 When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+**Returns**: <code>Promise.&lt;Buffer&gt;</code> - - when no callback is provided  
 
-    *   `options.resolveWithObject` **[boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
-*   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |
+| [options.resolveWithObject] | <code>boolean</code> | Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`. |
+| [callback] | <code>function</code> |  |
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .toBuffer((err, data, info) => { ... });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .toBuffer()
   .then(data => { ... })
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
+  .png()
   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
   .then(({ data, info }) => { ... })
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const { data, info } = await sharp('my-image.jpg')
   // output the raw pixels
   .raw()
@@ -107,10 +106,8 @@ await sharp(pixelArray, { raw: { width, height, channels } })
   .toFile('my-changed-image.jpg');
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][5]<[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
-
 Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
 This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile unless a custom
 output profile is provided.
@@ -118,25 +115,31 @@ output profile is provided.
 The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
 sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
 
-### Parameters
+EXIF metadata is unsupported for TIFF output.
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
 
-    *   `options.orientation` **[number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
-    *   `options.icc` **[string][2]?** filesystem path to output ICC profile, defaults to sRGB.
-    *   `options.exif` **[Object][6]<[Object][6]>** Object keyed by IFD0, IFD1 etc. of key/value string pairs to write as EXIF data. (optional, default `{}`)
-    *   `options.density` **[number][9]?** Number of pixels per inch (DPI).
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.orientation] | <code>number</code> |  | value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag. |
+| [options.icc] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;srgb&#x27;&quot;</code> | Filesystem path to output ICC profile, relative to `process.cwd()`, defaults to built-in sRGB. |
+| [options.exif] | <code>Object.&lt;Object&gt;</code> | <code>{}</code> | Object keyed by IFD0, IFD1 etc. of key/value string pairs to write as EXIF data. |
+| [options.density] | <code>number</code> |  | Number of pixels per inch (DPI). |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('input.jpg')
   .withMetadata()
   .toFile('output-with-metadata.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Set "IFD0-Copyright" in output EXIF metadata
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .withMetadata({
@@ -148,65 +151,66 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Set output metadata to 96 DPI
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .withMetadata({ density: 96 })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## toFormat
-
 Force output to a given format.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `format` **([string][2] | [Object][6])** as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute
-*   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> unsupported format or options
 
-```javascript
+
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| format | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute |
+| options | <code>Object</code> | output options |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert any input to PNG output
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .toFormat('png')
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## jpeg
-
 Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    *   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    *   `options.optimiseCoding` **[boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `options.optimizeCoding` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `options.mozjpeg` **[boolean][7]** use mozjpeg defaults, equivalent to `{ trellisQuantisation: true, overshootDeringing: true, optimiseScans: true, quantisationTable: 3 }` (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.overshootDeringing` **[boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.optimiseScans` **[boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.optimizeScans` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.quantisationTable` **[number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8 (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.quantizationTable` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>80</code> | quality, integer 1-100 |
+| [options.progressive] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use progressive (interlace) scan |
+| [options.chromaSubsampling] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;4:2:0&#x27;&quot;</code> | set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' chroma subsampling |
+| [options.optimiseCoding] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | optimise Huffman coding tables |
+| [options.optimizeCoding] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | alternative spelling of optimiseCoding |
+| [options.mozjpeg] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use mozjpeg defaults, equivalent to `{ trellisQuantisation: true, overshootDeringing: true, optimiseScans: true, quantisationTable: 3 }` |
+| [options.trellisQuantisation] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | apply trellis quantisation |
+| [options.overshootDeringing] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | apply overshoot deringing |
+| [options.optimiseScans] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | optimise progressive scans, forces progressive |
+| [options.optimizeScans] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | alternative spelling of optimiseScans |
+| [options.quantisationTable] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | quantization table to use, integer 0-8 |
+| [options.quantizationTable] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | alternative spelling of quantisationTable |
+| [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert any input to very high quality JPEG output
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .jpeg({
@@ -215,219 +219,186 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Use mozjpeg to reduce output JPEG file size (slower)
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .jpeg({ mozjpeg: true })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## png
-
 Use these PNG options for output image.
 
 By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
 Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
 Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.compressionLevel` **[number][9]** zlib compression level, 0 (fastest, largest) to 9 (slowest, smallest) (optional, default `6`)
-    *   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.palette` **[boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `100`)
-    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest), sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `7`)
-    *   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `1.0`)
-    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.progressive] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use progressive (interlace) scan |
+| [options.compressionLevel] | <code>number</code> | <code>6</code> | zlib compression level, 0 (fastest, largest) to 9 (slowest, smallest) |
+| [options.adaptiveFiltering] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use adaptive row filtering |
+| [options.palette] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>100</code> | use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true` |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>7</code> | CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest), sets `palette` to `true` |
+| [options.colours] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true` |
+| [options.colors] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true` |
+| [options.dither] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true` |
+| [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert any input to full colour PNG output
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .png()
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert any input to indexed PNG output (slower)
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .png({ palette: true })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## webp
-
 Use these WebP options for output image.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    *   `options.alphaQuality` **[number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.nearLossless` **[boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.smartSubsample` **[boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
-    *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.delay` **([number][9] | [Array][10]<[number][9]>)?** delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
-    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>80</code> | quality, integer 1-100 |
+| [options.alphaQuality] | <code>number</code> | <code>100</code> | quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 |
+| [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression mode |
+| [options.nearLossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use near_lossless compression mode |
+| [options.smartSubsample] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use high quality chroma subsampling |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest) |
+| [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
+| [options.delay] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds) |
+| [options.minSize] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | prevent use of animation key frames to minimise file size (slow) |
+| [options.mixed] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | allow mixture of lossy and lossless animation frames (slow) |
+| [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert any input to lossless WebP output
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .webp({ lossless: true })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Optimise the file size of an animated WebP
 const outputWebp = await sharp(inputWebp, { animated: true })
   .webp({ effort: 6 })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## gif
-
 Use these GIF options for the output image.
 
 The first entry in the palette is reserved for transparency.
 
-### Parameters
+The palette of the input image will be re-used if possible.
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
 
-    *   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, including transparency, between 2 and 256 (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours` (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest) (optional, default `7`)
-    *   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) (optional, default `1.0`)
-    *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.delay` **([number][9] | [Array][10]<[number][9]>)?** delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
-    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+**Throws**:
 
-### Examples
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-```javascript
+**Since**: 0.30.0  
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.reuse] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | re-use existing palette, otherwise generate new (slow) |
+| [options.progressive] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use progressive (interlace) scan |
+| [options.colours] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | maximum number of palette entries, including transparency, between 2 and 256 |
+| [options.colors] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | alternative spelling of `options.colours` |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>7</code> | CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest) |
+| [options.dither] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most) |
+| [options.interFrameMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32 |
+| [options.interPaletteMaxError] | <code>number</code> | <code>3</code> | maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256 |
+| [options.loop] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation |
+| [options.delay] | <code>number</code> \| <code>Array.&lt;number&gt;</code> |  | delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds) |
+| [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert PNG to GIF
 await sharp(pngBuffer)
   .gif()
-  .toBuffer());
+  .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert animated WebP to animated GIF
 await sharp('animated.webp', { animated: true })
   .toFile('animated.gif');
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Create a 128x128, cropped, non-dithered, animated thumbnail of an animated GIF
 const out = await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true })
   .resize({ width: 128, height: 128 })
   .gif({ dither: 0 })
   .toBuffer();
 ```
-
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.30.0
-
-## jp2
-
-Use these JP2 options for output image.
-
-Requires libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG.
-The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
-[installing a custom libvips][11].
-
-### Parameters
-
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.tileWidth` **[number][9]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `512`)
-    *   `options.tileHeight` **[number][9]** vertical tile size (optional, default `512`)
-    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-// Convert any input to lossless JP2 output
-const data = await sharp(input)
-  .jp2({ lossless: true })
-  .toBuffer();
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Lossy file size reduction of animated GIF
+await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true })
+  .gif({ interFrameMaxError: 8 })
+  .toFile('optim.gif');
 ```
 
-```javascript
-// Convert any input to very high quality JP2 output
-const data = await sharp(input)
-  .jp2({
-    quality: 100,
-    chromaSubsampling: '4:4:4'
-  })
-  .toBuffer();
-```
-
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.29.1
 
 ## tiff
-
 Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
-The `density` can be set in pixels/inch via [withMetadata][1] instead of providing `xres` and `yres` in pixels/mm.
+The `density` can be set in pixels/inch via [withMetadata](#withMetadata) instead of providing `xres` and `yres` in pixels/mm.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    *   `options.compression` **[string][2]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    *   `options.predictor` **[string][2]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    *   `options.pyramid` **[boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.tile` **[boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.tileWidth` **[number][9]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.tileHeight` **[number][9]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.xres` **[number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    *   `options.yres` **[number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    *   `options.resolutionUnit` **[string][2]** resolution unit options: inch, cm (optional, default `'inch'`)
-    *   `options.bitdepth` **[number][9]** reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit (optional, default `8`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>80</code> | quality, integer 1-100 |
+| [options.force] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format |
+| [options.compression] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;jpeg&#x27;&quot;</code> | compression options: none, jpeg, deflate, packbits, ccittfax4, lzw, webp, zstd, jp2k |
+| [options.predictor] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;horizontal&#x27;&quot;</code> | compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float |
+| [options.pyramid] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | write an image pyramid |
+| [options.tile] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | write a tiled tiff |
+| [options.tileWidth] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | horizontal tile size |
+| [options.tileHeight] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | vertical tile size |
+| [options.xres] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | horizontal resolution in pixels/mm |
+| [options.yres] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | vertical resolution in pixels/mm |
+| [options.resolutionUnit] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;inch&#x27;&quot;</code> | resolution unit options: inch, cm |
+| [options.bitdepth] | <code>number</code> | <code>8</code> | reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Convert SVG input to LZW-compressed, 1 bit per pixel TIFF output
 sharp('input.svg')
   .tiff({
@@ -438,12 +409,8 @@ sharp('input.svg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## avif
-
 Use these AVIF options for output image.
 
 Whilst it is possible to create AVIF images smaller than 16x16 pixels,
@@ -451,74 +418,119 @@ most web browsers do not display these properly.
 
 AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
-    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
-    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-<!---->
+**Since**: 0.27.0  
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>50</code> | quality, integer 1-100 |
+| [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
+| [options.chromaSubsampling] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;4:4:4&#x27;&quot;</code> | set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling |
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .avif({ effort: 2 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .avif({ lossless: true })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.27.0
 
 ## heif
-
 Use these HEIF options for output image.
 
-Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images requires the use of a
+Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images using `hevc` compression requires the use of a
 globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
-    *   `options.compression` **[string][2]** compression format: av1, hevc (optional, default `'av1'`)
-    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.effort` **[number][9]** CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) (optional, default `4`)
-    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-<!---->
+**Since**: 0.23.0  
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> | <code>50</code> | quality, integer 1-100 |
+| [options.compression] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;av1&#x27;&quot;</code> | compression format: av1, hevc |
+| [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>4</code> | CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
+| [options.chromaSubsampling] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;4:4:4&#x27;&quot;</code> | set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling |
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+**Example**  
+```js
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .heif({ compression: 'hevc' })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+
+## jxl
+Use these JPEG-XL (JXL) options for output image.
+
+This feature is experimental, please do not use in production systems.
+
+Requires libvips compiled with support for libjxl.
+The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+[installing a custom libvips](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips).
+
+Image metadata (EXIF, XMP) is unsupported.
+
+
+**Throws**:
+
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
+
+**Since**: 0.31.3  
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.distance] | <code>number</code> | <code>1.0</code> | maximum encoding error, between 0 (highest quality) and 15 (lowest quality) |
+| [options.quality] | <code>number</code> |  | calculate `distance` based on JPEG-like quality, between 1 and 100, overrides distance if specified |
+| [options.decodingTier] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | target decode speed tier, between 0 (highest quality) and 4 (lowest quality) |
+| [options.lossless] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | use lossless compression |
+| [options.effort] | <code>number</code> | <code>7</code> | CPU effort, between 3 (fastest) and 9 (slowest) |
 
-**Meta**
 
-*   **since**: 0.23.0
 
 ## raw
-
 Force output to be raw, uncompressed pixel data.
 Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
 Channel ordering will be RGB or RGBA for non-greyscale colourspaces.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.depth` **[string][2]** bit depth, one of: char, uchar (default), short, ushort, int, uint, float, complex, double, dpcomplex (optional, default `'uchar'`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid options
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  | output options |
+| [options.depth] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;uchar&#x27;&quot;</code> | bit depth, one of: char, uchar (default), short, ushort, int, uint, float, complex, double, dpcomplex |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Extract raw, unsigned 8-bit RGB pixel data from JPEG input
 const { data, info } = await sharp('input.jpg')
   .raw()
   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Extract alpha channel as raw, unsigned 16-bit pixel data from PNG input
 const data = await sharp('input.png')
   .ensureAlpha()
@@ -528,33 +540,43 @@ const data = await sharp('input.png')
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 ## tile
-
 Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
+
 Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
 Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed archive file format.
 
-### Parameters
+The container will be set to `zip` when the output is a Buffer or Stream, otherwise it will default to `fs`.
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+Requires libvips compiled with support for libgsf.
+The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+[installing a custom libvips](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips).
 
-    *   `options.size` **[number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    *   `options.overlap` **[number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.angle` **[number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `options.background` **([string][2] | [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][12] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
-    *   `options.depth` **[string][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
-    *   `options.skipBlanks` **[number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
-    *   `options.container` **[string][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    *   `options.layout` **[string][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
-    *   `options.centre` **[boolean][7]** centre image in tile. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.center` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of centre. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.id` **[string][2]** when `layout` is `iiif`/`iiif3`, sets the `@id`/`id` attribute of `info.json` (optional, default `'https://example.com/iiif'`)
 
-### Examples
+**Throws**:
 
-```javascript
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
+
+
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.size] | <code>number</code> | <code>256</code> | tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. |
+| [options.overlap] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. |
+| [options.angle] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> | tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. |
+| [options.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;{r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}&quot;</code> | background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency. |
+| [options.depth] | <code>string</code> |  | how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout. |
+| [options.skipBlanks] | <code>number</code> | <code>-1</code> | threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images |
+| [options.container] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;fs&#x27;&quot;</code> | tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). |
+| [options.layout] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;dz&#x27;&quot;</code> | filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `iiif3`, `zoomify` or `google`. |
+| [options.centre] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | centre image in tile. |
+| [options.center] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | alternative spelling of centre. |
+| [options.id] | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;https://example.com/iiif&#x27;&quot;</code> | when `layout` is `iiif`/`iiif3`, sets the `@id`/`id` attribute of `info.json` |
+| [options.basename] | <code>string</code> |  | the name of the directory within the zip file when container is `zip`. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp('input.tiff')
   .png()
   .tile({
@@ -565,51 +587,45 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
     // output_files contains 512x512 tiles grouped by zoom level
   });
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const zipFileWithTiles = await sharp(input)
+  .tile({ basename: "tiles" })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+const iiififier = sharp().tile({ layout: "iiif" });
+readableStream
+  .pipe(iiififier)
+  .pipe(writeableStream);
+```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## timeout
-
 Set a timeout for processing, in seconds.
 Use a value of zero to continue processing indefinitely, the default behaviour.
 
 The clock starts when libvips opens an input image for processing.
 Time spent waiting for a libuv thread to become available is not included.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][6]** 
+**Since**: 0.29.2  
 
-    *   `options.seconds` **[number][9]** Number of seconds after which processing will be stopped
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| options | <code>Object</code> |  |
+| options.seconds | <code>number</code> | Number of seconds after which processing will be stopped |
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
-
-**Meta**
-
-*   **since**: 0.29.2
-
-[1]: #withmetadata
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function
-
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
-
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise
-
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
-
-[11]: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips
-
-[12]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Ensure processing takes no longer than 3 seconds
+try {
+  const data = await sharp(input)
+    .blur(1000)
+    .timeout({ seconds: 3 })
+    .toBuffer();
+} catch (err) {
+  if (err.message.includes('timeout')) { ... }
+}
+```

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -1,60 +1,62 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
 ## resize
-
 Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
 
 When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
+- `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, attempt to ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+- `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
+- `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
+- `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
+- `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
 
-*   `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
-*   `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
-*   `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
-*   `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
-*   `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
 
-Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
+<img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/api-resize-fit.png">
 
-When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
+When using a **fit** of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
+- `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
+- `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
+- `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
 
-*   `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
-*   `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
-*   `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
-
-Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
+Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
 
 The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
 then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
-
-*   `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy][3].
-*   `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
+- `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29).
+- `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
 
 Possible interpolation kernels are:
+- `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation).
+- `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline).
+- `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline](https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf).
+- `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
+- `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
 
-*   `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation][4].
-*   `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline][5].
-*   `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline][6].
-*   `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel][7] with `a=2`.
-*   `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
+Only one resize can occur per pipeline.
+Previous calls to `resize` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `width` **[number][8]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
-*   `height` **[number][8]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
-*   `options` **[Object][9]?** 
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.width` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
-    *   `options.height` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
-    *   `options.fit` **[String][10]** how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. (optional, default `'cover'`)
-    *   `options.position` **[String][10]** position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    *   `options.background` **([String][10] | [Object][9])** background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
-    *   `options.kernel` **[String][10]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
-    *   `options.withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][12]** do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.withoutReduction` **[Boolean][12]** do not reduce if the width *or* height are already greater than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
-    *   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][12]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [width] | <code>number</code> |  | How many pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height. |
+| [height] | <code>number</code> |  | How many pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width. |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> |  |  |
+| [options.width] | <code>number</code> |  | An alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this takes priority. |
+| [options.height] | <code>number</code> |  | An alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this takes priority. |
+| [options.fit] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;cover&#x27;</code> | How the image should be resized/cropped to fit the target dimension(s), one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. |
+| [options.position] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;centre&#x27;</code> | A position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. |
+| [options.background] | <code>String</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}</code> | background colour when `fit` is `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency. |
+| [options.kernel] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;lanczos3&#x27;</code> | The kernel to use for image reduction. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load. |
+| [options.withoutEnlargement] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Do not scale up if the width *or* height are already less than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. This may result in output dimensions smaller than the target dimensions. |
+| [options.withoutReduction] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>false</code> | Do not scale down if the width *or* height are already greater than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. This may still result in a crop to reach the target dimensions. |
+| [options.fastShrinkOnLoad] | <code>Boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern or round-down of an auto-scaled dimension. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .resize({ width: 100 })
   .toBuffer()
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ sharp(input)
     // 100 pixels wide, auto-scaled height
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .resize({ height: 100 })
   .toBuffer()
@@ -71,8 +73,8 @@ sharp(input)
     // 100 pixels high, auto-scaled width
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .resize(200, 300, {
     kernel: sharp.kernel.nearest,
@@ -87,8 +89,8 @@ sharp(input)
     // contained within the north-east corner of a semi-transparent white canvas
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const transformer = sharp()
   .resize({
     width: 200,
@@ -102,8 +104,8 @@ readableStream
   .pipe(transformer)
   .pipe(writableStream);
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .resize(200, 200, {
     fit: sharp.fit.inside,
@@ -117,8 +119,8 @@ sharp(input)
     // and no larger than the input image
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .resize(200, 200, {
     fit: sharp.fit.outside,
@@ -132,8 +134,8 @@ sharp(input)
     // and no smaller than the input image
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
   .metadata()
   .then(({ width }) => sharp(input)
@@ -142,28 +144,30 @@ const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
   );
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## extend
-
-Extends/pads the edges of the image with the provided background colour.
+Extend / pad / extrude one or more edges of the image with either
+the provided background colour or pixels derived from the image.
 This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `extend` **([number][8] | [Object][9])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `extend.top` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `extend.left` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `extend.bottom` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `extend.right` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
-    *   `extend.background` **([String][10] | [Object][9])** background colour, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| extend | <code>number</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts |
+| [extend.top] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> |  |
+| [extend.left] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> |  |
+| [extend.bottom] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> |  |
+| [extend.right] | <code>number</code> | <code>0</code> |  |
+| [extend.extendWith] | <code>String</code> | <code>&#x27;background&#x27;</code> | populate new pixels using this method, one of: background, copy, repeat, mirror. |
+| [extend.background] | <code>String</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>{r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}</code> | background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency. |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Resize to 140 pixels wide, then add 10 transparent pixels
 // to the top, left and right edges and 20 to the bottom edge
 sharp(input)
@@ -177,8 +181,8 @@ sharp(input)
   })
   ...
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 // Add a row of 10 red pixels to the bottom
 sharp(input)
   .extend({
@@ -187,39 +191,49 @@ sharp(input)
   })
   ...
 ```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Extrude image by 8 pixels to the right, mirroring existing right hand edge
+sharp(input)
+  .extend({
+    right: 8,
+    background: 'mirror'
+  })
+  ...
+```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## extract
-
 Extract/crop a region of the image.
 
-*   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
-*   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
-*   Use `extract` before and after for both.
+- Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
+- Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
+- Use `extract` before and after for both.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **[Object][9]** describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
+**Throws**:
 
-    *   `options.left` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
-    *   `options.top` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
-    *   `options.width` **[number][8]** width of region to extract
-    *   `options.height` **[number][8]** height of region to extract
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+| Param | Type | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| options | <code>Object</code> | describes the region to extract using integral pixel values |
+| options.left | <code>number</code> | zero-indexed offset from left edge |
+| options.top | <code>number</code> | zero-indexed offset from top edge |
+| options.width | <code>number</code> | width of region to extract |
+| options.height | <code>number</code> | height of region to extract |
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .extract({ left: left, top: top, width: width, height: height })
   .toFile(output, function(err) {
     // Extract a region of the input image, saving in the same format.
   });
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp(input)
   .extract({ left: leftOffsetPre, top: topOffsetPre, width: widthPre, height: heightPre })
   .resize(width, height)
@@ -229,50 +243,65 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
-*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
-
-Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## trim
+Trim pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the given background colour, which defaults to that of the top-left pixel.
 
-Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
-Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+Images with an alpha channel will use the combined bounding box of alpha and non-alpha channels.
+
+If the result of this operation would trim an image to nothing then no change is made.
 
 The `info` response Object, obtained from callback of `.toFile()` or `.toBuffer()`,
 will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `threshold` **[number][8]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
+**Throws**:
 
-<!---->
+- <code>Error</code> Invalid parameters
 
-*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| trim | <code>string</code> \| <code>number</code> \| <code>Object</code> |  | the specific background colour to trim, the threshold for doing so or an Object with both. |
+| [trim.background] | <code>string</code> \| <code>Object</code> | <code>&quot;&#x27;top-left pixel&#x27;&quot;</code> | background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to that of the top-left pixel. |
+| [trim.threshold] | <code>number</code> | <code>10</code> | the allowed difference from the above colour, a positive number. |
 
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position
-
-[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29
-
-[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation
-
-[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centripetal_Catmull%E2%80%93Rom_spline
-
-[6]: https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf
-
-[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel
-
-[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
-
-[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[11]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
-
-[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Trim pixels with a colour similar to that of the top-left pixel.
+sharp(input)
+  .trim()
+  .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+    ...
+  });
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Trim pixels with the exact same colour as that of the top-left pixel.
+sharp(input)
+  .trim(0)
+  .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+    ...
+  });
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Trim only pixels with a similar colour to red.
+sharp(input)
+  .trim("#FF0000")
+  .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+    ...
+  });
+```
+**Example**  
+```js
+// Trim all "yellow-ish" pixels, being more lenient with the higher threshold.
+sharp(input)
+  .trim({
+    background: "yellow",
+    threshold: 42,
+  })
+  .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+    ...
+  });
+```

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -1,101 +1,100 @@
-<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->
-
-## format
-
-An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-console.log(sharp.format);
-```
-
-Returns **[Object][1]** 
-
-## interpolators
-
-An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values
-
-Type: [string][2]
-
-### nearest
-
-[Nearest neighbour interpolation][3]. Suitable for image enlargement only.
-
-### bilinear
-
-[Bilinear interpolation][4]. Faster than bicubic but with less smooth results.
-
-### bicubic
-
-[Bicubic interpolation][5] (the default).
-
-### locallyBoundedBicubic
-
-[LBB interpolation][6]. Prevents some "[acutance][7]" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2.
-
-### nohalo
-
-[Nohalo interpolation][8]. Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3.
-
-### vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline
-
-[VSQBS interpolation][9]. Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging.
-
 ## versions
+An Object containing the version numbers of sharp, libvips and its dependencies.
 
-An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 console.log(sharp.versions);
 ```
 
-## vendor
 
+## interpolators
+An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values
+
+
+**Read only**: true  
+**Properties**
+
+| Name | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| nearest | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;nearest&quot;</code> | [Nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation). Suitable for image enlargement only. |
+| bilinear | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;bilinear&quot;</code> | [Bilinear interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation). Faster than bicubic but with less smooth results. |
+| bicubic | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;bicubic&quot;</code> | [Bicubic interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation) (the default). |
+| locallyBoundedBicubic | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;lbb&quot;</code> | [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. |
+| nohalo | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;nohalo&quot;</code> | [Nohalo interpolation](http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/). Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3. |
+| vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline | <code>string</code> | <code>&quot;vsqbs&quot;</code> | [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. |
+
+
+
+## format
+An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
+
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+console.log(sharp.format);
+```
+
+
+## vendor
 An Object containing the platform and architecture
 of the current and installed vendored binaries.
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 console.log(sharp.vendor);
 ```
 
-## cache
 
-Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of *libvips'* operation cache.
+## queue
+An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
+- queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
+- complete
+
+
+**Example**  
+```js
+sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
+  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
+});
+```
+
+
+## cache
+Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
 Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
 This method always returns cache statistics,
 useful for determining how much working memory is required for a particular task.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `options` **([Object][1] | [boolean][10])** Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
 
-    *   `options.memory` **[number][11]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
-    *   `options.files` **[number][11]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
-    *   `options.items` **[number][11]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
+| Param | Type | Default | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| [options] | <code>Object</code> \| <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching |
+| [options.memory] | <code>number</code> | <code>50</code> | is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache |
+| [options.files] | <code>number</code> | <code>20</code> | is the maximum number of files to hold open |
+| [options.items] | <code>number</code> | <code>100</code> | is the maximum number of operations to cache |
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const stats = sharp.cache();
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 sharp.cache( { items: 200 } );
 sharp.cache( { files: 0 } );
 sharp.cache(false);
 ```
 
-Returns **[Object][1]** 
 
 ## concurrency
-
 Gets or, when a concurrency is provided, sets
-the number of threads *libvips'* should create to process each image.
+the maximum number of threads _libvips_ should use to process _each image_.
+These are from a thread pool managed by glib,
+which helps avoid the overhead of creating new threads.
+
+This method always returns the current concurrency.
 
 The default value is the number of CPU cores,
 except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc,
@@ -103,99 +102,67 @@ where the default is `1` to help reduce memory fragmentation.
 
 A value of `0` will reset this to the number of CPU cores.
 
-The maximum number of images that can be processed in parallel
-is limited by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable.
+Some image format libraries spawn additional threads,
+e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
+and these are independent of the value set here.
 
-This method always returns the current concurrency.
+The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
+is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
+which defaults to 4.
 
-### Parameters
+https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
 
-*   `concurrency` **[number][11]?** 
+For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
+4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
+so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.
 
-### Examples
 
-```javascript
+**Returns**: <code>number</code> - concurrency  
+
+| Param | Type |
+| --- | --- |
+| [concurrency] | <code>number</code> | 
+
+**Example**  
+```js
 const threads = sharp.concurrency(); // 4
 sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
 sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
 ```
 
-Returns **[number][11]** concurrency
-
-## queue
-
-An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
-
-*   queued, waiting for *libuv* to provide a worker thread
-*   complete
-
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
-sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
-  console.log('Queue contains ' + queueLength + ' task(s)');
-});
-```
 
 ## counters
-
 Provides access to internal task counters.
+- queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread from its pool.
+- process is the number of resize tasks currently being processed.
 
-*   queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for *libuv* to provide a worker thread from its pool.
-*   process is the number of resize tasks currently being processed.
 
-### Examples
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const counters = sharp.counters(); // { queue: 2, process: 4 }
 ```
 
-Returns **[Object][1]** 
 
 ## simd
-
 Get and set use of SIMD vector unit instructions.
 Requires libvips to have been compiled with liborc support.
 
 Improves the performance of `resize`, `blur` and `sharpen` operations
 by taking advantage of the SIMD vector unit of the CPU, e.g. Intel SSE and ARM NEON.
 
-### Parameters
 
-*   `simd` **[boolean][10]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
-### Examples
+| Param | Type | Default |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [simd] | <code>boolean</code> | <code>true</code> | 
 
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const simd = sharp.simd();
 // simd is `true` if the runtime use of liborc is currently enabled
 ```
-
-```javascript
+**Example**  
+```js
 const simd = sharp.simd(false);
 // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
-```
-
-Returns **[boolean][10]** 
-
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
-
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
-
-[3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation
-
-[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation
-
-[5]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation
-
-[6]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100
-
-[7]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance
-
-[8]: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/
-
-[9]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48
-
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
-
-[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+```

docs/build.js

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs').promises;
 const path = require('path');
-const documentation = require('documentation');
+const jsdoc2md = require('jsdoc-to-markdown');
 
 [
   'constructor',
@@ -18,8 +21,18 @@ const documentation = require('documentation');
   const input = path.join('lib', `${m}.js`);
   const output = path.join('docs', `api-${m}.md`);
 
-  const ast = await documentation.build(input, { shallow: true });
-  const markdown = await documentation.formats.md(ast, { markdownToc: false });
+  const ast = await jsdoc2md.getTemplateData({ files: input });
+  const markdown = await jsdoc2md.render({
+    data: ast,
+    'global-index-format': 'none',
+    'module-index-format': 'none'
+  });
 
-  await fs.writeFile(output, markdown);
+  const cleanMarkdown = markdown
+    .replace(/(## [A-Za-z]+)[^\n]*/g, '$1') // simplify headings to match those of documentationjs, ensures existing URLs work
+    .replace(/<a name="[A-Za-z+]+"><\/a>/g, '') // remove anchors, let docute add these (at markdown to HTML render time)
+    .replace(/\*\*Kind\*\*: global[^\n]+/g, '') // remove all "global" Kind labels (requires JSDoc refactoring)
+    .trim();
+
+  await fs.writeFile(output, cleanMarkdown);
 });

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,9 +1,298 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v0.32 - *flow*
+
+Requires libvips v8.14.2
+
+### v0.32.0 - 24th March 2023
+
+* Default to using sequential rather than random access read where possible.
+
+* Replace GIF output `optimise` / `optimize` option with `reuse`.
+
+* Add `progressive` option to GIF output for interlacing.
+
+* Add `wrap` option to text image creation.
+
+* Add `formatMagick` property to metadata of images loaded via *magick.
+
+* Prefer integer (un)premultiply for faster resizing of RGBA images.
+
+* Add `ignoreIcc` input option to ignore embedded ICC profile.
+
+* Allow use of GPS (IFD3) EXIF metadata.
+  [#2767](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2767)
+
+* TypeScript definitions are now maintained and published directly, deprecating the `@types/sharp` package.
+  [#3369](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3369)
+
+* Prebuilt binaries: ensure macOS 10.13+ support, as documented.
+  [#3438](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3438)
+
+* Prebuilt binaries: prevent use of glib slice allocator, improves QEMU support.
+  [#3448](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3448)
+
+* Add focus point coordinates to output when using attention based crop.
+  [#3470](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3470)
+  [@ejoebstl](https://github.com/ejoebstl)
+
+* Expose sharp version as `sharp.versions.sharp`.
+  [#3471](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3471)
+
+* Respect `fastShrinkOnLoad` resize option for WebP input.
+  [#3516](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3516)
+
+* Reduce sharpen `sigma` maximum from 10000 to 10.
+  [#3521](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3521)
+
+* Add support for `ArrayBuffer` input.
+  [#3548](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3548)
+  [@kapouer](https://github.com/kapouer)
+
+* Add support to `extend` operation for `extendWith` to allow copy/mirror/repeat.
+  [#3556](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3556)
+  [@janaz](https://github.com/janaz)
+
+* Ensure all async JS callbacks are wrapped to help avoid possible race condition.
+  [#3569](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3569)
+
+* Prebuilt binaries: support for tile-based output temporarily removed due to licensing issue.
+  [#3581](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3581)
+
+* Add support to `normalise` for `lower` and `upper` percentiles.
+  [#3583](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3583)
+  [@LachlanNewman](https://github.com/LachlanNewman)
+
+## v0.31 - *eagle*
+
+Requires libvips v8.13.3
+
+### v0.31.3 - 21st December 2022
+
+* Add experimental support for JPEG-XL images. Requires libvips compiled with libjxl.
+  [#2731](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2731)
+
+* Add runtime detection of V8 memory cage, ensures compatibility with Electron 21 onwards.
+  [#3384](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3384)
+
+* Expose `interFrameMaxError` and `interPaletteMaxError` GIF optimisation properties.
+  [#3401](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3401)
+
+* Allow installation on Linux with glibc patch versions e.g. Fedora 38.
+  [#3423](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3423)
+
+* Expand range of existing `sharpen` parameters to match libvips.
+  [#3427](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3427)
+
+* Prevent possible race condition awaiting metadata of Stream-based input.
+  [#3451](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3451)
+
+* Improve `extractChannel` support for 16-bit output colourspaces.
+  [#3453](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3453)
+
+* Ignore `sequentialRead` option when calculating image statistics.
+  [#3462](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3462)
+
+* Small performance improvement for operations that introduce a non-opaque background.
+  [#3465](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3465)
+
+* Ensure integral output of `linear` operation.
+  [#3468](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3468)
+
+### v0.31.2 - 4th November 2022
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.13.3 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* Ensure manual flip, rotate, resize operation ordering (regression in 0.31.1)
+  [#3391](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3391)
+
+* Ensure auto-rotation works without resize (regression in 0.31.1)
+  [#3422](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3422)
+
+### v0.31.1 - 29th September 2022
+
+* Upgrade to libvips v8.13.2 for upstream bug fixes.
+
+* Ensure `close` event occurs after `end` event for Stream-based output.
+  [#3313](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3313)
+
+* Ensure `limitInputPixels` constructor option uses uint64.
+  [#3349](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3349)
+  [@marcosc90](https://github.com/marcosc90)
+
+* Ensure auto-rotation works with shrink-on-load and extract (regression in 0.31.0).
+  [#3352](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3352)
+
+* Ensure AVIF output is always 8-bit.
+  [#3358](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3358)
+
+* Ensure greyscale images can be trimmed (regression in 0.31.0).
+  [#3386](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3386)
+
+### v0.31.0 - 5th September 2022
+
+* Drop support for Node.js 12, now requires Node.js >= 14.15.0.
+
+* GIF output now re-uses input palette if possible. Use `reoptimise` option to generate a new palette.
+
+* Add WebP `minSize` and `mixed` options for greater control over animation frames.
+
+* Remove previously-deprecated WebP `reductionEffort` and HEIF `speed` options. Use `effort` to control these.
+
+* The `flip` and `flop` operations will now occur before the `rotate` operation.
+
+* Improve `normalise` operation with use of histogram.
+  [#200](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/200)
+
+* Use combined bounding box of alpha and non-alpha channels for `trim` operation.
+  [#2166](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2166)
+
+* Add Buffer and Stream support to tile-based output.
+  [#2238](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2238)
+
+* Add input `fileSuffix` and output `alias` to `format` information.
+  [#2642](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2642)
+
+* Re-introduce support for greyscale ICC profiles (temporarily removed in 0.30.2).
+  [#3114](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3114)
+
+* Add support for WebP and PackBits `compression` options with TIFF output.
+  [#3198](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3198)
+
+* Ensure OpenSlide and FITS input works with custom libvips.
+  [#3226](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3226)
+
+* Ensure `trim` operation is a no-op when it would reduce an image to nothing.
+  [#3223](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3223)
+
+* Expose `vips_text` to create an image containing rendered text.
+  [#3252](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3252)
+  [@brahima](https://github.com/brahima)
+
+* Ensure only properties owned by the `withMetadata` EXIF Object are parsed.
+  [#3292](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3292)
+
+* Expand `linear` operation to allow use of per-channel arrays.
+  [#3303](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3303)
+  [@antonmarsden](https://github.com/antonmarsden)
+
+* Ensure the order of `rotate`, `resize` and `extend` operations is respected where possible.
+  Emit warnings when previous calls in the same pipeline will be ignored.
+  [#3319](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3319)
+
+* Ensure PNG bitdepth can be set for non-palette output.
+  [#3322](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3322)
+
+* Add trim option to provide a specific background colour.
+  [#3332](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3332)
+  [@mart-jansink](https://github.com/mart-jansink)
+
+* Ensure resized image is unpremultiplied before composite.
+  [#3334](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3334)
+
 ## v0.30 - *dresser*
 
 Requires libvips v8.12.2
 
+### v0.30.7 - 22nd June 2022
+
+* Ensure tiled composition always works with outside resizing.
+  [#3227](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3227)
+
+* Allow WebP encoding effort of 0.
+  [#3261](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3261)
+  [@AlexanderTheGrey](https://github.com/AlexanderTheGrey)
+
+* Prevent upsampling via libwebp.
+  [#3267](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3267)
+  [@blacha](https://github.com/blacha)
+
+### v0.30.6 - 30th May 2022
+
+* Allow values for `limitInputPixels` larger than 32-bit.
+  [#3238](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3238)
+
+* Ensure brew-installed `vips` can be detected (regression in 0.30.5).
+  [#3239](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3239)
+
+### v0.30.5 - 23rd May 2022
+
+* Install: pass `PKG_CONFIG_PATH` via env rather than substitution.
+  [@dwisiswant0](https://github.com/dwisiswant0)
+
+* Add support for `--libc` flag to improve cross-platform installation.
+  [#3160](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3160)
+  [@joonamo](https://github.com/joonamo)
+
+* Allow installation of prebuilt libvips binaries from filesystem.
+  [#3196](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3196)
+  [@ankurparihar](https://github.com/ankurparihar)
+
+* Fix rotate-then-extract for EXIF orientation 2.
+  [#3218](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3218)
+  [@jakob0fischl](https://github.com/jakob0fischl)
+
+### v0.30.4 - 18th April 2022
+
+* Increase control over sensitivity to invalid images via `failOn`, deprecate `failOnError` (equivalent to `failOn: 'warning'`).
+
+* Ensure `create` input image has correct bit depth and colour space.
+  [#3139](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3139)
+
+* Add support for `TypedArray` input with `byteOffset` and `length`.
+  [#3146](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3146)
+  [@codepage949](https://github.com/codepage949)
+
+* Improve error message when attempting to render SVG input greater than 32767x32767.
+  [#3167](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3167)
+
+* Add missing file name to 'Input file is missing' error message.
+  [#3178](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3178)
+  [@Brodan](https://github.com/Brodan)
+
+### v0.30.3 - 14th March 2022
+
+* Allow `sharpen` options to be provided more consistently as an Object.
+  [#2561](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2561)
+
+* Expose `x1`, `y2` and `y3` parameters of `sharpen` operation.
+  [#2935](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2935)
+
+* Prevent double unpremultiply with some composite blend modes (regression in 0.30.2).
+  [#3118](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3118)
+
+### v0.30.2 - 2nd March 2022
+
+* Improve performance and accuracy when compositing multiple images.
+  [#2286](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2286)
+
+* Expand pkgconfig search path for wider BSD support.
+  [#3106](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3106)
+
+* Ensure Windows C++ runtime is linked statically (regression in 0.30.0).
+  [#3110](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3110)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Temporarily ignore greyscale ICC profiles to workaround lcms bug.
+  [#3112](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3112)
+
+### v0.30.1 - 9th February 2022
+
+* Allow use of `toBuffer` and `toFile` on the same instance.
+  [#3044](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3044)
+
+* Skip shrink-on-load for known libjpeg rounding errors.
+  [#3066](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/3066)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Ensure withoutReduction does not interfere with contain/crop/embed.
+  [#3081](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3081)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
+* Ensure affine interpolator is correctly finalised.
+  [#3083](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/3083)
+  [@kleisauke](https://github.com/kleisauke)
+
 ### v0.30.0 - 1st February 2022
 
 * Add support for GIF output to prebuilt binaries.

docs/humans.txt

@@ -236,3 +236,39 @@ GitHub: https://github.com/gforge
 
 Name: Chris Banks
 GitHub: https://github.com/christopherbradleybanks
+
+Name: codepage949
+GitHub: https://github.com/codepage949
+
+Name: Chris Hranj
+GitHub: https://github.com/Brodan
+
+Name: Ankur Parihar
+GitHub: https://github.com/ankurparihar
+
+Name: Joona Heinikoski
+GitHub: https://github.com/joonamo
+
+Name: AlexanderTheGrey
+GitHub: https://github.com/AlexanderTheGrey
+
+Name: Blayne Chard
+GitHub: https://github.com/blacha
+
+Name: Brahim
+GitHub: https://github.com/brahima
+
+Name: Anton Marsden
+GitHub: https://github.com/antonmarsden
+
+Name:  Marcos Casagrande
+GitHub: https://github.com/marcosc90
+
+Name: Emanuel Jöbstl
+GitHub: https://github.com/ejoebstl
+
+Name: Tomasz Janowski
+GitHub: https://github.com/janaz
+
+Name: Lachlan Newman
+GitHub: https://github.com/LachlanNewman

docs/index.html

@@ -5,20 +5,16 @@
   <meta charset="utf-8">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
   <meta name="description" content="Resize large images in common formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF and AVIF images of varying dimensions">
+  <meta property="og:title" content="sharp - High performance Node.js image processing">
+  <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo-600.png">
   <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; style-src 'unsafe-inline';
-    img-src 'unsafe-inline' data: https://pixel.plumbing/px/ https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/ https://www.google-analytics.com;
+    img-src 'unsafe-inline' data: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/ https://www.google-analytics.com;
     connect-src 'self' https://www.google-analytics.com;
     script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'
       https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js;">
-  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/32x32/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/152x152/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/144x144/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/120x120/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/114x114/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/72x72/sharp-logo.svg">
-  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pixel.plumbing/px/57x57/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo-32.png">
   <link rel="author" href="/humans.txt" type="text/plain">
-  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pixel.plumbing">
   <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com">
   <script type="application/ld+json">
   {
@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Lovell Fuller"
     },
-    "copyrightYear": [2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022],
+    "copyrightYear": 2013,
     "license": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
   }
   </script>
@@ -83,9 +79,7 @@
             .map(function (sidebarLink) {
               return sidebarLink.title;
             })[0];
-          return title
-            ? md.replace(/<!-- Generated by documentation.js. Update this documentation by updating the source code. -->/, '# ' + title)
-            : md;
+          return title ? `# ${title}\n${md}` : md;
         });
       }
     };
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@
       router: { mode: 'history' },
       logo: '<div style="display:flex;align-items:center">'
         + '<strong>sharp</strong> '
-        + '<img src="https://pixel.plumbing/px/16x16/sharp-logo.svg" style="padding:8px" alt="#"> '
+        + '<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" style="padding:8px" width="32" height="32" alt="#"> '
         + '<span style="opacity:0.8;white-space:pre" class="shorten-strapline">High performance </span> '
         + '<span style="opacity:0.8">Node.js image processing</span> '
         + '</div>',

docs/install.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ yarn add sharp
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node.js >= 12.13.0
+* Node.js >= 14.15.0
 
 ## Prebuilt binaries
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ is downloaded via HTTPS, verified via Subresource Integrity
 and decompressed into `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
 
 This provides support for the
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and SVG (input) image formats.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF (limited to 8-bit depth), TIFF, GIF and SVG (input) image formats.
 
 The following platforms have prebuilt libvips but not sharp:
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ When using npm v7 or later, the user running `npm install` must own the director
 
 The `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag must be used when `npm` has been configured to ignore installation scripts.
 
-Check the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp` for useful error messages.
+Check the output of running `npm install --verbose --foreground-scripts sharp` for useful error messages.
 
 ## Apple M1
 
@@ -74,20 +74,36 @@ The target platform and/or architecture can be manually selected using the follo
 npm install --platform=... --arch=... --arm-version=... sharp
 ```
 
-* `--platform`: one of `linux`, `linuxmusl`, `darwin` or `win32`.
+* `--platform`: one of `linux`, `darwin` or `win32`.
 * `--arch`: one of `x64`, `ia32`, `arm` or `arm64`.
 * `--arm-version`: one of `6`, `7` or `8` (`arm` defaults to `6`, `arm64` defaults to `8`).
+* `--libc`: one of `glibc` or `musl`. This option only works with platform `linux`, defaults to `glibc`
 * `--sharp-install-force`: skip version compatibility and Subresource Integrity checks.
 
 These values can also be set via environment variables,
-`npm_config_platform`, `npm_config_arch`, `npm_config_arm_version`
+`npm_config_platform`, `npm_config_arch`, `npm_config_arm_version`, `npm_config_libc`
 and `SHARP_INSTALL_FORCE` respectively.
 
 For example, if the target machine has a 64-bit ARM CPU and is running Alpine Linux,
 use the following flags:
 
 ```sh
-npm install --arch=arm64 --platform=linuxmusl sharp
+npm install --arch=arm64 --platform=linux --libc=musl sharp
+```
+
+If the current machine is Alpine Linux and the target machine is Debian Linux on x64 cpu,
+use the following flags:
+
+```sh
+npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --libc=glibc sharp
+```
+
+Multiple platforms and architectures can be supported within the same installation tree.
+The following example for macOS installs x64 binaries then adds (via a rebuild) arm64 binaries:
+
+```sh
+npm install --platform=darwin --arch=x64 sharp
+npm rebuild --platform=darwin --arch=arm64 sharp
 ```
 
 ## Custom libvips
@@ -96,10 +112,11 @@ To use a custom, globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided b
 make sure it is at least the version listed under `config.libvips` in the `package.json` file
 and that it can be located using `pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`.
 
-For help compiling libvips from source, please see
-[https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/install.html#building-libvips-from-a-source-tarball).
+For help compiling libvips and its dependencies, please see
+[building libvips from source](https://www.libvips.org/install.html#building-libvips-from-source).
 
-The use of a globally-installed libvips is unsupported on Windows.
+The use of a globally-installed libvips is unsupported on Windows
+and on macOS when running Node.js under Rosetta.
 
 ## Building from source
 
@@ -118,6 +135,8 @@ Building from source requires:
 
 This is an advanced approach that most people will not require.
 
+### Prebuilt sharp binaries
+
 To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL,
 set the `sharp_binary_host` npm config option
 or the `npm_config_sharp_binary_host` environment variable.
@@ -126,17 +145,50 @@ To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a directory on the local filesystem,
 set the `sharp_local_prebuilds` npm config option
 or the `npm_config_sharp_local_prebuilds` environment variable.
 
+URL example:
+if `sharp_binary_host` is set to `https://hostname/path`
+and the sharp version is `1.2.3` then the resultant URL will be
+`https://hostname/path/v1.2.3/sharp-v1.2.3-napi-v5-platform-arch.tar.gz`.
+
+Filename example:
+if `sharp_local_prebuilds` is set to `/path`
+and the sharp version is `1.2.3` then the resultant filename will be
+`/path/sharp-v1.2.3-napi-v5-platform-arch.tar.gz`.
+
+### Prebuilt libvips binaries
+
 To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a custom URL,
 set the `sharp_libvips_binary_host` npm config option
 or the `npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host` environment variable.
 
-The version subpath and file name are appended to these.
-For example, if `sharp_libvips_binary_host` is set to `https://hostname/path`
-and the libvips version is `1.2.3` then the resultant URL will be
-`https://hostname/path/v1.2.3/libvips-1.2.3-platform-arch.tar.br`.
+To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a directory on the local filesystem,
+set the `sharp_libvips_local_prebuilds` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_libvips_local_prebuilds` environment variable.
+
+The version subpath and filename are appended to these.
+
+URL example:
+if `sharp_libvips_binary_host` is set to `https://hostname/path`
+and the libvips version is `4.5.6` then the resultant URL will be
+`https://hostname/path/v4.5.6/libvips-4.5.6-platform-arch.tar.br`.
+
+Filename example:
+if `sharp_libvips_local_prebuilds` is set to `/path`
+and the libvips version is `4.5.6` then the resultant filename will be
+`/path/v4.5.6/libvips-4.5.6-platform-arch.tar.br`.
 
 See the Chinese mirror below for a further example.
 
+If these binaries are modified, new integrity hashes can be provided
+at install time via `npm_package_config_integrity_platform_arch`
+environment variables, for example set
+`npm_package_config_integrity_linux_x64` to `sha512-abc...`.
+
+The integrity hash of a file can be generated via:
+```sh
+sha512sum libvips-x.y.z-platform-arch.tar.br | cut -f1 -d' ' | xxd -r -p | base64 -w 0
+```
+
 ## Chinese mirror
 
 A mirror site based in China, provided by Alibaba, contains binaries for both sharp and libvips.
@@ -186,16 +238,6 @@ the use of an alternative memory allocator such as
 Those using musl-based Linux (e.g. Alpine) and non-Linux systems are
 unaffected.
 
-## Heroku
-
-Add the
-[jemalloc buildpack](https://github.com/gaffneyc/heroku-buildpack-jemalloc)
-to reduce the effects of memory fragmentation.
-
-Set
-[NODE_MODULES_CACHE](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/nodejs-support#cache-behavior)
-to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
-
 ## AWS Lambda
 
 The `node_modules` directory of the
@@ -207,15 +249,21 @@ run the following additional command after `npm install`:
 
 ```sh
 npm install
-SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux sharp
+rm -rf node_modules/sharp
+SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --libc=glibc sharp
 ```
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
 A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
 
-## Webpack
+When integrating with AWS API Gateway, ensure it is configured with the relevant
+[binary media types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/api-gateway-payload-encodings.html).
 
-Ensure sharp is added to the
+## Bundlers
+
+### webpack
+
+Ensure sharp is excluded from bundling via the
 [externals](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/externals/)
 configuration.
 
@@ -225,20 +273,97 @@ externals: {
 }
 ```
 
+### esbuild
+
+Ensure sharp is excluded from bundling via the
+[external](https://esbuild.github.io/api/#external)
+configuration.
+
+```js
+buildSync({
+  entryPoints: ['app.js'],
+  bundle: true,
+  platform: 'node',
+  external: ['sharp'],
+})
+```
+
+```sh
+esbuild app.js --bundle --platform=node --external:sharp
+```
+
+For `serverless-esbuild`, ensure platform-specific binaries are installed
+via the `serverless.yml` configuration.
+
+```yaml
+custom:
+  esbuild:
+    external:
+      - sharp
+    packagerOptions:
+      scripts:
+        - npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux sharp
+```
+
+## TypeScript
+
+TypeScript definitions are published as part of
+the `sharp` package from v0.32.0.
+
+Previously these were available via the `@types/sharp` package,
+which is now deprecated.
+
+When using Typescript, please ensure `devDependencies` includes
+the `@types/node` package.
+
+## Fonts
+
+When creating text images or rendering SVG images that contain text elements,
+`fontconfig` is used to find the relevant fonts.
+
+On Windows and macOS systems, all system fonts are available for use.
+
+On macOS systems using Homebrew, you may need to set the
+`PANGOCAIRO_BACKEND` environment variable to a value of `fontconfig`
+to ensure it is used for font discovery instead of Core Text.
+
+On Linux systems, fonts that include the relevant
+[`fontconfig` configuration](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html)
+when installed via package manager are available for use.
+
+If `fontconfig` configuration is not found, the following error will occur:
+```
+Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file
+```
+
+In serverless environments where there is no control over font packages,
+use the `FONTCONFIG_PATH` environment variable to point to a custom location.
+
+Embedded SVG fonts are unsupported.
+
 ## Worker threads
 
-The main thread must call `require('sharp')`
-before worker threads are created
-to ensure shared libraries remain loaded in memory
+On some platforms, including glibc-based Linux,
+the main thread must call `require('sharp')`
+_before_ worker threads are created.
+This is to ensure shared libraries remain loaded in memory
 until after all threads are complete.
 
+Without this, the following error may occur:
+```
+Module did not self-register
+```
+
 ## Known conflicts
 
 ### Canvas and Windows
 
-The prebuilt binaries provided by `canvas` for Windows depend on the unmaintained GTK 2, last updated in 2011.
+The prebuilt binaries provided by `canvas` for Windows
+from v2.7.0 onwards depend on the Visual C++ Runtime (MSVCRT).
+These conflict with the binaries provided by sharp,
+which depend on the more modern Universal C Runtime (UCRT).
 
-These conflict with the modern, up-to-date binaries provided by sharp.
+See [Automattic/node-canvas#2155](https://github.com/Automattic/node-canvas/issues/2155).
 
 If both modules are used in the same Windows process, the following error will occur:
 ```

docs/performance.md

@@ -2,71 +2,110 @@
 
 A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
 
-## The contenders
-
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.16.1 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.5.9 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
-* [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
-* [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* [@squoosh/lib](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/lib) v0.4.0 - Image libraries transpiled to WebAssembly, includes GPLv3 code.
-* [@squoosh/cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/cli) v0.7.2 - Command line wrapper around `@squoosh/lib`, avoids GPLv3 by spawning process.
-* sharp v0.30.0 / libvips v8.12.2 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
-
-## The task
-
-Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
-resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
-then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
-
-## Test environment
-
-* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5ad.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (4x AMD EPYC 7R32)
-* Ubuntu 21.10 (ami-0258eeb71ddf238b3)
-* Node.js 16.13.2
-
-## Results
-
-| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
-| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.84 |      1.0 |
-| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.08 |      1.3 |
-| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.85 |      2.2 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.45 |      4.1 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.60 |     10.2 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.66 |     10.3 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.79 |     10.5 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   28.90 |     34.4 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   30.08 |     35.8 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   30.42 |     36.2 |
-
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
 
 The I/O limits of the relevant (de)compression library will generally determine maximum throughput.
 
+## Contenders
+
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.22.7 - Image processing in pure JavaScript.
+* [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
+* [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.25.0 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
+* [@squoosh/lib](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/lib) v0.4.0 - Image libraries transpiled to WebAssembly, includes GPLv3 code, but "*Project no longer maintained*".
+* [@squoosh/cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/cli) v0.7.3 - Command line wrapper around `@squoosh/lib`, avoids GPLv3 by spawning process, but "*Project no longer maintained*".
+* sharp v0.32.0 / libvips v8.14.2 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+
+## Environment
+
+### AMD64
+
+* AWS EC2 us-east-2 [c6a.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c6a/) (4x AMD EPYC 7R13)
+* Ubuntu 22.04 20230303 (ami-0122295b0eb922138)
+* Node.js 16.19.1
+
+### ARM64
+
+* AWS EC2 us-east-2 [c7g.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c7g/) (4x ARM Graviton3)
+* Ubuntu 22.04 20230303 (ami-0af198159897e7a29)
+* Node.js 16.19.1
+
+## Task: JPEG
+
+Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image,
+resize to 720x588 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
+then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
+
+Note: jimp does not support Lanczos 3, bicubic resampling used instead.
+
+#### Results: JPEG (AMD64)
+
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.84 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.07 |      1.3 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.82 |      2.2 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.41 |     10.0 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.45 |     10.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.77 |     10.4 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   36.36 |     43.3 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   38.67 |     46.0 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   39.44 |     47.0 |
+
+#### Results: JPEG (ARM64)
+
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    1.02 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.11 |      1.1 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    2.08 |      2.0 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.80 |      8.6 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |   10.05 |      9.9 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |   10.28 |     10.1 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   26.87 |     26.3 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   27.88 |     27.3 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   28.40 |     27.8 |
+
+## Task: PNG
+
+Decompress a 2048x1536 RGBA PNG image,
+premultiply the alpha channel,
+resize to 720x540 using Lanczos 3 resampling (where available),
+unpremultiply then compress as PNG with a "default" zlib compression level of 6
+and without adaptive filtering.
+
+Note: jimp does not support premultiply/unpremultiply.
+
+### Results: PNG (AMD64)
+
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    0.40 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    0.47 |      1.2 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    6.47 |     16.2 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    6.60 |     16.5 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    7.08 |     17.7 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   17.80 |     44.5 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   18.02 |     45.0 |
+
+### Results: PNG (ARM64)
+
+| Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
+| :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    0.40 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    0.48 |      1.2 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    7.20 |     18.0 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    7.62 |     19.1 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    7.96 |     19.9 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   12.97 |     32.4 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   13.12 |     45.0 |
+
 ## Running the benchmark test
 
-Requires _ImageMagick_, _GraphicsMagick_ and _Mapnik_:
-
-```sh
-brew install imagemagick
-brew install graphicsmagick
-brew install mapnik
-```
-
-```sh
-sudo apt-get install build-essential imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
-```
-
-```sh
-sudo yum install ImageMagick-devel ImageMagick-c++-devel GraphicsMagick mapnik-devel
-```
+Requires Docker.
 
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
-cd sharp
-npm install --build-from-source
-cd test/bench
-npm install
-npm test
+cd sharp/test/bench
+./run-with-docker.sh
 ```

docs/search-index/build.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ for (const match of matches) {
 ].forEach((section) => {
   const contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', `api-${section}.md`), 'utf8');
   const matches = contents.matchAll(
-    /\n## (?<title>[A-Za-z]+)\n\n(?<firstparagraph>.+?)\n\n(?<parameters>### Parameters.+?Returns)?/gs
+    /## (?<title>[A-Za-z]+)\n(?<firstparagraph>.+?)\n\n.+?(?<parameters>\| Param .+?\n\n)?\*\*Example/gs
   );
   for (const match of matches) {
     const { title, firstparagraph, parameters } = match.groups;

docs/search-index/extract.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const stopWords = require('./stop-words');
@@ -9,12 +12,13 @@ const extractDescription = (str) =>
     .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
     .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_/\-,. ]/g, '')
     .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
-    .substr(0, 180)
+    .substring(0, 200)
     .trim();
 
 const extractParameters = (str) =>
-  [...str.matchAll(/options\.(?<name>[^.`]+)/gs)]
+  [...str.matchAll(/options\.(?<name>[^.`\] ]+)/gs)]
     .map((match) => match.groups.name)
+    .map((name) => name.replace(/([A-Z])/g, ' $1').toLowerCase())
     .join(' ');
 
 const extractKeywords = (str) =>

docs/search-index/stop-words.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 module.exports = [
@@ -12,15 +15,18 @@ module.exports = [
   'and',
   'any',
   'are',
+  'available',
   'based',
   'been',
   'before',
+  'best',
   'both',
   'call',
   'callback',
   'can',
   'containing',
   'contains',
+  'created',
   'current',
   'date',
   'default',
@@ -43,6 +49,8 @@ module.exports = [
   'how',
   'image',
   'implies',
+  'include',
+  'including',
   'involve',
   'its',
   'last',
@@ -56,27 +64,37 @@ module.exports = [
   'must',
   'non',
   'not',
+  'now',
   'occur',
   'occurs',
+  'one',
   'options',
   'other',
   'out',
   'over',
+  'part',
   'perform',
   'performs',
+  'please',
+  'pre',
+  'previously',
   'produce',
   'provide',
   'provided',
   'ready',
   'requires',
+  'requiresharp',
   'returned',
+  'run',
   'same',
   'see',
   'set',
   'sets',
+  'sharp',
   'should',
   'since',
   'site',
+  'some',
   'specified',
   'spelling',
   'such',
@@ -104,6 +122,7 @@ module.exports = [
   'using',
   'value',
   'values',
+  'via',
   'were',
   'when',
   'which',
@@ -111,5 +130,6 @@ module.exports = [
   'will',
   'with',
   'without',
-  'you'
+  'you',
+  'your'
 ];

install/can-compile.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');

install/libvips.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ const hasSharpPrebuild = [
 ];
 
 const { minimumLibvipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled } = libvips;
+const localLibvipsDir = process.env.npm_config_sharp_libvips_local_prebuilds || '';
 const distHost = process.env.npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host || 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download';
 const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `${distHost}/v${minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled}/`;
 const installationForced = !!(process.env.npm_config_sharp_install_force || process.env.SHARP_INSTALL_FORCE);
@@ -42,7 +46,9 @@ const installationForced = !!(process.env.npm_config_sharp_install_force || proc
 const fail = function (err) {
   libvips.log(err);
   if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
-    libvips.log('Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
+    libvips.log('Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user?');
+    libvips.log('- For npm <= v6, try again with the "--unsafe-perm" flag');
+    libvips.log('- For npm >= v8, the user must own the directory "npm install" is run in');
   }
   libvips.log('Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies');
   process.exit(1);
@@ -125,9 +131,6 @@ try {
     if (arch === 'ia32' && !platformAndArch.startsWith('win32')) {
       throw new Error(`Intel Architecture 32-bit systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (platformAndArch === 'darwin-arm64') {
-      throw new Error("Please run 'brew install vips' to install libvips on Apple M1 (ARM64) systems");
-    }
     if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'openbsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'sunos-x64') {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
@@ -135,7 +138,8 @@ try {
     const libcFamily = detectLibc.familySync();
     const libcVersion = detectLibc.versionSync();
     if (libcFamily === detectLibc.GLIBC && libcVersion && minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]) {
-      if (semverLessThan(`${libcVersion}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
+      const libcVersionWithoutPatch = libcVersion.split('.').slice(0, 2).join('.');
+      if (semverLessThan(`${libcVersionWithoutPatch}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
         handleError(new Error(`Use with glibc ${libcVersion} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
       }
     }
@@ -149,17 +153,21 @@ try {
     if (!semverSatisfies(process.versions.node, supportedNodeVersion)) {
       handleError(new Error(`Expected Node.js version ${supportedNodeVersion} but found ${process.versions.node}`));
     }
-
     // Download to per-process temporary file
     const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.br';
     const tarPathCache = path.join(libvips.cachePath(), tarFilename);
     if (fs.existsSync(tarPathCache)) {
       libvips.log(`Using cached ${tarPathCache}`);
       extractTarball(tarPathCache, platformAndArch);
+    } else if (localLibvipsDir) {
+      // If localLibvipsDir is given try to use binaries from local directory
+      const tarPathLocal = path.join(path.resolve(localLibvipsDir), `v${minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled}`, tarFilename);
+      libvips.log(`Using local libvips from ${tarPathLocal}`);
+      extractTarball(tarPathLocal, platformAndArch);
     } else {
       const url = distBaseUrl + tarFilename;
       libvips.log(`Downloading ${url}`);
-      simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
+      simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent(libvips.log) }, function (err, response) {
         if (err) {
           fail(err);
         } else if (response.statusCode === 404) {

lib/agent.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const url = require('url');
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ function env (key) {
   return process.env[key];
 }
 
-module.exports = function () {
+module.exports = function (log) {
   try {
     const proxy = new url.URL(proxies.map(env).find(is.string));
     const tunnel = proxy.protocol === 'https:'
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ module.exports = function () {
     const proxyAuth = proxy.username && proxy.password
       ? `${decodeURIComponent(proxy.username)}:${decodeURIComponent(proxy.password)}`
       : null;
+    log(`Via proxy ${proxy.protocol}://${proxy.hostname}:${proxy.port} ${proxyAuth ? 'with' : 'no'} credentials`);
     return tunnel({
       proxy: {
         port: Number(proxy.port),

lib/channel.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const is = require('./is');
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ function extractChannel (channel) {
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue, alpha', channel);
   }
-  return this.toColourspace('b-w');
+  return this;
 }
 
 /**

lib/colour.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const color = require('color');
@@ -19,6 +22,11 @@ const colourspace = {
  * Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
  * An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
  *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .tint({ r: 255, g: 240, b: 16 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {string|Object} rgb - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameter
@@ -37,6 +45,10 @@ function tint (rgb) {
  * This may be overridden by other sharp operations such as `toColourspace('b-w')`,
  * which will produce an output image containing one color channel.
  * An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).greyscale().toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Boolean} [greyscale=true]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */

lib/composite.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const is = require('./is');
@@ -43,6 +46,9 @@ const blend = {
  * The images to composite must be the same size or smaller than the processed image.
  * If both `top` and `left` options are provided, they take precedence over `gravity`.
  *
+ * Any resize or rotate operations in the same processing pipeline
+ * will always be applied to the input image before composition.
+ *
  * The `blend` option can be one of `clear`, `source`, `over`, `in`, `out`, `atop`,
  * `dest`, `dest-over`, `dest-in`, `dest-out`, `dest-atop`,
  * `xor`, `add`, `saturate`, `multiply`, `screen`, `overlay`, `darken`, `lighten`,
@@ -50,12 +56,27 @@ const blend = {
  * `hard-light`, `soft-light`, `difference`, `exclusion`.
  *
  * More information about blend modes can be found at
- * https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
+ * https://www.libvips.org/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
  * and https://www.cairographics.org/operators/
  *
  * @since 0.22.0
  *
  * @example
+ * await sharp(background)
+ *   .composite([
+ *     { input: layer1, gravity: 'northwest' },
+ *     { input: layer2, gravity: 'southeast' },
+ *   ])
+ *   .toFile('combined.png');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp('input.gif', { animated: true })
+ *   .composite([
+ *     { input: 'overlay.png', tile: true, blend: 'saturate' }
+ *   ])
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
  * sharp('input.png')
  *   .rotate(180)
  *   .resize(300)
@@ -78,6 +99,17 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.height]
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.channels] - 3-4
  * @param {String|Object} [images[].input.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {Object} [images[].input.text] - describes a new text image to be created.
+ * @param {string} [images[].input.text.text] - text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`.
+ * @param {string} [images[].input.text.font] - font name to render with.
+ * @param {string} [images[].input.text.fontfile] - absolute filesystem path to a font file that can be used by `font`.
+ * @param {number} [images[].input.text.width=0] - integral number of pixels to word-wrap at. Lines of text wider than this will be broken at word boundaries.
+ * @param {number} [images[].input.text.height=0] - integral number of pixels high. When defined, `dpi` will be ignored and the text will automatically fit the pixel resolution defined by `width` and `height`. Will be ignored if `width` is not specified or set to 0.
+ * @param {string} [images[].input.text.align='left'] - text alignment (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`).
+ * @param {boolean} [images[].input.text.justify=false] - set this to true to apply justification to the text.
+ * @param {number} [images[].input.text.dpi=72] - the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified.
+ * @param {boolean} [images[].input.text.rgba=false] - set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`.
+ * @param {number} [images[].input.text.spacing=0] - text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified.
  * @param {String} [images[].blend='over'] - how to blend this image with the image below.
  * @param {String} [images[].gravity='centre'] - gravity at which to place the overlay.
  * @param {Number} [images[].top] - the pixel offset from the top edge.
@@ -89,7 +121,8 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.width]
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.height]
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.channels]
- * @param {boolean} [images[].failOnError=true] - @see {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}
+ * @param {boolean} [images[].animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image.
+ * @param {string} [images[].failOn='warning'] - @see {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}
  * @param {number|boolean} [images[].limitInputPixels=268402689] - @see {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -162,7 +195,6 @@ function composite (images) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('premultiplied', 'boolean', image.premultiplied);
       }
     }
-
     return composite;
   });
   return this;

lib/constructor.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const util = require('util');
@@ -92,26 +95,46 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  *  }
  * }).toFile('noise.png');
  *
- * @param {(Buffer|Uint8Array|Uint8ClampedArray|Int8Array|Uint16Array|Int16Array|Uint32Array|Int32Array|Float32Array|Float64Array|string)} [input] - if present, can be
- *  a Buffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
+ * @example
+ * // Generate an image from text
+ * await sharp({
+ *   text: {
+ *     text: 'Hello, world!',
+ *     width: 400, // max width
+ *     height: 300 // max height
+ *   }
+ * }).toFile('text_bw.png');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Generate an rgba image from text using pango markup and font
+ * await sharp({
+ *   text: {
+ *     text: '<span foreground="red">Red!</span><span background="cyan">blue</span>',
+ *     font: 'sans',
+ *     rgba: true,
+ *     dpi: 300
+ *   }
+ * }).toFile('text_rgba.png');
+ *
+ * @param {(Buffer|ArrayBuffer|Uint8Array|Uint8ClampedArray|Int8Array|Uint16Array|Int16Array|Uint32Array|Int32Array|Float32Array|Float64Array|string)} [input] - if present, can be
+ *  a Buffer / ArrayBuffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
  *  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or
  *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
  *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
- *  Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid.
+ * @param {string} [options.failOn='warning'] - when to abort processing of invalid pixel data, one of (in order of sensitivity): 'none' (least), 'truncated', 'error' or 'warning' (most), highers level imply lower levels, invalid metadata will always abort.
  * @param {number|boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
  *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
  *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
- * @param {boolean} [options.unlimited=false] - Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (SVG, PNG).
- * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
- *  This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.unlimited=false] - Set this to `true` to remove safety features that help prevent memory exhaustion (JPEG, PNG, SVG, HEIF).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=true] - Set this to `false` to use random access rather than sequential read. Some operations will do this automatically.
  * @param {number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000.
- * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
- * @param {number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
+ * @param {number} [options.ignoreIcc=false] - should the embedded ICC profile, if any, be ignored.
+ * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - Number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), use -1 for all pages.
+ * @param {number} [options.page=0] - Page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, TIFF), zero based.
  * @param {number} [options.subifd=-1] - subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
  * @param {number} [options.level=0] - level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based.
- * @param {boolean} [options.animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (GIF, WebP, TIFF), equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`.
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
  * @param {number} [options.raw.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
  * @param {number} [options.raw.height] - integral number of pixels high.
@@ -127,6 +150,18 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * @param {string} [options.create.noise.type] - type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
  * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean] - mean of pixels in generated noise.
  * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma] - standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
+ * @param {Object} [options.text] - describes a new text image to be created.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.text] - text to render as a UTF-8 string. It can contain Pango markup, for example `<i>Le</i>Monde`.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.font] - font name to render with.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.fontfile] - absolute filesystem path to a font file that can be used by `font`.
+ * @param {number} [options.text.width=0] - integral number of pixels to word-wrap at. Lines of text wider than this will be broken at word boundaries.
+ * @param {number} [options.text.height=0] - integral number of pixels high. When defined, `dpi` will be ignored and the text will automatically fit the pixel resolution defined by `width` and `height`. Will be ignored if `width` is not specified or set to 0.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.align='left'] - text alignment (`'left'`, `'centre'`, `'center'`, `'right'`).
+ * @param {boolean} [options.text.justify=false] - set this to true to apply justification to the text.
+ * @param {number} [options.text.dpi=72] - the resolution (size) at which to render the text. Does not take effect if `height` is specified.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.text.rgba=false] - set this to true to enable RGBA output. This is useful for colour emoji rendering, or support for pango markup features like `<span foreground="red">Red!</span>`.
+ * @param {number} [options.text.spacing=0] - text line height in points. Will use the font line height if none is specified.
+ * @param {string} [options.text.wrap='word'] - word wrapping style when width is provided, one of: 'word', 'char', 'charWord' (prefer char, fallback to word) or 'none'.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -165,6 +200,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     extendLeft: 0,
     extendRight: 0,
     extendBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+    extendWith: 'background',
     withoutEnlargement: false,
     withoutReduction: false,
     affineMatrix: [],
@@ -186,15 +222,21 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     medianSize: 0,
     blurSigma: 0,
     sharpenSigma: 0,
-    sharpenFlat: 1,
-    sharpenJagged: 2,
+    sharpenM1: 1,
+    sharpenM2: 2,
+    sharpenX1: 2,
+    sharpenY2: 10,
+    sharpenY3: 20,
     threshold: 0,
     thresholdGrayscale: true,
+    trimBackground: [],
     trimThreshold: 0,
     gamma: 0,
     gammaOut: 0,
     greyscale: false,
     normalise: false,
+    normaliseLower: 1,
+    normaliseUpper: 99,
     claheWidth: 0,
     claheHeight: 0,
     claheMaxSlope: 3,
@@ -249,9 +291,15 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     webpNearLossless: false,
     webpSmartSubsample: false,
     webpEffort: 4,
+    webpMinSize: false,
+    webpMixed: false,
     gifBitdepth: 8,
     gifEffort: 7,
     gifDither: 1,
+    gifInterFrameMaxError: 0,
+    gifInterPaletteMaxError: 3,
+    gifReuse: true,
+    gifProgressive: false,
     tiffQuality: 80,
     tiffCompression: 'jpeg',
     tiffPredictor: 'horizontal',
@@ -268,6 +316,10 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     heifCompression: 'av1',
     heifEffort: 4,
     heifChromaSubsampling: '4:4:4',
+    jxlDistance: 1,
+    jxlDecodingTier: 0,
+    jxlEffort: 7,
+    jxlLossless: false,
     rawDepth: 'uchar',
     tileSize: 256,
     tileOverlap: 0,
@@ -280,9 +332,10 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
     tileCentre: false,
     tileId: 'https://example.com/iiif',
+    tileBasename: '',
     timeoutSeconds: 0,
-    linearA: 1,
-    linearB: 0,
+    linearA: [],
+    linearB: [],
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
     debuglog: warning => {
       this.emit('warning', warning);
@@ -317,9 +370,7 @@ Object.setPrototypeOf(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
  * // Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
  * const fs = require("fs");
  * const got = require("got");
- * const sharpStream = sharp({
- *   failOnError: false
- * });
+ * const sharpStream = sharp({ failOn: 'none' });
  *
  * const promises = [];
  *
@@ -346,7 +397,7 @@ Object.setPrototypeOf(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
  *     .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
  * );
  *
- * // https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+ * // https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/blob/main/documentation/3-streams.md
  * got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
  *
  * Promise.all(promises)

lib/index.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const Sharp = require('./constructor');

lib/input.js

@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
 const sharp = require('./sharp');
 
+/**
+ * Justication alignment
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const align = {
+  left: 'low',
+  center: 'centre',
+  centre: 'centre',
+  right: 'high'
+};
+
 /**
  * Extract input options, if any, from an object.
  * @private
  */
 function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
-  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
-  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
-    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
+  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
+  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
+    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, ignoreIcc, unlimited, sequentialRead, failOn, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
     : undefined;
 }
 
@@ -21,10 +36,11 @@ function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
  */
 function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
   const inputDescriptor = {
-    failOnError: true,
+    failOn: 'warning',
     limitInputPixels: Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2),
+    ignoreIcc: false,
     unlimited: false,
-    sequentialRead: false
+    sequentialRead: true
   };
   if (is.string(input)) {
     // filesystem
@@ -35,11 +51,16 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
       throw Error('Input Buffer is empty');
     }
     inputDescriptor.buffer = input;
+  } else if (is.arrayBuffer(input)) {
+    if (input.byteLength === 0) {
+      throw Error('Input bit Array is empty');
+    }
+    inputDescriptor.buffer = Buffer.from(input, 0, input.byteLength);
   } else if (is.typedArray(input)) {
     if (input.length === 0) {
       throw Error('Input Bit Array is empty');
     }
-    inputDescriptor.buffer = Buffer.from(input.buffer);
+    inputDescriptor.buffer = Buffer.from(input.buffer, input.byteOffset, input.byteLength);
   } else if (is.plainObject(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     // Plain Object descriptor, e.g. create
     inputOptions = input;
@@ -56,14 +77,22 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     }`);
   }
   if (is.object(inputOptions)) {
-    // Fail on error
+    // Deprecated: failOnError
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
       if (is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
-        inputDescriptor.failOnError = inputOptions.failOnError;
+        inputDescriptor.failOn = inputOptions.failOnError ? 'warning' : 'none';
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('failOnError', 'boolean', inputOptions.failOnError);
       }
     }
+    // failOn
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.failOn)) {
+      if (is.string(inputOptions.failOn) && is.inArray(inputOptions.failOn, ['none', 'truncated', 'error', 'warning'])) {
+        inputDescriptor.failOn = inputOptions.failOn;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('failOn', 'one of: none, truncated, error, warning', inputOptions.failOn);
+      }
+    }
     // Density
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.density)) {
       if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 100000)) {
@@ -72,16 +101,24 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 100000', inputOptions.density);
       }
     }
+    // Ignore embeddded ICC profile
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.ignoreIcc)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.ignoreIcc)) {
+        inputDescriptor.ignoreIcc = inputOptions.ignoreIcc;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('ignoreIcc', 'boolean', inputOptions.ignoreIcc);
+      }
+    }
     // limitInputPixels
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
       if (is.bool(inputOptions.limitInputPixels)) {
         inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels
           ? Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2)
           : 0;
-      } else if (is.integer(inputOptions.limitInputPixels) && inputOptions.limitInputPixels >= 0) {
+      } else if (is.integer(inputOptions.limitInputPixels) && is.inRange(inputOptions.limitInputPixels, 0, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {
         inputDescriptor.limitInputPixels = inputOptions.limitInputPixels;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer >= 0', inputOptions.limitInputPixels);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'positive integer', inputOptions.limitInputPixels);
       }
     }
     // unlimited
@@ -237,6 +274,88 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw new Error('Expected valid width, height and channels to create a new input image');
       }
     }
+    // Create a new image with text
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.text)) {
+      if (is.object(inputOptions.text) && is.string(inputOptions.text.text)) {
+        inputDescriptor.textValue = inputOptions.text.text;
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.height) && is.defined(inputOptions.text.dpi)) {
+          throw new Error('Expected only one of dpi or height');
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.font)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.font)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textFont = inputOptions.text.font;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.font', 'string', inputOptions.text.font);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.fontfile)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.fontfile)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textFontfile = inputOptions.text.fontfile;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.fontfile', 'string', inputOptions.text.fontfile);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.width)) {
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.width)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textWidth = inputOptions.text.width;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.textWidth', 'number', inputOptions.text.width);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.height)) {
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.height)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textHeight = inputOptions.text.height;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.height', 'number', inputOptions.text.height);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.align)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.align) && is.string(this.constructor.align[inputOptions.text.align])) {
+            inputDescriptor.textAlign = this.constructor.align[inputOptions.text.align];
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.align', 'valid alignment', inputOptions.text.align);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.justify)) {
+          if (is.bool(inputOptions.text.justify)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textJustify = inputOptions.text.justify;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.justify', 'boolean', inputOptions.text.justify);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.dpi)) {
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.dpi) && is.inRange(inputOptions.text.dpi, 1, 100000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textDpi = inputOptions.text.dpi;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.dpi', 'number between 1 and 100000', inputOptions.text.dpi);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.rgba)) {
+          if (is.bool(inputOptions.text.rgba)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textRgba = inputOptions.text.rgba;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.rgba', 'bool', inputOptions.text.rgba);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.spacing)) {
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.text.spacing)) {
+            inputDescriptor.textSpacing = inputOptions.text.spacing;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.spacing', 'number', inputOptions.text.spacing);
+          }
+        }
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.text.wrap)) {
+          if (is.string(inputOptions.text.wrap) && is.inArray(inputOptions.text.wrap, ['word', 'char', 'wordChar', 'none'])) {
+            inputDescriptor.textWrap = inputOptions.text.wrap;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('text.wrap', 'one of: word, char, wordChar, none', inputOptions.text.wrap);
+          }
+        }
+        delete inputDescriptor.buffer;
+      } else {
+        throw new Error('Expected a valid string to create an image with text.');
+      }
+    }
   } else if (is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     throw new Error('Invalid input options ' + inputOptions);
   }
@@ -292,18 +411,22 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
 /**
  * Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed pixel data.
  *
- * This is taken from the header of the input image.
- * It does not include operations, such as resize, to be applied to the output image.
+ * This is read from the header of the input image.
+ * It does not take into consideration any operations to be applied to the output image,
+ * such as resize or rotate.
+ *
+ * Dimensions in the response will respect the `page` and `pages` properties of the
+ * {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}.
  *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * - `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
  * - `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
- * - `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
- * - `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
- * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation)
+ * - `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration, see example below)
+ * - `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration, see example below)
+ * - `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation)
  * - `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
- * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat)
+ * - `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...](https://www.libvips.org/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsBandFormat)
  * - `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
  * - `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
  * - `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
@@ -325,6 +448,7 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
  * - `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
  * - `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
+ * - `formatMagick`: String containing format for images loaded via *magick
  *
  * @example
  * const metadata = await sharp(input).metadata();
@@ -343,6 +467,17 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  *     // data contains a WebP image half the width and height of the original JPEG
  *   });
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Based on EXIF rotation metadata, get the right-side-up width and height:
+ *
+ * const size = getNormalSize(await sharp(input).metadata());
+ *
+ * function getNormalSize({ width, height, orientation }) {
+ *   return (orientation || 0) >= 5
+ *     ? { width: height, height: width }
+ *     : { width, height };
+ * }
+ *
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
  * @returns {Promise<Object>|Sharp}
  */
@@ -360,7 +495,7 @@ function metadata (callback) {
   } else {
     if (this._isStreamInput()) {
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        this.on('finish', () => {
+        const finished = () => {
           this._flattenBufferIn();
           sharp.metadata(this.options, (err, metadata) => {
             if (err) {
@@ -369,7 +504,12 @@ function metadata (callback) {
               resolve(metadata);
             }
           });
-        });
+        };
+        if (this.writableFinished) {
+          finished();
+        } else {
+          this.once('finish', finished);
+        }
       });
     } else {
       return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -401,9 +541,9 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *     - `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  *     - `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  * - `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
- * - `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
- * - `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
- * - `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram (experimental)
+ * - `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any.
+ * - `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any.
+ * - `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram.
  *
  * **Note**: Statistics are derived from the original input image. Any operations performed on the image must first be
  * written to a buffer in order to run `stats` on the result (see third example).
@@ -485,4 +625,6 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     metadata,
     stats
   });
+  // Class attributes
+  Sharp.align = align;
 };

lib/is.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 /**
@@ -71,6 +74,14 @@ const typedArray = function (val) {
   return false;
 };
 
+/**
+ * Is this value an ArrayBuffer object?
+ * @private
+ */
+const arrayBuffer = function (val) {
+  return val instanceof ArrayBuffer;
+};
+
 /**
  * Is this value a non-empty string?
  * @private
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@ module.exports = {
   bool: bool,
   buffer: buffer,
   typedArray: typedArray,
+  arrayBuffer: arrayBuffer,
   string: string,
   number: number,
   integer: integer,

lib/libvips.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');
@@ -65,7 +68,13 @@ const isRosetta = function () {
 
 const globalLibvipsVersion = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
-    const globalLibvipsVersion = spawnSync(`PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${pkgConfigPath()}" pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`, spawnSyncOptions).stdout;
+    const globalLibvipsVersion = spawnSync('pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp', {
+      ...spawnSyncOptions,
+      env: {
+        ...env,
+        PKG_CONFIG_PATH: pkgConfigPath()
+      }
+    }).stdout;
     /* istanbul ignore next */
     return (globalLibvipsVersion || '').trim();
   } else {
@@ -83,12 +92,21 @@ const removeVendoredLibvips = function () {
   rm(vendorPath, { recursive: true, maxRetries: 3, force: true });
 };
 
+/* istanbul ignore next */
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
-    const brewPkgConfigPath = spawnSync('which brew >/dev/null 2>&1 && eval $(brew --env) && echo $PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR', spawnSyncOptions).stdout || '';
-    return [brewPkgConfigPath.trim(), env.PKG_CONFIG_PATH, '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig', '/usr/lib/pkgconfig']
-      .filter(function (p) { return !!p; })
-      .join(':');
+    const brewPkgConfigPath = spawnSync(
+      'which brew >/dev/null 2>&1 && brew environment --plain | grep PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR | cut -d" " -f2',
+      spawnSyncOptions
+    ).stdout || '';
+    return [
+      brewPkgConfigPath.trim(),
+      env.PKG_CONFIG_PATH,
+      '/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig',
+      '/usr/lib/pkgconfig',
+      '/usr/local/libdata/pkgconfig',
+      '/usr/libdata/pkgconfig'
+    ].filter(Boolean).join(':');
   } else {
     return '';
   }
@@ -100,6 +118,7 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
   }
   /* istanbul ignore next */
   if (isRosetta()) {
+    log('Detected Rosetta, skipping search for globally-installed libvips');
     return false;
   }
   const globalVipsVersion = globalLibvipsVersion();

lib/operation.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const color = require('color');
@@ -18,8 +21,11 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *
  * The use of `rotate` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
  *
- * Method order is important when both rotating and extracting regions,
- * for example `rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `extract(y).rotate(x)`.
+ * Only one rotation can occur per pipeline.
+ * Previous calls to `rotate` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
+ *
+ * Method order is important when rotating, resizing and/or extracting regions,
+ * for example `.rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `.extract(y).rotate(x)`.
  *
  * @example
  * const pipeline = sharp()
@@ -32,6 +38,16 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *   });
  * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
  *
+ * @example
+ * const rotateThenResize = await sharp(input)
+ *   .rotate(90)
+ *   .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ * const resizeThenRotate = await sharp(input)
+ *   .resize({ width: 16, height: 8, fit: 'fill' })
+ *   .rotate(90)
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
  * @param {string|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
@@ -39,6 +55,9 @@ const is = require('./is');
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function rotate (angle, options) {
+  if (this.options.useExifOrientation || this.options.angle || this.options.rotationAngle) {
+    this.options.debuglog('ignoring previous rotate options');
+  }
   if (!is.defined(angle)) {
     this.options.useExifOrientation = true;
   } else if (is.integer(angle) && !(angle % 90)) {
@@ -61,8 +80,12 @@ function rotate (angle, options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
+ * Flip the image about the vertical Y axis. This always occurs before rotation, if any.
  * The use of `flip` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).flip().toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Boolean} [flip=true]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
@@ -72,8 +95,12 @@ function flip (flip) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Flop the image about the horizontal X axis. This always occurs after rotation, if any.
+ * Flop the image about the horizontal X axis. This always occurs before rotation, if any.
  * The use of `flop` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).flop().toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Boolean} [flop=true]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
@@ -181,44 +208,113 @@ function affine (matrix, options) {
 
 /**
  * Sharpen the image.
- * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild sharpen of the output image.
- * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
- * Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is available.
  *
- * @param {number} [sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
- * @param {number} [flat=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas.
- * @param {number} [jagged=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas.
+ * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild sharpen of the output image.
+ *
+ * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
+ * Fine-grained control over the level of sharpening in "flat" (m1) and "jagged" (m2) areas is available.
+ *
+ * See {@link https://www.libvips.org/API/current/libvips-convolution.html#vips-sharpen|libvips sharpen} operation.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input).sharpen().toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input).sharpen({ sigma: 2 }).toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .sharpen({
+ *     sigma: 2,
+ *     m1: 0,
+ *     m2: 3,
+ *     x1: 3,
+ *     y2: 15,
+ *     y3: 15,
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Object|number} [options] - if present, is an Object with attributes
+ * @param {number} [options.sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`, between 0.000001 and 10
+ * @param {number} [options.m1=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas, between 0 and 1000000
+ * @param {number} [options.m2=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas, between 0 and 1000000
+ * @param {number} [options.x1=2.0] - threshold between "flat" and "jagged", between 0 and 1000000
+ * @param {number} [options.y2=10.0] - maximum amount of brightening, between 0 and 1000000
+ * @param {number} [options.y3=20.0] - maximum amount of darkening, between 0 and 1000000
+ * @param {number} [flat] - (deprecated) see `options.m1`.
+ * @param {number} [jagged] - (deprecated) see `options.m2`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
-  if (!is.defined(sigma)) {
+function sharpen (options, flat, jagged) {
+  if (!is.defined(options)) {
     // No arguments: default to mild sharpen
     this.options.sharpenSigma = -1;
-  } else if (is.bool(sigma)) {
-    // Boolean argument: apply mild sharpen?
-    this.options.sharpenSigma = sigma ? -1 : 0;
-  } else if (is.number(sigma) && is.inRange(sigma, 0.01, 10000)) {
-    // Numeric argument: specific sigma
-    this.options.sharpenSigma = sigma;
-    // Control over flat areas
+  } else if (is.bool(options)) {
+    // Deprecated boolean argument: apply mild sharpen?
+    this.options.sharpenSigma = options ? -1 : 0;
+  } else if (is.number(options) && is.inRange(options, 0.01, 10000)) {
+    // Deprecated numeric argument: specific sigma
+    this.options.sharpenSigma = options;
+    // Deprecated control over flat areas
     if (is.defined(flat)) {
       if (is.number(flat) && is.inRange(flat, 0, 10000)) {
-        this.options.sharpenFlat = flat;
+        this.options.sharpenM1 = flat;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('flat', 'number between 0 and 10000', flat);
       }
     }
-    // Control over jagged areas
+    // Deprecated control over jagged areas
     if (is.defined(jagged)) {
       if (is.number(jagged) && is.inRange(jagged, 0, 10000)) {
-        this.options.sharpenJagged = jagged;
+        this.options.sharpenM2 = jagged;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('jagged', 'number between 0 and 10000', jagged);
       }
     }
+  } else if (is.plainObject(options)) {
+    if (is.number(options.sigma) && is.inRange(options.sigma, 0.000001, 10)) {
+      this.options.sharpenSigma = options.sigma;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('options.sigma', 'number between 0.000001 and 10', options.sigma);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.m1)) {
+      if (is.number(options.m1) && is.inRange(options.m1, 0, 1000000)) {
+        this.options.sharpenM1 = options.m1;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('options.m1', 'number between 0 and 1000000', options.m1);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.m2)) {
+      if (is.number(options.m2) && is.inRange(options.m2, 0, 1000000)) {
+        this.options.sharpenM2 = options.m2;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('options.m2', 'number between 0 and 1000000', options.m2);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.x1)) {
+      if (is.number(options.x1) && is.inRange(options.x1, 0, 1000000)) {
+        this.options.sharpenX1 = options.x1;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('options.x1', 'number between 0 and 1000000', options.x1);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.y2)) {
+      if (is.number(options.y2) && is.inRange(options.y2, 0, 1000000)) {
+        this.options.sharpenY2 = options.y2;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('options.y2', 'number between 0 and 1000000', options.y2);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.y3)) {
+      if (is.number(options.y3) && is.inRange(options.y3, 0, 1000000)) {
+        this.options.sharpenY3 = options.y3;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('options.y3', 'number between 0 and 1000000', options.y3);
+      }
+    }
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.01 and 10000', sigma);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('sigma', 'number between 0.01 and 10000', options);
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -226,6 +322,13 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
 /**
  * Apply median filter.
  * When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).median().toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input).median(5).toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {number} [size=3] square mask size: size x size
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -338,6 +441,17 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
 
 /**
  * Produce the "negative" of the image.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .negate()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .negate({ alpha: false })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {Boolean} [options.alpha=true] Whether or not to negate any alpha channel
  * @returns {Sharp}
@@ -355,22 +469,68 @@ function negate (options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover the full dynamic range.
- * @param {Boolean} [normalise=true]
+ * Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover a full dynamic range.
+ *
+ * Uses a histogram-based approach, taking a default range of 1% to 99% to reduce sensitivity to noise at the extremes.
+ *
+ * Luminance values below the `lower` percentile will be underexposed by clipping to zero.
+ * Luminance values above the `upper` percentile will be overexposed by clipping to the max pixel value.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .normalise()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .normalise({ lower: 0, upper: 100 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {number} [options.lower=1] - Percentile below which luminance values will be underexposed.
+ * @param {number} [options.upper=99] - Percentile above which luminance values will be overexposed.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-function normalise (normalise) {
-  this.options.normalise = is.bool(normalise) ? normalise : true;
+function normalise (options) {
+  if (is.plainObject(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.lower)) {
+      if (is.number(options.lower) && is.inRange(options.lower, 0, 99)) {
+        this.options.normaliseLower = options.lower;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('lower', 'number between 0 and 99', options.lower);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.upper)) {
+      if (is.number(options.upper) && is.inRange(options.upper, 1, 100)) {
+        this.options.normaliseUpper = options.upper;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('upper', 'number between 1 and 100', options.upper);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (this.options.normaliseLower >= this.options.normaliseUpper) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('range', 'lower to be less than upper',
+      `${this.options.normaliseLower} >= ${this.options.normaliseUpper}`);
+  }
+  this.options.normalise = true;
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
  * Alternative spelling of normalise.
- * @param {Boolean} [normalize=true]
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .normalize()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {number} [options.lower=1] - Percentile below which luminance values will be underexposed.
+ * @param {number} [options.upper=99] - Percentile above which luminance values will be overexposed.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-function normalize (normalize) {
-  return this.normalise(normalize);
+function normalize (options) {
+  return this.normalise(options);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -381,36 +541,43 @@ function normalize (normalize) {
  *
  * @since 0.28.3
  *
+ * @example
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
+ *   .clahe({
+ *     width: 3,
+ *     height: 3,
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} options
- * @param {number} options.width - integer width of the region in pixels.
- * @param {number} options.height - integer height of the region in pixels.
- * @param {number} [options.maxSlope=3] - maximum value for the slope of the
- *  cumulative histogram. A value of 0 disables contrast limiting. Valid values
- *  are integers in the range 0-100 (inclusive)
+ * @param {number} options.width - Integral width of the search window, in pixels.
+ * @param {number} options.height - Integral height of the search window, in pixels.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxSlope=3] - Integral level of brightening, between 0 and 100, where 0 disables contrast limiting.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function clahe (options) {
-  if (!is.plainObject(options)) {
+  if (is.plainObject(options)) {
+    if (is.integer(options.width) && options.width > 0) {
+      this.options.claheWidth = options.width;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'integer greater than zero', options.width);
+    }
+    if (is.integer(options.height) && options.height > 0) {
+      this.options.claheHeight = options.height;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'integer greater than zero', options.height);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.maxSlope)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.maxSlope) && is.inRange(options.maxSlope, 0, 100)) {
+        this.options.claheMaxSlope = options.maxSlope;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('maxSlope', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.maxSlope);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'plain object', options);
   }
-  if (!('width' in options) || !is.integer(options.width) || options.width <= 0) {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'integer above zero', options.width);
-  } else {
-    this.options.claheWidth = options.width;
-  }
-  if (!('height' in options) || !is.integer(options.height) || options.height <= 0) {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'integer above zero', options.height);
-  } else {
-    this.options.claheHeight = options.height;
-  }
-  if (!is.defined(options.maxSlope)) {
-    this.options.claheMaxSlope = 3;
-  } else if (!is.integer(options.maxSlope) || options.maxSlope < 0 || options.maxSlope > 100) {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('maxSlope', 'integer 0-100', options.maxSlope);
-  } else {
-    this.options.claheMaxSlope = options.maxSlope;
-  }
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -519,26 +686,55 @@ function boolean (operand, operator, options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Apply the linear formula a * input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
- * @param {number} [a=1.0] multiplier
- * @param {number} [b=0.0] offset
+ * Apply the linear formula `a` * input + `b` to the image to adjust image levels.
+ *
+ * When a single number is provided, it will be used for all image channels.
+ * When an array of numbers is provided, the array length must match the number of channels.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * await sharp(input)
+ *   .linear(0.5, 2)
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * await sharp(rgbInput)
+ *   .linear(
+ *     [0.25, 0.5, 0.75],
+ *     [150, 100, 50]
+ *   )
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {(number|number[])} [a=[]] multiplier
+ * @param {(number|number[])} [b=[]] offset
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function linear (a, b) {
+  if (!is.defined(a) && is.number(b)) {
+    a = 1.0;
+  } else if (is.number(a) && !is.defined(b)) {
+    b = 0.0;
+  }
   if (!is.defined(a)) {
-    this.options.linearA = 1.0;
+    this.options.linearA = [];
   } else if (is.number(a)) {
+    this.options.linearA = [a];
+  } else if (Array.isArray(a) && a.length && a.every(is.number)) {
     this.options.linearA = a;
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('a', 'numeric', a);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('a', 'number or array of numbers', a);
   }
   if (!is.defined(b)) {
-    this.options.linearB = 0.0;
+    this.options.linearB = [];
   } else if (is.number(b)) {
+    this.options.linearB = [b];
+  } else if (Array.isArray(b) && b.length && b.every(is.number)) {
     this.options.linearB = b;
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('b', 'numeric', b);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('b', 'number or array of numbers', b);
+  }
+  if (this.options.linearA.length !== this.options.linearB.length) {
+    throw new Error('Expected a and b to be arrays of the same length');
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -590,28 +786,38 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
  * @since 0.22.1
  *
  * @example
- * sharp(input)
+ * // increase brightness by a factor of 2
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
- *     brightness: 2 // increase brightness by a factor of 2
- *   });
+ *     brightness: 2
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
- * sharp(input)
+ * @example
+ * // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
- *     hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
- *   });
+ *     hue: 180
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
- * sharp(input)
+ * @example
+ * // increase lightness by +50
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
- *     lightness: 50 // increase lightness by +50
- *   });
+ *     lightness: 50
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
  * // decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
- * sharp(input)
+ * const output = await sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
  *     brightness: 0.5,
  *     saturation: 0.5,
- *     hue: 90
- *   });
+ *     hue: 90,
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier

lib/output.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const path = require('path');
@@ -10,6 +13,9 @@ const formats = new Map([
   ['avif', 'avif'],
   ['jpeg', 'jpeg'],
   ['jpg', 'jpeg'],
+  ['jpe', 'jpeg'],
+  ['tile', 'tile'],
+  ['dz', 'tile'],
   ['png', 'png'],
   ['raw', 'raw'],
   ['tiff', 'tiff'],
@@ -19,10 +25,13 @@ const formats = new Map([
   ['jp2', 'jp2'],
   ['jpx', 'jp2'],
   ['j2k', 'jp2'],
-  ['j2c', 'jp2']
+  ['j2c', 'jp2'],
+  ['jxl', 'jxl']
 ]);
 
-const errJp2Save = new Error('JP2 output requires libvips with support for OpenJPEG');
+const jp2Regex = /\.jp[2x]|j2[kc]$/i;
+
+const errJp2Save = () => new Error('JP2 output requires libvips with support for OpenJPEG');
 
 const bitdepthFromColourCount = (colours) => 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math.log2(colours)));
 
@@ -55,6 +64,8 @@ const bitdepthFromColourCount = (colours) => 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math
  * `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
  * When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+ * When using the attention crop strategy also contains `attentionX` and `attentionY`, the focal point of the cropped region.
+ * May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
  * @returns {Promise<Object>} - when no callback is provided
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -64,6 +75,8 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
     err = new Error('Missing output file path');
   } else if (is.string(this.options.input.file) && path.resolve(this.options.input.file) === path.resolve(fileOut)) {
     err = new Error('Cannot use same file for input and output');
+  } else if (jp2Regex.test(fileOut) && !this.constructor.format.jp2k.output.file) {
+    err = errJp2Save();
   }
   if (err) {
     if (is.fn(callback)) {
@@ -82,6 +95,8 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  * Write output to a Buffer.
  * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and raw pixel data output are supported.
  *
+ * Use {@link toFormat} or one of the format-specific functions such as {@link jpeg}, {@link png} etc. to set the output format.
+ *
  * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except SVG input which becomes PNG output.
  *
  * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
@@ -93,6 +108,7 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  * - `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
  * When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+ * May also contain `textAutofitDpi` (dpi the font was rendered at) if image was created from text.
  *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
@@ -108,6 +124,7 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
+ *   .png()
  *   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true })
  *   .then(({ data, info }) => { ... })
  *   .catch(err => { ... });
@@ -139,6 +156,7 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
   } else if (this.options.resolveWithObject) {
     this.options.resolveWithObject = false;
   }
+  this.options.fileOut = '';
   return this._pipeline(is.fn(options) ? options : callback);
 }
 
@@ -150,6 +168,8 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  * The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
  * sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
  *
+ * EXIF metadata is unsupported for TIFF output.
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.jpg')
  *   .withMetadata()
@@ -176,7 +196,7 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
- * @param {string} [options.icc] filesystem path to output ICC profile, defaults to sRGB.
+ * @param {string} [options.icc='srgb'] Filesystem path to output ICC profile, relative to `process.cwd()`, defaults to built-in sRGB.
  * @param {Object<Object>} [options.exif={}] Object keyed by IFD0, IFD1 etc. of key/value string pairs to write as EXIF data.
  * @param {number} [options.density] Number of pixels per inch (DPI).
  * @returns {Sharp}
@@ -396,6 +416,14 @@ function png (options) {
     if (is.defined(options.adaptiveFiltering)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngAdaptiveFiltering', options.adaptiveFiltering);
     }
+    const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
+    if (is.defined(colours)) {
+      if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
+        this.options.pngBitdepth = bitdepthFromColourCount(colours);
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
+      }
+    }
     if (is.defined(options.palette)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', options.palette);
     } else if ([options.quality, options.effort, options.colours, options.colors, options.dither].some(is.defined)) {
@@ -416,14 +444,6 @@ function png (options) {
           throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 1 and 10', options.effort);
         }
       }
-      const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
-      if (is.defined(colours)) {
-        if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
-          this.options.pngBitdepth = bitdepthFromColourCount(colours);
-        } else {
-          throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
-        }
-      }
       if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
         if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
           this.options.pngDither = options.dither;
@@ -460,6 +480,8 @@ function png (options) {
  * @param {number} [options.effort=4] - CPU effort, between 0 (fastest) and 6 (slowest)
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
  * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.minSize=false] - prevent use of animation key frames to minimise file size (slow)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.mixed=false] - allow mixture of lossy and lossless animation frames (slow)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
@@ -489,14 +511,19 @@ function webp (options) {
     if (is.defined(options.smartSubsample)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('webpSmartSubsample', options.smartSubsample);
     }
-    const effort = options.effort || options.reductionEffort;
-    if (is.defined(effort)) {
-      if (is.integer(effort) && is.inRange(effort, 0, 6)) {
-        this.options.webpEffort = effort;
+    if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 0, 6)) {
+        this.options.webpEffort = options.effort;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 0 and 6', effort);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 0 and 6', options.effort);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.minSize)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpMinSize', options.minSize);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.mixed)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('webpMixed', options.mixed);
+    }
   }
   trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('webp', options);
@@ -507,13 +534,15 @@ function webp (options) {
  *
  * The first entry in the palette is reserved for transparency.
  *
+ * The palette of the input image will be re-used if possible.
+ *
  * @since 0.30.0
  *
  * @example
  * // Convert PNG to GIF
  * await sharp(pngBuffer)
  *   .gif()
- *   .toBuffer());
+ *   .toBuffer();
  *
  * @example
  * // Convert animated WebP to animated GIF
@@ -527,11 +556,21 @@ function webp (options) {
  *   .gif({ dither: 0 })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Lossy file size reduction of animated GIF
+ * await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true })
+ *   .gif({ interFrameMaxError: 8 })
+ *   .toFile('optim.gif');
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {boolean} [options.reuse=true] - re-use existing palette, otherwise generate new (slow)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
  * @param {number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, including transparency, between 2 and 256
  * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`
  * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 1 (fastest) and 10 (slowest)
  * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, between 0 (least) and 1 (most)
+ * @param {number} [options.interFrameMaxError=0] - maximum inter-frame error for transparency, between 0 (lossless) and 32
+ * @param {number} [options.interPaletteMaxError=3] - maximum inter-palette error for palette reuse, between 0 and 256
  * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
  * @param {number|number[]} [options.delay] - delay(s) between animation frames (in milliseconds)
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
@@ -540,6 +579,12 @@ function webp (options) {
  */
 function gif (options) {
   if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.reuse)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('gifReuse', options.reuse);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.progressive)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('gifProgressive', options.progressive);
+    }
     const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
     if (is.defined(colours)) {
       if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
@@ -562,6 +607,20 @@ function gif (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.interFrameMaxError)) {
+      if (is.number(options.interFrameMaxError) && is.inRange(options.interFrameMaxError, 0, 32)) {
+        this.options.gifInterFrameMaxError = options.interFrameMaxError;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('interFrameMaxError', 'number between 0.0 and 32.0', options.interFrameMaxError);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.interPaletteMaxError)) {
+      if (is.number(options.interPaletteMaxError) && is.inRange(options.interPaletteMaxError, 0, 256)) {
+        this.options.gifInterPaletteMaxError = options.interPaletteMaxError;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('interPaletteMaxError', 'number between 0.0 and 256.0', options.interPaletteMaxError);
+      }
+    }
   }
   trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('gif', options);
@@ -603,7 +662,7 @@ function gif (options) {
 /* istanbul ignore next */
 function jp2 (options) {
   if (!this.constructor.format.jp2k.output.buffer) {
-    throw errJp2Save;
+    throw errJp2Save();
   }
   if (is.object(options)) {
     if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
@@ -636,7 +695,7 @@ function jp2 (options) {
     }
     if (is.defined(options.chromaSubsampling)) {
       if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
-        this.options.heifChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
+        this.options.jp2ChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
@@ -696,7 +755,7 @@ function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
  * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
  * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
- * @param {string} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4
+ * @param {string} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: none, jpeg, deflate, packbits, ccittfax4, lzw, webp, zstd, jp2k
  * @param {string} [options.predictor='horizontal'] - compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float
  * @param {boolean} [options.pyramid=false] - write an image pyramid
  * @param {boolean} [options.tile=false] - write a tiled tiff
@@ -764,10 +823,10 @@ function tiff (options) {
     }
     // compression
     if (is.defined(options.compression)) {
-      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['lzw', 'deflate', 'jpeg', 'ccittfax4', 'none'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['none', 'jpeg', 'deflate', 'packbits', 'ccittfax4', 'lzw', 'webp', 'zstd', 'jp2k'])) {
         this.options.tiffCompression = options.compression;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4, none', options.compression);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: none, jpeg, deflate, packbits, ccittfax4, lzw, webp, zstd, jp2k', options.compression);
       }
     }
     // predictor
@@ -798,6 +857,16 @@ function tiff (options) {
  *
  * AVIF image sequences are not supported.
  *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .avif({ effort: 2 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .avif({ lossless: true })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @since 0.27.0
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
@@ -815,9 +884,14 @@ function avif (options) {
 /**
  * Use these HEIF options for output image.
  *
- * Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images requires the use of a
+ * Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images using `hevc` compression requires the use of a
  * globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
  *
+ * @example
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .heif({ compression: 'hevc' })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @since 0.23.0
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
@@ -858,12 +932,6 @@ function heif (options) {
       } else {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.effort);
       }
-    } else if (is.defined(options.speed)) {
-      if (is.integer(options.speed) && is.inRange(options.speed, 0, 9)) {
-        this.options.heifEffort = 9 - options.speed;
-      } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('speed', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.speed);
-      }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.chromaSubsampling)) {
       if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
@@ -876,6 +944,71 @@ function heif (options) {
   return this._updateFormatOut('heif', options);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Use these JPEG-XL (JXL) options for output image.
+ *
+ * This feature is experimental, please do not use in production systems.
+ *
+ * Requires libvips compiled with support for libjxl.
+ * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+ * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
+ *
+ * Image metadata (EXIF, XMP) is unsupported.
+ *
+ * @since 0.31.3
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {number} [options.distance=1.0] - maximum encoding error, between 0 (highest quality) and 15 (lowest quality)
+ * @param {number} [options.quality] - calculate `distance` based on JPEG-like quality, between 1 and 100, overrides distance if specified
+ * @param {number} [options.decodingTier=0] - target decode speed tier, between 0 (highest quality) and 4 (lowest quality)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @param {number} [options.effort=7] - CPU effort, between 3 (fastest) and 9 (slowest)
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+function jxl (options) {
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
+        // https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/blob/0aeea7f180bafd6893c1db8072dcb67d2aa5b03d/tools/cjxl_main.cc#L640-L644
+        this.options.jxlDistance = options.quality >= 30
+          ? 0.1 + (100 - options.quality) * 0.09
+          : 53 / 3000 * options.quality * options.quality - 23 / 20 * options.quality + 25;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+      }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.distance)) {
+      if (is.number(options.distance) && is.inRange(options.distance, 0, 15)) {
+        this.options.jxlDistance = options.distance;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('distance', 'number between 0.0 and 15.0', options.distance);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.decodingTier)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.decodingTier) && is.inRange(options.decodingTier, 0, 4)) {
+        this.options.jxlDecodingTier = options.decodingTier;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('decodingTier', 'integer between 0 and 4', options.decodingTier);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.lossless)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.lossless)) {
+        this.options.jxlLossless = options.lossless;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('lossless', 'boolean', options.lossless);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.effort)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.effort) && is.inRange(options.effort, 3, 9)) {
+        this.options.jxlEffort = options.effort;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('effort', 'integer between 3 and 9', options.effort);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this._updateFormatOut('jxl', options);
+}
+
 /**
  * Force output to be raw, uncompressed pixel data.
  * Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
@@ -917,9 +1050,16 @@ function raw (options) {
 
 /**
  * Use tile-based deep zoom (image pyramid) output.
+ *
  * Set the format and options for tile images via the `toFormat`, `jpeg`, `png` or `webp` functions.
  * Use a `.zip` or `.szi` file extension with `toFile` to write to a compressed archive file format.
  *
+ * The container will be set to `zip` when the output is a Buffer or Stream, otherwise it will default to `fs`.
+ *
+ * Requires libvips compiled with support for libgsf.
+ * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+ * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
+ *
  * @example
  *  sharp('input.tiff')
  *   .png()
@@ -931,6 +1071,17 @@ function raw (options) {
  *     // output_files contains 512x512 tiles grouped by zoom level
  *   });
  *
+ * @example
+ * const zipFileWithTiles = await sharp(input)
+ *   .tile({ basename: "tiles" })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const iiififier = sharp().tile({ layout: "iiif" });
+ * readableStream
+ *   .pipe(iiififier)
+ *   .pipe(writeableStream);
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
  * @param {number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
@@ -943,6 +1094,7 @@ function raw (options) {
  * @param {boolean} [options.centre=false] centre image in tile.
  * @param {boolean} [options.center=false] alternative spelling of centre.
  * @param {string} [options.id='https://example.com/iiif'] when `layout` is `iiif`/`iiif3`, sets the `@id`/`id` attribute of `info.json`
+ * @param {string} [options.basename] the name of the directory within the zip file when container is `zip`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -1024,6 +1176,14 @@ function tile (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('id', 'string', options.id);
       }
     }
+    // Basename for zip container
+    if (is.defined(options.basename)) {
+      if (is.string(options.basename)) {
+        this.options.tileBasename = options.basename;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('basename', 'string', options.basename);
+      }
+    }
   }
   // Format
   if (is.inArray(this.options.formatOut, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp'])) {
@@ -1041,6 +1201,17 @@ function tile (options) {
  * The clock starts when libvips opens an input image for processing.
  * Time spent waiting for a libuv thread to become available is not included.
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Ensure processing takes no longer than 3 seconds
+ * try {
+ *   const data = await sharp(input)
+ *     .blur(1000)
+ *     .timeout({ seconds: 3 })
+ *     .toBuffer();
+ * } catch (err) {
+ *   if (err.message.includes('timeout')) { ... }
+ * }
+ *
  * @since 0.29.2
  *
  * @param {Object} options
@@ -1135,7 +1306,7 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
             this.push(data);
           }
           this.push(null);
-          this.emit('close');
+          this.on('end', () => this.emit('close'));
         });
       });
       if (this.streamInFinished) {
@@ -1151,7 +1322,7 @@ function _pipeline (callback) {
           this.push(data);
         }
         this.push(null);
-        this.emit('close');
+        this.on('end', () => this.emit('close'));
       });
     }
     return this;
@@ -1212,6 +1383,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     tiff,
     avif,
     heif,
+    jxl,
     gif,
     raw,
     tile,

lib/platform.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
@@ -7,10 +10,12 @@ const env = process.env;
 module.exports = function () {
   const arch = env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
   const platform = env.npm_config_platform || process.platform;
-  /* istanbul ignore next */
-  const libc = (platform === 'linux' && detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinuxSync()) ? detectLibc.familySync() : '';
+  const libc = process.env.npm_config_libc ||
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    (detectLibc.isNonGlibcLinuxSync() ? detectLibc.familySync() : '');
+  const libcId = platform !== 'linux' || libc === detectLibc.GLIBC ? '' : libc;
 
-  const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];
+  const platformId = [`${platform}${libcId}`];
 
   if (arch === 'arm') {
     const fallback = process.versions.electron ? '7' : '6';

lib/resize.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const is = require('./is');
@@ -36,6 +39,18 @@ const position = {
   'left top': 8
 };
 
+/**
+ * How to extend the image.
+ * @member
+ * @private
+ */
+const extendWith = {
+  background: 'background',
+  copy: 'copy',
+  repeat: 'repeat',
+  mirror: 'mirror'
+};
+
 /**
  * Strategies for automagic cover behaviour.
  * @member
@@ -92,11 +107,18 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
   return (options.angle % 360) !== 0 || options.useExifOrientation === true || options.rotationAngle !== 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+function isResizeExpected (options) {
+  return options.width !== -1 || options.height !== -1;
+}
+
 /**
  * Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
  *
  * When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
- * - `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+ * - `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, attempt to ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
  * - `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
  * - `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
  * - `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
@@ -104,7 +126,9 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
  *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
  *
- * When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
+ * <img alt="Examples of various values for the fit property when resizing" width="100%" style="aspect-ratio: 998/243" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@main/docs/image/api-resize-fit.png">
+ *
+ * When using a **fit** of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
  * - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
  * - `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
  * - `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
@@ -123,6 +147,9 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
  * - `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling#Lanczos_kernel) with `a=2`.
  * - `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
  *
+ * Only one resize can occur per pipeline.
+ * Previous calls to `resize` in the same pipeline will be ignored.
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .resize({ width: 100 })
@@ -204,29 +231,32 @@ function isRotationExpected (options) {
  *     .toBuffer()
  *   );
  *
- * @param {number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
- * @param {number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+ * @param {number} [width] - How many pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+ * @param {number} [height] - How many pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {String} [options.width] - alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
- * @param {String} [options.height] - alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
- * @param {String} [options.fit='cover'] - how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`.
- * @param {String} [options.position='centre'] - position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`.
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
- * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - the kernel to use for image reduction.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutEnlargement=false] - do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutReduction=false] - do not reduce if the width *or* height are already greater than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.fastShrinkOnLoad=true] - take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images.
+ * @param {number} [options.width] - An alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this takes priority.
+ * @param {number} [options.height] - An alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this takes priority.
+ * @param {String} [options.fit='cover'] - How the image should be resized/cropped to fit the target dimension(s), one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`.
+ * @param {String} [options.position='centre'] - A position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour when `fit` is `contain`, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
+ * @param {String} [options.kernel='lanczos3'] - The kernel to use for image reduction. Use the `fastShrinkOnLoad` option to control kernel vs shrink-on-load.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutEnlargement=false] - Do not scale up if the width *or* height are already less than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. This may result in output dimensions smaller than the target dimensions.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutReduction=false] - Do not scale down if the width *or* height are already greater than the target dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `<` geometry option. This may still result in a crop to reach the target dimensions.
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.fastShrinkOnLoad=true] - Take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern or round-down of an auto-scaled dimension.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function resize (width, height, options) {
-  if (is.defined(width)) {
-    if (is.object(width) && !is.defined(options)) {
-      options = width;
-    } else if (is.integer(width) && width > 0) {
-      this.options.width = width;
+function resize (widthOrOptions, height, options) {
+  if (isResizeExpected(this.options)) {
+    this.options.debuglog('ignoring previous resize options');
+  }
+  if (is.defined(widthOrOptions)) {
+    if (is.object(widthOrOptions) && !is.defined(options)) {
+      options = widthOrOptions;
+    } else if (is.integer(widthOrOptions) && widthOrOptions > 0) {
+      this.options.width = widthOrOptions;
     } else {
-      throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', width);
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'positive integer', widthOrOptions);
     }
   } else {
     this.options.width = -1;
@@ -300,11 +330,15 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
       this._setBooleanOption('fastShrinkOnLoad', options.fastShrinkOnLoad);
     }
   }
+  if (isRotationExpected(this.options) && isResizeExpected(this.options)) {
+    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  }
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
- * Extends/pads the edges of the image with the provided background colour.
+ * Extend / pad / extrude one or more edges of the image with either
+ * the provided background colour or pixels derived from the image.
  * This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
  *
  * @example
@@ -330,11 +364,21 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
  *   })
  *   ...
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Extrude image by 8 pixels to the right, mirroring existing right hand edge
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .extend({
+ *     right: 8,
+ *     background: 'mirror'
+ *   })
+ *   ...
+ *
  * @param {(number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
  * @param {number} [extend.top=0]
  * @param {number} [extend.left=0]
  * @param {number} [extend.bottom=0]
  * @param {number} [extend.right=0]
+ * @param {String} [extend.extendWith='background'] - populate new pixels using this method, one of: background, copy, repeat, mirror.
  * @param {String|Object} [extend.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -375,6 +419,13 @@ function extend (extend) {
       }
     }
     this._setBackgroundColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
+    if (is.defined(extend.extendWith)) {
+      if (is.string(extendWith[extend.extendWith])) {
+        this.options.extendWith = extendWith[extend.extendWith];
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('extendWith', 'one of: background, copy, repeat, mirror', extend.extendWith);
+      }
+    }
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('extend', 'integer or object', extend);
   }
@@ -412,7 +463,10 @@ function extend (extend) {
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function extract (options) {
-  const suffix = this.options.width === -1 && this.options.height === -1 ? 'Pre' : 'Post';
+  const suffix = isResizeExpected(this.options) || this.options.widthPre !== -1 ? 'Post' : 'Pre';
+  if (this.options[`width${suffix}`] !== -1) {
+    this.options.debuglog('ignoring previous extract options');
+  }
   ['left', 'top', 'width', 'height'].forEach(function (name) {
     const value = options[name];
     if (is.integer(value) && value >= 0) {
@@ -422,32 +476,87 @@ function extract (options) {
     }
   }, this);
   // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
-    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  if (isRotationExpected(this.options) && !isResizeExpected(this.options)) {
+    if (this.options.widthPre === -1 || this.options.widthPost === -1) {
+      this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+    }
   }
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
- * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
- * Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
+ * Trim pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the given background colour, which defaults to that of the top-left pixel.
+ *
+ * Images with an alpha channel will use the combined bounding box of alpha and non-alpha channels.
+ *
+ * If the result of this operation would trim an image to nothing then no change is made.
  *
  * The `info` response Object, obtained from callback of `.toFile()` or `.toBuffer()`,
  * will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
  *
- * @param {number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
+ * @example
+ * // Trim pixels with a colour similar to that of the top-left pixel.
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .trim()
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+ *     ...
+ *   });
+ * @example
+ * // Trim pixels with the exact same colour as that of the top-left pixel.
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .trim(0)
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+ *     ...
+ *   });
+ * @example
+ * // Trim only pixels with a similar colour to red.
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .trim("#FF0000")
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+ *     ...
+ *   });
+ * @example
+ * // Trim all "yellow-ish" pixels, being more lenient with the higher threshold.
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .trim({
+ *     background: "yellow",
+ *     threshold: 42,
+ *   })
+ *   .toFile(output, function(err, info) {
+ *     ...
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @param {string|number|Object} trim - the specific background colour to trim, the threshold for doing so or an Object with both.
+ * @param {string|Object} [trim.background='top-left pixel'] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to that of the top-left pixel.
+ * @param {number} [trim.threshold=10] - the allowed difference from the above colour, a positive number.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
-function trim (threshold) {
-  if (!is.defined(threshold)) {
+function trim (trim) {
+  if (!is.defined(trim)) {
     this.options.trimThreshold = 10;
-  } else if (is.number(threshold) && threshold > 0) {
-    this.options.trimThreshold = threshold;
+  } else if (is.string(trim)) {
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('trimBackground', trim);
+    this.options.trimThreshold = 10;
+  } else if (is.number(trim)) {
+    if (trim >= 0) {
+      this.options.trimThreshold = trim;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'positive number', trim);
+    }
+  } else if (is.object(trim)) {
+    this._setBackgroundColourOption('trimBackground', trim.background);
+    if (!is.defined(trim.threshold)) {
+      this.options.trimThreshold = 10;
+    } else if (is.number(trim.threshold) && trim.threshold >= 0) {
+      this.options.trimThreshold = trim.threshold;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'positive number', trim);
+    }
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'number greater than zero', threshold);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('trim', 'string, number or object', trim);
   }
-  if (this.options.trimThreshold && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
+  if (isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
     this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
   }
   return this;

lib/sharp.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const platformAndArch = require('./platform')();
@@ -12,8 +15,11 @@ try {
     help.push('- Update Homebrew: "brew update && brew upgrade vips"');
   } else {
     const [platform, arch] = platformAndArch.split('-');
+    if (platform === 'linux' && /Module did not self-register/.test(err.message)) {
+      help.push('- Using worker threads? See https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#worker-threads');
+    }
     help.push(
-      '- Install with the --verbose flag and look for errors: "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose sharp"',
+      '- Install with verbose logging and look for errors: "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --foreground-scripts --verbose sharp"',
       `- Install for the current ${platformAndArch} runtime: "npm install --platform=${platform} --arch=${arch} sharp"`
     );
   }
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ try {
     '- Consult the installation documentation: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install'
   );
   // Check loaded
-  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32' || /symbol/.test(err.message)) {
     const loadedModule = Object.keys(require.cache).find((i) => /[\\/]build[\\/]Release[\\/]sharp(.*)\.node$/.test(i));
     if (loadedModule) {
       const [, loadedPackage] = loadedModule.match(/node_modules[\\/]([^\\/]+)[\\/]/);

lib/utility.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const fs = require('fs');
@@ -17,6 +20,10 @@ const sharp = require('./sharp');
  * @returns {Object}
  */
 const format = sharp.format();
+format.heif.output.alias = ['avif', 'heic'];
+format.jpeg.output.alias = ['jpe', 'jpg'];
+format.tiff.output.alias = ['tif'];
+format.jp2k.output.alias = ['j2c', 'j2k', 'jp2', 'jpx'];
 
 /**
  * An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values
@@ -30,16 +37,16 @@ const interpolators = {
   bilinear: 'bilinear',
   /** [Bicubic interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation) (the default). */
   bicubic: 'bicubic',
-  /** [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. */
+  /** [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. */
   locallyBoundedBicubic: 'lbb',
   /** [Nohalo interpolation](http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/). Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3. */
   nohalo: 'nohalo',
-  /** [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. */
+  /** [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. */
   vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline: 'vsqbs'
 };
 
 /**
- * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
+ * An Object containing the version numbers of sharp, libvips and its dependencies.
  * @member
  * @example
  * console.log(sharp.versions);
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ let versions = {
 try {
   versions = require(`../vendor/${versions.vips}/${platformAndArch}/versions.json`);
 } catch (_err) { /* ignore */ }
+versions.sharp = require('../package.json').version;
 
 /**
  * An Object containing the platform and architecture
@@ -103,7 +111,11 @@ cache(true);
 
 /**
  * Gets or, when a concurrency is provided, sets
- * the number of threads _libvips'_ should create to process each image.
+ * the maximum number of threads _libvips_ should use to process _each image_.
+ * These are from a thread pool managed by glib,
+ * which helps avoid the overhead of creating new threads.
+ *
+ * This method always returns the current concurrency.
  *
  * The default value is the number of CPU cores,
  * except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc,
@@ -111,10 +123,19 @@ cache(true);
  *
  * A value of `0` will reset this to the number of CPU cores.
  *
- * The maximum number of images that can be processed in parallel
- * is limited by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable.
+ * Some image format libraries spawn additional threads,
+ * e.g. libaom manages its own 4 threads when encoding AVIF images,
+ * and these are independent of the value set here.
  *
- * This method always returns the current concurrency.
+ * The maximum number of images that sharp can process in parallel
+ * is controlled by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable,
+ * which defaults to 4.
+ *
+ * https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#uv_threadpool_sizesize
+ *
+ * For example, by default, a machine with 8 CPU cores will process
+ * 4 images in parallel and use up to 8 threads per image,
+ * so there will be up to 32 concurrent threads.
  *
  * @example
  * const threads = sharp.concurrency(); // 4

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
   "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.30.0",
+  "version": "0.32.0",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -81,22 +81,28 @@
     "Taneli Vatanen <taneli.vatanen@gmail.com>",
     "Joris Dugué <zaruike10@gmail.com>",
     "Chris Banks <christopher.bradley.banks@gmail.com>",
-    "Ompal Singh <ompal.hitm09@gmail.com>"
+    "Ompal Singh <ompal.hitm09@gmail.com>",
+    "Brodan <christopher.hranj@gmail.com",
+    "Ankur Parihar <ankur.github@gmail.com>",
+    "Brahim Ait elhaj <brahima@gmail.com>",
+    "Mart Jansink <m.jansink@gmail.com>",
+    "Lachlan Newman <lachnewman007@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
     "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node install/can-compile && node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
     "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
-    "test": "npm run test-lint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing",
+    "test": "npm run test-lint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && npm run test-types",
     "test-lint": "semistandard && cpplint",
-    "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=1000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
+    "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --reporter=text --check-coverage --branches=100 mocha",
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;MIT\"",
-    "test-coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
-    "docs-build": "documentation lint lib && node docs/build && node docs/search-index/build",
+    "test-types": "tsd",
+    "docs-build": "node docs/build && node docs/search-index/build",
     "docs-serve": "cd docs && npx serve",
     "docs-publish": "cd docs && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
   },
   "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "types": "lib/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
     "binding.gyp",
     "install/**",
@@ -126,58 +132,59 @@
     "vips"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "color": "^4.2.0",
-    "detect-libc": "^2.0.0",
-    "node-addon-api": "^4.3.0",
-    "prebuild-install": "^7.0.1",
-    "semver": "^7.3.5",
+    "color": "^4.2.3",
+    "detect-libc": "^2.0.1",
+    "node-addon-api": "^6.0.0",
+    "prebuild-install": "^7.1.1",
+    "semver": "^7.3.8",
     "simple-get": "^4.0.1",
     "tar-fs": "^2.1.1",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^3.2.3",
+    "@types/node": "*",
+    "async": "^3.2.4",
     "cc": "^3.0.1",
-    "decompress-zip": "^0.3.3",
-    "documentation": "^13.2.5",
-    "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
+    "exif-reader": "^1.2.0",
+    "extract-zip": "^2.0.1",
     "icc": "^2.0.0",
+    "jsdoc-to-markdown": "^8.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^9.2.0",
-    "mock-fs": "^5.1.2",
+    "mocha": "^10.2.0",
+    "mock-fs": "^5.2.0",
     "nyc": "^15.1.0",
-    "prebuild": "^11.0.2",
-    "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
-    "semistandard": "^16.0.1"
+    "prebuild": "^11.0.4",
+    "semistandard": "^16.0.1",
+    "tsd": "^0.28.0"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.12.2",
+    "libvips": "8.14.2",
     "integrity": {
-      "darwin-arm64v8": "sha512-p46s/bbJAjkOXzPISZt9HUpG9GWjwQkYnLLRLKzsBJHLtB3X6C6Y/zXI5Hd0DOojcFkks9a0kTN+uDQ/XJY19g==",
-      "darwin-x64": "sha512-6vOHVZnvXwe6EXRsy29jdkUzBE6ElNpXUwd+m8vV7qy32AnXu7B9YemHsZ44vWviIwPZeXF6Nhd9EFLM0wWohw==",
-      "linux-arm64v8": "sha512-XwZdS63yhqLtbFtx/0eoLF/Agf5qtTrI11FMnMRpuBJWd4jHB60RAH+uzYUgoChCmKIS+AeXYMLm4d8Ns2QX8w==",
-      "linux-armv6": "sha512-Rh0Q0kqwPG2MjXWOkPCuPEyiUKFgKJYWLgS835D4MrXgdKr8Tft/eVrc2iGIxt2re30VpDiZ1h0Rby1aCZt2zw==",
-      "linux-armv7": "sha512-heTS/MsmRvu4JljINxP+vDiS9ZZfuGhr3IStb5F7Gc0/QLRhllYAg4rcO8L1eTK9sIIzG5ARvI19+YUZe7WbzA==",
-      "linux-x64": "sha512-SSWAwBFi0hx8V/h/v82tTFGKWTFv9FiCK3Timz5OExuI+sX1Ngrd0PVQaWXOThGNdel/fcD3Bz9YjSt4feBR1g==",
-      "linuxmusl-arm64v8": "sha512-Rhks+5C7p7aO6AucLT1uvzo8ohlqcqCUPgZmN+LZjsPWob/Iix3MfiDYtv/+gTvdeEfXxbCU6/YuPBwHQ7/crA==",
-      "linuxmusl-x64": "sha512-IOyjSQqpWVntqOUpCHVWuQwACwmmjdi15H8Pc+Ma1JkhPogTfVsFQWyL7DuOTD3Yr23EuYGzovUX00duOtfy/g==",
-      "win32-arm64v8": "sha512-A+Qe8Ipewtvw9ldvF6nWed2J8kphzrUE04nFeKCtNx6pfGQ/MAlCKMjt/U8VgUKNjB01zJDUW9XE0+FhGZ/UpQ==",
-      "win32-ia32": "sha512-cMrAvwFdDeAVnLJt0IPMPRKaIFhyXYGTprsM0DND9VUHE8F7dJMR44tS5YkXsGh1QNDtjKT6YuxAVUglmiXtpA==",
-      "win32-x64": "sha512-vLFIfw6aW2zABa8jpgzWDhljnE6glktrddErVyazAIoHl6BFFe/Da+LK1DbXvIYHz7fyOoKhSfCJHCiJG1Vg6w=="
+      "darwin-arm64v8": "sha512-eUuxg6H0tXgX4z2lsaGtZ4cbPAm7yoFgkvPDd4csxoiVt+QUB25pEJwiXw7oB53VlBFIp3O8lbydSFS5zH8MQQ==",
+      "darwin-x64": "sha512-cMT4v76IgzSR0VoXqLk/yftRyzMEZ+SBVMLzXCgqP/lmnYisrpmHHNqrWnoZbUUBXbPXLn6KMultYOJHe/c9ZQ==",
+      "linux-arm64v8": "sha512-OcDJ/ly80pxwaKnw0W91sSvZczPtWsjmzrY/+6NMiQZT84LkmeaRuwErbHhorKDxnl7iZuNn9Uj5V25Xmj+LDQ==",
+      "linux-armv6": "sha512-hk2ohSOYTJEtVQxEQFyQ+tuayKpYqx6NiXa7AE+8MF+yscxt+g+mLJ7TjDqtmb4ttFGH4IVfsEfU2YXIqWqkpg==",
+      "linux-armv7": "sha512-/5Ci2Cd+yLZmTaEt9lVJ89elxX3RMJpps0ESjj43X40yrwka51QfXeg1QV38uNzZpCDIZkrbXZK0lyKldjpLuA==",
+      "linux-x64": "sha512-wjCKmWfBb0uz1UB7rPDLvO0s+VWuoAY/Vv/YGCRFEQUkdSLQUgHExrOMMbOM3FleuYfQqznDYCXXphkl7X44+w==",
+      "linuxmusl-arm64v8": "sha512-QtD2n90yi+rLE65C0gksFUU5uMUFPICI/pS3A0bgthpIcoCejAOYs3ZjVWpZbHQuV/lWahIUYO78MB9CzY860A==",
+      "linuxmusl-x64": "sha512-TokQ/ETCJAsPYuxIMOPYDp25rlcwtpmIMtRUR9PB75TmZEJe7abRfCEInIPYeD8F/HxxnJSLiEdlbn1z1Jfzng==",
+      "win32-arm64v8": "sha512-IIuj4EAgLqEVAoOuYH79C61a7TcJXlU/RBwk+5JsGWc2mr4J/Ar5J01e6XBvU4Lu3eqcU+3GPaACZEa1511buA==",
+      "win32-ia32": "sha512-CsZi7lrReX3B6tmYgOGJ0IiAfcN5APDC6l+3gdosxfTfwpLLO+jXaSmyNwIGeMqrdgckG/gwwc+IrUZmkmjJ/A==",
+      "win32-x64": "sha512-J7znmNKUK4ZKo6SnSnEtzT1xRAwvkGXxIx9/QihAadu1TFdS06yNhcENmwC4973+KZBlAdVpWbZ8sLrEoWkdCA=="
     },
     "runtime": "napi",
-    "target": 5
+    "target": 7
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=12.13.0"
+    "node": ">=14.15.0"
   },
   "funding": {
     "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
   },
   "binary": {
     "napi_versions": [
-      5
+      7
     ]
   },
   "semistandard": {
@@ -190,5 +197,8 @@
     "filter": [
       "build/include"
     ]
+  },
+  "tsd": {
+    "directory": "test/types/"
   }
 }

src/common.cc

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <string>
@@ -48,6 +37,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr) {
     return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
   }
+  int64_t AttrAsInt64(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Int64Value();
+  }
   double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
     return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
   }
@@ -73,6 +65,16 @@ namespace sharp {
     }
     return vector;
   }
+  Napi::Buffer<char> NewOrCopyBuffer(Napi::Env env, char* data, size_t len) {
+    try {
+      return Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, data, len, FreeCallback);
+    } catch (Napi::Error const &err) {
+      static_cast<void>(err);
+    }
+    Napi::Buffer<char> buf = Napi::Buffer<char>::Copy(env, data, len);
+    FreeCallback(nullptr, data);
+    return buf;
+  }
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input) {
@@ -85,16 +87,18 @@ namespace sharp {
       descriptor->buffer = buffer.Data();
       descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
     }
-    descriptor->failOnError = AttrAsBool(input, "failOnError");
+    descriptor->failOn = AttrAsEnum<VipsFailOn>(input, "failOn", VIPS_TYPE_FAIL_ON);
     // Density for vector-based input
     if (HasAttr(input, "density")) {
       descriptor->density = AttrAsDouble(input, "density");
     }
+    // Should we ignore any embedded ICC profile
+    if (HasAttr(input, "ignoreIcc")) {
+      descriptor->ignoreIcc = AttrAsBool(input, "ignoreIcc");
+    }
     // Raw pixel input
     if (HasAttr(input, "rawChannels")) {
-      descriptor->rawDepth = static_cast<VipsBandFormat>(
-        vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT,
-        AttrAsStr(input, "rawDepth").data()));
+      descriptor->rawDepth = AttrAsEnum<VipsBandFormat>(input, "rawDepth", VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT);
       descriptor->rawChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawChannels");
       descriptor->rawWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawWidth");
       descriptor->rawHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawHeight");
@@ -128,11 +132,45 @@ namespace sharp {
         descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsVectorOfDouble(input, "createBackground");
       }
     }
+    // Create new image with text
+    if (HasAttr(input, "textValue")) {
+      descriptor->textValue = AttrAsStr(input, "textValue");
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textFont")) {
+        descriptor->textFont = AttrAsStr(input, "textFont");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textFontfile")) {
+        descriptor->textFontfile = AttrAsStr(input, "textFontfile");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textWidth")) {
+        descriptor->textWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "textWidth");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textHeight")) {
+        descriptor->textHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "textHeight");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textAlign")) {
+        descriptor->textAlign = AttrAsEnum<VipsAlign>(input, "textAlign", VIPS_TYPE_ALIGN);
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textJustify")) {
+        descriptor->textJustify = AttrAsBool(input, "textJustify");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textDpi")) {
+        descriptor->textDpi = AttrAsUint32(input, "textDpi");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textRgba")) {
+        descriptor->textRgba = AttrAsBool(input, "textRgba");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textSpacing")) {
+        descriptor->textSpacing = AttrAsUint32(input, "textSpacing");
+      }
+      if (HasAttr(input, "textWrap")) {
+        descriptor->textWrap = AttrAsEnum<VipsTextWrap>(input, "textWrap", VIPS_TYPE_TEXT_WRAP);
+      }
+    }
     // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
-    descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrAsUint32(input, "limitInputPixels");
+    descriptor->limitInputPixels = static_cast<uint64_t>(AttrAsInt64(input, "limitInputPixels"));
     // Allow switch from random to sequential access
     descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
-    // Remove safety features and allow unlimited SVG/PNG input
+    // Remove safety features and allow unlimited input
     descriptor->unlimited = AttrAsBool(input, "unlimited");
     return descriptor;
   }
@@ -175,6 +213,9 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsAvif(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".avif") || EndsWith(str, ".AVIF");
   }
+  bool IsJxl(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".jxl") || EndsWith(str, ".JXL");
+  }
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".dzi") || EndsWith(str, ".DZI");
   }
@@ -185,6 +226,13 @@ namespace sharp {
     return EndsWith(str, ".v") || EndsWith(str, ".V") || EndsWith(str, ".vips") || EndsWith(str, ".VIPS");
   }
 
+  /*
+    Trim space from end of string.
+  */
+  std::string TrimEnd(std::string const &str) {
+    return str.substr(0, str.find_last_not_of(" \n\r\f") + 1);
+  }
+
   /*
     Provide a string identifier for the given image type.
   */
@@ -205,6 +253,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::PPM: id = "ppm"; break;
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
       case ImageType::EXR: id = "exr"; break;
+      case ImageType::JXL: id = "jxl"; break;
       case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
@@ -245,10 +294,12 @@ namespace sharp {
     { "VipsForeignLoadMagickBuffer", ImageType::MAGICK },
     { "VipsForeignLoadMagick7File", ImageType::MAGICK },
     { "VipsForeignLoadMagick7Buffer", ImageType::MAGICK },
-    { "VipsForeignLoadOpenslide", ImageType::OPENSLIDE },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadOpenslideFile", ImageType::OPENSLIDE },
     { "VipsForeignLoadPpmFile", ImageType::PPM },
-    { "VipsForeignLoadFits", ImageType::FITS },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadFitsFile", ImageType::FITS },
     { "VipsForeignLoadOpenexr", ImageType::EXR },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJxlFile", ImageType::JXL },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJxlBuffer", ImageType::JXL },
     { "VipsForeignLoadVips", ImageType::VIPS },
     { "VipsForeignLoadVipsFile", ImageType::VIPS },
     { "VipsForeignLoadRaw", ImageType::RAW }
@@ -302,6 +353,17 @@ namespace sharp {
       imageType == ImageType::PDF;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Does this image type support removal of safety limits?
+  */
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(ImageType imageType) {
+    return
+      imageType == ImageType::JPEG ||
+      imageType == ImageType::PNG ||
+      imageType == ImageType::SVG ||
+      imageType == ImageType::HEIF;
+  }
+
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
@@ -329,8 +391,8 @@ namespace sharp {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
-              ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
-            if (descriptor->unlimited && (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PNG)) {
+              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
               option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
@@ -361,51 +423,80 @@ namespace sharp {
         }
       }
     } else {
-      if (descriptor->createChannels > 0) {
+      int const channels = descriptor->createChannels;
+      if (channels > 0) {
         // Create new image
         if (descriptor->createNoiseType == "gaussian") {
-          int const channels = descriptor->createChannels;
-          image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight);
           std::vector<VImage> bands = {};
           bands.reserve(channels);
           for (int _band = 0; _band < channels; _band++) {
-            bands.push_back(image.gaussnoise(
-              descriptor->createWidth,
-              descriptor->createHeight,
-              VImage::option()->set("mean", descriptor->createNoiseMean)->set("sigma", descriptor->createNoiseSigma)));
-          }
-          image = image.bandjoin(bands);
-          image = image.cast(VipsBandFormat::VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
-          if (channels < 3) {
-            image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
-          } else {
-            image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
+            bands.push_back(VImage::gaussnoise(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight, VImage::option()
+              ->set("mean", descriptor->createNoiseMean)
+              ->set("sigma", descriptor->createNoiseSigma)));
           }
+          image = VImage::bandjoin(bands).copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation",
+            channels < 3 ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W: VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB));
         } else {
           std::vector<double> background = {
             descriptor->createBackground[0],
             descriptor->createBackground[1],
             descriptor->createBackground[2]
           };
-          if (descriptor->createChannels == 4) {
+          if (channels == 4) {
             background.push_back(descriptor->createBackground[3]);
           }
-          image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight).new_from_image(background);
+          image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight)
+            .copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation",
+              channels < 3 ? VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W : VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB))
+            .new_from_image(background);
+        }
+        image = image.cast(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+        imageType = ImageType::RAW;
+      } else if (descriptor->textValue.length() > 0) {
+        // Create a new image with text
+        vips::VOption *textOptions = VImage::option()
+          ->set("align", descriptor->textAlign)
+          ->set("justify", descriptor->textJustify)
+          ->set("rgba", descriptor->textRgba)
+          ->set("spacing", descriptor->textSpacing)
+          ->set("wrap", descriptor->textWrap)
+          ->set("autofit_dpi", &descriptor->textAutofitDpi);
+        if (descriptor->textWidth > 0) {
+          textOptions->set("width", descriptor->textWidth);
+        }
+        // Ignore dpi if height is set
+        if (descriptor->textWidth > 0 && descriptor->textHeight > 0) {
+          textOptions->set("height", descriptor->textHeight);
+        } else if (descriptor->textDpi > 0) {
+          textOptions->set("dpi", descriptor->textDpi);
+        }
+        if (descriptor->textFont.length() > 0) {
+          textOptions->set("font", const_cast<char*>(descriptor->textFont.data()));
+        }
+        if (descriptor->textFontfile.length() > 0) {
+          textOptions->set("fontfile", const_cast<char*>(descriptor->textFontfile.data()));
+        }
+        image = VImage::text(const_cast<char *>(descriptor->textValue.data()), textOptions);
+        if (!descriptor->textRgba) {
+          image = image.copy(VImage::option()->set("interpretation", VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W));
         }
-        image.get_image()->Type = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
         imageType = ImageType::RAW;
       } else {
         // From filesystem
         imageType = DetermineImageType(descriptor->file.data());
         if (imageType == ImageType::MISSING) {
-          throw vips::VError("Input file is missing");
+          if (descriptor->file.find("<svg") != std::string::npos) {
+            throw vips::VError("Input file is missing, did you mean "
+              "sharp(Buffer.from('" + descriptor->file.substr(0, 8) + "...')?");
+          }
+          throw vips::VError("Input file is missing: " + descriptor->file);
         }
         if (imageType != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
           try {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
-              ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
-            if (descriptor->unlimited && (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PNG)) {
+              ->set("fail_on", descriptor->failOn);
+            if (descriptor->unlimited && ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(imageType)) {
               option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
             }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
@@ -436,9 +527,10 @@ namespace sharp {
         }
       }
     }
+
     // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
     if (descriptor->limitInputPixels > 0 &&
-      static_cast<uint64_t>(image.width() * image.height()) > static_cast<uint64_t>(descriptor->limitInputPixels)) {
+      static_cast<uint64_t>(image.width()) * image.height() > descriptor->limitInputPixels) {
       throw vips::VError("Input image exceeds pixel limit");
     }
     return std::make_tuple(image, imageType);
@@ -485,6 +577,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image) {
     VImage copy = image.copy();
     copy.remove(VIPS_META_ORIENTATION);
+    copy.remove("exif-ifd0-Orientation");
     return copy;
   }
 
@@ -525,6 +618,15 @@ namespace sharp {
     return copy;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Remove GIF palette from image.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveGifPalette(VImage image) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.remove("gif-palette");
+    return copy;
+  }
+
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
   */
@@ -633,7 +735,6 @@ namespace sharp {
     Event listener for progress updates, used to detect timeout
   */
   void VipsProgressCallBack(VipsImage *im, VipsProgress *progress, int *timeout) {
-    // printf("VipsProgressCallBack progress=%d run=%d timeout=%d\n", progress->percent, progress->run, *timeout);
     if (*timeout > 0 && progress->run >= *timeout) {
       vips_image_set_kill(im, TRUE);
       vips_error("timeout", "%d%% complete", progress->percent);
@@ -790,22 +891,6 @@ namespace sharp {
     return Is16Bit(interpretation) ? 65535.0 : 255.0;
   }
 
-  /*
-    Get boolean operation type from string
-  */
-  VipsOperationBoolean GetBooleanOperation(std::string const opStr) {
-    return static_cast<VipsOperationBoolean>(
-      vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_OPERATION_BOOLEAN, opStr.data()));
-  }
-
-  /*
-    Get interpretation type from string
-  */
-  VipsInterpretation GetInterpretation(std::string const typeStr) {
-    return static_cast<VipsInterpretation>(
-      vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_INTERPRETATION, typeStr.data()));
-  }
-
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
@@ -857,7 +942,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
     if (colour[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
       image = image.bandjoin(
-        VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier));
+        VImage::new_matrix(image.width(), image.height()).new_from_image(255 * multiplier).cast(image.format()));
     }
     return std::make_tuple(image, alphaColour);
   }
@@ -885,8 +970,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   }
 
   std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
-    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement) {
-    if (swap) {
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement, bool withoutReduction) {
+    if (swap && canvas != Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT) {
       // Swap input width and height when requested.
       std::swap(width, height);
     }
@@ -917,9 +1002,6 @@ namespace sharp {
           }
           break;
         case Canvas::IGNORE_ASPECT:
-          if (swap) {
-            std::swap(hshrink, vshrink);
-          }
           break;
       }
     } else if (targetWidth > 0) {
@@ -940,9 +1022,14 @@ namespace sharp {
       }
     }
 
-    // We should not enlarge (oversample) the output image,
-    // if withoutEnlargement is specified.
-    if (withoutEnlargement) {
+    // We should not reduce or enlarge the output image, if
+    // withoutReduction or withoutEnlargement is specified.
+    if (withoutReduction) {
+      // Equivalent of VIPS_SIZE_UP
+      hshrink = std::min(1.0, hshrink);
+      vshrink = std::min(1.0, vshrink);
+    } else if (withoutEnlargement) {
+      // Equivalent of VIPS_SIZE_DOWN
       hshrink = std::max(1.0, hshrink);
       vshrink = std::max(1.0, vshrink);
     }

src/common.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_COMMON_H_
 #define SRC_COMMON_H_
@@ -25,9 +14,9 @@
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
 #if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 12) || \
-  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 12 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 2)
-#error "libvips version 8.12.2+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 14) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 14 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 2)
+#error "libvips version 8.14.2+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
@@ -48,13 +37,14 @@ namespace sharp {
     std::string name;
     std::string file;
     char *buffer;
-    bool failOnError;
-    int limitInputPixels;
+    VipsFailOn failOn;
+    uint64_t limitInputPixels;
     bool unlimited;
     VipsAccess access;
     size_t bufferLength;
     bool isBuffer;
     double density;
+    bool ignoreIcc;
     VipsBandFormat rawDepth;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
@@ -71,16 +61,29 @@ namespace sharp {
     std::string createNoiseType;
     double createNoiseMean;
     double createNoiseSigma;
+    std::string textValue;
+    std::string textFont;
+    std::string textFontfile;
+    int textWidth;
+    int textHeight;
+    VipsAlign textAlign;
+    bool textJustify;
+    int textDpi;
+    bool textRgba;
+    int textSpacing;
+    VipsTextWrap textWrap;
+    int textAutofitDpi;
 
     InputDescriptor():
       buffer(nullptr),
-      failOnError(TRUE),
+      failOn(VIPS_FAIL_ON_WARNING),
       limitInputPixels(0x3FFF * 0x3FFF),
       unlimited(FALSE),
       access(VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM),
       bufferLength(0),
       isBuffer(FALSE),
       density(72.0),
+      ignoreIcc(FALSE),
       rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
@@ -95,7 +98,16 @@ namespace sharp {
       createHeight(0),
       createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
       createNoiseMean(0.0),
-      createNoiseSigma(0.0) {}
+      createNoiseSigma(0.0),
+      textWidth(0),
+      textHeight(0),
+      textAlign(VIPS_ALIGN_LOW),
+      textJustify(FALSE),
+      textDpi(72),
+      textRgba(FALSE),
+      textSpacing(0),
+      textWrap(VIPS_TEXT_WRAP_WORD),
+      textAutofitDpi(0) {}
   };
 
   // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
@@ -110,6 +122,11 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool AttrAsBool(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
   std::vector<double> AttrAsVectorOfDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
   std::vector<int32_t> AttrAsInt32Vector(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  template <class T> T AttrAsEnum(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr, GType type) {
+    return static_cast<T>(
+      vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, type, AttrAsStr(obj, attr).data()));
+  }
+  Napi::Buffer<char> NewOrCopyBuffer(Napi::Env env, char* data, size_t len);
 
   // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
   InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input);
@@ -129,6 +146,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     PPM,
     FITS,
     EXR,
+    JXL,
     VIPS,
     RAW,
     UNKNOWN,
@@ -159,10 +177,16 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsHeic(std::string const &str);
   bool IsHeif(std::string const &str);
   bool IsAvif(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsJxl(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDz(std::string const &str);
   bool IsDzZip(std::string const &str);
   bool IsV(std::string const &str);
 
+  /*
+    Trim space from end of string.
+  */
+  std::string TrimEnd(std::string const &str);
+
   /*
     Provide a string identifier for the given image type.
   */
@@ -183,6 +207,11 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType);
 
+  /*
+    Does this image type support removal of safety limits?
+  */
+  bool ImageTypeSupportsUnlimited(ImageType imageType);
+
   /*
     Open an image from the given InputDescriptor (filesystem, compressed buffer, raw pixel data)
   */
@@ -224,6 +253,11 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage RemoveAnimationProperties(VImage image);
 
+  /*
+    Remove GIF palette from image.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveGifPalette(VImage image);
+
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
   */
@@ -307,16 +341,6 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   double MaximumImageAlpha(VipsInterpretation const interpretation);
 
-  /*
-    Get boolean operation type from string
-  */
-  VipsOperationBoolean GetBooleanOperation(std::string const opStr);
-
-  /*
-    Get interpretation type from string
-  */
-  VipsInterpretation GetInterpretation(std::string const typeStr);
-
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
@@ -345,7 +369,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     the required thumbnail width/height and canvas mode.
   */
   std::pair<double, double> ResolveShrink(int width, int height, int targetWidth, int targetHeight,
-    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement);
+    Canvas canvas, bool swap, bool withoutEnlargement, bool withoutReduction);
 
 }  // namespace sharp
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
-#include <vips/intl.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VError.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
-#include <vips/intl.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
-#include <vips/intl.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
@@ -733,7 +732,7 @@ VImage::write_to_buffer( const char *suffix, void **buf, size_t *size,
 				set( "in", *this )->
 				set( "target", target ) );
 
-		g_object_get( target.get_target(), "blob", &blob, NULL );
+		g_object_get( target.get_target(), "blob", &blob, (void *) NULL );
 	}
 	else if( (operation_name = vips_foreign_find_save_buffer( filename )) ) {
 		call_option_string( operation_name, option_string,
@@ -778,6 +777,32 @@ VImage::write_to_target( const char *suffix, VTarget target,
 			set( "target", target ) );
 }
 
+VRegion
+VImage::region() const
+{
+	return VRegion::new_from_image( *this );
+}
+
+VRegion
+VImage::region( VipsRect *rect ) const
+{
+	VRegion region = VRegion::new_from_image( *this );
+
+	region.prepare( rect );
+
+	return region;
+}
+
+VRegion
+VImage::region( int left, int top, int width, int height ) const
+{
+	VRegion region = VRegion::new_from_image( *this );
+
+	region.prepare( left, top, width, height );
+
+	return region;
+}
+
 #include "vips-operators.cpp"
 
 std::vector<VImage>

src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include <config.h>
 #endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
-#include <vips/intl.h>
 
 #include <vips/vips8>
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VRegion.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Object part of VRegion class
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include <config.h>
+#endif /*HAVE_CONFIG_H*/
+
+#include <vips/vips8>
+
+#include <vips/debug.h>
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_START
+
+VRegion
+VRegion::new_from_image( VImage image )
+{
+	VipsRegion *region;
+
+	if( !(region = vips_region_new( image.get_image() )) ) {
+		throw VError();
+	}
+
+	VRegion out( region );
+
+	return( out );
+}
+
+VIPS_NAMESPACE_END

src/libvips/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 // bodies for vips operations
-// Mon Nov  1 03:31:09 PM CET 2021
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!
 
 VImage VImage::CMC2LCh( VOption *options ) const
@@ -943,6 +942,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::dzsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::dzsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "dzsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::embed( int x, int y, int width, int height, VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -3521,6 +3528,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::tiffsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::tiffsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "tiffsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::tilecache( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -3664,6 +3679,13 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::webpsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::webpsave_mime( VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "webpsave_mime",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this ) );
+}
+
 void VImage::webpsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "webpsave_target",

src/metadata.cc

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
@@ -80,6 +69,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT) == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
         baton->resolutionUnit = image.get_string(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT);
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("magick-format") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        baton->formatMagick = image.get_string("magick-format");
+      }
       if (image.get_typeof("openslide.level-count") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
         int const levels = std::stoi(image.get_string("openslide.level-count"));
         for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++) {
@@ -153,7 +145,7 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
+      debuglog.MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
@@ -204,6 +196,9 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       if (!baton->resolutionUnit.empty()) {
         info.Set("resolutionUnit", baton->resolutionUnit == "in" ? "inch" : baton->resolutionUnit);
       }
+      if (!baton->formatMagick.empty()) {
+        info.Set("formatMagick", baton->formatMagick);
+      }
       if (!baton->levels.empty()) {
         int i = 0;
         Napi::Array levels = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->levels.size()));
@@ -235,24 +230,24 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
         info.Set("orientation", baton->orientation);
       }
       if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
-        info.Set("exif", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+        info.Set("exif", sharp::NewOrCopyBuffer(env, baton->exif, baton->exifLength));
       }
       if (baton->iccLength > 0) {
-        info.Set("icc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->icc, baton->iccLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+        info.Set("icc", sharp::NewOrCopyBuffer(env, baton->icc, baton->iccLength));
       }
       if (baton->iptcLength > 0) {
-        info.Set("iptc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+        info.Set("iptc", sharp::NewOrCopyBuffer(env, baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength));
       }
       if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
-        info.Set("xmp", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+        info.Set("xmp", sharp::NewOrCopyBuffer(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength));
       }
       if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
         info.Set("tifftagPhotoshop",
-          Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+          sharp::NewOrCopyBuffer(env, baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength));
       }
       Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
     } else {
-      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, sharp::TrimEnd(baton->err)).Value() });
     }
 
     delete baton->input;
@@ -270,7 +265,7 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   MetadataBaton *baton = new MetadataBaton;
-  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
   baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
@@ -279,7 +274,7 @@ Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  Napi::Function callback = info[size_t(1)].As<Napi::Function>();
   MetadataWorker *worker = new MetadataWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
   worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
   worker->Queue();

src/metadata.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_METADATA_H_
 #define SRC_METADATA_H_
@@ -41,6 +30,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int pagePrimary;
   std::string compression;
   std::string resolutionUnit;
+  std::string formatMagick;
   std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> levels;
   int subifds;
   std::vector<double> background;

src/operations.cc

@@ -1,23 +1,11 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
-
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -57,7 +45,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Stretch luminance to cover full dynamic range.
    */
-  VImage Normalise(VImage image) {
+  VImage Normalise(VImage image, int const lower, int const upper) {
     // Get original colourspace
     VipsInterpretation typeBeforeNormalize = image.interpretation();
     if (typeBeforeNormalize == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB) {
@@ -67,11 +55,12 @@ namespace sharp {
     VImage lab = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAB);
     // Extract luminance
     VImage luminance = lab[0];
+
     // Find luminance range
-    VImage stats = luminance.stats();
-    double min = stats(0, 0)[0];
-    double max = stats(1, 0)[0];
-    if (min != max) {
+    int const min = lower == 0 ? luminance.min() : luminance.percent(lower);
+    int const max = upper == 100 ? luminance.max() : luminance.percent(upper);
+
+    if (std::abs(max - min) > 1) {
       // Extract chroma
       VImage chroma = lab.extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", 2));
       // Calculate multiplication factor and addition
@@ -112,6 +101,19 @@ namespace sharp {
     }
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Flatten image to remove alpha channel
+   */
+  VImage Flatten(VImage image, std::vector<double> flattenBackground) {
+    double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
+    std::vector<double> background {
+      flattenBackground[0] * multiplier,
+      flattenBackground[1] * multiplier,
+      flattenBackground[2] * multiplier
+    };
+    return image.flatten(VImage::option()->set("background", background));
+  }
+
   /**
    * Produce the "negative" of the image.
    */
@@ -209,7 +211,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Sharpen flat and jagged areas. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast sharpen.
    */
-  VImage Sharpen(VImage image, double const sigma, double const flat, double const jagged) {
+  VImage Sharpen(VImage image, double const sigma, double const m1, double const m2,
+    double const x1, double const y2, double const y3) {
     if (sigma == -1.0) {
       // Fast, mild sharpen
       VImage sharpen = VImage::new_matrixv(3, 3,
@@ -224,8 +227,14 @@ namespace sharp {
       if (colourspaceBeforeSharpen == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB) {
         colourspaceBeforeSharpen = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
       }
-      return image.sharpen(
-        VImage::option()->set("sigma", sigma)->set("m1", flat)->set("m2", jagged))
+      return image
+        .sharpen(VImage::option()
+          ->set("sigma", sigma)
+          ->set("m1", m1)
+          ->set("m2", m2)
+          ->set("x1", x1)
+          ->set("y2", y2)
+          ->set("y3", y3))
         .colourspace(colourspaceBeforeSharpen);
     }
   }
@@ -255,45 +264,80 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Trim an image
   */
-  VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold) {
+  VImage Trim(VImage image, std::vector<double> background, double threshold) {
     if (image.width() < 3 && image.height() < 3) {
       throw VError("Image to trim must be at least 3x3 pixels");
     }
-    // Top-left pixel provides the background colour
-    VImage background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
-    if (HasAlpha(background)) {
-      background = background.flatten();
+
+    // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
+    double multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
+    threshold *= multiplier;
+
+    std::vector<double> backgroundAlpha(1);
+    if (background.size() == 0) {
+      // Top-left pixel provides the default background colour if none is given
+      background = image.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1)(0, 0);
+      multiplier = 1.0;
+    }
+    if (HasAlpha(image) && background.size() == 4) {
+      // Just discard the alpha because flattening the background colour with
+      // itself (effectively what find_trim() does) gives the same result
+      backgroundAlpha[0] = background[3] * multiplier;
+    }
+    if (image.bands() > 2) {
+      background = {
+        background[0] * multiplier,
+        background[1] * multiplier,
+        background[2] * multiplier
+      };
+    } else {
+      background[0] = background[0] * multiplier;
     }
     int left, top, width, height;
     left = image.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
-      ->set("background", background(0, 0))
+      ->set("background", background)
       ->set("threshold", threshold));
-    if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
-      if (HasAlpha(image)) {
-        // Search alpha channel
-        VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
-        VImage backgroundAlpha = alpha.extract_area(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        left = alpha.find_trim(&top, &width, &height, VImage::option()
-          ->set("background", backgroundAlpha(0, 0))
-          ->set("threshold", threshold));
-      }
-      if (width == 0 || height == 0) {
-        throw VError("Unexpected error while trimming. Try to lower the tolerance");
+    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+      // Search alpha channel (A)
+      int leftA, topA, widthA, heightA;
+      VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+      leftA = alpha.find_trim(&topA, &widthA, &heightA, VImage::option()
+        ->set("background", backgroundAlpha)
+        ->set("threshold", threshold));
+      if (widthA > 0 && heightA > 0) {
+        if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
+          // Combined bounding box (B)
+          int const leftB = std::min(left, leftA);
+          int const topB = std::min(top, topA);
+          int const widthB = std::max(left + width, leftA + widthA) - leftB;
+          int const heightB = std::max(top + height, topA + heightA) - topB;
+          return image.extract_area(leftB, topB, widthB, heightB);
+        } else {
+          // Use alpha only
+          return image.extract_area(leftA, topA, widthA, heightA);
+        }
       }
     }
-    return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
+    if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
+      return image.extract_area(left, top, width, height);
+    }
+    return image;
   }
 
   /*
    * Calculate (a * in + b)
    */
-  VImage Linear(VImage image, double const a, double const b) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+  VImage Linear(VImage image, std::vector<double> const a, std::vector<double> const b) {
+    size_t const bands = static_cast<size_t>(image.bands());
+    if (a.size() > bands) {
+      throw VError("Band expansion using linear is unsupported");
+    }
+    if (HasAlpha(image) && a.size() != bands && (a.size() == 1 || a.size() == bands - 1 || bands - 1 == 1)) {
       // Separate alpha channel
-      VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
-      return RemoveAlpha(image).linear(a, b).bandjoin(alpha);
+      VImage alpha = image[bands - 1];
+      return RemoveAlpha(image).linear(a, b, VImage::option()->set("uchar", TRUE)).bandjoin(alpha);
     } else {
-      return image.linear(a, b);
+      return image.linear(a, b, VImage::option()->set("uchar", TRUE));
     }
   }
 
@@ -341,11 +385,11 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
    */
   VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
-                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
+                        VipsExtend extendWith, std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight) {
     if (top == 0 && height == *pageHeight) {
       // Fast path; no need to adjust the height of the multi-page image
       return image.embed(left, 0, width, image.height(), VImage::option()
-        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("extend", extendWith)
         ->set("background", background));
     } else if (left == 0 && width == image.width()) {
       // Fast path; no need to adjust the width of the multi-page image
@@ -357,7 +401,7 @@ namespace sharp {
 
       // Do the embed on the wide image
       image = image.embed(0, top, image.width(), height, VImage::option()
-        ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+        ->set("extend", extendWith)
         ->set("background", background));
 
       // Split the wide image into frames
@@ -387,7 +431,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       // Embed each frame in the target size
       for (int i = 0; i < nPages; i++) {
         pages[i] = pages[i].embed(left, top, width, height, VImage::option()
-          ->set("extend", VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND)
+          ->set("extend", extendWith)
           ->set("background", background));
       }
 

src/operations.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_OPERATIONS_H_
 #define SRC_OPERATIONS_H_
@@ -33,7 +22,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Stretch luminance to cover full dynamic range.
    */
-  VImage Normalise(VImage image);
+  VImage Normalise(VImage image, int const lower, int const upper);
 
   /*
    * Contrast limiting adapative histogram equalization (CLAHE)
@@ -45,6 +34,11 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage Gamma(VImage image, double const exponent);
 
+  /*
+   * Flatten image to remove alpha channel
+   */
+  VImage Flatten(VImage image, std::vector<double> flattenBackground);
+
   /*
    * Produce the "negative" of the image.
    */
@@ -64,7 +58,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
    * Sharpen flat and jagged areas. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast sharpen.
    */
-  VImage Sharpen(VImage image, double const sigma, double const flat, double const jagged);
+  VImage Sharpen(VImage image, double const sigma, double const m1, double const m2,
+    double const x1, double const y2, double const y3);
 
   /*
     Threshold an image
@@ -84,12 +79,12 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Trim an image
   */
-  VImage Trim(VImage image, double const threshold);
+  VImage Trim(VImage image, std::vector<double> background, double const threshold);
 
   /*
    * Linear adjustment (a * in + b)
    */
-  VImage Linear(VImage image, double const a, double const b);
+  VImage Linear(VImage image, std::vector<double> const a,  std::vector<double> const b);
 
   /*
    * Recomb with a Matrix of the given bands/channel size.
@@ -118,7 +113,7 @@ namespace sharp {
    * Split into frames, embed each frame, reassemble, and update pageHeight.
    */
   VImage EmbedMultiPage(VImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height,
-                        std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight);
+                        VipsExtend extendWith, std::vector<double> background, int nPages, int *pageHeight);
 
 }  // namespace sharp
 

src/pipeline.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_PIPELINE_H_
 #define SRC_PIPELINE_H_
@@ -67,15 +56,18 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int width;
   int height;
   int channels;
+  VipsKernel kernel;
   sharp::Canvas canvas;
   int position;
   std::vector<double> resizeBackground;
   bool hasCropOffset;
   int cropOffsetLeft;
   int cropOffsetTop;
+  bool hasAttentionCenter;
+  int attentionX;
+  int attentionY;
   bool premultiplied;
   bool tileCentre;
-  std::string kernel;
   bool fastShrinkOnLoad;
   double tintA;
   double tintB;
@@ -90,19 +82,25 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double lightness;
   int medianSize;
   double sharpenSigma;
-  double sharpenFlat;
-  double sharpenJagged;
+  double sharpenM1;
+  double sharpenM2;
+  double sharpenX1;
+  double sharpenY2;
+  double sharpenY3;
   int threshold;
   bool thresholdGrayscale;
+  std::vector<double> trimBackground;
   double trimThreshold;
   int trimOffsetLeft;
   int trimOffsetTop;
-  double linearA;
-  double linearB;
+  std::vector<double> linearA;
+  std::vector<double> linearB;
   double gamma;
   double gammaOut;
   bool greyscale;
   bool normalise;
+  int normaliseLower;
+  int normaliseUpper;
   int claheWidth;
   int claheHeight;
   int claheMaxSlope;
@@ -118,6 +116,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendLeft;
   int extendRight;
   std::vector<double> extendBackground;
+  VipsExtend extendWith;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
   bool withoutReduction;
   std::vector<double> affineMatrix;
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double affineIdy;
   double affineOdx;
   double affineOdy;
-  vips::VInterpolate affineInterpolator;
+  std::string affineInterpolator;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
@@ -154,9 +153,15 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool webpLossless;
   bool webpSmartSubsample;
   int webpEffort;
+  bool webpMinSize;
+  bool webpMixed;
   int gifBitdepth;
   int gifEffort;
   double gifDither;
+  double gifInterFrameMaxError;
+  double gifInterPaletteMaxError;
+  bool gifReuse;
+  bool gifProgressive;
   int tiffQuality;
   VipsForeignTiffCompression tiffCompression;
   VipsForeignTiffPredictor tiffPredictor;
@@ -173,6 +178,10 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int heifEffort;
   std::string heifChromaSubsampling;
   bool heifLossless;
+  double jxlDistance;
+  int jxlDecodingTier;
+  int jxlEffort;
+  bool jxlLossless;
   VipsBandFormat rawDepth;
   std::string err;
   bool withMetadata;
@@ -206,6 +215,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int tileSkipBlanks;
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
   std::string tileId;
+  std::string tileBasename;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
 
   PipelineBaton():
@@ -214,12 +224,16 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     topOffsetPre(-1),
     topOffsetPost(-1),
     channels(0),
+    kernel(VIPS_KERNEL_LANCZOS3),
     canvas(sharp::Canvas::CROP),
     position(0),
     resizeBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     hasCropOffset(false),
     cropOffsetLeft(0),
     cropOffsetTop(0),
+    hasAttentionCenter(false),
+    attentionX(0),
+    attentionY(0),
     premultiplied(false),
     tintA(128.0),
     tintB(128.0),
@@ -234,18 +248,24 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     lightness(0),
     medianSize(0),
     sharpenSigma(0.0),
-    sharpenFlat(1.0),
-    sharpenJagged(2.0),
+    sharpenM1(1.0),
+    sharpenM2(2.0),
+    sharpenX1(2.0),
+    sharpenY2(10.0),
+    sharpenY3(20.0),
     threshold(0),
     thresholdGrayscale(true),
+    trimBackground{},
     trimThreshold(0.0),
     trimOffsetLeft(0),
     trimOffsetTop(0),
-    linearA(1.0),
-    linearB(0.0),
+    linearA{},
+    linearB{},
     gamma(0.0),
     greyscale(false),
     normalise(false),
+    normaliseLower(1),
+    normaliseUpper(99),
     claheWidth(0),
     claheHeight(0),
     claheMaxSlope(3),
@@ -260,6 +280,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     extendLeft(0),
     extendRight(0),
     extendBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
+    extendWith(VIPS_EXTEND_BACKGROUND),
     withoutEnlargement(false),
     withoutReduction(false),
     affineMatrix{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 },
@@ -268,7 +289,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     affineIdy(0),
     affineOdx(0),
     affineOdy(0),
-    affineInterpolator(vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name("bicubic")),
+    affineInterpolator("bicubic"),
     jpegQuality(80),
     jpegProgressive(false),
     jpegChromaSubsampling("4:2:0"),
@@ -296,6 +317,15 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     webpLossless(false),
     webpSmartSubsample(false),
     webpEffort(4),
+    webpMinSize(false),
+    webpMixed(false),
+    gifBitdepth(8),
+    gifEffort(7),
+    gifDither(1.0),
+    gifInterFrameMaxError(0.0),
+    gifInterPaletteMaxError(3.0),
+    gifReuse(true),
+    gifProgressive(false),
     tiffQuality(80),
     tiffCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG),
     tiffPredictor(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL),
@@ -312,6 +342,10 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     heifEffort(4),
     heifChromaSubsampling("4:4:4"),
     heifLossless(false),
+    jxlDistance(1.0),
+    jxlDecodingTier(0),
+    jxlEffort(7),
+    jxlLossless(false),
     rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),

src/sharp.cc

@@ -1,19 +1,7 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <napi.h>
-#include <cstdlib>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -22,16 +10,7 @@
 #include "utilities.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400  // MSVC 2005/8
-static void empty_invalid_parameter_handler(const wchar_t* expression,
-  const wchar_t* function, const wchar_t* file, unsigned int line,
-  uintptr_t reserved) {
-  // No-op.
-}
-#endif
-
 static void* sharp_vips_init(void*) {
-  g_setenv("VIPS_MIN_STACK_SIZE", "2m", FALSE);
   vips_init("sharp");
   return nullptr;
 }
@@ -43,13 +22,6 @@ Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
   g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
     static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
 
-  // Tell the CRT to not exit the application when an invalid parameter is
-  // passed. The main issue is that invalid FDs will trigger this behaviour.
-  // See: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/pull/2571.
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400  // MSVC 2005/8
-  _set_invalid_parameter_handler(empty_invalid_parameter_handler);
-#endif
-
   // Methods available to JavaScript
   exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
   exports.Set("pipeline", Napi::Function::New(env, pipeline));

src/stats.cc

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
@@ -117,7 +106,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
+      debuglog.MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
@@ -154,7 +143,7 @@ class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
       info.Set("dominant", dominant);
       Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
     } else {
-      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, sharp::TrimEnd(baton->err)).Value() });
     }
 
     delete baton->input;
@@ -172,16 +161,17 @@ class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
 Napi::Value stats(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   StatsBaton *baton = new StatsBaton;
-  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
   baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
+  baton->input->access = VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
   Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  Napi::Function callback = info[size_t(1)].As<Napi::Function>();
   StatsWorker *worker = new StatsWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
   worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
   worker->Queue();

src/stats.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_STATS_H_
 #define SRC_STATS_H_

src/utilities.cc

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <string>
@@ -30,16 +19,16 @@ Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   Napi::Env env = info.Env();
 
   // Set memory limit
-  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_mem(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value() * 1048576);
+  if (info[size_t(0)].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_mem(info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value() * 1048576);
   }
   // Set file limit
-  if (info[1].IsNumber()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_files(info[1].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
+  if (info[size_t(1)].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_files(info[size_t(1)].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Set items limit
-  if (info[2].IsNumber()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max(info[2].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
+  if (info[size_t(2)].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max(info[size_t(2)].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
 
   // Get memory stats
@@ -69,8 +58,8 @@ Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
 */
 Napi::Value concurrency(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set concurrency
-  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
-    vips_concurrency_set(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
+  if (info[size_t(0)].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_concurrency_set(info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Get concurrency
   return Napi::Number::New(info.Env(), vips_concurrency_get());
@@ -91,8 +80,8 @@ Napi::Value counters(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
 */
 Napi::Value simd(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set state
-  if (info[0].IsBoolean()) {
-    vips_vector_set_enabled(info[0].As<Napi::Boolean>().Value());
+  if (info[size_t(0)].IsBoolean()) {
+    vips_vector_set_enabled(info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::Boolean>().Value());
   }
   // Get state
   return Napi::Boolean::New(info.Env(), vips_vector_isenabled());
@@ -115,17 +104,28 @@ Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   Napi::Object format = Napi::Object::New(env);
   for (std::string const f : {
     "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
-    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k"
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k", "jxl"
   }) {
     // Input
-    Napi::Boolean hasInputFile =
-      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str()));
+    const VipsObjectClass *oc = vips_class_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str());
+    Napi::Boolean hasInputFile = Napi::Boolean::New(env, oc);
     Napi::Boolean hasInputBuffer =
       Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load_buffer").c_str()));
     Napi::Object input = Napi::Object::New(env);
     input.Set("file", hasInputFile);
     input.Set("buffer", hasInputBuffer);
     input.Set("stream", hasInputBuffer);
+    if (hasInputFile) {
+      const VipsForeignClass *fc = VIPS_FOREIGN_CLASS(oc);
+      if (fc->suffs) {
+        Napi::Array fileSuffix = Napi::Array::New(env);
+        const char **suffix = fc->suffs;
+        for (int i = 0; *suffix; i++, suffix++) {
+          fileSuffix.Set(i, Napi::String::New(env, *suffix));
+        }
+        input.Set("fileSuffix", fileSuffix);
+      }
+    }
     // Output
     Napi::Boolean hasOutputFile =
       Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save").c_str()));
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
 
   // Open input files
   VImage image1;
-  sharp::ImageType imageType1 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  sharp::ImageType imageType1 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
   if (imageType1 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
+      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(info[size_t(0)].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
       throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 has corrupt header");
     }
@@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
     throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 is of an unsupported image format");
   }
   VImage image2;
-  sharp::ImageType imageType2 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  sharp::ImageType imageType2 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[size_t(1)].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
   if (imageType2 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
+      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(info[size_t(1)].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
       throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 2 has corrupt header");
     }

src/utilities.h

@@ -1,16 +1,5 @@
-// Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #ifndef SRC_UTILITIES_H_
 #define SRC_UTILITIES_H_

test/beforeEach.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+'use strict';
+
+const sharp = require('../');
+
+const usingCache = !process.env.G_DEBUG;
+const usingSimd = !process.env.VIPS_NOVECTOR;
+const concurrency = Number(process.env.VIPS_CONCURRENCY) || 0;
+
+exports.mochaHooks = {
+  beforeEach () {
+    sharp.cache(usingCache);
+    sharp.simd(usingSimd);
+    sharp.concurrency(concurrency);
+  },
+
+  afterEach () {
+    if (global.gc) {
+      global.gc();
+    }
+  }
+};

test/bench/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+ARG BRANCH=main
+
+# Install basic dependencies
+RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y build-essential curl git
+
+# Install latest Node.js LTS
+RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
+RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
+
+# Install benchmark dependencies
+RUN apt-get install -y imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick
+
+# Install sharp
+RUN mkdir /tmp/sharp
+RUN cd /tmp && git clone --single-branch --branch $BRANCH https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
+RUN cd /tmp/sharp && npm install --build-from-source
+
+# Install benchmark test
+RUN cd /tmp/sharp/test/bench && npm install --omit optional
+
+RUN cat /etc/os-release | grep VERSION=
+RUN node -v
+
+WORKDIR /tmp/sharp/test/bench
+CMD [ "node", "perf" ]

test/bench/package.json

@@ -7,16 +7,19 @@
   "scripts": {
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "@squoosh/cli": "0.7.2",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@squoosh/cli": "0.7.3",
     "@squoosh/lib": "0.4.0",
-    "async": "3.2.3",
+    "async": "3.2.4",
     "benchmark": "2.1.4",
-    "gm": "1.23.1",
+    "gm": "1.25.0",
     "imagemagick": "0.1.3",
-    "jimp": "0.16.1",
-    "mapnik": "4.5.9",
-    "semver": "7.3.5"
+    "jimp": "0.22.7",
+    "semver": "7.3.8"
+  },
+  "optionalDependencies": {
+    "@tensorflow/tfjs-node": "4.2.0",
+    "mapnik": "4.5.9"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {

test/bench/parallel.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE = 64;

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const os = require('os');
@@ -5,16 +8,24 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const { exec } = require('child_process');
 
 const async = require('async');
-const assert = require('assert');
 const Benchmark = require('benchmark');
 
+const safeRequire = (name) => {
+  try {
+    return require(name);
+  } catch (err) {}
+  return null;
+};
+
 // Contenders
 const sharp = require('../../');
 const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
-const mapnik = require('mapnik');
+const mapnik = safeRequire('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
 const squoosh = require('@squoosh/lib');
+process.env.TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL = 1;
+const tfjs = safeRequire('@tensorflow/tfjs-node');
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
@@ -24,6 +35,7 @@ const outputWebP = fixtures.path('output.webp');
 
 const width = 720;
 const height = 588;
+const heightPng = 540;
 
 // Disable libvips cache to ensure tests are as fair as they can be
 sharp.cache(false);
@@ -137,7 +149,7 @@ async.series({
       }
     });
     // mapnik
-    jpegSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
+    mapnik && jpegSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         mapnik.Image.open(fixtures.inputJpg, function (err, img) {
@@ -212,11 +224,10 @@ async.series({
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
           .quality(80)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -243,16 +254,33 @@ async.series({
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
           .quality(80)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
       }
     });
+    // tfjs
+    tfjs && jpegSuite.add('tfjs-node-buffer-buffer', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        const decoded = tfjs.node.decodeJpeg(inputJpgBuffer);
+        const resized = tfjs.image.resizeBilinear(decoded, [height, width]);
+        tfjs
+          .node
+          .encodeJpeg(resized, 'rgb', 80)
+          .then(function () {
+            deferred.resolve();
+            tfjs.disposeVariables();
+          })
+          .catch(function (err) {
+            throw err;
+          });
+      }
+    });
     // sharp
     jpegSuite.add('sharp-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -272,11 +300,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -311,11 +338,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -326,8 +352,7 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .toBuffer()
-          .then(function (buffer) {
-            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+          .then(function () {
             deferred.resolve();
           })
           .catch(function (err) {
@@ -350,11 +375,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .sharpen()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -365,11 +389,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .sharpen(3, 1, 3)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -380,11 +403,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .blur()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -395,11 +417,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .blur(3)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -410,11 +431,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .gamma()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -425,11 +445,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .normalise()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -440,11 +459,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .greyscale()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -456,11 +474,10 @@ async.series({
           .resize(width, height)
           .gamma()
           .greyscale()
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -471,11 +488,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .jpeg({ progressive: true })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -486,11 +502,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
           .jpeg({ chromaSubsampling: '4:4:4' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -501,11 +516,10 @@ async.series({
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .rotate(90)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -516,26 +530,24 @@ async.series({
         sharp.simd(false);
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             sharp.simd(true);
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
       }
-    }).add('sharp-sequentialRead', {
+    }).add('sharp-random-access-read', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer, { sequentialRead: true })
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer, { sequentialRead: false })
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -548,11 +560,10 @@ async.series({
             fit: 'cover',
             position: sharp.strategy.entropy
           })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -565,11 +576,10 @@ async.series({
             fit: 'cover',
             position: sharp.strategy.attention
           })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -588,11 +598,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'cubic' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -602,11 +611,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'lanczos2' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -616,11 +624,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height, { kernel: 'lanczos3' })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -645,7 +652,7 @@ async.series({
             throw err;
           } else {
             image
-              .resize(width, height)
+              .resize(width, heightPng)
               .deflateLevel(6)
               .filterType(0)
               .getBuffer(jimp.MIME_PNG, function (err) {
@@ -666,7 +673,7 @@ async.series({
             throw err;
           } else {
             image
-              .resize(width, height)
+              .resize(width, heightPng)
               .deflateLevel(6)
               .filterType(0)
               .write(outputPng, function (err) {
@@ -680,21 +687,74 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
+    // squoosh-cli
+    pngSuite.add('squoosh-cli-file-file', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        exec(`./node_modules/.bin/squoosh-cli \
+          --output-dir ${os.tmpdir()} \
+          --resize '{"enabled":true,"width":${width},"height":${heightPng},"method":"lanczos3","premultiply":true,"linearRGB":false}' \
+          --oxipng '{"level":1}' \
+          "${fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge}"`, function (err) {
+          if (err) {
+            throw err;
+          }
+          deferred.resolve();
+        });
+      }
+    });
+    // squoosh-lib (GPLv3)
+    pngSuite.add('squoosh-lib-buffer-buffer', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        const pool = new squoosh.ImagePool();
+        const image = pool.ingestImage(inputPngBuffer);
+        image.decoded
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.preprocess({
+              resize: {
+                enabled: true,
+                width,
+                height: heightPng,
+                method: 'lanczos3',
+                premultiply: true,
+                linearRGB: false
+              }
+            });
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.encode({
+              oxipng: {
+                level: 1
+              }
+            });
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return pool.close();
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.encodedWith.oxipng;
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            deferred.resolve();
+          });
+      }
+    });
     // mapnik
-    pngSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
+    mapnik && pngSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         mapnik.Image.open(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge, function (err, img) {
           if (err) throw err;
           img.premultiply(function (err, img) {
             if (err) throw err;
-            img.resize(width, height, {
+            img.resize(width, heightPng, {
               scaling_method: mapnik.imageScaling.lanczos
             }, function (err, img) {
               if (err) throw err;
               img.demultiply(function (err, img) {
                 if (err) throw err;
-                img.save(outputPng, 'png', function (err) {
+                img.save(outputPng, 'png32:f=no:z=6', function (err) {
                   if (err) throw err;
                   deferred.resolve();
                 });
@@ -710,13 +770,13 @@ async.series({
           if (err) throw err;
           img.premultiply(function (err, img) {
             if (err) throw err;
-            img.resize(width, height, {
+            img.resize(width, heightPng, {
               scaling_method: mapnik.imageScaling.lanczos
             }, function (err, img) {
               if (err) throw err;
               img.demultiply(function (err, img) {
                 if (err) throw err;
-                img.encode('png', function (err) {
+                img.encode('png32:f=no:z=6', function (err) {
                   if (err) throw err;
                   deferred.resolve();
                 });
@@ -734,7 +794,7 @@ async.series({
           srcPath: fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge,
           dstPath: outputPng,
           width: width,
-          height: height,
+          height: heightPng,
           filter: 'Lanczos',
           customArgs: [
             '-define', 'PNG:compression-level=6',
@@ -755,7 +815,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         gm(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .filter('Lanczos')
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .define('PNG:compression-level=6')
           .define('PNG:compression-filter=0')
           .write(outputPng, function (err) {
@@ -771,14 +831,13 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         gm(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .filter('Lanczos')
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .define('PNG:compression-level=6')
           .define('PNG:compression-filter=0')
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -790,7 +849,7 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
           .toFile(outputPng, function (err) {
             if (err) {
@@ -805,13 +864,12 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err, data) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -821,7 +879,7 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
           .toFile(outputPng, function (err) {
             if (err) {
@@ -836,13 +894,12 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -852,13 +909,12 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 6, progressive: true })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -868,13 +924,12 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ adaptiveFiltering: true, compressionLevel: 6 })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -884,13 +939,12 @@ async.series({
       minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
-          .resize(width, height)
+          .resize(width, heightPng)
           .png({ compressionLevel: 9 })
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -923,11 +977,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputWebPBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -950,11 +1003,10 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputWebP)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+          .toBuffer(function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
-              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
               deferred.resolve();
             }
           });
@@ -966,7 +1018,9 @@ async.series({
     }).run();
   }
 }, function (err, results) {
-  assert(!err, err);
+  if (err) {
+    throw err;
+  }
   Object.keys(results).forEach(function (format) {
     if (results[format].toString().substr(0, 5) !== 'sharp') {
       console.log('sharp was slower than ' + results[format] + ' for ' + format);

test/bench/random.js

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Lovell Fuller and others.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
 'use strict';
 
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');

test/bench/run-with-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+if ! type docker >/dev/null; then
+  echo "Please install docker"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+BRANCH=$(git branch --show-current)
+echo "Running sharp performance tests using $BRANCH branch"
+
+docker build --build-arg "BRANCH=$BRANCH" -t sharp-test-bench .
+docker run --rm -it sharp-test-bench

test/coverage/report.sh

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-CPPFLAGS="--coverage" LDFLAGS="--coverage" npm rebuild
-npm test
-geninfo --no-external --base-directory src --output-file coverage/sharp.info build/Release/obj.target/sharp/src
-genhtml --title sharp --demangle-cpp --output-directory coverage/sharp coverage/*.info