Use tile cache for interlace output

Doubles performance of Adam7 interlaced PNG output

.travis.yml

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ node_js:
 before_install:
   - sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyrasis/precise-backports -y
   - sudo apt-get update -qq
-  - sudo apt-get install -qq automake gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools libfftw3-dev libglib2.0-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libpng12-dev libwebp-dev libtiff4-dev libxml2-dev swig graphicsmagick libmagick++-dev
+  - sudo apt-get install -qq automake gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools libglib2.0-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libpng12-dev libwebp-dev libtiff4-dev libexif-dev libxml2-dev swig graphicsmagick libmagick++-dev
   - git clone https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips.git
   - cd libvips
   - git checkout 7.38
   - ./bootstrap.sh
-  - ./configure --enable-debug=no --enable-cxx=no --without-orc --without-python
+  - ./configure --enable-debug=no --enable-cxx=yes --without-orc --without-python --without-fftw
   - make
   - sudo make install
   - sudo ldconfig

README.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module is to convert large images of many formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
-The performance of JPEG resizing is typically 8x faster than ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick, based mainly on the number of CPU cores available. Everything remains non-blocking thanks to _libuv_.
+The performance of JPEG resizing is typically 8x faster than ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick, based mainly on the number of CPU cores available. Everything remains non-blocking thanks to _libuv_ and Promises/A+ are supported.
 
 This module supports reading and writing images of JPEG, PNG and WebP to and from both Buffer objects and the filesystem. It also supports reading images of many other types from the filesystem via libmagick++ or libgraphicsmagick++ if present.
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This module is powered by the blazingly fast [libvips](https://github.com/jcupit
 * Node.js v0.10+
 * [libvips](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips) v7.38.5+
 
-_libvips_ will take advantage of [liborc](http://code.entropywave.com/orc/) if present, however versions of _liborc_ prior to 0.4.19 suffer memory leaks.
+_libvips_ can take advantage of [liborc](http://code.entropywave.com/orc/) if present. Warning: versions of _liborc_ prior to 0.4.19 suffer [memory leaks](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/21#issuecomment-42367306) and version 0.4.19 suffers [buffer overflows](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/21#issuecomment-44813498).
 
 ### Install libvips on Mac OS
 
@@ -48,19 +48,19 @@ The _gettext_ dependency of _libvips_ [can lead](https://github.com/lovell/sharp
 
 Compiling from source is recommended:
 
-	sudo apt-get install automake build-essential git gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools libfftw3-dev libglib2.0-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libpng12-dev libwebp-dev libtiff5-dev libxml2-dev swig
+	sudo apt-get install automake build-essential git gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools libglib2.0-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libpng12-dev libwebp-dev libtiff5-dev libexif-dev libxml2-dev swig
 	git clone https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips.git
 	cd libvips
 	git checkout 7.38
 	./bootstrap.sh
-	./configure --enable-debug=no --enable-cxx=no --without-python --without-orc
+	./configure --enable-debug=no --enable-cxx=yes --without-python --without-orc --without-fftw
 	make
 	sudo make install
 	sudo ldconfig
 
 #### Ubuntu 12.x
 
-Requires `libtiff4-dev` instead of `libtiff5-dev` and has [a bug](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libwebp/+bug/1108731) in the libwebp package. Work around these problems by running these command first:
+Requires `libtiff4-dev` instead of `libtiff5-dev` and has [a bug](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libwebp/+bug/1108731) in the libwebp package. Work around these problems by running these commands first:
 
 	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyrasis/precise-backports
 	sudo apt-get update
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ Requires `libtiff4-dev` instead of `libtiff5-dev` and has [a bug](https://bugs.l
 
 Then follow Ubuntu 13.x instructions.
 
+### Install libvips on Heroku
+
+[Alessandro Tagliapietra](https://github.com/alex88) maintains an [Heroku buildpack for libvips](https://github.com/alex88/heroku-buildpack-vips) and its dependencies.
+
 ## Usage examples
 
 ```javascript
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ var sharp = require('sharp');
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-sharp('input.jpg').resize(300, 200).write('output.jpg', function(err) {
+sharp('input.jpg').resize(300, 200).toFile('output.jpg', function(err) {
   if (err) {
     throw err;
   }
@@ -85,29 +89,23 @@ sharp('input.jpg').resize(300, 200).write('output.jpg', function(err) {
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-sharp('input.jpg').resize(null, 200).progressive().toBuffer(function(err, outputBuffer) {
+sharp('input.jpg').rotate().resize(null, 200).progressive().toBuffer(function(err, outputBuffer) {
   if (err) {
     throw err;
   }
-  // outputBuffer contains progressive JPEG image data, 200 pixels high
+  // outputBuffer contains 200px high progressive JPEG image data, auto-rotated using EXIF Orientation tag
 });
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-sharp('input.png').resize(300).sharpen().quality(90).webp(function(err, outputBuffer) {
-  if (err) {
-    throw err;
-  }
-  // outputBuffer contains 300 pixels wide, sharpened, 90% quality WebP image data
+sharp('input.png').rotate(180).resize(300).sharpen().quality(90).webp().then(function(outputBuffer) {
+  // outputBuffer contains 300px wide, upside down, sharpened, 90% quality WebP image data
 });
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-sharp(inputBuffer).resize(200, 300).embedWhite().write('output.tiff', function(err) {
-  if (err) {
-    throw err;
-  }
-  // output.tiff is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image containing a scaled
+sharp(inputBuffer).resize(200, 300).bicubicInterpolation().embedWhite().toFile('output.tiff').then(function() {
+  // output.tiff is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image containing a bicubic scaled
   // version, embedded on a white canvas, of the image data in buffer
 });
 ```
@@ -123,10 +121,7 @@ sharp('input.gif').resize(200, 300).embedBlack().webp(function(err, outputBuffer
 ```
 
 ```javascript
-sharp(inputBuffer).resize(200, 200).max().jpeg(function(err, outputBuffer) {
-  if (err) {
-    throw err;
-  }
+sharp(inputBuffer).resize(200, 200).max().jpeg().then(function(outputBuffer) {
   // outputBuffer contains JPEG image data no wider than 200 pixels and no higher
   // than 200 pixels regardless of the inputBuffer image dimensions
 });
@@ -143,7 +138,7 @@ Constructor to which further methods are chained. `input` can be one of:
 
 ### resize(width, [height])
 
-Scale to `width` x `height`. By default, the resized image is cropped to the exact size specified.
+Scale output to `width` x `height`. By default, the resized image is cropped to the exact size specified.
 
 `width` is the Number of pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
 
@@ -167,10 +162,36 @@ Embed the resized image on a white background of the exact size specified.
 
 Embed the resized image on a black background of the exact size specified.
 
+### rotate([angle])
+
+Rotate the output image by either an explicit angle or auto-orient based on the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+
+`angle`, if present, is a Number with a value of `0`, `90`, `180` or `270`.
+
+Use this method without `angle` to determine the angle from EXIF data. Mirroring is currently unsupported.
+
+### withoutEnlargement()
+
+Do not enlarge the output image if the input image width *or* height are already less than the required dimensions.
+
+This is equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option: "change the dimensions of the image only if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification".
+
 ### sharpen()
 
 Perform a mild sharpen of the resultant image. This typically reduces performance by 30%.
 
+### bilinearInterpolation()
+
+Use [bilinear interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation) for image resizing, the default (and fastest) interpolation if none is specified.
+
+### bicubicInterpolation()
+
+Use [bicubic interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation) for image resizing. This typically reduces performance by 5%.
+
+### nohaloInterpolation()
+
+Use [Nohalo interpolation](http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/) for image resizing. This typically reduces performance by a factor of 2.
+
 ### progressive()
 
 Use progressive (interlace) scan for JPEG and PNG output. This typically reduces compression performance by 30% but results in an image that can be rendered sooner when decompressed.
@@ -191,35 +212,45 @@ An advanced setting for the _zlib_ compression level of the lossless PNG output
 
 An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to `VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL`. This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.
 
-### write(filename, callback)
+### toFile(filename, [callback])
 
 `filename` is a String containing the filename to write the image data to. The format is inferred from the extension, with JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF supported.
 
-`callback` is called with a single argument `(err)` containing an error message, if any.
+`callback`, if present, is called with a single argument `(err)` containing an error message, if any.
 
-### jpeg(callback)
+A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
-Write JPEG image data to a Buffer.
-
-`callback` gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant JPEG image data.
-
-### png(callback)
-
-Write PNG image data to a Buffer.
-
-`callback` gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant PNG image data.
-
-### webp(callback)
-
-Write WebP image data to a Buffer.
-
-`callback` gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant WebP image data.
-
-### toBuffer(callback)
+### toBuffer([callback])
 
 Write image data to a Buffer, the format of which will match the input image. JPEG, PNG and WebP are supported.
 
-`callback` gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant image data.
+`callback`, if present, gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant image data.
+
+A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+
+### jpeg([callback])
+
+Write JPEG image data to a Buffer.
+
+`callback`, if present, gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant JPEG image data.
+
+A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+
+### png([callback])
+
+Write PNG image data to a Buffer.
+
+`callback`, if present, gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant PNG image data.
+
+A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
+
+### webp([callback])
+
+Write WebP image data to a Buffer.
+
+`callback`, if present, gets two arguments `(err, buffer)` where `err` is an error message, if any, and `buffer` is the resultant WebP image data.
+
+A Promises/A+ promise is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### sharp.cache([limit])
 
@@ -230,9 +261,9 @@ This method always returns cache statistics, useful for determining how much wor
 Warnings such as _Application transferred too many scanlines_ are a good indicator you've set this value too low.
 
 ```javascript
-var stats = sharp.cache(); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 100 }
-sharp.cache(200); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 200 }
-sharp.cache(50); // { current: 49, high: 115, limit: 50 }
+var stats = sharp.cache(); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 100, queue: 0 }
+sharp.cache(200); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 200, queue: 0 }
+sharp.cache(50); // { current: 49, high: 115, limit: 50, queue: 0 }
 ```
 
 ## Testing

binding.gyp

@@ -2,19 +2,20 @@
   'targets': [{
     'target_name': 'sharp',
     'sources': ['src/sharp.cc'],
+    'variables': {
+      'PKG_CONFIG_PATH': '<!(which brew >/dev/null 2>&1 && eval $(brew --env) && echo $PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR || true):$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/pkgconfig'
+    },
     'libraries': [
-      '<!@(PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/Library/ENV/pkgconfig/10.8:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/pkgconfig" pkg-config --libs vips)'
+      '<!(PKG_CONFIG_PATH="<(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)" pkg-config --libs vips)'
     ],
     'include_dirs': [
-      '/usr/local/include/glib-2.0',
-      '/usr/local/lib/glib-2.0/include',
-      '/usr/include/glib-2.0',
-      '/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include',
-      '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include',
-      '/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include',
+      '<!(PKG_CONFIG_PATH="<(PKG_CONFIG_PATH)" pkg-config --cflags vips glib-2.0)',
       '<!(node -e "require(\'nan\')")'
     ],
-    'cflags': ['-fexceptions', '-pedantic', '-Wall', '-O3'],
-    'cflags_cc': ['-fexceptions', '-pedantic', '-Wall', '-O3']
+    'cflags': ['-fexceptions', '-Wall', '-O3'],
+    'cflags_cc': ['-fexceptions', '-Wall', '-O3'],
+    'xcode_settings': {
+      'OTHER_CFLAGS': ['-fexceptions', '-Wall', '-O3']
+    }
   }]
 }

index.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /*jslint node: true */
 'use strict';
 
+var Promise = require('bluebird');
 var sharp = require('./build/Release/sharp');
 
 var Sharp = function(input) {
@@ -11,19 +12,26 @@ var Sharp = function(input) {
     width: -1,
     height: -1,
     canvas: 'c',
+    angle: 0,
+    withoutEnlargement: false,
     sharpen: false,
+    interpolator: 'bilinear',
     progressive: false,
     sequentialRead: false,
-		quality: 80,
-		compressionLevel: 6,
+    quality: 80,
+    compressionLevel: 6,
     output: '__jpeg'
   };
   if (typeof input === 'string') {
-    this.options.inFile = input;
+    this.options.fileIn = input;
   } else if (typeof input ==='object' && input instanceof Buffer) {
-    this.options.inBuffer = input;
+    if (input.length > 0) {
+      this.options.bufferIn = input;
+    } else {
+      throw new Error('Buffer is empty');
+    }
   } else {
-    throw 'Unsupported input ' + typeof input;
+    throw new Error('Unsupported input ' + typeof input);
   }
   return this;
 };
@@ -49,12 +57,60 @@ Sharp.prototype.max = function() {
   return this;
 };
 
+/*
+  Rotate output image by 0, 90, 180 or 270 degrees
+  Auto-rotation based on the EXIF Orientation tag is represented by an angle of -1
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.rotate = function(angle) {
+  if (typeof angle === 'undefined') {
+    this.options.angle = -1;
+  } else if (!Number.isNaN(angle) && [0, 90, 180, 270].indexOf(angle) !== -1) {
+    this.options.angle = angle;
+  } else {
+    throw new Error('Unsupported angle (0, 90, 180, 270) ' + angle);
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*
+  Do not enlarge the output if the input width *or* height are already less than the required dimensions
+  This is equivalent to GraphicsMagick's ">" geometry option:
+    "change the dimensions of the image only if its width or height exceeds the geometry specification"
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.withoutEnlargement = function(withoutEnlargement) {
+  this.options.withoutEnlargement = (typeof withoutEnlargement === 'boolean') ? withoutEnlargement : true;
+  return this;
+};
 
 Sharp.prototype.sharpen = function(sharpen) {
   this.options.sharpen = (typeof sharpen === 'boolean') ? sharpen : true;
   return this;
 };
 
+/*
+  Use bilinear interpolation for the affine transformation (fastest, default)
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.bilinearInterpolation = function() {
+  this.options.interpolator = 'bilinear';
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*
+  Use bicubic interpolation for the affine transformation
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.bicubicInterpolation = function() {
+  this.options.interpolator = 'bicubic';
+  return this;
+};
+
+/*
+  Use Nohalo interpolation for the affine transformation
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.nohaloInterpolation = function() {
+  this.options.interpolator = 'nohalo';
+  return this;
+};
+
 Sharp.prototype.progressive = function(progressive) {
   this.options.progressive = (typeof progressive === 'boolean') ? progressive : true;
   return this;
@@ -69,7 +125,7 @@ Sharp.prototype.quality = function(quality) {
   if (!Number.isNaN(quality) && quality >= 1 && quality <= 100) {
     this.options.quality = quality;
   } else {
-    throw 'Invalid quality (1 to 100) ' + quality;
+    throw new Error('Invalid quality (1 to 100) ' + quality);
   }
   return this;
 };
@@ -78,7 +134,7 @@ Sharp.prototype.compressionLevel = function(compressionLevel) {
   if (!Number.isNaN(compressionLevel) && compressionLevel >= -1 && compressionLevel <= 9) {
     this.options.compressionLevel = compressionLevel;
   } else {
-    throw 'Invalid compressionLevel (-1 to 9) ' + compressionLevel;
+    throw new Error('Invalid compressionLevel (-1 to 9) ' + compressionLevel);
   }
   return this;
 };
@@ -90,7 +146,7 @@ Sharp.prototype.resize = function(width, height) {
     if (!Number.isNaN(width)) {
       this.options.width = width;
     } else {
-      throw 'Invalid width ' + width;
+      throw new Error('Invalid width ' + width);
     }
   }
   if (!height) {
@@ -99,25 +155,44 @@ Sharp.prototype.resize = function(width, height) {
     if (!Number.isNaN(height)) {
       this.options.height = height;
     } else {
-      throw 'Invalid height ' + height;
+      throw new Error('Invalid height ' + height);
     }
   }
   return this;
 };
 
-Sharp.prototype.write = function(output, callback) {
+/*
+  Write output image data to a file
+*/
+Sharp.prototype.toFile = function(output, callback) {
   if (!output || output.length === 0) {
-    callback('Invalid output');
-  } else {
-    if (this.options.inFile === output) {
-      callback('Cannot use same file for input and output');
+    var errOutputInvalid = new Error('Invalid output');
+    if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+      callback(errOutputInvalid);
     } else {
-      this._sharp(output, callback);
+      return Promise.reject(errOutputInvalid);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (this.options.fileIn === output) {
+      var errOutputIsInput = new Error('Cannot use same file for input and output');
+      if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+        callback(errOutputIsInput);
+      } else {
+        return Promise.reject(errOutputIsInput);
+      }
+    } else {
+      return this._sharp(output, callback);
     }
   }
   return this;
 };
 
+// Deprecated to make way for future stream support - remove in v0.6.0
+Sharp.prototype.write = require('util').deprecate(
+  Sharp.prototype.toFile,
+  '.write() is deprecated and will be removed in v0.6.0. Use .toFile() instead.'
+);
+
 Sharp.prototype.toBuffer = function(callback) {
   return this._sharp('__input', callback);
 };
@@ -134,22 +209,28 @@ Sharp.prototype.webp = function(callback) {
   return this._sharp('__webp', callback);
 };
 
+/*
+  Invoke the C++ image processing pipeline
+  Supports callback and promise variants
+*/
 Sharp.prototype._sharp = function(output, callback) {
-  sharp.resize(
-    this.options.inFile,
-    this.options.inBuffer,
-    output,
-    this.options.width,
-    this.options.height,
-    this.options.canvas,
-    this.options.sharpen,
-    this.options.progressive,
-    this.options.sequentialRead,
-    this.options.quality,
-    this.options.compressionLevel,
-    callback
-  );
-  return this;
+  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
+    // I like callbacks
+    sharp.resize(this.options, output, callback);
+    return this;
+  } else {
+    // I like promises
+    var options = this.options;
+    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
+      sharp.resize(options, output, function(err, data) {
+        if (err) {
+          reject(err);
+        } else {
+          resolve(data);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 module.exports.cache = function(limit) {

package.json

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
-  "version": "0.4.2",
+  "version": "0.5.2",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "contributors": [
-    "Pierre Inglebert <pierre.inglebert@gmail.com>"
+    "Pierre Inglebert <pierre.inglebert@gmail.com>",
+    "Jonathan Ong <jonathanrichardong@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "description": "High performance Node.js module to resize JPEG, PNG and WebP images using the libvips library",
   "scripts": {
@@ -31,11 +32,12 @@
     "buffer"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "nan": "^1.1.0"
+    "nan": "^1.2.0",
+    "bluebird": "^2.2.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
-    "imagemagick-native": "^1.0.0",
+    "imagemagick-native": "^1.2.2",
     "gm": "^1.16.0",
     "async": "^0.9.0",
     "benchmark": "^1.0.0"

src/sharp.cc

@@ -23,13 +23,23 @@ struct resize_baton {
   bool max;
   VipsExtend extend;
   bool sharpen;
+  std::string interpolator;
   bool progressive;
+  bool without_enlargement;
   VipsAccess access_method;
   int quality;
   int compressionLevel;
+  int angle;
   std::string err;
 
-  resize_baton(): buffer_in_len(0), buffer_out_len(0), crop(false), max(false), sharpen(false), progressive(false) {}
+  resize_baton():
+    buffer_in_len(0),
+    buffer_out_len(0),
+    crop(false),
+    max(false),
+    sharpen(false),
+    progressive(false),
+    without_enlargement(false) {}
 };
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -40,31 +50,34 @@ typedef enum {
   MAGICK
 } ImageType;
 
-unsigned char MARKER_JPEG[] = {0xff, 0xd8};
-unsigned char MARKER_PNG[] = {0x89, 0x50};
-unsigned char MARKER_WEBP[] = {0x52, 0x49};
+unsigned char const MARKER_JPEG[] = {0xff, 0xd8};
+unsigned char const MARKER_PNG[] = {0x89, 0x50};
+unsigned char const MARKER_WEBP[] = {0x52, 0x49};
 
-bool ends_with(std::string const &str, std::string const &end) {
+// How many tasks are in the queue?
+volatile int queue_length = 0;
+
+static bool ends_with(std::string const &str, std::string const &end) {
   return str.length() >= end.length() && 0 == str.compare(str.length() - end.length(), end.length(), end);
 }
 
-bool is_jpeg(std::string const &str) {
+static bool is_jpeg(std::string const &str) {
   return ends_with(str, ".jpg") || ends_with(str, ".jpeg") || ends_with(str, ".JPG") || ends_with(str, ".JPEG");
 }
 
-bool is_png(std::string const &str) {
+static bool is_png(std::string const &str) {
   return ends_with(str, ".png") || ends_with(str, ".PNG");
 }
 
-bool is_webp(std::string const &str) {
+static bool is_webp(std::string const &str) {
   return ends_with(str, ".webp") || ends_with(str, ".WEBP");
 }
 
-bool is_tiff(std::string const &str) {
+static bool is_tiff(std::string const &str) {
   return ends_with(str, ".tif") || ends_with(str, ".tiff") || ends_with(str, ".TIF") || ends_with(str, ".TIFF");
 }
 
-void resize_error(resize_baton *baton, VipsImage *unref) {
+static void resize_error(resize_baton *baton, VipsImage *unref) {
   (baton->err).append(vips_error_buffer());
   vips_error_clear();
   g_object_unref(unref);
@@ -72,6 +85,38 @@ void resize_error(resize_baton *baton, VipsImage *unref) {
   return;
 }
 
+/*
+  Calculate the angle of rotation for the output image.
+  In order of priority:
+   1. Use explicitly requested angle (supports 90, 180, 270)
+   2. Use input image EXIF Orientation header (does not support mirroring)
+   3. Otherwise default to zero, i.e. no rotation
+*/
+static VipsAngle calc_rotation(int const angle, VipsImage const *input) {
+  VipsAngle rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_0;
+  if (angle == -1) {
+    const char *exif;
+    if (!vips_image_get_string(input, "exif-ifd0-Orientation", &exif)) {
+      if (exif[0] == 0x36) { // "6"
+        rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_90;
+      } else if (exif[0] == 0x33) { // "3"
+        rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_180;
+      } else if (exif[0] == 0x38) { // "8"
+        rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_270;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (angle == 90) {
+      rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_90;
+    } else if (angle == 180) {
+      rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_180;
+    } else if (angle == 270) {
+      rotate = VIPS_ANGLE_270;
+    }
+  }
+  return rotate;
+}
+
 class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
  public:
   ResizeWorker(NanCallback *callback, resize_baton *baton)
@@ -132,34 +177,47 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
       return;
     }
 
+    // Get input image width and height
+    int inputWidth = in->Xsize;
+    int inputHeight = in->Ysize;
+
+    // Calculate angle of rotation, to be carried out later
+    VipsAngle rotation = calc_rotation(baton->angle, in);
+    if (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_270) {
+      // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+      int swap = inputWidth;
+      inputWidth = inputHeight;
+      inputHeight = swap;
+    }
+
     // Scaling calculations
     double factor;
     if (baton->width > 0 && baton->height > 0) {
       // Fixed width and height
-      double xfactor = static_cast<double>(in->Xsize) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-      double yfactor = static_cast<double>(in->Ysize) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
+      double xfactor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
+      double yfactor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
       factor = baton->crop ? std::min(xfactor, yfactor) : std::max(xfactor, yfactor);
       // if max is set, we need to compute the real size of the thumb image
       if (baton->max) {
         if (xfactor > yfactor) {
-          baton->height = round(static_cast<double>(in->Ysize) / xfactor);
+          baton->height = round(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / xfactor);
         } else {
-          baton->width = round(static_cast<double>(in->Xsize) / yfactor);
+          baton->width = round(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / yfactor);
         }
       }
     } else if (baton->width > 0) {
       // Fixed width, auto height
-      factor = static_cast<double>(in->Xsize) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
-      baton->height = floor(static_cast<double>(in->Ysize) / factor);
+      factor = static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / static_cast<double>(baton->width);
+      baton->height = floor(static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / factor);
     } else if (baton->height > 0) {
       // Fixed height, auto width
-      factor = static_cast<double>(in->Ysize) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
-      baton->width = floor(static_cast<double>(in->Xsize) / factor);
+      factor = static_cast<double>(inputHeight) / static_cast<double>(baton->height);
+      baton->width = floor(static_cast<double>(inputWidth) / factor);
     } else {
       // Identity transform
       factor = 1;
-      baton->width = in->Xsize;
-      baton->height = in->Ysize;
+      baton->width = inputWidth;
+      baton->height = inputHeight;
     }
     int shrink = floor(factor);
     if (shrink < 1) {
@@ -167,6 +225,17 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
     }
     double residual = static_cast<double>(shrink) / factor;
 
+    // Do not enlarge the output if the input width *or* height are already less than the required dimensions
+    if (baton->without_enlargement) {
+      if (inputWidth < baton->width || inputHeight < baton->height) {
+        factor = 1;
+        shrink = 1;
+        residual = 0;
+        baton->width = inputWidth;
+        baton->height = inputHeight;
+      }
+    }
+
     // Try to use libjpeg shrink-on-load
     int shrink_on_load = 1;
     if (inputImageType == JPEG) {
@@ -186,7 +255,7 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
       // Recalculate integral shrink and double residual
       factor = std::max(factor, 1.0);
       shrink = floor(factor);
-      residual = shrink / factor;
+      residual = static_cast<double>(shrink) / factor;
       // Reload input using shrink-on-load
       if (baton->buffer_in_len > 1) {
         if (vips_jpegload_buffer(baton->buffer_in, baton->buffer_in_len, &shrunk_on_load, "shrink", shrink_on_load, NULL)) {
@@ -209,8 +278,16 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
         return resize_error(baton, shrunk_on_load);
       }
       // Recalculate residual float based on dimensions of required vs shrunk images
-      double residualx = static_cast<double>(baton->width) / static_cast<double>(shrunk->Xsize);
-      double residualy = static_cast<double>(baton->height) / static_cast<double>(shrunk->Ysize);
+      double shrunkWidth = shrunk->Xsize;
+      double shrunkHeight = shrunk->Ysize;
+      if (rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_90 || rotation == VIPS_ANGLE_270) {
+        // Swap input output width and height when rotating by 90 or 270 degrees
+        int swap = shrunkWidth;
+        shrunkWidth = shrunkHeight;
+        shrunkHeight = swap;
+      }
+      double residualx = static_cast<double>(baton->width) / static_cast<double>(shrunkWidth);
+      double residualy = static_cast<double>(baton->height) / static_cast<double>(shrunkHeight);
       if (baton->crop || baton->max) {
         residual = std::max(residualx, residualy);
       } else {
@@ -221,41 +298,57 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
     }
     g_object_unref(shrunk_on_load);
 
-    // Use vips_affine with the remaining float part using bilinear interpolation
+    // Use vips_affine with the remaining float part
     VipsImage *affined = vips_image_new();
     if (residual != 0) {
-      if (vips_affine(shrunk, &affined, residual, 0, 0, residual, "interpolate", vips_interpolate_bilinear_static(), NULL)) {
+      // Create interpolator - "bilinear" (default), "bicubic" or "nohalo"
+      VipsInterpolate *interpolator = vips_interpolate_new(baton->interpolator.c_str());
+      // Perform affine transformation
+      if (vips_affine(shrunk, &affined, residual, 0, 0, residual, "interpolate", interpolator, NULL)) {
+        g_object_unref(interpolator);
         return resize_error(baton, shrunk);
       }
+      g_object_unref(interpolator);
     } else {
       vips_copy(shrunk, &affined, NULL);
     }
     g_object_unref(shrunk);
 
+    // Rotate
+    VipsImage *rotated = vips_image_new();
+    if (rotation != VIPS_ANGLE_0) {
+      if (vips_rot(affined, &rotated, rotation, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, affined);
+      }
+    } else {
+      vips_copy(affined, &rotated, NULL);
+    }
+    g_object_unref(affined);
+
     // Crop/embed
     VipsImage *canvased = vips_image_new();
-    if (affined->Xsize != baton->width || affined->Ysize != baton->height) {
+    if (rotated->Xsize != baton->width || rotated->Ysize != baton->height) {
       if (baton->crop || baton->max) {
         // Crop/max
-        int width = std::min(affined->Xsize, baton->width);
-        int height = std::min(affined->Ysize, baton->height);
-        int left = (affined->Xsize - width + 1) / 2;
-        int top = (affined->Ysize - height + 1) / 2;
-        if (vips_extract_area(affined, &canvased, left, top, width, height, NULL)) {
-          return resize_error(baton, affined);
+        int width = std::min(rotated->Xsize, baton->width);
+        int height = std::min(rotated->Ysize, baton->height);
+        int left = (rotated->Xsize - width + 1) / 2;
+        int top = (rotated->Ysize - height + 1) / 2;
+        if (vips_extract_area(rotated, &canvased, left, top, width, height, NULL)) {
+          return resize_error(baton, rotated);
         }
       } else {
         // Embed
-        int left = (baton->width - affined->Xsize) / 2;
-        int top = (baton->height - affined->Ysize) / 2;
-        if (vips_embed(affined, &canvased, left, top, baton->width, baton->height, "extend", baton->extend, NULL)) {
-          return resize_error(baton, affined);
+        int left = (baton->width - rotated->Xsize) / 2;
+        int top = (baton->height - rotated->Ysize) / 2;
+        if (vips_embed(rotated, &canvased, left, top, baton->width, baton->height, "extend", baton->extend, NULL)) {
+          return resize_error(baton, rotated);
         }
       }
     } else {
-      vips_copy(affined, &canvased, NULL);
+      vips_copy(rotated, &canvased, NULL);
     }
-    g_object_unref(affined);
+    g_object_unref(rotated);
 
     // Mild sharpen
     VipsImage *sharpened = vips_image_new();
@@ -275,46 +368,63 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
     }
     g_object_unref(canvased);
 
+    // Always convert to sRGB colour space
+    VipsImage *colourspaced = vips_image_new();
+    vips_colourspace(sharpened, &colourspaced, VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB, NULL);
+    g_object_unref(sharpened);
+
+    // Generate image tile cache when interlace output is required
+    VipsImage *cached = vips_image_new();
+    if (baton->progressive) {
+      if (vips_tilecache(colourspaced, &cached, "threaded", TRUE, "persistent", TRUE, "max_tiles", -1, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, colourspaced);
+      }
+    } else {
+      vips_copy(colourspaced, &cached, NULL);
+    }
+    g_object_unref(colourspaced);
+
     // Output
+    VipsImage *output = cached;
     if (baton->file_out == "__jpeg" || (baton->file_out == "__input" && inputImageType == JPEG)) {
       // Write JPEG to buffer
-      if (vips_jpegsave_buffer(sharpened, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, "optimize_coding", TRUE, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_jpegsave_buffer(output, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, "optimize_coding", TRUE, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (baton->file_out == "__png" || (baton->file_out == "__input" && inputImageType == PNG)) {
       // Write PNG to buffer
-      if (vips_pngsave_buffer(sharpened, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "compression", baton->compressionLevel, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_pngsave_buffer(output, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "compression", baton->compressionLevel, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (baton->file_out == "__webp" || (baton->file_out == "__input" && inputImageType == WEBP)) {
       // Write WEBP to buffer
-      if (vips_webpsave_buffer(sharpened, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_webpsave_buffer(output, &baton->buffer_out, &baton->buffer_out_len, "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (is_jpeg(baton->file_out))  {
       // Write JPEG to file
-      if (vips_jpegsave(sharpened, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, "optimize_coding", TRUE, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_jpegsave(output, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, "optimize_coding", TRUE, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (is_png(baton->file_out)) {
       // Write PNG to file
-      if (vips_pngsave(sharpened, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "compression", baton->compressionLevel, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_pngsave(output, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "compression", baton->compressionLevel, "interlace", baton->progressive, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (is_webp(baton->file_out)) {
       // Write WEBP to file
-      if (vips_webpsave(sharpened, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_webpsave(output, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else if (is_tiff(baton->file_out)) {
       // Write TIFF to file
-      if (vips_tiffsave(sharpened, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "compression", VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
-        return resize_error(baton, sharpened);
+      if (vips_tiffsave(output, baton->file_out.c_str(), "strip", TRUE, "compression", VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG, "Q", baton->quality, NULL)) {
+        return resize_error(baton, output);
       }
     } else {
       (baton->err).append("Unsupported output " + baton->file_out);
     }
-    g_object_unref(sharpened);
+    g_object_unref(output);
     vips_thread_shutdown();
   }
 
@@ -332,26 +442,37 @@ class ResizeWorker : public NanAsyncWorker {
     }
     delete baton;
     callback->Call(2, argv);
+    // Decrement queue length
+    g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&queue_length);
   }
 
  private:
   resize_baton* baton;
 };
 
+/*
+  resize(options, output, callback)
+*/
 NAN_METHOD(resize) {
   NanScope();
 
+  // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   resize_baton *baton = new resize_baton;
-  baton->file_in = *String::Utf8Value(args[0]->ToString());
-  if (args[1]->IsObject()) {
-    Local<Object> buffer = args[1]->ToObject();
+  Local<Object> options = args[0]->ToObject();
+
+  // Input filename
+  baton->file_in = *String::Utf8Value(options->Get(NanNew<String>("fileIn"))->ToString());
+  // Input Buffer object
+  if (options->Get(NanNew<String>("bufferIn"))->IsObject()) {
+    Local<Object> buffer = options->Get(NanNew<String>("bufferIn"))->ToObject();
     baton->buffer_in_len = Buffer::Length(buffer);
     baton->buffer_in = Buffer::Data(buffer);
   }
-  baton->file_out = *String::Utf8Value(args[2]->ToString());
-  baton->width = args[3]->Int32Value();
-  baton->height = args[4]->Int32Value();
-  Local<String> canvas = args[5]->ToString();
+  // Output image dimensions
+  baton->width = options->Get(NanNew<String>("width"))->Int32Value();
+  baton->height = options->Get(NanNew<String>("height"))->Int32Value();
+  // Canvas options
+  Local<String> canvas = options->Get(NanNew<String>("canvas"))->ToString();
   if (canvas->Equals(NanNew<String>("c"))) {
     baton->crop = true;
   } else if (canvas->Equals(NanNew<String>("w"))) {
@@ -361,15 +482,25 @@ NAN_METHOD(resize) {
   } else if (canvas->Equals(NanNew<String>("m"))) {
     baton->max = true;
   }
-  baton->sharpen = args[6]->BooleanValue();
-  baton->progressive = args[7]->BooleanValue();
-  baton->access_method = args[8]->BooleanValue() ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
-  baton->quality = args[9]->Int32Value();
-  baton->compressionLevel = args[10]->Int32Value();
-
-  NanCallback *callback = new NanCallback(args[11].As<v8::Function>());
+  // Other options
+  baton->sharpen = options->Get(NanNew<String>("sharpen"))->BooleanValue();
+  baton->interpolator = *String::Utf8Value(options->Get(NanNew<String>("interpolator"))->ToString());
+  baton->progressive = options->Get(NanNew<String>("progressive"))->BooleanValue();
+  baton->without_enlargement = options->Get(NanNew<String>("withoutEnlargement"))->BooleanValue();
+  baton->access_method = options->Get(NanNew<String>("sequentialRead"))->BooleanValue() ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+  baton->quality = options->Get(NanNew<String>("quality"))->Int32Value();
+  baton->compressionLevel = options->Get(NanNew<String>("compressionLevel"))->Int32Value();
+  baton->angle = options->Get(NanNew<String>("angle"))->Int32Value();
+  // Output filename or __format for Buffer
+  baton->file_out = *String::Utf8Value(args[1]->ToString());
 
+  // Join queue for worker thread
+  NanCallback *callback = new NanCallback(args[2].As<v8::Function>());
   NanAsyncQueueWorker(new ResizeWorker(callback, baton));
+
+  // Increment queue length
+  g_atomic_int_inc(&queue_length);
+
   NanReturnUndefined();
 }
 
@@ -386,6 +517,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(cache) {
   cache->Set(NanNew<String>("current"), NanNew<Number>(vips_tracked_get_mem() / 1048576));
   cache->Set(NanNew<String>("high"), NanNew<Number>(vips_tracked_get_mem_highwater() / 1048576));
   cache->Set(NanNew<String>("limit"), NanNew<Number>(vips_cache_get_max_mem() / 1048576));
+  cache->Set(NanNew<String>("queue"), NanNew<Number>(queue_length));
   NanReturnValue(cache);
 }
 

tests/parallel.js

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ var inputJpg = path.join(__dirname, "fixtures/2569067123_aca715a2ee_o.jpg"); //
 var width = 720;
 var height = 480;
 
+var timer = setInterval(function() {
+  console.dir(sharp.cache());
+}, 100);
+
 async.mapSeries([1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], function(parallelism, next) {
   var start = new Date().getTime();
   async.times(parallelism,
@@ -28,5 +32,6 @@ async.mapSeries([1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], function(parallelism, next) {
     }
   );
 }, function() {
+  clearInterval(timer);
   console.dir(sharp.cache());
 });

tests/perf.js

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-buffer-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpgBuffer).resize(width, height).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputJpgBuffer).resize(width, height).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputJpg).resize(width, height).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputJpg).resize(width, height).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -154,6 +154,14 @@ async.series({
           }
         });
       }
+    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-promise", {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function(deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpg).resize(width, height).toBuffer().then(function(buffer) {
+          assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+          deferred.resolve();
+        });
+      }
     }).add("sharp-file-buffer-sharpen", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
@@ -166,6 +174,30 @@ async.series({
           }
         });
       }
+    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-bicubic", {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function(deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpg).resize(width, height).bicubicInterpolation().toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
+          if (err) {
+            throw err;
+          } else {
+            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+            deferred.resolve();
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-nohalo", {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function(deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpg).resize(width, height).nohaloInterpolation().toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
+          if (err) {
+            throw err;
+          } else {
+            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+            deferred.resolve();
+          }
+        });
+      }
     }).add("sharp-file-buffer-progressive", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
@@ -178,6 +210,18 @@ async.series({
           }
         });
       }
+    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-rotate", {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function(deferred) {
+        sharp(inputJpg).rotate(90).resize(width, height).toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
+          if (err) {
+            throw err;
+          } else {
+            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+            deferred.resolve();
+          }
+        });
+      }
     }).add("sharp-file-buffer-sequentialRead", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
@@ -251,7 +295,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-buffer-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(width, height).write(outputPng, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputPngBuffer).resize(width, height).toFile(outputPng, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -274,7 +318,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputPng).resize(width, height).write(outputPng, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputPng).resize(width, height).toFile(outputPng, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -318,18 +362,6 @@ async.series({
           }
         });
       }
-    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-sequentialRead", {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputPng).sequentialRead().resize(width, height).toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-            deferred.resolve();
-          }
-        });
-      }
     }).on("cycle", function(event) {
       console.log(" png " + String(event.target));
     }).on("complete", function() {
@@ -341,7 +373,7 @@ async.series({
     (new Benchmark.Suite("webp")).add("sharp-buffer-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputWebpBuffer).resize(width, height).write(outputWebp, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputWebpBuffer).resize(width, height).toFile(outputWebp, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -364,7 +396,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputWebp).resize(width, height).write(outputWebp, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputWebp).resize(width, height).toFile(outputWebp, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -396,18 +428,6 @@ async.series({
           }
         });
       }
-    }).add("sharp-file-buffer-sequentialRead", {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputWebp).sequentialRead().resize(width, height).toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
-            deferred.resolve();
-          }
-        });
-      }
     }).on("cycle", function(event) {
       console.log("webp " + String(event.target));
     }).on("complete", function() {
@@ -418,7 +438,7 @@ async.series({
     (new Benchmark.Suite("tiff")).add("sharp-file-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputTiff).resize(width, height).write(outputTiff, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputTiff).resize(width, height).toFile(outputTiff, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -429,18 +449,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file-sharpen", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputTiff).resize(width, height).sharpen().write(outputTiff, function(err) {
-          if (err) {
-            throw err;
-          } else {
-            deferred.resolve();
-          }
-        });
-      }
-    }).add("sharp-file-file-sequentialRead", {
-      defer: true,
-      fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputTiff).sequentialRead().resize(width, height).write(outputTiff, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputTiff).resize(width, height).sharpen().toFile(outputTiff, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -458,7 +467,7 @@ async.series({
     (new Benchmark.Suite("gif")).add("sharp-file-file", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputGif).resize(width, height).write(outputTiff, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputGif).resize(width, height).toFile(outputTiff, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -469,7 +478,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file-sharpen", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputGif).resize(width, height).sharpen().write(outputTiff, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputGif).resize(width, height).sharpen().toFile(outputTiff, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
@@ -480,7 +489,7 @@ async.series({
     }).add("sharp-file-file-sequentialRead", {
       defer: true,
       fn: function(deferred) {
-        sharp(inputGif).sequentialRead().resize(width, height).write(outputTiff, function(err) {
+        sharp(inputGif).sequentialRead().resize(width, height).toFile(outputTiff, function(err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {

tests/unit.js

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+/*jslint node: true */
+/*jslint es5: true */
+'use strict';
+
 var sharp = require("../index");
 var path = require("path");
 var imagemagick = require("imagemagick");
@@ -12,10 +16,12 @@ var outputJpg = path.join(fixturesPath, "output.jpg");
 var inputTiff = path.join(fixturesPath, "G31D.TIF"); // http://www.fileformat.info/format/tiff/sample/e6c9a6e5253348f4aef6d17b534360ab/index.htm
 var outputTiff = path.join(fixturesPath, "output.tiff");
 
+var inputJpgWithExif = path.join(fixturesPath, "Landscape_8.jpg"); // https://github.com/recurser/exif-orientation-examples/blob/master/Landscape_8.jpg
+
 async.series([
   // Resize with exact crop
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -27,7 +33,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Resize to fixed width
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -39,7 +45,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Resize to fixed height
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(null, 320).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(null, 320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Identity transform
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Upscale
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(3000).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(3000).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // TIFF with dimensions known to cause rounding errors
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputTiff).resize(240, 320).embedBlack().write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputTiff).resize(240, 320).embedBlack().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -100,7 +106,7 @@ async.series([
     });
   },
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputTiff).resize(240, 320).write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputTiff).resize(240, 320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Resize to max width or height considering ratio (landscape)
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 320).max().write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 320).max().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Resize to max width or height considering ratio (portrait)
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputTiff).resize(320, 320).max().write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputTiff).resize(320, 320).max().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -136,7 +142,7 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Attempt to resize to max but only provide one dimension, so should default to crop
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320).max().write(outputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320).max().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
       if (err) throw err;
       imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
         if (err) throw err;
@@ -148,9 +154,155 @@ async.series([
   },
   // Attempt to output to input, should fail
   function(done) {
-    sharp(inputJpg).write(inputJpg, function(err) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).toFile(inputJpg, function(err) {
       assert(!!err);
       done();
     });
-  }
+  },
+  // Rotate by 90 degrees, respecting output input size
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).rotate(90).resize(320, 240).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Input image has Orientation EXIF tag but do not rotate output
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpgWithExif).resize(320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(426, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Input image has Orientation EXIF tag value of 8 (270 degrees), auto-rotate
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpgWithExif).rotate().resize(320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Attempt to auto-rotate using image that has no EXIF
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).rotate().resize(320).toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(261, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Rotate to an invalid angle, should fail
+  function(done) {
+    var fail = false;
+    try {
+      sharp(inputJpg).rotate(1);
+      fail = true;
+    } catch (e) {}
+    assert(!fail);
+    done();
+  },
+  // Do not enlarge the output if the input width is already less than the output width
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(2800).withoutEnlargement().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Do not enlarge the output if the input height is already less than the output height
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(null, 2300).withoutEnlargement().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(2725, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(2225, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Promises/A+
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).toFile(outputJpg).then(function() {
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    }).catch(function(err) {
+      throw err;
+    });
+  },
+  // Empty Buffer, should fail
+  function(done) {
+    var fail = false;
+    try {
+      sharp(new Buffer(0));
+      fail = true;
+    } catch (e) {}
+    assert(!fail);
+    done();
+  },
+  // Check colour space conversion occurs from TIFF to WebP (this used to segfault)
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputTiff).webp().then(function() {
+      done();
+    });
+  },
+  // Interpolation: bilinear
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).bilinearInterpolation().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Interpolation: bicubic
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).bicubicInterpolation().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
+  // Interpolation: nohalo
+  function(done) {
+    sharp(inputJpg).resize(320, 240).nohaloInterpolation().toFile(outputJpg, function(err) {
+      if (err) throw err;
+      imagemagick.identify(outputJpg, function(err, features) {
+        if (err) throw err;
+        assert.strictEqual(320, features.width);
+        assert.strictEqual(240, features.height);
+        done();
+      });
+    });
+  },
 ]);