Release v0.29.1

This fixes an issue where if you try to write to the same destination as the
input file but you are not using absolute (or the same relative path) for both
the input and output, sharp/vips might produce errors such as:

someFile.jpg: unable to open for write
unix error: No such file or directory

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+version: 2.1
+
+workflows:
+  build:
+    jobs:
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-12:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-12:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-glibc-node-16:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+      - linux-arm64-musl-node-16:
+          filters:
+            tags:
+              only: /^v.*/
+
+jobs:
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-12:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-glibc-node-16:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo chown 0.0 ${PWD}
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git python3 curl"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "curl -s https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add -"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "echo 'deb https://deb.nodesource.com/node_16.x sid main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list"
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-12:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:12-alpine3.11
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
+      - run: "[[ -n $CIRCLE_TAG ]] && sudo docker exec --env prebuild_upload sharp sh -c \"npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5 --upload=$prebuild_upload\" || true"
+  linux-arm64-musl-node-16:
+    resource_class: arm.medium
+    machine:
+      image: ubuntu-2004:202101-01
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run: |
+          sudo chown 0.0 ${PWD}
+          sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:16-alpine3.11
+          sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm"
+      - run: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"

.cirrus.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 freebsd_instance:
-  image_family: freebsd-12-0
+  image_family: freebsd-13-0-snap
 
 task:
+  name: FreeBSD 13.0
+  env:
+    IGNORE_OSVERSION: yes
+  skip_notifications: true
   prerequisites_script:
-    - sed -i '' 's/quarterly/latest/g' /etc/pkg/FreeBSD.conf
     - pkg update -f
     - pkg upgrade -y
-    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips libnghttp2 node npm
+    - pkg install -y pkgconf vips node npm
   install_script:
-    - npm install --unsafe-perm
+    - npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
   test_script:
     - npm test

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Please select the `master` branch as the destination for your Pull Request so yo
 
 Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/master`.
 
-To test C++ changes, you can compile the module using `npm install` and then run the tests using `npm test`.
+To test C++ changes, you can compile the module using `npm install --build-from-source` and then run the tests using `npm test`.
 
 ## Submit a Pull Request with a new feature
 
@@ -42,11 +42,6 @@ You deserve to add your details to the [list of contributors](https://github.com
 
 Any change that modifies the existing public API should be added to the relevant work-in-progress branch for inclusion in the next major release.
 
-| Release | WIP branch |
-| ------: | :--------- |
-| v0.24.0 | wit        |
-| v0.25.0 | yield      |
-
 Please squash your changes into a single commit using a command like `git rebase -i upstream/<wip-branch>`.
 
 ### Add a new public method

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: Documentation
+    url: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/
+    about: Installation instructions, complete API documentation with examples, changelog

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: Feature request
 about: Suggest an idea
-title: ''
 labels: enhancement
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/installation.md

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 ---
 name: Installation
-about: Something went wrong **installing** sharp
-title: ''
+about: Something went wrong during either 'npm install sharp' or 'require("sharp")'
 labels: installation
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
 Did you see the [documentation relating to installation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install)?
 
-Have you ensured the platform and version of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the platform and version of Node.js used at runtime?
+Have you ensured the architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install` is the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime?
 
-If you are installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
+
+If you are using npm v6 or earlier and installing as a `root` or `sudo` user, have you tried with the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag?
+
+If you are using npm v7, does the user running `npm install` own the directory it is run in?
 
 If you are using the `ignore-scripts` feature of `npm`, have you tried with the `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag?
 
 What is the complete output of running `npm install --verbose sharp`? Have you checked this output for useful error messages?
 
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/possible-bug.md

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 ---
 name: Possible bug
-about: Something unexpected occurred **using** sharp
-title: ''
+about: Installation of sharp was successful but then something unexpected occurred using one of its features
 labels: triage
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
 <!-- If this issue relates to installation, please use https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/new?labels=installation&template=installation.md instead. -->
 
-What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --languages --system --utilities`?
+Are you using the latest version? Is the version currently in use as reported by `npm ls sharp` the same as the latest version as reported by `npm view sharp dist-tags.latest`?
 
 What are the steps to reproduce?
 
 What is the expected behaviour?
 
-Are you able to provide a standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
+Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample, without other dependencies, that demonstrates this problem?
 
 Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the problem?
+
+What is the output of running `npx envinfo --binaries --system`?

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 ---
 name: Question
 about: For help understanding an existing feature
-title: ''
 labels: question
-assignees: ''
 
 ---
 
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ What are you trying to achieve?
 
 Have you searched for similar questions?
 
-Are you able to provide a standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
+Are you able to provide a minimal, standalone code sample that demonstrates this question?
 
 Are you able to provide a sample image that helps explain the question?

.github/workflows/ci-darwin-arm64v8.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: CI (MacStadium)
+on:
+  - push
+  - pull_request
+jobs:
+  CI:
+    runs-on: macos-m1
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: /usr/bin/arch -arch arm64e /bin/bash -l {0}
+    steps:
+      - name: Dependencies
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+        with:
+          node-version: 16
+          architecture: arm64
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
+      - name: Test
+        run: npm test
+      - name: Prebuild
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        env:
+          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+name: CI (GitHub)
+on:
+  - push
+  - pull_request
+jobs:
+  CI:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    container: ${{ matrix.container }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: centos:7
+            nodejs_version: 12
+            coverage: true
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: centos:7
+            nodejs_version: 14
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: centos:7
+            nodejs_version: 16
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: node:12-alpine3.11
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: node:14-alpine3.11
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: node:14-alpine3.13
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+            container: node:16-alpine3.11
+          - os: macos-10.15
+            nodejs_version: 12
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: macos-10.15
+            nodejs_version: 14
+          - os: macos-10.15
+            nodejs_version: 16
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 12
+            prebuild: true
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 14
+          - os: windows-2019
+            nodejs_version: 16
+    steps:
+      - name: Dependencies (Linux glibc)
+        if: contains(matrix.container, 'centos')
+        run: |
+          curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}.x | bash -
+          yum install -y centos-release-scl
+          yum install -y devtoolset-10-gcc-c++ make git python3 nodejs
+          echo "/opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Dependencies (Linux musl)
+        if: contains(matrix.container, 'alpine')
+        run: apk add build-base git python3 --update-cache
+      - name: Dependencies (macOS, Windows)
+        if: contains(matrix.os, 'macos') || contains(matrix.os, 'windows')
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.nodejs_version }}
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Fix working directory ownership
+        if: matrix.container
+        run: chown root.root .
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install --build-from-source --unsafe-perm
+      - name: Test
+        run: npm test
+      - name: Coverage
+        if: matrix.coverage
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v1.1.2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Prebuild
+        if: matrix.prebuild && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        env:
+          prebuild_upload: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5

.prebuildrc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "include-regex": "(sharp\\.node|libvips-cpp\\.dll)",
+  "include-regex": "(sharp-.+\\.node|libvips-cpp\\.dll)",
   "strip": true
 }

.travis.yml

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 10"
-      os: linux
-      dist: xenial
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "10"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 12"
-      os: linux
-      dist: xenial
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "12"
-    - name: "Linux (glibc 2.17+) - Node.js 13"
-      os: linux
-      dist: xenial
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "13"
-      after_success:
-        - npm install coveralls
-        - cat ./coverage/lcov.info | ./node_modules/coveralls/bin/coveralls.js
-    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 10"
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:10.17.0-alpine3.9 # https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/issues/1158
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 12"
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:12.0-alpine
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux (musl 1.1.20+) - Node.js 13"
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --env PREBUILD_TOKEN --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp node:13.0-alpine
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apk add build-base git python2 --update-cache
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "Linux ARM64v8 (glibc 2.29+) - Node.js 10"
-      arch: arm64
-      os: linux
-      dist: bionic
-      language: minimal
-      before_install:
-        - sudo docker run -dit --name sharp --env CI --volume "${PWD}:/mnt/sharp" --workdir /mnt/sharp arm64v8/debian:bullseye
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apt-get update
-        - sudo docker exec sharp apt-get install -y build-essential git python2 nodejs npm
-      install: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm install --unsafe-perm"
-      script: sudo docker exec sharp sh -c "npm test"
-    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 10"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode10.1
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "10"
-    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 12"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode10.1
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "12"
-    - name: "macOS (10.13+) - Node.js 13"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode10.1
-      language: node_js
-      node_js: "13"
-cache:
-  npm: false

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lovell/sharp/master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg?sanitize=true" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
-
-```sh
-npm install sharp
-```
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
-smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
+smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, WebP and AVIF images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
 quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
@@ -20,12 +16,23 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit macOS, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 10, 12 and 13
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 12.13.0
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
+## Documentation
+
+Visit [sharp.pixelplumbing.com](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) for complete
+[installation instructions](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install),
+[API documentation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-constructor),
+[benchmark tests](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/performance) and
+[changelog](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/changelog).
+
 ## Examples
 
+```sh
+npm install sharp
+```
+
 ```javascript
 const sharp = require('sharp');
 ```
@@ -44,6 +51,7 @@ sharp(inputBuffer)
 sharp('input.jpg')
   .rotate()
   .resize(200)
+  .jpeg({ mozjpeg: true })
   .toBuffer()
   .then( data => { ... })
   .catch( err => { ... });
@@ -85,24 +93,17 @@ readableStream
   .pipe(writableStream);
 ```
 
-[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
-
-### Documentation
-
-Visit [sharp.pixelplumbing.com](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/) for complete
-[installation instructions](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install),
-[API documentation](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/api-constructor),
-[benchmark tests](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/performance) and
-[changelog](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/changelog).
-
-### Contributing
+## Contributing
 
 A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-### Licensing
+[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
+[![Node-API v5](https://img.shields.io/badge/Node--API-v5-green.svg)](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest/docs/api/n-api.html#n_api_n_api_version_matrix)
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+## Licensing
+
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
-os: Visual Studio 2017
+os: Visual Studio 2019
 version: "{build}"
 build: off
-platform: x64
+platform: x86
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - nodejs_version: "10"
   - nodejs_version: "12"
-  - nodejs_version: "13"
+    prebuild: true
+  - nodejs_version: "14"
+  - nodejs_version: "16"
 install:
-  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version) x64
-  - npm install -g npm@6
-  - npm install
+  - ps: Update-NodeJsInstallation (Get-NodeJsLatestBuild $env:nodejs_version)
+  - npm install --build-from-source
 test_script:
   - npm test
+on_success:
+  - if [%prebuild%] == [true] if [%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG%] == [true] npx prebuild --runtime napi --target 5

binding.gyp

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 {
+  'variables': {
+    'vips_version': '<!(node -p "require(\'./lib/libvips\').minimumLibvipsVersion")',
+    'platform_and_arch': '<!(node -p "require(\'./lib/platform\')()")',
+    'sharp_vendor_dir': './vendor/<(vips_version)/<(platform_and_arch)'
+  },
   'targets': [{
     'target_name': 'libvips-cpp',
     'conditions': [
@@ -16,20 +21,39 @@
           'src/libvips/cplusplus/VImage.cpp'
         ],
         'include_dirs': [
-          'vendor/include',
-          'vendor/include/glib-2.0',
-          'vendor/lib/glib-2.0/include'
-        ],
-        'libraries': [
-          '../vendor/lib/libvips.lib',
-          '../vendor/lib/libglib-2.0.lib',
-          '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.lib'
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/include',
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/include/glib-2.0',
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib/glib-2.0/include'
         ],
+        'link_settings': {
+          'library_dirs': ['<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib'],
+          'libraries': [
+            'libvips.lib',
+            'libglib-2.0.lib',
+            'libgobject-2.0.lib'
+          ],
+        },
         'configurations': {
           'Release': {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-                'ExceptionHandling': 1
+                'ExceptionHandling': 1,
+                'Optimization': 1,
+                'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
+              },
+              'VCLibrarianTool': {
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
+              },
+              'VCLinkerTool': {
+                'ImageHasSafeExceptionHandlers': 'false',
+                'OptimizeReferences': 2,
+                'EnableCOMDATFolding': 2,
+                'LinkIncremental': 1,
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
               }
             },
             'msvs_disabled_warnings': [
@@ -43,16 +67,20 @@
       }]
     ]
   }, {
-    'target_name': 'sharp',
+    'target_name': 'sharp-<(platform_and_arch)',
+    'defines': [
+      'NAPI_VERSION=5'
+    ],
     'dependencies': [
+      '<!(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').gyp")',
       'libvips-cpp'
     ],
     'variables': {
       'runtime_link%': 'shared',
       'conditions': [
         ['OS != "win"', {
-          'pkg_config_path': '<!(node -e "console.log(require(\'./lib/libvips\').pkgConfigPath())")',
-          'use_global_libvips': '<!(node -e "console.log(Boolean(require(\'./lib/libvips\').useGlobalLibvips()).toString())")'
+          'pkg_config_path': '<!(node -p "require(\'./lib/libvips\').pkgConfigPath()")',
+          'use_global_libvips': '<!(node -p "Boolean(require(\'./lib/libvips\').useGlobalLibvips()).toString()")'
         }, {
           'pkg_config_path': '',
           'use_global_libvips': ''
@@ -65,11 +93,11 @@
       'src/stats.cc',
       'src/operations.cc',
       'src/pipeline.cc',
-      'src/sharp.cc',
-      'src/utilities.cc'
+      'src/utilities.cc',
+      'src/sharp.cc'
     ],
     'include_dirs': [
-      '<!(node -e "require(\'nan\')")'
+      '<!(node -p "require(\'node-addon-api\').include_dir")',
     ],
     'conditions': [
       ['use_global_libvips == "true"', {
@@ -91,9 +119,9 @@
       }, {
         # Use pre-built libvips stored locally within node_modules
         'include_dirs': [
-          'vendor/include',
-          'vendor/include/glib-2.0',
-          'vendor/lib/glib-2.0/include'
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/include',
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/include/glib-2.0',
+          '<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib/glib-2.0/include'
         ],
         'conditions': [
           ['OS == "win"', {
@@ -101,64 +129,43 @@
               '_ALLOW_KEYWORD_MACROS',
               '_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64'
             ],
-            'libraries': [
-              '../vendor/lib/libvips.lib',
-              '../vendor/lib/libglib-2.0.lib',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.lib'
-            ]
+            'link_settings': {
+              'library_dirs': ['<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib'],
+              'libraries': [
+                'libvips.lib',
+                'libglib-2.0.lib',
+                'libgobject-2.0.lib'
+              ]
+            }
           }],
           ['OS == "mac"', {
-            'libraries': [
-              '../vendor/lib/libvips-cpp.42.dylib',
-              '../vendor/lib/libvips.42.dylib',
-              '../vendor/lib/libglib-2.0.0.dylib',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.0.dylib',
-              # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
-              '-rpath \'@loader_path/../../vendor/lib\''
-            ]
+            'link_settings': {
+              'library_dirs': ['../<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib'],
+              'libraries': [
+                'libvips-cpp.42.dylib'
+              ]
+            },
+            'xcode_settings': {
+              'OTHER_LDFLAGS': [
+                # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
+                '-Wl,-rpath,\'@loader_path/../../<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib\''
+              ]
+            }
           }],
           ['OS == "linux"', {
             'defines': [
-              '_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0'
+              '_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1'
             ],
-            'libraries': [
-              '../vendor/lib/libvips-cpp.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libvips.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libglib-2.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgobject-2.0.so',
-              # Dependencies of dependencies, included for openSUSE support
-              '../vendor/lib/libcairo.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libexif.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libexpat.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libffi.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libfontconfig.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libfreetype.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libfribidi.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgif.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgio-2.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgsf-1.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libgthread-2.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libharfbuzz.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libjpeg.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/liblcms2.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/liborc-0.4.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libpango-1.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libpangocairo-1.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libpangoft2-1.0.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libpixman-1.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libpng.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/librsvg-2.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libtiff.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libwebp.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libwebpdemux.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libwebpmux.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libxml2.so',
-              '../vendor/lib/libz.so',
-              # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
-              '-Wl,--disable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath=\'$${ORIGIN}/../../vendor/lib\''
-            ]
+            'link_settings': {
+              'library_dirs': ['../<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib'],
+              'libraries': [
+                '-l:libvips-cpp.so.42'
+              ],
+              'ldflags': [
+                # Ensure runtime linking is relative to sharp.node
+                '-Wl,-s -Wl,--disable-new-dtags -Wl,-rpath=\'$$ORIGIN/../../<(sharp_vendor_dir)/lib\''
+              ]
+            }
           }]
         ]
       }]
@@ -167,18 +174,17 @@
       '-std=c++0x',
       '-fexceptions',
       '-Wall',
-      '-O3'
+      '-Os'
     ],
     'xcode_settings': {
       'CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD': 'c++11',
-      'CLANG_CXX_LIBRARY': 'libc++',
-      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.7',
+      'MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET': '10.9',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_EXCEPTIONS': 'YES',
       'GCC_ENABLE_CPP_RTTI': 'YES',
       'OTHER_CPLUSPLUSFLAGS': [
         '-fexceptions',
         '-Wall',
-        '-O3'
+        '-Oz'
       ]
     },
     'configurations': {
@@ -189,10 +195,31 @@
               '-Wno-cast-function-type'
             ]
           }],
+          ['target_arch == "arm"', {
+            'cflags_cc': [
+              '-Wno-psabi'
+            ]
+          }],
           ['OS == "win"', {
             'msvs_settings': {
               'VCCLCompilerTool': {
-                'ExceptionHandling': 1
+                'ExceptionHandling': 1,
+                'Optimization': 1,
+                'WholeProgramOptimization': 'true'
+              },
+              'VCLibrarianTool': {
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
+              },
+              'VCLinkerTool': {
+                'ImageHasSafeExceptionHandlers': 'false',
+                'OptimizeReferences': 2,
+                'EnableCOMDATFolding': 2,
+                'LinkIncremental': 1,
+                'AdditionalOptions': [
+                  '/LTCG:INCREMENTAL'
+                ]
               }
             },
             'msvs_disabled_warnings': [

docs/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # sharp
 
-<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lovell/sharp/master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg?sanitize=true" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
+<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lovell/sharp@master/docs/image/sharp-logo.svg" width="160" height="160" alt="sharp logo" align="right">
 
 The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module
 is to convert large images in common formats to
-smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.
+smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG, AVIF and WebP images of varying dimensions.
 
 Resizing an image is typically 4x-5x faster than using the
 quickest ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick settings
@@ -16,17 +16,14 @@ Lanczos resampling ensures quality is not sacrificed for speed.
 As well as image resizing, operations such as
 rotation, extraction, compositing and gamma correction are available.
 
-Most modern 64-bit macOS, Windows and Linux systems running
-Node versions 10, 12 and 13
+Most modern macOS, Windows and Linux systems running Node.js >= 12.13.0
 do not require any additional install or runtime dependencies.
 
-[![Test Coverage](https://coveralls.io/repos/lovell/sharp/badge.png?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/lovell/sharp?branch=master)
-
 ### Formats
 
-This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF and SVG images.
+This module supports reading JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF and SVG images.
 
-Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
+Output images can be in JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF and TIFF formats as well as uncompressed raw pixel data.
 
 Streams, Buffer objects and the filesystem can be used for input and output.
 
@@ -53,6 +50,10 @@ no child processes are spawned and Promises/async/await are supported.
 
 ### Optimal
 
+The features of `mozjpeg` and `pngquant` can be used
+to optimise the file size of JPEG and PNG images respectively,
+without having to invoke separate `imagemin` processes.
+
 Huffman tables are optimised when generating JPEG output images
 without having to use separate command line tools like
 [jpegoptim](https://github.com/tjko/jpegoptim) and
@@ -67,76 +68,9 @@ as [pngcrush](https://pmt.sourceforge.io/pngcrush/).
 A [guide for contributors](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)
 covers reporting bugs, requesting features and submitting code changes.
 
-### Credits
-
-This module would never have been possible without
-the help and code contributions of the following people:
-
-* [John Cupitt](https://github.com/jcupitt)
-* [Pierre Inglebert](https://github.com/pierreinglebert)
-* [Jonathan Ong](https://github.com/jonathanong)
-* [Chanon Sajjamanochai](https://github.com/chanon)
-* [Juliano Julio](https://github.com/julianojulio)
-* [Daniel Gasienica](https://github.com/gasi)
-* [Julian Walker](https://github.com/julianwa)
-* [Amit Pitaru](https://github.com/apitaru)
-* [Brandon Aaron](https://github.com/brandonaaron)
-* [Andreas Lind](https://github.com/papandreou)
-* [Maurus Cuelenaere](https://github.com/mcuelenaere)
-* [Linus Unnebäck](https://github.com/LinusU)
-* [Victor Mateevitsi](https://github.com/mvictoras)
-* [Alaric Holloway](https://github.com/skedastik)
-* [Bernhard K. Weisshuhn](https://github.com/bkw)
-* [David A. Carley](https://github.com/dacarley)
-* [John Tobin](https://github.com/jtobinisaniceguy)
-* [Kenton Gray](https://github.com/kentongray)
-* [Felix Bünemann](https://github.com/felixbuenemann)
-* [Samy Al Zahrani](https://github.com/salzhrani)
-* [Chintan Thakkar](https://github.com/lemnisk8)
-* [F. Orlando Galashan](https://github.com/frulo)
-* [Kleis Auke Wolthuizen](https://github.com/kleisauke)
-* [Matt Hirsch](https://github.com/mhirsch)
-* [Rahul Nanwani](https://github.com/rnanwani)
-* [Matthias Thoemmes](https://github.com/cmtt)
-* [Patrick Paskaris](https://github.com/ppaskaris)
-* [Jérémy Lal](https://github.com/kapouer)
-* [Alice Monday](https://github.com/alice0meta)
-* [Kristo Jorgenson](https://github.com/kristojorg)
-* [Yves Bos](https://github.com/YvesBos)
-* [Nicolas Coden](https://github.com/ncoden)
-* [Matt Parrish](https://github.com/pbomb)
-* [Matthew McEachen](https://github.com/mceachen)
-* [Jarda Kotěšovec](https://github.com/jardakotesovec)
-* [Kenric D'Souza](https://github.com/AzureByte)
-* [Oleh Aleinyk](https://github.com/oaleynik)
-* [Marcel Bretschneider](https://github.com/3epnm)
-* [Andrea Bianco](https://github.com/BiancoA)
-* [Rik Heywood](https://github.com/rikh42)
-* [Thomas Parisot](https://github.com/oncletom)
-* [Nathan Graves](https://github.com/woolite64)
-* [Tom Lokhorst](https://github.com/tomlokhorst)
-* [Espen Hovlandsdal](https://github.com/rexxars)
-* [Sylvain Dumont](https://github.com/sylvaindumont)
-* [Alun Davies](https://github.com/alundavies)
-* [Aidan Hoolachan](https://github.com/ajhool)
-* [Axel Eirola](https://github.com/aeirola)
-* [Freezy](https://github.com/freezy)
-* [Julian Aubourg](https://github.com/jaubourg)
-* [Keith Belovay](https://github.com/fromkeith)
-* [Michael B. Klein](https://github.com/mbklein)
-* [Jakub Michálek](https://github.com/Goues)
-* [Ilya Ovdin](https://github.com/iovdin)
-* [Andargor](https://github.com/Andargor)
-* [Nicolas Stepien](https://github.com/MayhemYDG)
-* [Paul Neave](https://github.com/neave)
-* [Brendan Kennedy](https://github.com/rustyguts)
-* [Brychan Bennett-Odlum](https://github.com/BrychanOdlum)
-
-Thank you!
-
 ### Licensing
 
-Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
+Copyright 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Lovell Fuller and contributors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

docs/api-channel.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
 
+See also [flatten][1].
+
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
@@ -18,23 +20,38 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 ## ensureAlpha
 
-Ensure alpha channel, if missing. The added alpha channel will be fully opaque. This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
+Ensure the output image has an alpha transparency channel.
+If missing, the added alpha channel will have the specified
+transparency level, defaulting to fully-opaque (1).
+This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `alpha` **[number][2]** alpha transparency level (0=fully-transparent, 1=fully-opaque) (optional, default `1`)
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-sharp('rgb.jpg')
+// rgba.png will be a 4 channel image with a fully-opaque alpha channel
+await sharp('rgb.jpg')
   .ensureAlpha()
-  .toFile('rgba.png', function(err, info) {
-    // rgba.png is a 4 channel image with a fully opaque alpha channel
-  });
+  .toFile('rgba.png')
 ```
 
+```javascript
+// rgba is a 4 channel image with a fully-transparent alpha channel
+const rgba = await sharp(rgb)
+  .ensureAlpha(0)
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid alpha transparency level
+
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 **Meta**
 
--   **since**: 0.21.2
+*   **since**: 0.21.2
 
 ## extractChannel
 
@@ -42,20 +59,26 @@ Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `channel` **([Number][1] \| [String][2])** zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
+*   `channel` **([number][2] | [string][4])** zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`.
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-sharp(input)
+// green.jpg is a greyscale image containing the green channel of the input
+await sharp(input)
   .extractChannel('green')
-  .toFile('input_green.jpg', function(err, info) {
-    // info.channels === 1
-    // input_green.jpg contains the green channel of the input image
-   });
+  .toFile('green.jpg');
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid channel
+```javascript
+// red1 is the red value of the first pixel, red2 the second pixel etc.
+const [red1, red2, ...] = await sharp(input)
+  .extractChannel(0)
+  .raw()
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid channel
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -66,19 +89,20 @@ The meaning of the added channels depends on the output colourspace, set with `t
 By default the output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
 Channel ordering follows vips convention:
 
--   sRGB: 0: Red, 1: Green, 2: Blue, 3: Alpha.
--   CMYK: 0: Magenta, 1: Cyan, 2: Yellow, 3: Black, 4: Alpha.
+*   sRGB: 0: Red, 1: Green, 2: Blue, 3: Alpha.
+*   CMYK: 0: Magenta, 1: Cyan, 2: Yellow, 3: Black, 4: Alpha.
 
-Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp: JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data.
+Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp.
 For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, which follows the format of the attribute of the same name in the `sharp()` constructor.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `images` **([Array][4]<([String][2] \| [Buffer][5])> | [String][2] \| [Buffer][5])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
--   `options` **[Object][6]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
+*   `images` **([Array][5]<([string][4] | [Buffer][6])> | [string][4] | [Buffer][6])** one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
+*   `options` **[Object][7]** image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -88,7 +112,7 @@ Perform a bitwise boolean operation on all input image channels (bands) to produ
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `boolOp` **[String][2]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+*   `boolOp` **[string][4]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -102,18 +126,20 @@ sharp('3-channel-rgb-input.png')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][3]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-[1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[1]: /api-operation#flatten
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
 [3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[5]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+[6]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object

docs/api-colour.md

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `rgb` **([String][1] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
+*   `rgb` **([string][1] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][3] module to extract chroma values.
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameter
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameter
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ An alpha channel may be present, and will be unchanged by the operation.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `greyscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `greyscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -35,7 +36,52 @@ Alternative spelling of `greyscale`.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `grayscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `grayscale` **[Boolean][5]**  (optional, default `true`)
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+## pipelineColourspace
+
+Set the pipeline colourspace.
+
+The input image will be converted to the provided colourspace at the start of the pipeline.
+All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace, as defined by [toColourspace][6].
+
+This feature is experimental and has not yet been fully-tested with all operations.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `colourspace` **[string][1]?** pipeline colourspace e.g. `rgb16`, `scrgb`, `lab`, `grey16` [...][7]
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Run pipeline in 16 bits per channel RGB while converting final result to 8 bits per channel sRGB.
+await sharp(input)
+ .pipelineColourspace('rgb16')
+ .toColourspace('srgb')
+ .toFile('16bpc-pipeline-to-8bpc-output.png')
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.29.0
+
+## pipelineColorspace
+
+Alternative spelling of `pipelineColourspace`.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `colorspace` **[string][1]?** pipeline colorspace.
+
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -46,10 +92,18 @@ By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels inte
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `colourspace` **[String][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][6]
+*   `colourspace` **[string][1]?** output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][8]
 
+### Examples
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+```javascript
+// Output 16 bits per pixel RGB
+await sharp(input)
+ .toColourspace('rgb16')
+ .toFile('16-bpp.png')
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -59,10 +113,11 @@ Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `colorspace` **[String][1]?** output colorspace.
+*   `colorspace` **[string][1]?** output colorspace.
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -76,4 +131,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 [5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[6]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568
+[6]: #tocolourspace
+
+[7]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/41cff4e9d0838498487a00623462204eb10ee5b8/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L774
+
+[8]: https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/3c0bfdf74ce1dc37a6429bed47fa76f16e2cd70a/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L777-L794

docs/api-composite.md

@@ -19,24 +19,30 @@ and [https://www.cairographics.org/operators/][2]
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `images` **[Array][3]<[Object][4]>** Ordered list of images to composite
-    -   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] \| [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
-        -   `images[].input.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
-            -   `images[].input.create.width` **[Number][7]?** 
-            -   `images[].input.create.height` **[Number][7]?** 
-            -   `images[].input.create.channels` **[Number][7]?** 3-4
-            -   `images[].input.create.background` **([String][6] \| [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][8] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
-    -   `images[].blend` **[String][6]** how to blend this image with the image below. (optional, default `'over'`)
-    -   `images[].gravity` **[String][6]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    -   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
-    -   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
-    -   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 
-        -   `images[].raw.height` **[Number][7]?** 
-        -   `images[].raw.channels` **[Number][7]?** 
+*   `images` **[Array][3]<[Object][4]>** Ordered list of images to composite
+
+    *   `images[].input` **([Buffer][5] | [String][6])?** Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below)
+
+        *   `images[].input.create` **[Object][4]?** describes a blank overlay to be created.
+
+            *   `images[].input.create.width` **[Number][7]?** 
+            *   `images[].input.create.height` **[Number][7]?** 
+            *   `images[].input.create.channels` **[Number][7]?** 3-4
+            *   `images[].input.create.background` **([String][6] | [Object][4])?** parsed by the [color][8] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+    *   `images[].blend` **[String][6]** how to blend this image with the image below. (optional, default `'over'`)
+    *   `images[].gravity` **[String][6]** gravity at which to place the overlay. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+    *   `images[].top` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the top edge.
+    *   `images[].left` **[Number][7]?** the pixel offset from the left edge.
+    *   `images[].tile` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to repeat the overlay image across the entire image with the given `gravity`. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `images[].premultiplied` **[Boolean][9]** set to true to avoid premultipling the image below. Equivalent to the `--premultiplied` vips option. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `images[].density` **[Number][7]** number representing the DPI for vector overlay image. (optional, default `72`)
+    *   `images[].raw` **[Object][4]?** describes overlay when using raw pixel data.
+
+        *   `images[].raw.width` **[Number][7]?** 
+        *   `images[].raw.height` **[Number][7]?** 
+        *   `images[].raw.channels` **[Number][7]?** 
+    *   `images[].failOnError` **[boolean][9]** @see [constructor parameters][10] (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `images[].limitInputPixels` **([number][7] | [boolean][9])** @see [constructor parameters][10] (optional, default `268402689`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -57,13 +63,13 @@ sharp('input.png')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][10]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][11]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 **Meta**
 
--   **since**: 0.22.0
+*   **since**: 0.22.0
 
 [1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/libvips-conversion.html#VipsBlendMode
 
@@ -83,4 +89,6 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 [9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
 
-[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+[10]: /api-constructor#parameters
+
+[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error

docs/api-constructor.md

@@ -2,32 +2,55 @@
 
 ## Sharp
 
+Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
+
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
+When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
+
+Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
+
+Implements the [stream.Duplex][1] class.
+
 ### Parameters
 
--   `input` **([Buffer][1] \| [String][2])?** if present, can be
-     a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
-     a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
-     JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
--   `options` **[Object][3]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.failOnError` **[Boolean][4]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
-         Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.limitInputPixels` **([Number][5] \| [Boolean][4])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
-         (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
-         An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
-    -   `options.sequentialRead` **[Boolean][4]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
-         This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.density` **[Number][5]** number representing the DPI for vector images. (optional, default `72`)
-    -   `options.pages` **[Number][5]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
-    -   `options.page` **[Number][5]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][3]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][5]?** 1-4
-    -   `options.create` **[Object][3]?** describes a new image to be created.
-        -   `options.create.width` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.height` **[Number][5]?** 
-        -   `options.create.channels` **[Number][5]?** 3-4
-        -   `options.create.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][3])?** parsed by the [color][6] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+*   `input` **([Buffer][2] | [Uint8Array][3] | [Uint8ClampedArray][4] | [Int8Array][5] | [Uint16Array][6] | [Int16Array][7] | [Uint32Array][8] | [Int32Array][9] | [Float32Array][10] | [Float64Array][11] | [string][12])?** if present, can be
+    a Buffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
+    a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or
+    a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+    JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
+*   `options` **[Object][13]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+
+    *   `options.failOnError` **[boolean][14]** by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+        Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid. (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `options.limitInputPixels` **([number][15] | [boolean][14])** Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+        (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
+        An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF). (optional, default `268402689`)
+    *   `options.sequentialRead` **[boolean][14]** Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+        This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.density` **[number][15]** number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000. (optional, default `72`)
+    *   `options.pages` **[number][15]** number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages. (optional, default `1`)
+    *   `options.page` **[number][15]** page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.subifd` **[number][15]** subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image. (optional, default `-1`)
+    *   `options.level` **[number][15]** level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based. (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.animated` **[boolean][14]** Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`). (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.raw` **[Object][13]?** describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
+
+        *   `options.raw.width` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels wide.
+        *   `options.raw.height` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels high.
+        *   `options.raw.channels` **[number][15]?** integral number of channels, between 1 and 4.
+        *   `options.raw.premultiplied` **[boolean][14]?** specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`
+            to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.create` **[Object][13]?** describes a new image to be created.
+
+        *   `options.create.width` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels wide.
+        *   `options.create.height` **[number][15]?** integral number of pixels high.
+        *   `options.create.channels` **[number][15]?** integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA).
+        *   `options.create.background` **([string][12] | [Object][13])?** parsed by the [color][16] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+        *   `options.create.noise` **[Object][13]?** describes a noise to be created.
+
+            *   `options.create.noise.type` **[string][12]?** type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
+            *   `options.create.noise.mean` **[number][15]?** mean of pixels in generated noise.
+            *   `options.create.noise.sigma` **[number][15]?** standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -68,9 +91,45 @@ sharp({
 .then( ... );
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][7]** Invalid parameters
+```javascript
+// Convert an animated GIF to an animated WebP
+await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true }).toFile('out.webp');
+```
 
-Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
+```javascript
+// Read a raw array of pixels and save it to a png
+const input = Uint8Array.from([255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0]); // or Uint8ClampedArray
+const image = sharp(input, {
+  // because the input does not contain its dimensions or how many channels it has
+  // we need to specify it in the constructor options
+  raw: {
+    width: 2,
+    height: 1,
+    channels: 3
+  }
+});
+await image.toFile('my-two-pixels.png');
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Generate RGB Gaussian noise
+await sharp({
+  create: {
+    width: 300,
+    height: 200,
+    channels: 3,
+    noise: {
+      type: 'gaussian',
+      mean: 128,
+      sigma: 30
+    }
+ }
+}).toFile('noise.png');
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][17]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **[Sharp][18]** 
 
 ## clone
 
@@ -89,20 +148,89 @@ readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
 // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
 ```
 
-Returns **[Sharp][8]** 
+```javascript
+// Create a pipeline that will download an image, resize it and format it to different files
+// Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
+const fs = require("fs");
+const got = require("got");
+const sharpStream = sharp({
+  failOnError: false
+});
 
-[1]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+const promises = [];
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .jpeg({ quality: 100 })
+    .toFile("originalFile.jpg")
+);
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .resize({ width: 500 })
+    .jpeg({ quality: 80 })
+    .toFile("optimized-500.jpg")
+);
 
-[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+promises.push(
+  sharpStream
+    .clone()
+    .resize({ width: 500 })
+    .webp({ quality: 80 })
+    .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
+);
 
-[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+// https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
 
-[6]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+Promise.all(promises)
+  .then(res => { console.log("Done!", res); })
+  .catch(err => {
+    console.error("Error processing files, let's clean it up", err);
+    try {
+      fs.unlinkSync("originalFile.jpg");
+      fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.jpg");
+      fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.webp");
+    } catch (e) {}
+  });
+```
 
-[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+Returns **[Sharp][18]** 
 
-[8]: #sharp
+[1]: http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex
+
+[2]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+
+[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8Array
+
+[4]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint8ClampedArray
+
+[5]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int8Array
+
+[6]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint16Array
+
+[7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int16Array
+
+[8]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Uint32Array
+
+[9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Int32Array
+
+[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Float32Array
+
+[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Float64Array
+
+[12]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+
+[13]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
+
+[14]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+
+[15]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+
+[16]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+
+[17]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error
+
+[18]: #sharp

docs/api-input.md

@@ -5,33 +5,37 @@
 Fast access to (uncached) image metadata without decoding any compressed image data.
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
--   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
--   `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
--   `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
--   `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
--   `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][1]
--   `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
--   `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...][2]
--   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
--   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
--   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
--   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
--   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
--   `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
--   `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
--   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
--   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
--   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
--   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
--   `exif`: Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present
--   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
--   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
--   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
--   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
+*   `format`: Name of decoder used to decompress image data e.g. `jpeg`, `png`, `webp`, `gif`, `svg`
+*   `size`: Total size of image in bytes, for Stream and Buffer input only
+*   `width`: Number of pixels wide (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
+*   `height`: Number of pixels high (EXIF orientation is not taken into consideration)
+*   `space`: Name of colour space interpretation e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...][1]
+*   `channels`: Number of bands e.g. `3` for sRGB, `4` for CMYK
+*   `depth`: Name of pixel depth format e.g. `uchar`, `char`, `ushort`, `float` [...][2]
+*   `density`: Number of pixels per inch (DPI), if present
+*   `chromaSubsampling`: String containing JPEG chroma subsampling, `4:2:0` or `4:4:4` for RGB, `4:2:0:4` or `4:4:4:4` for CMYK
+*   `isProgressive`: Boolean indicating whether the image is interlaced using a progressive scan
+*   `pages`: Number of pages/frames contained within the image, with support for TIFF, HEIF, PDF, animated GIF and animated WebP
+*   `pageHeight`: Number of pixels high each page in a multi-page image will be.
+*   `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
+*   `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
+*   `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
+*   `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
+*   `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
+*   `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
+*   `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
+*   `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
+*   `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
+*   `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
+*   `exif`: Buffer containing raw EXIF data, if present
+*   `icc`: Buffer containing raw [ICC][3] profile data, if present
+*   `iptc`: Buffer containing raw IPTC data, if present
+*   `xmp`: Buffer containing raw XMP data, if present
+*   `tifftagPhotoshop`: Buffer containing raw TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP data, if present
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
+*   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, metadata)`
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -50,30 +54,35 @@ image
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **([Promise][5]<[Object][6]> | Sharp)** 
+Returns **([Promise][5]<[Object][6]> | Sharp)** 
 
 ## stats
 
 Access to pixel-derived image statistics for every channel in the image.
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
--   `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
-    -   `min` (minimum value in the channel)
-    -   `max` (maximum value in the channel)
-    -   `sum` (sum of all values in a channel)
-    -   `squaresSum` (sum of squared values in a channel)
-    -   `mean` (mean of the values in a channel)
-    -   `stdev` (standard deviation for the values in a channel)
-    -   `minX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
-    -   `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
-    -   `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
-    -   `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
--   `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
--   `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+*   `channels`: Array of channel statistics for each channel in the image. Each channel statistic contains
+    *   `min` (minimum value in the channel)
+    *   `max` (maximum value in the channel)
+    *   `sum` (sum of all values in a channel)
+    *   `squaresSum` (sum of squared values in a channel)
+    *   `mean` (mean of the values in a channel)
+    *   `stdev` (standard deviation for the values in a channel)
+    *   `minX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
+    *   `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
+    *   `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
+    *   `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
+*   `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
+*   `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+*   `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+*   `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram (experimental)
+
+**Note**: Statistics are derived from the original input image. Any operations performed on the image must first be
+written to a buffer in order to run `stats` on the result (see third example).
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
+*   `callback` **[Function][4]?** called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -86,7 +95,20 @@ image
   });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][5]&lt;[Object][6]>** 
+```javascript
+const { entropy, sharpness, dominant } = await sharp(input).stats();
+const { r, g, b } = dominant;
+```
+
+```javascript
+const image = sharp(input);
+// store intermediate result
+const part = await image.extract(region).toBuffer();
+// create new instance to obtain statistics of extracted region
+const stats = await sharp(part).stats();
+```
+
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** 
 
 [1]: https://libvips.github.io/libvips/API/current/VipsImage.html#VipsInterpretation
 

docs/api-operation.md

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ for example `rotate(x).extract(y)` will produce a different result to `extract(y
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `angle` **[Number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
--   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
-    -   `options.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
+*   `angle` **[number][1]** angle of rotation. (optional, default `auto`)
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+
+    *   `options.background` **([string][3] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ const pipeline = sharp()
 readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ The use of `flip` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `flip` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `flip` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -61,10 +62,66 @@ The use of `flop` implies the removal of the EXIF `Orientation` tag, if any.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `flop` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `flop` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+## affine
+
+Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
+
+You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
+By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background color with the `background` option.
+A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolator` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolator.nohalo`.
+
+In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
+
+*   X = `matrix[0, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[0, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `odx`
+*   Y = `matrix[1, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[1, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `ody`
+
+where:
+
+*   x and y are the coordinates in input image.
+*   X and Y are the coordinates in output image.
+*   (0,0) is the upper left corner.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `matrix` **([Array][7]<[Array][7]<[number][1]>> | [Array][7]<[number][1]>)** affine transformation matrix
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+
+    *   `options.background` **([String][3] | [Object][2])** parsed by the [color][4] module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha. (optional, default `"#000000"`)
+    *   `options.idx` **[Number][1]** input horizontal offset (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.idy` **[Number][1]** input vertical offset (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.odx` **[Number][1]** output horizontal offset (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.ody` **[Number][1]** output vertical offset (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.interpolator` **[String][3]** interpolator (optional, default `sharp.interpolators.bicubic`)
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+const pipeline = sharp()
+  .affine([[1, 0.3], [0.1, 0.7]], {
+     background: 'white',
+     interpolate: sharp.interpolators.nohalo
+  })
+  .toBuffer((err, outputBuffer, info) => {
+     // outputBuffer contains the transformed image
+     // info.width and info.height contain the new dimensions
+  });
+
+inputStream
+  .pipe(pipeline);
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.27.0
+
 ## sharpen
 
 Sharpen the image.
@@ -74,12 +131,13 @@ Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is av
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
--   `flat` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `jagged` **[Number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
+*   `sigma` **[number][1]?** the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+*   `flat` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas. (optional, default `1.0`)
+*   `jagged` **[number][1]** the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas. (optional, default `2.0`)
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -90,10 +148,11 @@ When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `size` **[Number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
+*   `size` **[number][1]** square mask size: size x size (optional, default `3`)
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -105,21 +164,33 @@ When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `sigma` **[Number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+*   `sigma` **[number][1]?** a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## flatten
 
-Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
+Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background, then remove the alpha channel.
+
+See also [removeAlpha][8].
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.background` **([String][3] \| [Object][2])** background colour, parsed by the [color][4] module, defaults to black. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0}`)
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+
+    *   `options.background` **([string][3] | [Object][2])** background colour, parsed by the [color][4] module, defaults to black. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0}`)
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+await sharp(rgbaInput)
+  .flatten({ background: '#F0A703' })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -135,11 +206,12 @@ Supply a second argument to use a different output gamma value, otherwise the fi
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `gamma` **[Number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
--   `gammaOut` **[Number][1]?** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
+*   `gamma` **[number][1]** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, default `2.2`)
+*   `gammaOut` **[number][1]?** value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -149,7 +221,9 @@ Produce the "negative" of the image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `negate` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+
+    *   `options.alpha` **[Boolean][6]** Whether or not to negate any alpha channel (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -159,7 +233,7 @@ Enhance output image contrast by stretching its luminance to cover the full dyna
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `normalise` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `normalise` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -169,22 +243,50 @@ Alternative spelling of normalise.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `normalize` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `normalize` **[Boolean][6]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+## clahe
+
+Perform contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization
+[CLAHE][9].
+
+This will, in general, enhance the clarity of the image by bringing out darker details.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][2]** 
+
+    *   `options.width` **[number][1]** integer width of the region in pixels.
+    *   `options.height` **[number][1]** integer height of the region in pixels.
+    *   `options.maxSlope` **[number][1]** maximum value for the slope of the
+        cumulative histogram. A value of 0 disables contrast limiting. Valid values
+        are integers in the range 0-100 (inclusive) (optional, default `3`)
+
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.28.3
+
 ## convolve
 
 Convolve the image with the specified kernel.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `kernel` **[Object][2]** 
-    -   `kernel.width` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.height` **[Number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
-    -   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]&lt;[Number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
-    -   `kernel.scale` **[Number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
-    -   `kernel.offset` **[Number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
+*   `kernel` **[Object][2]** 
+
+    *   `kernel.width` **[number][1]** width of the kernel in pixels.
+    *   `kernel.height` **[number][1]** height of the kernel in pixels.
+    *   `kernel.kernel` **[Array][7]<[number][1]>** Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
+    *   `kernel.scale` **[number][1]** the scale of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `sum`)
+    *   `kernel.offset` **[number][1]** the offset of the kernel in pixels. (optional, default `0`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -202,23 +304,25 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## threshold
 
-Any pixel value greather than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
+Any pixel value greater than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `threshold` **[Number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
--   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][6]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
+*   `threshold` **[number][1]** a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied. (optional, default `128`)
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
 
+    *   `options.greyscale` **[Boolean][6]** convert to single channel greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `options.grayscale` **[Boolean][6]** alternative spelling for greyscale. (optional, default `true`)
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -231,16 +335,19 @@ the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `operand` **([Buffer][8] \| [String][3])** Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
--   `operator` **[String][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
--   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.raw` **[Object][2]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
-        -   `options.raw.width` **[Number][1]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.height` **[Number][1]?** 
-        -   `options.raw.channels` **[Number][1]?** 
+*   `operand` **([Buffer][10] | [string][3])** Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file.
+*   `operator` **[string][3]** one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
 
+    *   `options.raw` **[Object][2]?** describes operand when using raw pixel data.
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+        *   `options.raw.width` **[number][1]?** 
+        *   `options.raw.height` **[number][1]?** 
+        *   `options.raw.channels` **[number][1]?** 
+
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -250,11 +357,12 @@ Apply the linear formula a \* input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `a` **[Number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
--   `b` **[Number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
+*   `a` **[number][1]** multiplier (optional, default `1.0`)
+*   `b` **[number][1]** offset (optional, default `0.0`)
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -264,8 +372,7 @@ Recomb the image with the specified matrix.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `inputMatrix`  
--   `3x3` **[Array][7]&lt;[Array][7]&lt;[Number][1]>>** Recombination matrix
+*   `inputMatrix` **[Array][7]<[Array][7]<[number][1]>>** 3x3 Recombination matrix
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -283,31 +390,35 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][5]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 **Meta**
 
--   **since**: 0.21.1
+*   **since**: 0.21.1
 
 ## modulate
 
-Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
+Transforms the image using brightness, saturation, hue rotation, and lightness.
+Brightness and lightness both operate on luminance, with the difference being that
+brightness is multiplicative whereas lightness is additive.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
-    -   `options.brightness` **[Number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
-    -   `options.saturation` **[Number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
-    -   `options.hue` **[Number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
+*   `options` **[Object][2]?** 
+
+    *   `options.brightness` **[number][1]?** Brightness multiplier
+    *   `options.saturation` **[number][1]?** Saturation multiplier
+    *   `options.hue` **[number][1]?** Degrees for hue rotation
+    *   `options.lightness` **[number][1]?** Lightness addend
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
 sharp(input)
   .modulate({
-    brightness: 2 // increase lightness by a factor of 2
+    brightness: 2 // increase brightness by a factor of 2
   });
 
 sharp(input)
@@ -315,6 +426,11 @@ sharp(input)
     hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
   });
 
+sharp(input)
+  .modulate({
+    lightness: 50 // increase lightness by +50
+  });
+
 // decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
 sharp(input)
   .modulate({
@@ -328,7 +444,7 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 **Meta**
 
--   **since**: 0.22.1
+*   **since**: 0.22.1
 
 [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
@@ -344,4 +460,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 [7]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
 
-[8]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html
+[8]: /api-channel#removealpha
+
+[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_histogram_equalization#Contrast_Limited_AHE
+
+[10]: https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html

docs/api-output.md

@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@
 Write output image data to a file.
 
 If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the extension,
-with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
+with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
 Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
 
 By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
 See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
 
+The caller is responsible for ensuring directory structures and permissions exist.
+
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `fileOut` **[String][2]** the path to write the image data to.
--   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
+*   `fileOut` **[string][2]** the path to write the image data to.
+*   `callback` **[Function][3]?** called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
     `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
     `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
     When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
@@ -35,14 +37,14 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
-Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Object][6]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## toBuffer
 
 Write output to a Buffer.
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF and raw pixel data output are supported.
 
 If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
 
@@ -51,19 +53,21 @@ See [withMetadata][1] for control over this.
 
 `callback`, if present, gets three arguments `(err, data, info)` where:
 
--   `err` is an error, if any.
--   `data` is the output image data.
--   `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
-    `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
-    When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
+*   `err` is an error, if any.
+*   `data` is the output image data.
+*   `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
+
+`channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
+When using a crop strategy also contains `cropOffsetLeft` and `cropOffsetTop`.
 
 A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.resolveWithObject` **[Boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
--   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+
+    *   `options.resolveWithObject` **[boolean][7]?** Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+*   `callback` **[Function][3]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -86,18 +90,42 @@ sharp(input)
   .catch(err => { ... });
 ```
 
-Returns **[Promise][5]&lt;[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
+```javascript
+const { data, info } = await sharp('my-image.jpg')
+  // output the raw pixels
+  .raw()
+  .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
+
+// create a more type safe way to work with the raw pixel data
+// this will not copy the data, instead it will change `data`s underlying ArrayBuffer
+// so `data` and `pixelArray` point to the same memory location
+const pixelArray = new Uint8ClampedArray(data.buffer);
+
+// When you are done changing the pixelArray, sharp takes the `pixelArray` as an input
+const { width, height, channels } = info;
+await sharp(pixelArray, { raw: { width, height, channels } })
+  .toFile('my-changed-image.jpg');
+```
+
+Returns **[Promise][5]<[Buffer][8]>** when no callback is provided
 
 ## withMetadata
 
 Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
-The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
-This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
+This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile unless a custom
+output profile is provided.
+
+The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
+sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.orientation` **[Number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+
+    *   `options.orientation` **[number][9]?** value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+    *   `options.icc` **[string][2]?** filesystem path to output ICC profile, defaults to sRGB.
+    *   `options.exif` **[Object][6]<[Object][6]>** Object keyed by IFD0, IFD1 etc. of key/value string pairs to write as EXIF data. (optional, default `{}`)
+    *   `options.density` **[number][9]?** Number of pixels per inch (DPI).
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -108,7 +136,26 @@ sharp('input.jpg')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+```javascript
+// Set "IFD0-Copyright" in output EXIF metadata
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .withMetadata({
+    exif: {
+      IFD0: {
+        Copyright: 'Wernham Hogg'
+      }
+    }
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+
+ * @example
+// Set output metadata to 96 DPI
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .withMetadata({ density: 96 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -118,8 +165,8 @@ Force output to a given format.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `format` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
--   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
+*   `format` **([string][2] | [Object][6])** as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+*   `options` **[Object][6]** output options
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -130,7 +177,7 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** unsupported format or options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -140,19 +187,21 @@ Use these JPEG options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[String][2]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality &lt;= 90 (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
-    -   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[Boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.overshootDeringing` **[Boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseScans` **[Boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimizeScans` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.optimiseCoding` **[Boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.optimizeCoding` **[Boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.quantisationTable` **[Number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.quantizationTable` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    *   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:2:0'`)
+    *   `options.optimiseCoding` **[boolean][7]** optimise Huffman coding tables (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `options.optimizeCoding` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseCoding (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `options.mozjpeg` **[boolean][7]** use mozjpeg defaults, equivalent to `{ trellisQuantisation: true, overshootDeringing: true, optimiseScans: true, quantisationTable: 3 }` (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.trellisQuantisation` **[boolean][7]** apply trellis quantisation (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.overshootDeringing` **[boolean][7]** apply overshoot deringing (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.optimiseScans` **[boolean][7]** optimise progressive scans, forces progressive (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.optimizeScans` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of optimiseScans (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.quantisationTable` **[number][9]** quantization table to use, integer 0-8 (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.quantizationTable` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of quantisationTable (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -166,7 +215,14 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+```javascript
+// Use mozjpeg to reduce output JPEG file size (slower)
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .jpeg({ mozjpeg: true })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -174,32 +230,41 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 Use these PNG options for output image.
 
-PNG output is always full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
+By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
 Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
+Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.progressive` **[Boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.compressionLevel` **[Number][9]** zlib compression level, 0-9 (optional, default `9`)
-    -   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[Boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.palette` **[Boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.colours` **[Number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.colors` **[Number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.dither` **[Number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+
+    *   `options.progressive` **[boolean][7]** use progressive (interlace) scan (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.compressionLevel` **[number][9]** zlib compression level, 0 (fastest, largest) to 9 (slowest, smallest) (optional, default `6`)
+    *   `options.adaptiveFiltering` **[boolean][7]** use adaptive row filtering (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.palette` **[boolean][7]** quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `100`)
+    *   `options.colours` **[number][9]** maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.colors` **[number][9]** alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.dither` **[number][9]** level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true` (optional, default `1.0`)
+    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-// Convert any input to PNG output
+// Convert any input to full colour PNG output
 const data = await sharp(input)
   .png()
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+```javascript
+// Convert any input to indexed PNG output (slower)
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .png({ palette: true })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -209,14 +274,18 @@ Use these WebP options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.alphaQuality` **[Number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.nearLossless` **[Boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.smartSubsample` **[Boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.reductionEffort` **[Number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    *   `options.alphaQuality` **[number][9]** quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100 (optional, default `100`)
+    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.nearLossless` **[boolean][7]** use near_lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.smartSubsample` **[boolean][7]** use high quality chroma subsampling (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.reductionEffort` **[number][9]** level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6 (optional, default `4`)
+    *   `options.pageHeight` **[number][9]?** page height for animated output
+    *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.delay` **[Array][10]<[number][9]>?** list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -227,28 +296,104 @@ const data = await sharp(input)
   .toBuffer();
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+```javascript
+// Optimise the file size of an animated WebP
+const outputWebp = await sharp(inputWebp, { animated: true })
+  .webp({ reductionEffort: 6 })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
+## gif
+
+Use these GIF options for output image.
+
+Requires libvips compiled with support for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
+The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+[installing a custom libvips][11].
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.pageHeight` **[number][9]?** page height for animated output
+    *   `options.loop` **[number][9]** number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.delay` **[Array][10]<[number][9]>?** list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+## jp2
+
+Use these JP2 options for output image.
+
+Requires libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG.
+The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+[installing a custom libvips][11].
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression mode (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.tileWidth` **[number][9]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `512`)
+    *   `options.tileHeight` **[number][9]** vertical tile size (optional, default `512`)
+    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
+
+### Examples
+
+```javascript
+// Convert any input to lossless JP2 output
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .jp2({ lossless: true })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Convert any input to very high quality JP2 output
+const data = await sharp(input)
+  .jp2({
+    quality: 100,
+    chromaSubsampling: '4:4:4'
+  })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.29.1
+
 ## tiff
 
 Use these TIFF options for output image.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.force` **[Boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
-    -   `options.predictor` **[Boolean][7]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
-    -   `options.pyramid` **[Boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tile` **[Boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.tileWidth` **[Boolean][7]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.tileHeight` **[Boolean][7]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.xres` **[Number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.yres` **[Number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
-    -   `options.squash` **[Boolean][7]** squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit (optional, default `false`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
+    *   `options.force` **[boolean][7]** force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format (optional, default `true`)
+    *   `options.compression` **[string][2]** compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4 (optional, default `'jpeg'`)
+    *   `options.predictor` **[string][2]** compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float (optional, default `'horizontal'`)
+    *   `options.pyramid` **[boolean][7]** write an image pyramid (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.tile` **[boolean][7]** write a tiled tiff (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.tileWidth` **[number][9]** horizontal tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.tileHeight` **[number][9]** vertical tile size (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.xres` **[number][9]** horizontal resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    *   `options.yres` **[number][9]** vertical resolution in pixels/mm (optional, default `1.0`)
+    *   `options.bitdepth` **[number][9]** reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit (optional, default `8`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -257,57 +402,103 @@ Use these TIFF options for output image.
 sharp('input.svg')
   .tiff({
     compression: 'lzw',
-    squash: true
+    bitdepth: 1
   })
   .toFile('1-bpp-output.tiff')
   .then(info => { ... });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
-## heif
+## avif
 
-Use these HEIF options for output image.
+Use these AVIF options for output image.
 
-Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
-Do not use this in production systems.
+Whilst it is possible to create AVIF images smaller than 16x16 pixels,
+most web browsers do not display these properly.
 
-Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
-
-Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+AVIF image sequences are not supported.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
-    -   `options.quality` **[Number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `80`)
-    -   `options.compression` **[Boolean][7]** compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1 (optional, default `'hevc'`)
-    -   `options.lossless` **[Boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
 
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
+    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.speed` **[number][9]** CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest) (optional, default `5`)
+    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 **Meta**
 
--   **since**: 0.23.0
+*   **since**: 0.27.0
+
+## heif
+
+Use these HEIF options for output image.
+
+Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images requires the use of a
+globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.quality` **[number][9]** quality, integer 1-100 (optional, default `50`)
+    *   `options.compression` **[string][2]** compression format: av1, hevc (optional, default `'av1'`)
+    *   `options.lossless` **[boolean][7]** use lossless compression (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.speed` **[number][9]** CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest) (optional, default `5`)
+    *   `options.chromaSubsampling` **[string][2]** set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling (optional, default `'4:4:4'`)
+
+<!---->
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
+
+Returns **Sharp** 
+
+**Meta**
+
+*   **since**: 0.23.0
 
 ## raw
 
-Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
+Force output to be raw, uncompressed pixel data.
+Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
+Channel ordering will be RGB or RGBA for non-greyscale colourspaces.
+
+### Parameters
+
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** output options
+
+    *   `options.depth` **[string][2]** bit depth, one of: char, uchar (default), short, ushort, int, uint, float, complex, double, dpcomplex (optional, default `'uchar'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
 ```javascript
-// Extract raw RGB pixel data from JPEG input
+// Extract raw, unsigned 8-bit RGB pixel data from JPEG input
 const { data, info } = await sharp('input.jpg')
   .raw()
   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
 ```
 
-Returns **Sharp** 
+```javascript
+// Extract alpha channel as raw, unsigned 16-bit pixel data from PNG input
+const data = await sharp('input.png')
+  .ensureAlpha()
+  .extractChannel(3)
+  .toColourspace('b-w')
+  .raw({ depth: 'ushort' })
+  .toBuffer();
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid options
 
 ## tile
 
@@ -319,15 +510,19 @@ Warning: multiple sharp instances concurrently producing tile output can expose
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
-    -   `options.size` **[Number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
-    -   `options.overlap` **[Number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.angle` **[Number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
-    -   `options.background` **([String][2] \| [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][10] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
-    -   `options.depth` **[String][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
-    -   `options.skipBlanks` **[Number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
-    -   `options.container` **[String][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
-    -   `options.layout` **[String][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+*   `options` **[Object][6]?** 
+
+    *   `options.size` **[number][9]** tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192. (optional, default `256`)
+    *   `options.overlap` **[number][9]** tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192. (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.angle` **[number][9]** tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90. (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `options.background` **([string][2] | [Object][6])** background colour, parsed by the [color][12] module, defaults to white without transparency. (optional, default `{r:255,g:255,b:255,alpha:1}`)
+    *   `options.depth` **[string][2]?** how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+    *   `options.skipBlanks` **[number][9]** threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images (optional, default `-1`)
+    *   `options.container` **[string][2]** tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file). (optional, default `'fs'`)
+    *   `options.layout` **[string][2]** filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`. (optional, default `'dz'`)
+    *   `options.centre` **[boolean][7]** centre image in tile. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.center` **[boolean][7]** alternative spelling of centre. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.id` **[string][2]** when `layout` is `iiif`, sets the `@id` attribute of `info.json` (optional, default `'https://example.com/iiif'`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -343,7 +538,7 @@ sharp('input.tiff')
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][4]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -365,4 +560,8 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 
 [9]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
 
-[10]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color
+[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
+
+[11]: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips
+
+[12]: https://www.npmjs.org/package/color

docs/api-resize.md

@@ -6,47 +6,50 @@ Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
 
 When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
 
--   `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
--   `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
--   `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
--   `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
--   `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
-    Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
+*   `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+*   `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
+*   `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
+*   `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
+*   `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+
+Some of these values are based on the [object-fit][1] CSS property.
 
 When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
 
--   `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
--   `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
--   `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
-    Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
+*   `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
+*   `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
+*   `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
+
+Some of these values are based on the [object-position][2] CSS property.
 
 The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
 then repeatedly ranks edge regions, discarding the edge with the lowest score based on the selected strategy.
 
--   `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy][3].
--   `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
+*   `entropy`: focus on the region with the highest [Shannon entropy][3].
+*   `attention`: focus on the region with the highest luminance frequency, colour saturation and presence of skin tones.
 
 Possible interpolation kernels are:
 
--   `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation][4].
--   `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline][5].
--   `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline][6].
--   `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel][7] with `a=2`.
--   `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
+*   `nearest`: Use [nearest neighbour interpolation][4].
+*   `cubic`: Use a [Catmull-Rom spline][5].
+*   `mitchell`: Use a [Mitchell-Netravali spline][6].
+*   `lanczos2`: Use a [Lanczos kernel][7] with `a=2`.
+*   `lanczos3`: Use a Lanczos kernel with `a=3` (the default).
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `width` **[Number][8]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
--   `height` **[Number][8]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
--   `options` **[Object][9]?** 
-    -   `options.width` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
-    -   `options.height` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
-    -   `options.fit` **[String][10]** how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. (optional, default `'cover'`)
-    -   `options.position` **[String][10]** position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. (optional, default `'centre'`)
-    -   `options.background` **([String][10] \| [Object][9])** background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
-    -   `options.kernel` **[String][10]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
-    -   `options.withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][12]** do not enlarge if the width _or_ height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
-    -   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][12]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
+*   `width` **[number][8]?** pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+*   `height` **[number][8]?** pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+*   `options` **[Object][9]?** 
+
+    *   `options.width` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
+    *   `options.height` **[String][10]?** alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
+    *   `options.fit` **[String][10]** how the image should be resized to fit both provided dimensions, one of `cover`, `contain`, `fill`, `inside` or `outside`. (optional, default `'cover'`)
+    *   `options.position` **[String][10]** position, gravity or strategy to use when `fit` is `cover` or `contain`. (optional, default `'centre'`)
+    *   `options.background` **([String][10] | [Object][9])** background colour when using a `fit` of `contain`, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
+    *   `options.kernel` **[String][10]** the kernel to use for image reduction. (optional, default `'lanczos3'`)
+    *   `options.withoutEnlargement` **[Boolean][12]** do not enlarge if the width *or* height are already less than the specified dimensions, equivalent to GraphicsMagick's `>` geometry option. (optional, default `false`)
+    *   `options.fastShrinkOnLoad` **[Boolean][12]** take greater advantage of the JPEG and WebP shrink-on-load feature, which can lead to a slight moiré pattern on some images. (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ const scaleByHalf = await sharp(input)
   );
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -134,12 +137,13 @@ This operation will always occur after resizing and extraction, if any.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `extend` **([Number][8] \| [Object][9])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
-    -   `extend.top` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.left` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.bottom` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.right` **[Number][8]?** 
-    -   `extend.background` **([String][10] \| [Object][9])** background colour, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
+*   `extend` **([number][8] | [Object][9])** single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+
+    *   `extend.top` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `extend.left` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `extend.bottom` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `extend.right` **[number][8]**  (optional, default `0`)
+    *   `extend.background` **([String][10] | [Object][9])** background colour, parsed by the [color][11] module, defaults to black without transparency. (optional, default `{r:0,g:0,b:0,alpha:1}`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -158,25 +162,36 @@ sharp(input)
   ...
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+```javascript
+// Add a row of 10 red pixels to the bottom
+sharp(input)
+  .extend({
+    bottom: 10,
+    background: 'red'
+  })
+  ...
+```
+
+*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
 ## extract
 
-Extract a region of the image.
+Extract/crop a region of the image.
 
--   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
--   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
--   Use `extract` before and after for both.
+*   Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
+*   Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
+*   Use `extract` before and after for both.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **[Object][9]** describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
-    -   `options.left` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
-    -   `options.top` **[Number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
-    -   `options.width` **[Number][8]** width of region to extract
-    -   `options.height` **[Number][8]** height of region to extract
+*   `options` **[Object][9]** describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
+
+    *   `options.left` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from left edge
+    *   `options.top` **[number][8]** zero-indexed offset from top edge
+    *   `options.width` **[number][8]** width of region to extract
+    *   `options.height` **[number][8]** height of region to extract
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -198,7 +213,7 @@ sharp(input)
   });
 ```
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 
@@ -207,14 +222,16 @@ Returns **Sharp**
 Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
 Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
 
-The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
+The `info` response Object, obtained from callback of `.toFile()` or `.toBuffer()`,
+will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `threshold` **[Number][8]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
+*   `threshold` **[number][8]** the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero. (optional, default `10`)
 
+<!---->
 
--   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
+*   Throws **[Error][13]** Invalid parameters
 
 Returns **Sharp** 
 

docs/api-utility.md

@@ -12,6 +12,36 @@ console.log(sharp.format);
 
 Returns **[Object][1]** 
 
+## interpolators
+
+An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values
+
+Type: [string][2]
+
+### nearest
+
+[Nearest neighbour interpolation][3]. Suitable for image enlargement only.
+
+### bilinear
+
+[Bilinear interpolation][4]. Faster than bicubic but with less smooth results.
+
+### bicubic
+
+[Bicubic interpolation][5] (the default).
+
+### locallyBoundedBicubic
+
+[LBB interpolation][6]. Prevents some "[acutance][7]" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2.
+
+### nohalo
+
+[Nohalo interpolation][8]. Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3.
+
+### vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline
+
+[VSQBS interpolation][9]. Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging.
+
 ## versions
 
 An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
@@ -24,17 +54,18 @@ console.log(sharp.versions);
 
 ## cache
 
-Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of _libvips'_ operation cache.
+Gets or, when options are provided, sets the limits of *libvips'* operation cache.
 Existing entries in the cache will be trimmed after any change in limits.
 This method always returns cache statistics,
 useful for determining how much working memory is required for a particular task.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `options` **([Object][1] \| [Boolean][2])** Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
-    -   `options.memory` **[Number][3]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
-    -   `options.files` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
-    -   `options.items` **[Number][3]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
+*   `options` **([Object][1] | [boolean][10])** Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching (optional, default `true`)
+
+    *   `options.memory` **[number][11]** is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache (optional, default `50`)
+    *   `options.files` **[number][11]** is the maximum number of files to hold open (optional, default `20`)
+    *   `options.items` **[number][11]** is the maximum number of operations to cache (optional, default `100`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -53,9 +84,13 @@ Returns **[Object][1]**
 ## concurrency
 
 Gets or, when a concurrency is provided, sets
-the number of threads _libvips'_ should create to process each image.
-The default value is the number of CPU cores.
-A value of `0` will reset to this default.
+the number of threads *libvips'* should create to process each image.
+
+The default value is the number of CPU cores,
+except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc,
+where the default is `1` to help reduce memory fragmentation.
+
+A value of `0` will reset this to the number of CPU cores.
 
 The maximum number of images that can be processed in parallel
 is limited by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable.
@@ -64,7 +99,7 @@ This method always returns the current concurrency.
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `concurrency` **[Number][3]?** 
+*   `concurrency` **[number][11]?** 
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -74,14 +109,14 @@ sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
 sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
 ```
 
-Returns **[Number][3]** concurrency
+Returns **[number][11]** concurrency
 
 ## queue
 
 An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
 
--   queued, waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread
--   complete
+*   queued, waiting for *libuv* to provide a worker thread
+*   complete
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -95,8 +130,8 @@ sharp.queue.on('change', function(queueLength) {
 
 Provides access to internal task counters.
 
--   queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for _libuv_ to provide a worker thread from its pool.
--   process is the number of resize tasks currently being processed.
+*   queue is the number of tasks this module has queued waiting for *libuv* to provide a worker thread from its pool.
+*   process is the number of resize tasks currently being processed.
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -116,7 +151,7 @@ by taking advantage of the SIMD vector unit of the CPU, e.g. Intel SSE and ARM N
 
 ### Parameters
 
--   `simd` **[Boolean][2]**  (optional, default `true`)
+*   `simd` **[boolean][10]**  (optional, default `true`)
 
 ### Examples
 
@@ -130,10 +165,26 @@ const simd = sharp.simd(false);
 // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
 ```
 
-Returns **[Boolean][2]** 
+Returns **[boolean][10]** 
 
 [1]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object
 
-[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+[2]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
 
-[3]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number
+[3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation
+
+[4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation
+
+[5]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation
+
+[6]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100
+
+[7]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance
+
+[8]: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/
+
+[9]: https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48
+
+[10]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean
+
+[11]: https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number

docs/build.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs').promises;
+const path = require('path');
+const documentation = require('documentation');
+
+[
+  'constructor',
+  'input',
+  'resize',
+  'composite',
+  'operation',
+  'colour',
+  'channel',
+  'output',
+  'utility'
+].forEach(async (m) => {
+  const input = path.join('lib', `${m}.js`);
+  const output = path.join('docs', `api-${m}.md`);
+
+  const ast = await documentation.build(input, { shallow: true });
+  const markdown = await documentation.formats.md(ast, { markdownToc: false });
+
+  await fs.writeFile(output, markdown);
+});

docs/changelog.md

@@ -1,5 +1,359 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v0.29 - *circle*
+
+Requires libvips v8.11.3
+
+### v0.29.1 - 7th September 2021
+
+* Add `lightness` option to `modulate` operation.
+  [#2846](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2846)
+
+* Ensure correct PNG bitdepth is set based on number of colours.
+  [#2855](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2855)
+
+* Ensure background is always premultiplied when compositing.
+  [#2858](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2858)
+
+* Ensure images with P3 profiles retain full gamut.
+  [#2862](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2862)
+
+* Add support for libvips compiled with OpenJPEG.
+  [#2868](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2868)
+
+* Remove unsupported animation properties from AVIF output.
+  [#2870](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2870)
+
+* Resolve paths before comparing input/output filenames.
+  [#2878](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2878)
+  [@rexxars](https://github.com/rexxars)
+
+* Allow use of speed 9 (fastest) for HEIF encoding.
+  [#2879](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2879)
+  [@rexxars](https://github.com/rexxars)
+
+### v0.29.0 - 17th August 2021
+
+* Drop support for Node.js 10, now requires Node.js >= 12.13.0.
+
+* Add `background` property to PNG and GIF image metadata.
+
+* Add `compression` property to HEIF image metadata.
+  [#2504](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2504)
+
+* AVIF encoding now defaults to `4:4:4` chroma subsampling.
+  [#2562](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2562)
+
+* Allow multiple platform-arch binaries in same `node_modules` installation tree.
+  [#2575](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2575)
+
+* Default to single-channel `b-w` space when `extractChannel` is used.
+  [#2658](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2658)
+
+* Allow installation directory to contain spaces (regression in v0.26.0).
+  [#2777](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2777)
+
+* Add `pipelineColourspace` operator to set the processing space.
+  [#2704](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2704)
+  [@Daiz](https://github.com/Daiz)
+
+* Allow bit depth to be set when using raw input and output.
+  [#2762](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2762)
+  [@mart-jansink](https://github.com/mart-jansink)
+
+* Allow `negate` to act only on non-alpha channels.
+  [#2808](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2808)
+  [@rexxars](https://github.com/rexxars)
+
+## v0.28 - *bijou*
+
+Requires libvips v8.10.6
+
+### v0.28.3 - 24th May 2021
+
+* Ensure presence of libvips, vendored or global, before invoking node-gyp.
+
+* Skip shrink-on-load for multi-page WebP.
+  [#2714](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2714)
+
+* Add contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) operator.
+  [#2726](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2726)
+  [@baparham](https://github.com/baparham)
+
+### v0.28.2 - 10th May 2021
+
+* Allow `withMetadata` to set `density`.
+  [#967](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/967)
+
+* Skip shrink-on-load where one dimension <4px.
+  [#2653](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2653)
+
+* Allow escaped proxy credentials.
+  [#2664](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2664)
+  [@msalettes](https://github.com/msalettes)
+
+* Add `premultiplied` flag for raw pixel data input.
+  [#2685](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2685)
+  [@mnutt](https://github.com/mnutt)
+
+* Detect empty input and throw a helpful error.
+  [#2687](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2687)
+  [@JakobJingleheimer](https://github.com/JakobJingleheimer)
+
+* Add install-time flag to skip version compatibility checks.
+  [#2692](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2692)
+  [@xemle](https://github.com/xemle)
+
+### v0.28.1 - 5th April 2021
+
+* Ensure all installation errors are logged with a more obvious prefix.
+
+* Allow `withMetadata` to set and update EXIF metadata.
+  [#650](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/650)
+
+* Add support for OME-TIFF Sub Image File Directories (subIFD).
+  [#2557](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2557)
+
+* Allow `ensureAlpha` to set the alpha transparency level.
+  [#2634](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2634)
+
+### v0.28.0 - 29th March 2021
+
+* Prebuilt binaries now include mozjpeg and libimagequant (BSD 2-Clause).
+
+* Prebuilt binaries limit AVIF support to the most common 8-bit depth.
+
+* Add `mozjpeg` option to `jpeg` method, sets mozjpeg defaults.
+
+* Reduce the default PNG `compressionLevel` to the more commonly used 6.
+
+* Reduce concurrency on glibc-based Linux when using the default memory allocator to help prevent fragmentation.
+
+* Default missing edge properties of extend operation to zero.
+  [#2578](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2578)
+
+* Ensure composite does not clip top and left offsets.
+  [#2594](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2594)
+  [@SHG42](https://github.com/SHG42)
+
+* Improve error handling of network failure at install time.
+  [#2608](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2608)
+  [@abradley](https://github.com/abradley)
+
+* Ensure `@id` attribute can be set for IIIF tile-based output.
+  [#2612](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2612)
+  [@edsilv](https://github.com/edsilv)
+
+* Ensure composite replicates the correct number of tiles for centred gravities.
+  [#2626](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2626)
+
+## v0.27 - *avif*
+
+Requires libvips v8.10.5
+
+### v0.27.2 - 22nd February 2021
+
+* macOS: Prevent use of globally-installed ARM64 libvips with Rosetta x64 emulation.
+  [#2460](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2460)
+
+* Linux (musl): Prevent use of prebuilt linuxmusl-x64 binaries with musl >= 1.2.0.
+  [#2570](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2570)
+
+* Improve 16-bit grey+alpha support by using libvips' `has_alpha` detection.
+  [#2569](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2569)
+
+* Allow the use of non lower case extensions with `toFormat`.
+  [#2581](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2581)
+  [@florian-busch](https://github.com/florian-busch)
+
+* Allow use of `recomb` operation with single channel input.
+  [#2584](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2584)
+
+### v0.27.1 - 27th January 2021
+
+* Ensure TIFF is cast when using float predictor.
+  [#2502](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2502)
+  [@randyridge](https://github.com/randyridge)
+
+* Add support for Uint8Array and Uint8ClampedArray input.
+  [#2511](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2511)
+  [@leon](https://github.com/leon)
+
+* Revert: ensure all platforms use fontconfig for font rendering.
+  [#2515](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2515)
+
+* Expose libvips gaussnoise operation to allow creation of Gaussian noise.
+  [#2527](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2527)
+  [@alza54](https://github.com/alza54)
+
+### v0.27.0 - 22nd December 2020
+
+* Add support for AVIF to prebuilt binaries.
+
+* Remove experimental status from `heif` output, defaults are now AVIF-centric.
+
+* Allow negative top/left offsets for composite operation.
+  [#2391](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2391)
+  [@CurosMJ](https://github.com/CurosMJ)
+
+* Ensure all platforms use fontconfig for font rendering.
+  [#2399](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2399)
+
+## v0.26 - *zoom*
+
+Requires libvips v8.10.0
+
+### v0.26.3 - 16th November 2020
+
+* Expose libvips' affine operation.
+  [#2336](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2336)
+  [@guillevc](https://github.com/guillevc)
+
+* Fallback to tar.gz for prebuilt libvips when Brotli not available.
+  [#2412](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2412)
+  [@ascorbic](https://github.com/ascorbic)
+
+### v0.26.2 - 14th October 2020
+
+* Add support for EXR input. Requires libvips compiled with OpenEXR.
+  [#698](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/698)
+
+* Ensure support for yarn v2.
+  [#2379](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2379)
+  [@jalovatt](https://github.com/jalovatt)
+
+* Add centre/center option to tile-based output.
+  [#2397](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2397)
+  [@beig](https://github.com/beig)
+
+### v0.26.1 - 20th September 2020
+
+* Ensure correct pageHeight when verifying multi-page image dimensions.
+  [#2343](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2343)
+  [@derom](https://github.com/derom)
+
+* Allow input density range up to 100000 DPI.
+  [#2348](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2348)
+  [@stefanprobst](https://github.com/stefanprobst)
+
+* Ensure animation-related properties can be set for Stream-based input.
+  [#2369](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2369)
+  [@AcrylicShrimp](https://github.com/AcrylicShrimp)
+
+* Ensure `stats` can be calculated for 1x1 input.
+  [#2372](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2372)
+
+* Ensure animated GIF output is optimised.
+  [#2376](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2376)
+
+### v0.26.0 - 25th August 2020
+
+* Prebuilt libvips binaries are now statically-linked and Brotli-compressed, requiring Node.js 10.16.0+.
+
+* TIFF output `squash` is replaced by `bitdepth` to reduce to 1, 2 or 4 bit.
+
+* JPEG output `quality` >= 90 no longer automatically sets `chromaSubsampling` to `4:4:4`.
+
+* Add most `dominant` colour to image `stats`.
+  [#640](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/640)
+
+* Add support for animated GIF (requires \*magick) and WebP output.
+  [#2012](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2012)
+  [@deftomat](https://github.com/deftomat)
+
+* Add support for libvips ImageMagick v7 loaders.
+  [#2258](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2258)
+  [@vouillon](https://github.com/vouillon)
+
+* Allow multi-page input via \*magick.
+  [#2259](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2259)
+  [@vouillon](https://github.com/vouillon)
+
+* Add support to `withMetadata` for custom ICC profile.
+  [#2271](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2271)
+  [@roborourke](https://github.com/roborourke)
+
+* Ensure prebuilt binaries for ARM default to v7 when using Electron.
+  [#2292](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2292)
+  [@diegodev3](https://github.com/diegodev3)
+
+## v0.25 - *yield*
+
+Requires libvips v8.9.1
+
+### v0.25.4 - 12th June 2020
+
+* Allow libvips binary location override where version is appended.
+  [#2217](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2217)
+  [@malice00](https://github.com/malice00)
+
+* Enable PNG palette when setting quality, colours, colors or dither.
+  [#2226](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2226)
+  [@romaleev](https://github.com/romaleev)
+
+* Add `level` constructor option to use a specific level of a multi-level image.
+  Expose `levels` metadata for multi-level images.
+  [#2222](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2222)
+
+* Add support for named `alpha` channel to `extractChannel` operation.
+  [#2138](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2138)
+
+* Add experimental `sharpness` calculation to `stats()` response.
+  [#2251](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2251)
+
+* Emit `warning` event for non-critical processing problems.
+  [#2032](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2032)
+
+### v0.25.3 - 17th May 2020
+
+* Ensure libvips is initialised only once, improves worker thread safety.
+  [#2143](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2143)
+
+* Ensure npm platform flag is respected when copying DLLs.
+  [#2188](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2188)
+  [@dimadeveatii](https://github.com/dimadeveatii)
+
+* Allow SVG input with large inline images to be parsed.
+  [#2195](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2195)
+
+### v0.25.2 - 20th March 2020
+
+* Provide prebuilt binaries for Linux ARM64v8.
+
+* Add IIIF layout support to tile-based output.
+  [#2098](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/pull/2098)
+  [@edsilv](https://github.com/edsilv)
+
+* Ensure input options are consistently and correctly detected.
+  [#2118](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2118)
+
+* Ensure N-API prebuilt binaries work on RHEL7 and its derivatives.
+  [#2119](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2119)
+
+* Ensure AsyncWorker options are persisted.
+  [#2130](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2130)
+
+### v0.25.1 - 7th March 2020
+
+* Ensure prebuilt binaries are fetched based on N-API version.
+  [#2117](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2117)
+
+### v0.25.0 - 7th March 2020
+
+* Remove `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` previously deprecated in v0.24.0.
+
+* Migrate internals to N-API.
+  [#1282](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/1282)
+
+* Add support for 32-bit Windows.
+  [#2088](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2088)
+
+* Ensure correct ordering of rotate-then-trim operations.
+  [#2087](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2087)
+
+* Ensure composite accepts `limitInputPixels` and `sequentialRead` input options.
+  [#2099](https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues/2099)
+
 ## v0.24 - "*wit*"
 
 Requires libvips v8.9.0.

docs/firebase.json

@@ -4,18 +4,18 @@
     "public": ".",
     "ignore": [
       ".*",
-      "*.json",
-      "*.md",
-      "image/**"
+      "build.js",
+      "firebase.json",
+      "image/**",
+      "search-index/**"
     ],
     "headers": [
       {
         "source": "**",
         "headers": [
-          {
-            "key": "Cache-Control",
-            "value": "max-age=86400"
-          }
+          { "key": "Cache-Control", "value": "max-age=86400" },
+          { "key": "X-Content-Type-Options", "value": "nosniff" },
+          { "key": "X-Frame-Options", "value": "SAMEORIGIN" }
         ]
       }
     ],

docs/humans.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/* THANKS */
+
+Name: John Cupitt
+GitHub: https://github.com/jcupitt
+
+Name: Pierre Inglebert
+GitHub: https://github.com/pierreinglebert
+
+Name: Jonathan Ong
+GitHub: https://github.com/jonathanong
+
+Name: Chanon Sajjamanochai
+GitHub: https://github.com/chanon
+
+Name: Juliano Julio
+GitHub: https://github.com/julianojulio
+
+Name: Daniel Gasienica
+GitHub: https://github.com/gasi
+
+Name: Julian Walker
+GitHub: https://github.com/julianwa
+
+Name: Amit Pitaru
+GitHub: https://github.com/apitaru
+
+Name: Brandon Aaron
+GitHub: https://github.com/brandonaaron
+
+Name: Andreas Lind
+GitHub: https://github.com/papandreouGitHub:
+
+Name: Maurus Cuelenaere
+GitHub: https://github.com/mcuelenaere
+
+Name: Linus Unnebäck
+GitHub: https://github.com/LinusU
+
+Name: Victor Mateevitsi
+GitHub: https://github.com/mvictoras
+
+Name: Alaric Holloway
+GitHub: https://github.com/skedastik
+
+Name: Bernhard K. Weisshuhn
+GitHub: https://github.com/bkw
+
+Name: David A. Carley
+GitHub: https://github.com/dacarley
+
+Name: John Tobin
+GitHub: https://github.com/jtobinisaniceguy
+
+Name: Kenton Gray
+GitHub: https://github.com/kentongray
+
+Name: Felix Bünemann
+GitHub: https://github.com/felixbuenemann
+
+Name: Samy Al Zahrani
+GitHub: https://github.com/salzhrani
+
+Name: Chintan Thakkar
+GitHub: https://github.com/lemnisk8
+
+Name: F. Orlando Galashan
+GitHub: https://github.com/frulo
+
+Name: Kleis Auke Wolthuizen
+GitHub: https://github.com/kleisauke
+
+Name: Matt Hirsch
+GitHub: https://github.com/mhirsch
+
+Name: Rahul Nanwani
+GitHub: https://github.com/rnanwani
+
+Name: Matthias Thoemmes
+GitHub: https://github.com/cmtt
+
+Name: Patrick Paskaris
+GitHub: https://github.com/ppaskaris
+
+Name: Jérémy Lal
+GitHub: https://github.com/kapouer
+
+Name: Alice Monday
+GitHub: https://github.com/alice0meta
+
+Name: Kristo Jorgenson
+GitHub: https://github.com/kristojorg
+
+Name: Yves Bos
+GitHub: https://github.com/YvesBos
+
+Name: Nicolas Coden
+GitHub: https://github.com/ncoden
+
+Name: Matt Parrish
+GitHub: https://github.com/pbomb
+
+Name: Matthew McEachen
+GitHub: https://github.com/mceachen
+
+Name: Jarda Kotěšovec
+GitHub: https://github.com/jardakotesovec
+
+Name: Kenric D'Souza
+GitHub: https://github.com/AzureByte
+
+Name: Oleh Aleinyk
+GitHub: https://github.com/oaleynik
+
+Name: Marcel Bretschneider
+GitHub: https://github.com/3epnm
+
+Name: Andrea Bianco
+GitHub: https://github.com/BiancoA
+
+Name: Rik Heywood
+GitHub: https://github.com/rikh42
+
+Name: Thomas Parisot
+GitHub: https://github.com/oncletom
+
+Name: Nathan Graves
+GitHub: https://github.com/woolite64
+
+Name: Tom Lokhorst
+GitHub: https://github.com/tomlokhorst
+
+Name: Espen Hovlandsdal
+GitHub: https://github.com/rexxars
+
+Name: Sylvain Dumont
+GitHub: https://github.com/sylvaindumont
+
+Name: Alun Davies
+GitHub: https://github.com/alundavies
+
+Name: Aidan Hoolachan
+GitHub: https://github.com/ajhool
+
+Name: Axel Eirola
+GitHub: https://github.com/aeirola
+
+Name: Freezy
+GitHub: https://github.com/freezy
+
+Name: Julian Aubourg
+GitHub: https://github.com/jaubourg
+
+Name: Keith Belovay
+GitHub: https://github.com/fromkeith
+
+Name: Michael B. Klein
+GitHub: https://github.com/mbklein
+
+Name: Jakub Michálek
+GitHub: https://github.com/Goues
+
+Name: Ilya Ovdin
+GitHub: https://github.com/iovdin
+
+Name: Andargor
+GitHub: https://github.com/Andargor
+
+Name: Nicolas Stepien
+GitHub: https://github.com/MayhemYDG
+
+Name: Paul Neave
+GitHub: https://github.com/neave
+
+Name: Brendan Kennedy
+GitHub: https://github.com/rustyguts
+
+Name: Brychan Bennett-Odlum
+GitHub: https://github.com/BrychanOdlum
+
+Name: Edward Silverton
+GitHub: https://github.com/edsilv
+
+Name: Dumitru Deveatii
+GitHub: https://github.com/dimadeveatii
+
+Name: Roland Asmann
+GitHub: https://github.com/malice00
+
+Name: Roman Malieiev
+GitHub: https://github.com/romaleev
+
+Name: Jerome Vouillon
+GitHub: https://github.com/vouillon
+
+Name: Tomáš Szabo
+GitHub: https://github.com/deftomat
+
+Name: Robert O'Rourke
+GitHub: https://github.com/roborourke
+
+Name: Denis Soldatov
+GitHub: https://github.com/derom
+
+Name: Stefan Probst
+GitHub: https://github.com/stefanprobst
+
+Name: Thomas Beiganz
+GitHub: https://github.com/beig
+
+Name: Florian Busch
+GitHub: https://github.com/florian-busch
+
+Name: Matthieu Salettes
+GitHub: https://github.com/msalettes
+
+Name: Taneli Vatanen
+GitHub: https://github.com/Daiz
+
+Name: Mart Jansink
+GitHub: https://github.com/mart-jansink
+
+Name: Tenpi
+GitHub: https://github.com/Tenpi
+
+Name: Zaruike
+https://github.com/Zaruike

docs/image/sharp-logo-mono.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="86 86 550 550">
+<!-- Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication -->
+  <defs>
+    <mask id="c">
+      <path fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="80" d="M258.411 285.777l200.176-26.8M244.113 466.413L451.44 438.66m.001 0V238.484m0-150.121v171.572l178.725-23.917m-359.843 19.584V477.22m2.387 156.95V462.591L93.984 486.515"/>
+      <path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="112" d="M451.441 610.246V438.66l178.725-23.91M269.688 112.59v171.58L90.964 308.093"/>
+    </mask>
+  </defs>
+  <path mask="url(#c)" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="80" d="M258.411 285.777l200.176-26.8M244.113 466.413L451.44 438.66m.001 0V238.484m0-150.121v171.572l178.725-23.917m-359.843 19.584V477.22m2.387 156.95V462.591L93.984 486.515"/>
+  <path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="80" d="M451.441 610.246V438.66l178.725-23.91M269.688 112.59v171.58L90.964 308.093"/>
+</svg>

docs/image/sharp-logo.svg

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="86 86 550 550">
-<!-- Copyright 2019 Lovell Fuller. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License. -->
+<!-- Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication -->
 <path fill="none" stroke="#9c0" stroke-width="80" d="M258.411 285.777l200.176-26.8M244.113 466.413L451.44 438.66M451.441 438.66V238.484M451.441 88.363v171.572l178.725-23.917M270.323 255.602V477.22M272.71 634.17V462.591L93.984 486.515"/>
 <path fill="none" stroke="#090" stroke-width="80" d="M451.441 610.246V438.66l178.725-23.91M269.688 112.59v171.58L90.964 308.093"/>
 </svg>

docs/install.md

@@ -10,54 +10,87 @@ yarn add sharp
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-* Node.js v10.13.0+
+* Node.js >= 12.13.0
 
 ## Prebuilt binaries
 
-Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use with
-Node.js versions 10, 12 and 13 on the most common platforms:
+Ready-compiled sharp and libvips binaries are provided for use on the most common platforms:
 
 * macOS x64 (>= 10.13)
+* macOS ARM64
 * Linux x64 (glibc >= 2.17, musl >= 1.1.24)
-* Windows x64 with 64-bit `node.exe`
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.29, musl >= 1.1.24)
+* Windows x64
+* Windows x86
 
-A ~10MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
+An ~7MB tarball containing libvips and its most commonly used dependencies
 is downloaded via HTTPS and stored within `node_modules/sharp/vendor` during `npm install`.
 
 This provides support for the
-JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, GIF (input) and SVG (input) image formats.
+JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, GIF (input) and SVG (input) image formats.
 
 The following platforms have prebuilt libvips but not sharp:
 
 * Linux ARMv6
-* Linux ARMv7
-* Linux ARM64 (glibc >= 2.29)
+* Linux ARMv7 (glibc >= 2.28)
+* Windows ARM64
 
 The following platforms require compilation of both libvips and sharp from source:
 
 * Linux x86
 * Linux x64 (glibc <= 2.16, includes RHEL/CentOS 6)
-* Linux ARM64 (glibc <= 2.28, musl)
+* Linux ARM64 (glibc <= 2.28)
 * Linux PowerPC
 * FreeBSD
 * OpenBSD
 
-The following platforms are completely unsupported:
-
-* Windows x86
-* Windows x64 with 32-bit `node.exe`
-
 ## Common problems
 
-The platform and major version of Node.js used for `npm install`
-must be the same as the platform and major version of Node.js used at runtime.
+The architecture and platform of Node.js used for `npm install`
+must be the same as the architecture and platform of Node.js used at runtime.
+See the [cross-platform](#cross-platform) section if this is not the case.
 
-The `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag must be used when installing as `root` or a `sudo` user.
+When using npm v6 or earlier, the `npm install --unsafe-perm` flag must be used when installing as `root` or a `sudo` user.
+
+When using npm v7, the user running `npm install` must own the directory it is run in.
 
 The `npm install --ignore-scripts=false` flag must be used when `npm` has been configured to ignore installation scripts.
 
 Check the output of running `npm install --verbose sharp` for useful error messages.
 
+## Apple M1
+
+Prebuilt sharp and libvips binaries are provided for macOS on ARM64 from sharp v0.29.0.
+
+Prebuilt libvips binaries were provided for macOS on ARM64 from sharp v0.28.0.
+
+## Cross-platform
+
+At `npm install` time, prebuilt binaries are automatically selected for the
+current OS platform and CPU architecture, where available.
+
+The target platform and/or architecture can be manually selected using the following flags.
+
+```sh
+npm install --platform=... --arch=... --arm-version=... sharp
+```
+
+* `--platform`: one of `linux`, `linuxmusl`, `darwin` or `win32`.
+* `--arch`: one of `x64`, `ia32`, `arm` or `arm64`.
+* `--arm-version`: one of `6`, `7` or `8` (`arm` defaults to `6`, `arm64` defaults to `8`).
+* `--sharp-install-force`: skip version compatibility checks.
+
+These values can also be set via environment variables,
+`npm_config_platform`, `npm_config_arch`, `npm_config_arm_version`
+and `SHARP_INSTALL_FORCE` respectively.
+
+For example, if the target machine has a 64-bit ARM CPU and is running Alpine Linux,
+use the following flags:
+
+```sh
+npm install --arch=arm64 --platform=linuxmusl sharp
+```
+
 ## Custom libvips
 
 To use a custom, globally-installed version of libvips instead of the provided binaries,
@@ -74,36 +107,56 @@ The use of a globally-installed libvips is unsupported on Windows.
 This module will be compiled from source at `npm install` time when:
 
 * a globally-installed libvips is detected (set the `SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS` environment variable to skip this),
-* prebuilt binaries do not exist for the current platform and Node.js version, or
+* prebuilt sharp binaries do not exist for the current platform, or
 * when the `npm install --build-from-source` flag is used.
 
 Building from source requires:
 
-* C++11 compatible compiler such as gcc 4.8+, clang 3.0+ or MSVC 2013+
-* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies (includes Python 2.7)
+* C++11 compiler
+* [node-gyp](https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#installation) and its dependencies
 
 ## Custom prebuilt binaries
 
 This is an advanced approach that most people will not require.
 
-To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a custom URL,
-set the `sharp_dist_base_url` npm config option
-or the `SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL` environment variable.
+To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL,
+set the `sharp_binary_host` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_binary_host` environment variable.
 
-For example, both of the following will result in an attempt to download the file located at
-`https://hostname/path/libvips-x.y.z-platform.tar.gz`.
+To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a directory on the local filesystem,
+set the `sharp_local_prebuilds` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_local_prebuilds` environment variable.
+
+To install the prebuilt libvips binaries from a custom URL,
+set the `sharp_libvips_binary_host` npm config option
+or the `npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host` environment variable.
+
+The version subpath and file name are appended to these.
+For example, if `sharp_libvips_binary_host` is set to `https://hostname/path`
+and the libvips version is `1.2.3` then the resultant URL will be
+`https://hostname/path/v1.2.3/libvips-1.2.3-platform-arch.tar.br`.
+
+See the Chinese mirror below for a further example.
+
+## Chinese mirror
+
+A mirror site based in China, provided by Alibaba, contains binaries for both sharp and libvips.
+
+To use this either set the following configuration:
 
 ```sh
-npm config set sharp_dist_base_url "https://hostname/path/"
+npm config set sharp_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp"
+npm config set sharp_libvips_binary_host "https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips"
 npm install sharp
 ```
 
-```sh
-SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL="https://hostname/path/" npm install sharp
-```
+or set the following environment variables:
 
-To install the prebuilt sharp binaries from a custom URL, please see
-[https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries](https://github.com/prebuild/prebuild-install#custom-binaries)
+```sh
+npm_config_sharp_binary_host="https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp" \
+  npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host="https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/sharp-libvips" \
+  npm install sharp
+```
 
 ## FreeBSD
 
@@ -117,6 +170,23 @@ pkg install -y pkgconf vips
 cd /usr/ports/graphics/vips/ && make install clean
 ```
 
+## Linux memory allocator
+
+The default memory allocator on most glibc-based Linux systems
+(e.g. Debian, Red Hat) is unsuitable for long-running, multi-threaded
+processes that involve lots of small memory allocations.
+
+For this reason, by default, sharp will limit the use of thread-based
+[concurrency](api-utility#concurrency) when the glibc allocator is
+detected at runtime.
+
+To help avoid fragmentation and improve performance on these systems,
+the use of an alternative memory allocator such as
+[jemalloc](https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc) is recommended.
+
+Those using musl-based Linux (e.g. Alpine) and non-Linux systems are
+unaffected.
+
 ## Heroku
 
 Add the
@@ -129,39 +199,49 @@ to `false` when using the `yarn` package manager.
 
 ## AWS Lambda
 
-Set the Lambda runtime to `nodejs10.x`.
+The `node_modules` directory of the
+[deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-package.html)
+must include binaries for the Linux x64 platform.
 
-The binaries in the `node_modules` directory of the
-[deployment package](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-create-deployment-pkg.html)
-must be for the Linux x64 platform.
-
-On machines other than Linux x64, such as macOS and Windows, run the following:
+When building your deployment package on machines other than Linux x64 (glibc),
+run the following additional command after `npm install`:
 
 ```sh
-rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux --target=10.15.0 sharp
-```
-
-Alternatively a Docker container closely matching the Lambda runtime can be used:
-
-```sh
-rm -rf node_modules/sharp
-docker run -v "$PWD":/var/task lambci/lambda:build-nodejs10.x npm install sharp
+npm install
+SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS=1 npm install --arch=x64 --platform=linux sharp
 ```
 
 To get the best performance select the largest memory available.
 A 1536 MB function provides ~12x more CPU time than a 128 MB function.
 
-## Electron
+## Webpack
 
-Electron provides versions of the V8 JavaScript engine
-that are incompatible with Node.js.
-To ensure the correct binaries are used, run the following:
+Ensure sharp is added to the
+[externals](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/externals/)
+configuration.
 
-```sh
-npm install
-npx electron-rebuild
+```js
+externals: {
+  'sharp': 'commonjs sharp'
+}
 ```
 
-Further help can be found at
-[https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules](https://electronjs.org/docs/tutorial/using-native-node-modules)
+## Worker threads
+
+The main thread must call `require('sharp')`
+before worker threads are created
+to ensure shared libraries remain loaded in memory
+until after all threads are complete.
+
+## Known conflicts
+
+### Canvas and Windows
+
+The prebuilt binaries provided by `canvas` for Windows depend on the unmaintained GTK 2, last updated in 2011.
+
+These conflict with the modern, up-to-date binaries provided by sharp.
+
+If both modules are used in the same Windows process, the following error will occur:
+```
+The specified procedure could not be found.
+```

docs/performance.md

@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@ A test to benchmark the performance of this module relative to alternatives.
 
 ## The contenders
 
-* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.9.3 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
-* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.3.1 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
+* [jimp](https://www.npmjs.com/package/jimp) v0.16.1 - Image processing in pure JavaScript. Provides bicubic interpolation.
+* [mapnik](https://www.npmjs.org/package/mapnik) v4.5.8 - Whilst primarily a map renderer, Mapnik contains bitmap image utilities.
 * [imagemagick](https://www.npmjs.com/package/imagemagick) v0.1.3 - Supports filesystem only and "*has been unmaintained for a long time*".
 * [gm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gm) v1.23.1 - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick's `gm` command line utility.
-* sharp v0.24.0 / libvips v8.9.0 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
+* [@squoosh/lib](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/lib) v0.4.0 - Image libraries transpiled to WebAssembly, includes GPLv3 code.
+* [@squoosh/cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@squoosh/cli) v0.7.2 - Command line wrapper around `@squoosh/lib`, avoids GPLv3 by spawning process.
+* sharp v0.28.0 / libvips v8.10.6 - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.
 
 ## The task
 
@@ -18,22 +20,24 @@ then compress to JPEG at a "quality" setting of 80.
 
 ## Test environment
 
-* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5.large](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (2x Xeon Platinum 8124M CPU @ 3.00GHz)
-* Ubuntu 18.04 (hvm-ssd/ubuntu-bionic-18.04-amd64-server-20180912 ami-00035f41c82244dab)
-* Node.js v12.14.1
+* AWS EC2 eu-west-1 [c5ad.xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/c5/) (4x AMD EPYC 7R32)
+* Ubuntu 21.04 (ami-0d7626a9c2ceab1ac)
+* Node.js 16.6.2
 
 ## Results
 
 | Module             | Input  | Output | Ops/sec | Speed-up |
 | :----------------- | :----- | :----- | ------: | -------: |
-| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.72 |      1.0 |
-| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.02 |      4.2 |
-| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    3.90 |      5.4 |
-| gm                 | file   | file   |    3.94 |      5.5 |
-| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    4.30 |      6.0 |
-| sharp              | stream | stream |   23.65 |     32.8 |
-| sharp              | file   | file   |   24.66 |     34.3 |
-| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   25.14 |     34.9 |
+| jimp               | buffer | buffer |    0.83 |      1.0 |
+| squoosh-cli        | file   | file   |    1.09 |      1.3 |
+| squoosh-lib        | buffer | buffer |    1.83 |      2.2 |
+| mapnik             | buffer | buffer |    3.41 |      4.1 |
+| gm                 | buffer | buffer |    8.34 |     10.0 |
+| imagemagick        | file   | file   |    8.67 |     10.4 |
+| gm                 | file   | file   |    8.82 |     10.6 |
+| sharp              | stream | stream |   29.44 |     35.5 |
+| sharp              | file   | file   |   29.64 |     35.7 |
+| sharp              | buffer | buffer |   31.09 |     37.5 |
 
 Greater libvips performance can be expected with caching enabled (default)
 and using 8+ core machines, especially those with larger L1/L2 CPU caches.
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ brew install mapnik
 ```
 
 ```sh
-sudo apt-get install imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
+sudo apt-get install build-essential imagemagick libmagick++-dev graphicsmagick libmapnik-dev
 ```
 
 ```sh
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ sudo yum install ImageMagick-devel ImageMagick-c++-devel GraphicsMagick mapnik-d
 ```sh
 git clone https://github.com/lovell/sharp.git
 cd sharp
-npm install
+npm install --build-from-source
 cd test/bench
 npm install
 npm test

docs/robots.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+User-agent: *
+Disallow:

docs/search-index/build.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const { extractDescription, extractKeywords, extractParameters } = require('./extract');
+
+const searchIndex = [];
+
+// Install
+const contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'install.md'), 'utf8');
+const matches = contents.matchAll(
+  /## (?<title>[A-Za-z0-9 ]+)\n\n(?<body>[^#]+)/gs
+);
+for (const match of matches) {
+  const { title, body } = match.groups;
+  const description = extractDescription(body);
+
+  searchIndex.push({
+    t: title,
+    d: description,
+    k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description}`),
+    l: `/install#${title.toLowerCase().replace(/ /g, '-')}`
+  });
+}
+
+// API
+[
+  'constructor',
+  'input',
+  'output',
+  'resize',
+  'composite',
+  'operation',
+  'channel',
+  'colour',
+  'utility'
+].forEach((section) => {
+  const contents = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', `api-${section}.md`), 'utf8');
+  const matches = contents.matchAll(
+    /\n## (?<title>[A-Za-z]+)\n\n(?<firstparagraph>.+?)\n\n(?<parameters>### Parameters.+?Returns)?/gs
+  );
+  for (const match of matches) {
+    const { title, firstparagraph, parameters } = match.groups;
+    const description = firstparagraph.startsWith('###')
+      ? 'Constructor'
+      : extractDescription(firstparagraph);
+    const parameterNames = parameters ? extractParameters(parameters) : '';
+
+    searchIndex.push({
+      t: title,
+      d: description,
+      k: extractKeywords(`${title} ${description} ${parameterNames}`),
+      l: `/api-${section}#${title.toLowerCase()}`
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  path.join(__dirname, '..', 'search-index.json'),
+  JSON.stringify(searchIndex)
+);

docs/search-index/extract.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const stopWords = require('./stop-words');
+
+const extractDescription = (str) =>
+  str
+    .replace(/### Examples.*/sg, '')
+    .replace(/\(http[^)]+/g, '')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9_/\-,. ]/g, '')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .substr(0, 180)
+    .trim();
+
+const extractParameters = (str) =>
+  [...str.matchAll(/options\.(?<name>[^.`]+)/gs)]
+    .map((match) => match.groups.name)
+    .join(' ');
+
+const extractKeywords = (str) =>
+  [
+    ...new Set(
+      str
+        .split(/[ -/]/)
+        .map((word) => word.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, ''))
+        .filter((word) => word.length > 2 && word.length < 15 && !stopWords.includes(word))
+    )
+  ].join(' ');
+
+module.exports = { extractDescription, extractKeywords, extractParameters };

docs/search-index/stop-words.js

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+'use strict';
+
+module.exports = [
+  'about',
+  'after',
+  'all',
+  'allows',
+  'already',
+  'also',
+  'alternative',
+  'always',
+  'and',
+  'any',
+  'are',
+  'based',
+  'been',
+  'before',
+  'both',
+  'call',
+  'callback',
+  'can',
+  'containing',
+  'default',
+  'does',
+  'each',
+  'either',
+  'ensure',
+  'etc',
+  'every',
+  'except',
+  'for',
+  'from',
+  'get',
+  'gets',
+  'given',
+  'has',
+  'have',
+  'how',
+  'image',
+  'involve',
+  'its',
+  'least',
+  'lots',
+  'may',
+  'more',
+  'most',
+  'much',
+  'must',
+  'non',
+  'not',
+  'occur',
+  'occurs',
+  'options',
+  'other',
+  'out',
+  'over',
+  'perform',
+  'performs',
+  'provide',
+  'provided',
+  'ready',
+  'requires',
+  'returned',
+  'same',
+  'see',
+  'set',
+  'sets',
+  'should',
+  'since',
+  'spelling',
+  'such',
+  'support',
+  'supported',
+  'sure',
+  'take',
+  'than',
+  'that',
+  'the',
+  'their',
+  'then',
+  'there',
+  'therefore',
+  'these',
+  'this',
+  'under',
+  'unless',
+  'until',
+  'use',
+  'used',
+  'using',
+  'value',
+  'values',
+  'when',
+  'which',
+  'while',
+  'will',
+  'with',
+  'without',
+  'you'
+];

install/can-compile.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
+
+try {
+  if (!(libvips.useGlobalLibvips() || libvips.hasVendoredLibvips())) {
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+  }
+} catch (err) {
+  process.exitCode = 1;
+}

install/dll-copy.js

@@ -4,18 +4,20 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
-const npmLog = require('npmlog');
+const platform = require('../lib/platform');
 
-if (process.platform === 'win32') {
-  const buildDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'build');
-  const buildReleaseDir = path.join(buildDir, 'Release');
-  npmLog.info('sharp', `Creating ${buildReleaseDir}`);
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = libvips.minimumLibvipsVersion;
+
+const platformAndArch = platform();
+
+if (platformAndArch.startsWith('win32')) {
+  const buildReleaseDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'build', 'Release');
+  libvips.log(`Creating ${buildReleaseDir}`);
   try {
-    libvips.mkdirSync(buildDir);
     libvips.mkdirSync(buildReleaseDir);
   } catch (err) {}
-  const vendorLibDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', 'lib');
-  npmLog.info('sharp', `Copying DLLs from ${vendorLibDir} to ${buildReleaseDir}`);
+  const vendorLibDir = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch, 'lib');
+  libvips.log(`Copying DLLs from ${vendorLibDir} to ${buildReleaseDir}`);
   try {
     fs
       .readdirSync(vendorLibDir)
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ if (process.platform === 'win32') {
         );
       });
   } catch (err) {
-    npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
+    libvips.log(err);
+    process.exit(1);
   }
 }

install/libvips.js

@@ -3,86 +3,131 @@
 const fs = require('fs');
 const os = require('os');
 const path = require('path');
+const stream = require('stream');
+const zlib = require('zlib');
 
 const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
-const npmLog = require('npmlog');
-const semver = require('semver');
+const semverLessThan = require('semver/functions/lt');
+const semverSatisfies = require('semver/functions/satisfies');
 const simpleGet = require('simple-get');
-const tar = require('tar');
+const tarFs = require('tar-fs');
 
 const agent = require('../lib/agent');
 const libvips = require('../lib/libvips');
 const platform = require('../lib/platform');
 
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = libvips.minimumLibvipsVersion;
-const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download/v${minimumLibvipsVersion}/`;
+const minimumGlibcVersionByArch = {
+  arm: '2.28',
+  arm64: '2.29',
+  x64: '2.17'
+};
+
+const hasSharpPrebuild = [
+  'darwin-x64',
+  'darwin-arm64',
+  'linux-arm64',
+  'linux-x64',
+  'linuxmusl-x64',
+  'linuxmusl-arm64',
+  'win32-ia32',
+  'win32-x64'
+];
+
+const { minimumLibvipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled } = libvips;
+const distHost = process.env.npm_config_sharp_libvips_binary_host || 'https://github.com/lovell/sharp-libvips/releases/download';
+const distBaseUrl = process.env.npm_config_sharp_dist_base_url || process.env.SHARP_DIST_BASE_URL || `${distHost}/v${minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled}/`;
+const installationForced = !!(process.env.npm_config_sharp_install_force || process.env.SHARP_INSTALL_FORCE);
 
 const fail = function (err) {
-  npmLog.error('sharp', err.message);
+  libvips.log(err);
   if (err.code === 'EACCES') {
-    npmLog.info('sharp', 'Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
+    libvips.log('Are you trying to install as a root or sudo user? Try again with the --unsafe-perm flag');
   }
-  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Attempting to build from source via node-gyp but this may fail due to the above error');
-  npmLog.info('sharp', 'Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies');
+  libvips.log('Please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install for required dependencies');
   process.exit(1);
 };
 
-const extractTarball = function (tarPath) {
-  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor');
-  libvips.mkdirSync(vendorPath);
-  tar
-    .extract({
-      file: tarPath,
-      cwd: vendorPath,
-      strict: true
-    })
-    .catch(function (err) {
-      if (/unexpected end of file/.test(err.message)) {
-        npmLog.error('sharp', `Please delete ${tarPath} as it is not a valid tarball`);
+const handleError = function (err) {
+  if (installationForced) {
+    libvips.log(`Installation warning: ${err.message}`);
+  } else {
+    throw err;
+  }
+};
+
+const extractTarball = function (tarPath, platformAndArch) {
+  const versionedVendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch);
+  libvips.mkdirSync(versionedVendorPath);
+
+  const ignoreVendorInclude = hasSharpPrebuild.includes(platformAndArch) && !process.env.npm_config_build_from_source;
+  const ignore = function (name) {
+    return ignoreVendorInclude && name.includes('include/');
+  };
+
+  stream.pipeline(
+    fs.createReadStream(tarPath),
+    new zlib.BrotliDecompress(),
+    tarFs.extract(versionedVendorPath, { ignore }),
+    function (err) {
+      if (err) {
+        if (/unexpected end of file/.test(err.message)) {
+          fail(new Error(`Please delete ${tarPath} as it is not a valid tarball`));
+        }
+        fail(err);
       }
-      fail(err);
-    });
+    }
+  );
 };
 
 try {
   const useGlobalLibvips = libvips.useGlobalLibvips();
+
   if (useGlobalLibvips) {
     const globalLibvipsVersion = libvips.globalLibvipsVersion();
-    npmLog.info('sharp', `Detected globally-installed libvips v${globalLibvipsVersion}`);
-    npmLog.info('sharp', 'Building from source via node-gyp');
+    libvips.log(`Detected globally-installed libvips v${globalLibvipsVersion}`);
+    libvips.log('Building from source via node-gyp');
     process.exit(1);
   } else if (libvips.hasVendoredLibvips()) {
-    npmLog.info('sharp', `Using existing vendored libvips v${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+    libvips.log(`Using existing vendored libvips v${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
   } else {
     // Is this arch/platform supported?
     const arch = process.env.npm_config_arch || process.arch;
     const platformAndArch = platform();
-    if (platformAndArch === 'win32-ia32') {
-      throw new Error('Windows x86 (32-bit) node.exe is not supported');
-    }
-    if (arch === 'ia32') {
+    if (arch === 'ia32' && !platformAndArch.startsWith('win32')) {
       throw new Error(`Intel Architecture 32-bit systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
+    if (platformAndArch === 'darwin-arm64') {
+      throw new Error("Please run 'brew install vips' to install libvips on Apple M1 (ARM64) systems");
+    }
     if (platformAndArch === 'freebsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'openbsd-x64' || platformAndArch === 'sunos-x64') {
       throw new Error(`BSD/SunOS systems require manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
     }
-    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version) {
-      const minimumGlibcVersion = arch === 'arm64' ? '2.29.0' : '2.17.0';
-      if (semver.lt(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, minimumGlibcVersion)) {
-        throw new Error(`Use with glibc ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`);
+    // Linux libc version check
+    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && detectLibc.version && minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]) {
+      if (semverLessThan(`${detectLibc.version}.0`, `${minimumGlibcVersionByArch[arch]}.0`)) {
+        handleError(new Error(`Use with glibc ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
       }
     }
+    if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.MUSL && detectLibc.version) {
+      if (semverLessThan(detectLibc.version, '1.1.24')) {
+        handleError(new Error(`Use with musl ${detectLibc.version} requires manual installation of libvips >= ${minimumLibvipsVersion}`));
+      }
+    }
+    // Node.js minimum version check
+    const supportedNodeVersion = process.env.npm_package_engines_node || require('../package.json').engines.node;
+    if (!semverSatisfies(process.versions.node, supportedNodeVersion)) {
+      handleError(new Error(`Expected Node.js version ${supportedNodeVersion} but found ${process.versions.node}`));
+    }
+
     // Download to per-process temporary file
-    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.gz';
+    const tarFilename = ['libvips', minimumLibvipsVersion, platformAndArch].join('-') + '.tar.br';
     const tarPathCache = path.join(libvips.cachePath(), tarFilename);
     if (fs.existsSync(tarPathCache)) {
-      npmLog.info('sharp', `Using cached ${tarPathCache}`);
-      extractTarball(tarPathCache);
+      libvips.log(`Using cached ${tarPathCache}`);
+      extractTarball(tarPathCache, platformAndArch);
     } else {
-      const tarPathTemp = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${process.pid}-${tarFilename}`);
-      const tmpFile = fs.createWriteStream(tarPathTemp);
       const url = distBaseUrl + tarFilename;
-      npmLog.info('sharp', `Downloading ${url}`);
+      libvips.log(`Downloading ${url}`);
       simpleGet({ url: url, agent: agent() }, function (err, response) {
         if (err) {
           fail(err);
@@ -91,24 +136,39 @@ try {
         } else if (response.statusCode !== 200) {
           fail(new Error(`Status ${response.statusCode} ${response.statusMessage}`));
         } else {
+          const tarPathTemp = path.join(os.tmpdir(), `${process.pid}-${tarFilename}`);
+          const tmpFileStream = fs.createWriteStream(tarPathTemp);
           response
-            .on('error', fail)
-            .pipe(tmpFile);
+            .on('error', function (err) {
+              tmpFileStream.destroy(err);
+            })
+            .on('close', function () {
+              if (!response.complete) {
+                tmpFileStream.destroy(new Error('Download incomplete (connection was terminated)'));
+              }
+            })
+            .pipe(tmpFileStream);
+          tmpFileStream
+            .on('error', function (err) {
+              // Clean up temporary file
+              try {
+                fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
+              } catch (e) {}
+              fail(err);
+            })
+            .on('close', function () {
+              try {
+                // Attempt to rename
+                fs.renameSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+              } catch (err) {
+                // Fall back to copy and unlink
+                fs.copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
+                fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
+              }
+              extractTarball(tarPathCache, platformAndArch);
+            });
         }
       });
-      tmpFile
-        .on('error', fail)
-        .on('close', function () {
-          try {
-            // Attempt to rename
-            fs.renameSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
-          } catch (err) {
-            // Fall back to copy and unlink
-            fs.copyFileSync(tarPathTemp, tarPathCache);
-            fs.unlinkSync(tarPathTemp);
-          }
-          extractTarball(tarPathCache);
-        });
     }
   }
 } catch (err) {

lib/agent.js

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ module.exports = function () {
       ? tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttps
       : tunnelAgent.httpsOverHttp;
     const proxyAuth = proxy.username && proxy.password
-      ? `${proxy.username}:${proxy.password}`
+      ? `${decodeURIComponent(proxy.username)}:${decodeURIComponent(proxy.password)}`
       : null;
     return tunnel({
       proxy: {

lib/channel.js

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ const bool = {
 /**
  * Remove alpha channel, if any. This is a no-op if the image does not have an alpha channel.
  *
+ * See also {@link /api-operation#flatten|flatten}.
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('rgba.png')
  *   .removeAlpha()
@@ -30,21 +32,39 @@ function removeAlpha () {
 }
 
 /**
- * Ensure alpha channel, if missing. The added alpha channel will be fully opaque. This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
+ * Ensure the output image has an alpha transparency channel.
+ * If missing, the added alpha channel will have the specified
+ * transparency level, defaulting to fully-opaque (1).
+ * This is a no-op if the image already has an alpha channel.
  *
  * @since 0.21.2
  *
  * @example
- * sharp('rgb.jpg')
+ * // rgba.png will be a 4 channel image with a fully-opaque alpha channel
+ * await sharp('rgb.jpg')
  *   .ensureAlpha()
- *   .toFile('rgba.png', function(err, info) {
- *     // rgba.png is a 4 channel image with a fully opaque alpha channel
- *   });
+ *   .toFile('rgba.png')
  *
+ * @example
+ * // rgba is a 4 channel image with a fully-transparent alpha channel
+ * const rgba = await sharp(rgb)
+ *   .ensureAlpha(0)
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {number} [alpha=1] - alpha transparency level (0=fully-transparent, 1=fully-opaque)
  * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid alpha transparency level
  */
-function ensureAlpha () {
-  this.options.ensureAlpha = true;
+function ensureAlpha (alpha) {
+  if (is.defined(alpha)) {
+    if (is.number(alpha) && is.inRange(alpha, 0, 1)) {
+      this.options.ensureAlpha = alpha;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('alpha', 'number between 0 and 1', alpha);
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.options.ensureAlpha = 1;
+  }
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -52,31 +72,33 @@ function ensureAlpha () {
  * Extract a single channel from a multi-channel image.
  *
  * @example
- * sharp(input)
+ * // green.jpg is a greyscale image containing the green channel of the input
+ * await sharp(input)
  *   .extractChannel('green')
- *   .toFile('input_green.jpg', function(err, info) {
- *     // info.channels === 1
- *     // input_green.jpg contains the green channel of the input image
- *    });
+ *   .toFile('green.jpg');
  *
- * @param {Number|String} channel - zero-indexed band number to extract, or `red`, `green` or `blue` as alternative to `0`, `1` or `2` respectively.
+ * @example
+ * // red1 is the red value of the first pixel, red2 the second pixel etc.
+ * const [red1, red2, ...] = await sharp(input)
+ *   .extractChannel(0)
+ *   .raw()
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} channel - zero-indexed channel/band number to extract, or `red`, `green`, `blue` or `alpha`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid channel
  */
 function extractChannel (channel) {
-  if (channel === 'red') {
-    channel = 0;
-  } else if (channel === 'green') {
-    channel = 1;
-  } else if (channel === 'blue') {
-    channel = 2;
+  const channelMap = { red: 0, green: 1, blue: 2, alpha: 3 };
+  if (Object.keys(channelMap).includes(channel)) {
+    channel = channelMap[channel];
   }
   if (is.integer(channel) && is.inRange(channel, 0, 4)) {
     this.options.extractChannel = channel;
   } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue', channel);
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('channel', 'integer or one of: red, green, blue, alpha', channel);
   }
-  return this;
+  return this.toColourspace('b-w');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -87,10 +109,10 @@ function extractChannel (channel) {
  * - sRGB: 0: Red, 1: Green, 2: Blue, 3: Alpha.
  * - CMYK: 0: Magenta, 1: Cyan, 2: Yellow, 3: Black, 4: Alpha.
  *
- * Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp: JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data.
+ * Buffers may be any of the image formats supported by sharp.
  * For raw pixel input, the `options` object should contain a `raw` attribute, which follows the format of the attribute of the same name in the `sharp()` constructor.
  *
- * @param {Array<String|Buffer>|String|Buffer} images - one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
+ * @param {Array<string|Buffer>|string|Buffer} images - one or more images (file paths, Buffers).
  * @param {Object} options - image options, see `sharp()` constructor.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -118,7 +140,7 @@ function joinChannel (images, options) {
  *     // then `O(1,1) = 0b11110111 & 0b10101010 & 0b00001111 = 0b00000010 = 2`.
  *   });
  *
- * @param {String} boolOp - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+ * @param {string} boolOp - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */

lib/colour.js

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const colourspace = {
  * Tint the image using the provided chroma while preserving the image luminance.
  * An alpha channel may be present and will be unchanged by the operation.
  *
- * @param {String|Object} rgb - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values.
+ * @param {string|Object} rgb - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract chroma values.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameter
  */
@@ -54,10 +54,56 @@ function grayscale (grayscale) {
   return this.greyscale(grayscale);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Set the pipeline colourspace.
+ *
+ * The input image will be converted to the provided colourspace at the start of the pipeline.
+ * All operations will use this colourspace before converting to the output colourspace, as defined by {@link toColourspace}.
+ *
+ * This feature is experimental and has not yet been fully-tested with all operations.
+ *
+ * @since 0.29.0
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Run pipeline in 16 bits per channel RGB while converting final result to 8 bits per channel sRGB.
+ * await sharp(input)
+ *  .pipelineColourspace('rgb16')
+ *  .toColourspace('srgb')
+ *  .toFile('16bpc-pipeline-to-8bpc-output.png')
+ *
+ * @param {string} [colourspace] - pipeline colourspace e.g. `rgb16`, `scrgb`, `lab`, `grey16` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/41cff4e9d0838498487a00623462204eb10ee5b8/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L774)
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function pipelineColourspace (colourspace) {
+  if (!is.string(colourspace)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('colourspace', 'string', colourspace);
+  }
+  this.options.colourspaceInput = colourspace;
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Alternative spelling of `pipelineColourspace`.
+ * @param {string} [colorspace] - pipeline colorspace.
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function pipelineColorspace (colorspace) {
+  return this.pipelineColourspace(colorspace);
+}
+
 /**
  * Set the output colourspace.
  * By default output image will be web-friendly sRGB, with additional channels interpreted as alpha channels.
- * @param {String} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/master/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L568)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Output 16 bits per pixel RGB
+ * await sharp(input)
+ *  .toColourspace('rgb16')
+ *  .toFile('16-bpp.png')
+ *
+ * @param {string} [colourspace] - output colourspace e.g. `srgb`, `rgb`, `cmyk`, `lab`, `b-w` [...](https://github.com/libvips/libvips/blob/3c0bfdf74ce1dc37a6429bed47fa76f16e2cd70a/libvips/iofuncs/enumtypes.c#L777-L794)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -71,7 +117,7 @@ function toColourspace (colourspace) {
 
 /**
  * Alternative spelling of `toColourspace`.
- * @param {String} [colorspace] - output colorspace.
+ * @param {string} [colorspace] - output colorspace.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -82,8 +128,8 @@ function toColorspace (colorspace) {
 /**
  * Update a colour attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
- * @param {String} key
- * @param {String|Object} value
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @param {string|Object} value
  * @throws {Error} Invalid value
  */
 function _setBackgroundColourOption (key, value) {
@@ -112,6 +158,8 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     tint,
     greyscale,
     grayscale,
+    pipelineColourspace,
+    pipelineColorspace,
     toColourspace,
     toColorspace,
     // Private

lib/composite.js

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ const blend = {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object[]} images - Ordered list of images to composite
- * @param {Buffer|String} [images[].input] - Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see bellow)
+ * @param {Buffer|String} [images[].input] - Buffer containing image data, String containing the path to an image file, or Create object (see below)
  * @param {Object} [images[].input.create] - describes a blank overlay to be created.
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.width]
  * @param {Number} [images[].input.create.height]
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ const blend = {
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.width]
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.height]
  * @param {Number} [images[].raw.channels]
+ * @param {boolean} [images[].failOnError=true] - @see {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}
+ * @param {number|boolean} [images[].limitInputPixels=268402689] - @see {@link /api-constructor#parameters|constructor parameters}
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -100,14 +102,14 @@ function composite (images) {
     if (!is.object(image)) {
       throw is.invalidParameterError('image to composite', 'object', image);
     }
-    const { raw, density } = image;
-    const inputOptions = (raw || density) ? { raw, density } : undefined;
+    const inputOptions = this._inputOptionsFromObject(image);
     const composite = {
       input: this._createInputDescriptor(image.input, inputOptions, { allowStream: false }),
       blend: 'over',
       tile: false,
-      left: -1,
-      top: -1,
+      left: 0,
+      top: 0,
+      hasOffset: false,
       gravity: 0,
       premultiplied: false
     };
@@ -126,21 +128,23 @@ function composite (images) {
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(image.left)) {
-      if (is.integer(image.left) && image.left >= 0) {
+      if (is.integer(image.left)) {
         composite.left = image.left;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('left', 'positive integer', image.left);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('left', 'integer', image.left);
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(image.top)) {
-      if (is.integer(image.top) && image.top >= 0) {
+      if (is.integer(image.top)) {
         composite.top = image.top;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('top', 'positive integer', image.top);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('top', 'integer', image.top);
       }
     }
-    if (composite.left !== composite.top && Math.min(composite.left, composite.top) === -1) {
+    if (is.defined(image.top) !== is.defined(image.left)) {
       throw new Error('Expected both left and top to be set');
+    } else {
+      composite.hasOffset = is.integer(image.top) && is.integer(image.left);
     }
     if (is.defined(image.gravity)) {
       if (is.integer(image.gravity) && is.inRange(image.gravity, 0, 8)) {

lib/constructor.js

@@ -5,48 +5,26 @@ const stream = require('stream');
 const is = require('./is');
 
 require('./libvips').hasVendoredLibvips();
-
-/* istanbul ignore next */
-try {
-  require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
-} catch (err) {
-  // Bail early if bindings aren't available
-  const help = ['', 'Something went wrong installing the "sharp" module', '', err.message, ''];
-  if (/NODE_MODULE_VERSION/.test(err.message)) {
-    help.push('- Ensure the version of Node.js used at install time matches that used at runtime');
-  } else if (/invalid ELF header/.test(err.message)) {
-    help.push(`- Ensure "${process.platform}" is used at install time as well as runtime`);
-  } else if (/dylib/.test(err.message) && /Incompatible library version/.test(err.message)) {
-    help.push('- Run "brew update && brew upgrade vips"');
-  } else if (/Cannot find module/.test(err.message)) {
-    help.push('- Run "npm rebuild --verbose sharp" and look for errors');
-  } else {
-    help.push(
-      '- Remove the "node_modules/sharp" directory then run',
-      '  "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose" and look for errors'
-    );
-  }
-  help.push(
-    '- Consult the installation documentation at https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install',
-    '- Search for this error at https://github.com/lovell/sharp/issues', ''
-  );
-  const error = help.join('\n');
-  throw new Error(error);
-}
+require('./sharp');
 
 // Use NODE_DEBUG=sharp to enable libvips warnings
 const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
 
 /**
- * @constructs sharp
- *
  * Constructor factory to create an instance of `sharp`, to which further methods are chained.
  *
- * JPEG, PNG, WebP or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
+ * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF or TIFF format image data can be streamed out from this object.
  * When using Stream based output, derived attributes are available from the `info` event.
  *
+ * Non-critical problems encountered during processing are emitted as `warning` events.
+ *
  * Implements the [stream.Duplex](http://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex) class.
  *
+ * @constructs Sharp
+ *
+ * @emits Sharp#info
+ * @emits Sharp#warning
+ *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.jpg')
  *   .resize(300, 200)
@@ -81,30 +59,73 @@ const debuglog = util.debuglog('sharp');
  * .toBuffer()
  * .then( ... );
  *
- * @param {(Buffer|String)} [input] - if present, can be
- *  a Buffer containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data, or
- *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
- *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
+ * @example
+ * // Convert an animated GIF to an animated WebP
+ * await sharp('in.gif', { animated: true }).toFile('out.webp');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Read a raw array of pixels and save it to a png
+ * const input = Uint8Array.from([255, 255, 255, 0, 0, 0]); // or Uint8ClampedArray
+ * const image = sharp(input, {
+ *   // because the input does not contain its dimensions or how many channels it has
+ *   // we need to specify it in the constructor options
+ *   raw: {
+ *     width: 2,
+ *     height: 1,
+ *     channels: 3
+ *   }
+ * });
+ * await image.toFile('my-two-pixels.png');
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Generate RGB Gaussian noise
+ * await sharp({
+ *   create: {
+ *     width: 300,
+ *     height: 200,
+ *     channels: 3,
+ *     noise: {
+ *       type: 'gaussian',
+ *       mean: 128,
+ *       sigma: 30
+ *     }
+ *  }
+ * }).toFile('noise.png');
+ *
+ * @param {(Buffer|Uint8Array|Uint8ClampedArray|Int8Array|Uint16Array|Int16Array|Uint32Array|Int32Array|Float32Array|Float64Array|string)} [input] - if present, can be
+ *  a Buffer / Uint8Array / Uint8ClampedArray containing JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image data, or
+ *  a TypedArray containing raw pixel image data, or
+ *  a String containing the filesystem path to an JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG or TIFF image file.
+ *  JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, SVG, TIFF or raw pixel image data can be streamed into the object when not present.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {Boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.failOnError=true] - by default halt processing and raise an error when loading invalid images.
  *  Set this flag to `false` if you'd rather apply a "best effort" to decode images, even if the data is corrupt or invalid.
- * @param {Number|Boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
+ * @param {number|boolean} [options.limitInputPixels=268402689] - Do not process input images where the number of pixels
  *  (width x height) exceeds this limit. Assumes image dimensions contained in the input metadata can be trusted.
  *  An integral Number of pixels, zero or false to remove limit, true to use default limit of 268402689 (0x3FFF x 0x3FFF).
- * @param {Boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.sequentialRead=false] - Set this to `true` to use sequential rather than random access where possible.
  *  This can reduce memory usage and might improve performance on some systems.
- * @param {Number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images.
- * @param {Number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
- * @param {Number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
+ * @param {number} [options.density=72] - number representing the DPI for vector images in the range 1 to 100000.
+ * @param {number} [options.pages=1] - number of pages to extract for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), use -1 for all pages.
+ * @param {number} [options.page=0] - page number to start extracting from for multi-page input (GIF, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, PDF), zero based.
+ * @param {number} [options.subifd=-1] - subIFD (Sub Image File Directory) to extract for OME-TIFF, defaults to main image.
+ * @param {number} [options.level=0] - level to extract from a multi-level input (OpenSlide), zero based.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.animated=false] - Set to `true` to read all frames/pages of an animated image (equivalent of setting `pages` to `-1`).
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes raw pixel input image data. See `raw()` for pixel ordering.
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.channels] - 1-4
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.height] - integral number of pixels high.
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.channels] - integral number of channels, between 1 and 4.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.raw.premultiplied] - specifies that the raw input has already been premultiplied, set to `true`
+ *  to avoid sharp premultiplying the image. (optional, default `false`)
  * @param {Object} [options.create] - describes a new image to be created.
- * @param {Number} [options.create.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.create.channels] - 3-4
- * @param {String|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.width] - integral number of pixels wide.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.height] - integral number of pixels high.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.channels] - integral number of channels, either 3 (RGB) or 4 (RGBA).
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.create.background] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {Object} [options.create.noise] - describes a noise to be created.
+ * @param {string} [options.create.noise.type] - type of generated noise, currently only `gaussian` is supported.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.mean] - mean of pixels in generated noise.
+ * @param {number} [options.create.noise.sigma] - standard deviation of pixels in generated noise.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -144,6 +165,13 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     extendRight: 0,
     extendBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
     withoutEnlargement: false,
+    affineMatrix: [],
+    affineBackground: [0, 0, 0, 255],
+    affineIdx: 0,
+    affineIdy: 0,
+    affineOdx: 0,
+    affineOdy: 0,
+    affineInterpolator: this.constructor.interpolators.bilinear,
     kernel: 'lanczos3',
     fastShrinkOnLoad: true,
     // operations
@@ -152,6 +180,7 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     flatten: false,
     flattenBackground: [0, 0, 0],
     negate: false,
+    negateAlpha: true,
     medianSize: 0,
     blurSigma: 0,
     sharpenSigma: 0,
@@ -163,17 +192,22 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     gamma: 0,
     gammaOut: 0,
     greyscale: false,
-    normalise: 0,
+    normalise: false,
+    claheWidth: 0,
+    claheHeight: 0,
+    claheMaxSlope: 3,
     brightness: 1,
     saturation: 1,
     hue: 0,
+    lightness: 0,
     booleanBufferIn: null,
     booleanFileIn: '',
     joinChannelIn: [],
     extractChannel: -1,
     removeAlpha: false,
-    ensureAlpha: false,
+    ensureAlpha: -1,
     colourspace: 'srgb',
+    colourspaceInput: 'last',
     composite: [],
     // output
     fileOut: '',
@@ -181,6 +215,9 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     streamOut: false,
     withMetadata: false,
     withMetadataOrientation: -1,
+    withMetadataDensity: 0,
+    withMetadataIcc: '',
+    withMetadataStrs: {},
     resolveWithObject: false,
     // output format
     jpegQuality: 80,
@@ -192,12 +229,17 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     jpegOptimiseCoding: true,
     jpegQuantisationTable: 0,
     pngProgressive: false,
-    pngCompressionLevel: 9,
+    pngCompressionLevel: 6,
     pngAdaptiveFiltering: false,
     pngPalette: false,
     pngQuality: 100,
-    pngColours: 256,
+    pngBitdepth: 8,
     pngDither: 1,
+    jp2Quality: 80,
+    jp2TileHeight: 512,
+    jp2TileWidth: 512,
+    jp2Lossless: false,
+    jp2ChromaSubsampling: '4:4:4',
     webpQuality: 80,
     webpAlphaQuality: 100,
     webpLossless: false,
@@ -208,23 +250,36 @@ const Sharp = function (input, options) {
     tiffCompression: 'jpeg',
     tiffPredictor: 'horizontal',
     tiffPyramid: false,
-    tiffSquash: false,
+    tiffBitdepth: 8,
     tiffTile: false,
     tiffTileHeight: 256,
     tiffTileWidth: 256,
     tiffXres: 1.0,
     tiffYres: 1.0,
-    heifQuality: 80,
+    heifQuality: 50,
     heifLossless: false,
-    heifCompression: 'hevc',
+    heifCompression: 'av1',
+    heifSpeed: 5,
+    heifChromaSubsampling: '4:4:4',
+    rawDepth: 'uchar',
     tileSize: 256,
     tileOverlap: 0,
+    tileContainer: 'fs',
+    tileLayout: 'dz',
+    tileFormat: 'last',
+    tileDepth: 'last',
+    tileAngle: 0,
     tileSkipBlanks: -1,
     tileBackground: [255, 255, 255, 255],
+    tileCentre: false,
+    tileId: 'https://example.com/iiif',
     linearA: 1,
     linearB: 0,
     // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-    debuglog: debuglog,
+    debuglog: warning => {
+      this.emit('warning', warning);
+      debuglog(warning);
+    },
     // Function to notify of queue length changes
     queueListener: function (queueLength) {
       Sharp.queue.emit('change', queueLength);
@@ -248,6 +303,54 @@ util.inherits(Sharp, stream.Duplex);
  * // firstWritableStream receives auto-rotated, resized readableStream
  * // secondWritableStream receives auto-rotated, extracted region of readableStream
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Create a pipeline that will download an image, resize it and format it to different files
+ * // Using Promises to know when the pipeline is complete
+ * const fs = require("fs");
+ * const got = require("got");
+ * const sharpStream = sharp({
+ *   failOnError: false
+ * });
+ *
+ * const promises = [];
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .jpeg({ quality: 100 })
+ *     .toFile("originalFile.jpg")
+ * );
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .resize({ width: 500 })
+ *     .jpeg({ quality: 80 })
+ *     .toFile("optimized-500.jpg")
+ * );
+ *
+ * promises.push(
+ *   sharpStream
+ *     .clone()
+ *     .resize({ width: 500 })
+ *     .webp({ quality: 80 })
+ *     .toFile("optimized-500.webp")
+ * );
+ *
+ * // https://github.com/sindresorhus/got#gotstreamurl-options
+ * got.stream("https://www.example.com/some-file.jpg").pipe(sharpStream);
+ *
+ * Promise.all(promises)
+ *   .then(res => { console.log("Done!", res); })
+ *   .catch(err => {
+ *     console.error("Error processing files, let's clean it up", err);
+ *     try {
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("originalFile.jpg");
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.jpg");
+ *       fs.unlinkSync("optimized-500.webp");
+ *     } catch (e) {}
+ *   });
+ *
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function clone () {

lib/input.js

@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
 'use strict';
 
-const util = require('util');
 const color = require('color');
 const is = require('./is');
-const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
+const sharp = require('./sharp');
+
+/**
+ * Extract input options, if any, from an object.
+ * @private
+ */
+function _inputOptionsFromObject (obj) {
+  const { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd } = obj;
+  return [raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd].some(is.defined)
+    ? { raw, density, limitInputPixels, sequentialRead, failOnError, animated, page, pages, subifd }
+    : undefined;
+}
 
 /**
  * Create Object containing input and input-related options.
@@ -20,16 +30,24 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     inputDescriptor.file = input;
   } else if (is.buffer(input)) {
     // Buffer
+    if (input.length === 0) {
+      throw Error('Input Buffer is empty');
+    }
     inputDescriptor.buffer = input;
+  } else if (is.typedArray(input)) {
+    if (input.length === 0) {
+      throw Error('Input Bit Array is empty');
+    }
+    inputDescriptor.buffer = Buffer.from(input.buffer);
   } else if (is.plainObject(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions)) {
     // Plain Object descriptor, e.g. create
     inputOptions = input;
-    if (is.plainObject(inputOptions.raw) || is.bool(inputOptions.failOnError)) {
-      // Raw Stream
+    if (_inputOptionsFromObject(inputOptions)) {
+      // Stream with options
       inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
     }
   } else if (!is.defined(input) && !is.defined(inputOptions) && is.object(containerOptions) && containerOptions.allowStream) {
-    // Stream
+    // Stream without options
     inputDescriptor.buffer = [];
   } else {
     throw new Error(`Unsupported input '${input}' of type ${typeof input}${
@@ -47,10 +65,10 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
     }
     // Density
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.density)) {
-      if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 2400)) {
+      if (is.inRange(inputOptions.density, 1, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.density = inputOptions.density;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 2400', inputOptions.density);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'number between 1 and 100000', inputOptions.density);
       }
     }
     // limitInputPixels
@@ -84,11 +102,50 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         inputDescriptor.rawWidth = inputOptions.raw.width;
         inputDescriptor.rawHeight = inputOptions.raw.height;
         inputDescriptor.rawChannels = inputOptions.raw.channels;
+        inputDescriptor.rawPremultiplied = !!inputOptions.raw.premultiplied;
+
+        switch (input.constructor) {
+          case Uint8Array:
+          case Uint8ClampedArray:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'uchar';
+            break;
+          case Int8Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'char';
+            break;
+          case Uint16Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'ushort';
+            break;
+          case Int16Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'short';
+            break;
+          case Uint32Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'uint';
+            break;
+          case Int32Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'int';
+            break;
+          case Float32Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'float';
+            break;
+          case Float64Array:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'double';
+            break;
+          default:
+            inputDescriptor.rawDepth = 'uchar';
+            break;
+        }
       } else {
         throw new Error('Expected width, height and channels for raw pixel input');
       }
     }
     // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.animated)) {
+      if (is.bool(inputOptions.animated)) {
+        inputDescriptor.pages = inputOptions.animated ? -1 : 1;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('animated', 'boolean', inputOptions.animated);
+      }
+    }
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.pages)) {
       if (is.integer(inputOptions.pages) && is.inRange(inputOptions.pages, -1, 100000)) {
         inputDescriptor.pages = inputOptions.pages;
@@ -103,28 +160,72 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('page', 'integer between 0 and 100000', inputOptions.page);
       }
     }
+    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.level)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.level) && is.inRange(inputOptions.level, 0, 256)) {
+        inputDescriptor.level = inputOptions.level;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('level', 'integer between 0 and 256', inputOptions.level);
+      }
+    }
+    // Sub Image File Directory (TIFF)
+    if (is.defined(inputOptions.subifd)) {
+      if (is.integer(inputOptions.subifd) && is.inRange(inputOptions.subifd, -1, 100000)) {
+        inputDescriptor.subifd = inputOptions.subifd;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('subifd', 'integer between -1 and 100000', inputOptions.subifd);
+      }
+    }
     // Create new image
     if (is.defined(inputOptions.create)) {
       if (
         is.object(inputOptions.create) &&
         is.integer(inputOptions.create.width) && inputOptions.create.width > 0 &&
         is.integer(inputOptions.create.height) && inputOptions.create.height > 0 &&
-        is.integer(inputOptions.create.channels) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 3, 4) &&
-        is.defined(inputOptions.create.background)
+        is.integer(inputOptions.create.channels)
       ) {
         inputDescriptor.createWidth = inputOptions.create.width;
         inputDescriptor.createHeight = inputOptions.create.height;
         inputDescriptor.createChannels = inputOptions.create.channels;
-        const background = color(inputOptions.create.background);
-        inputDescriptor.createBackground = [
-          background.red(),
-          background.green(),
-          background.blue(),
-          Math.round(background.alpha() * 255)
-        ];
+        // Noise
+        if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
+          if (!is.object(inputOptions.create.noise)) {
+            throw new Error('Expected noise to be an object');
+          }
+          if (!is.inArray(inputOptions.create.noise.type, ['gaussian'])) {
+            throw new Error('Only gaussian noise is supported at the moment');
+          }
+          if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 1, 4)) {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.channels', 'number between 1 and 4', inputOptions.create.channels);
+          }
+          inputDescriptor.createNoiseType = inputOptions.create.noise.type;
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.mean) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.mean, 0, 10000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.createNoiseMean = inputOptions.create.noise.mean;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.mean', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.mean);
+          }
+          if (is.number(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma) && is.inRange(inputOptions.create.noise.sigma, 0, 10000)) {
+            inputDescriptor.createNoiseSigma = inputOptions.create.noise.sigma;
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.noise.sigma', 'number between 0 and 10000', inputOptions.create.noise.sigma);
+          }
+        } else if (is.defined(inputOptions.create.background)) {
+          if (!is.inRange(inputOptions.create.channels, 3, 4)) {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError('create.channels', 'number between 3 and 4', inputOptions.create.channels);
+          }
+          const background = color(inputOptions.create.background);
+          inputDescriptor.createBackground = [
+            background.red(),
+            background.green(),
+            background.blue(),
+            Math.round(background.alpha() * 255)
+          ];
+        } else {
+          throw new Error('Expected valid noise or background to create a new input image');
+        }
         delete inputDescriptor.buffer;
       } else {
-        throw new Error('Expected width, height, channels and background to create a new input image');
+        throw new Error('Expected valid width, height and channels to create a new input image');
       }
     }
   } else if (is.defined(inputOptions)) {
@@ -137,7 +238,7 @@ function _createInputDescriptor (input, inputOptions, containerOptions) {
  * Handle incoming Buffer chunk on Writable Stream.
  * @private
  * @param {Buffer} chunk
- * @param {String} encoding - unused
+ * @param {string} encoding - unused
  * @param {Function} callback
  */
 function _write (chunk, encoding, callback) {
@@ -173,7 +274,7 @@ function _flattenBufferIn () {
 /**
  * Are we expecting Stream-based input?
  * @private
- * @returns {Boolean}
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function _isStreamInput () {
   return Array.isArray(this.options.input.buffer);
@@ -198,6 +299,10 @@ function _isStreamInput () {
  * - `loop`: Number of times to loop an animated image, zero refers to a continuous loop.
  * - `delay`: Delay in ms between each page in an animated image, provided as an array of integers.
  * - `pagePrimary`: Number of the primary page in a HEIF image
+ * - `levels`: Details of each level in a multi-level image provided as an array of objects, requires libvips compiled with support for OpenSlide
+ * - `subifds`: Number of Sub Image File Directories in an OME-TIFF image
+ * - `background`: Default background colour, if present, for PNG (bKGD) and GIF images, either an RGB Object or a single greyscale value
+ * - `compression`: The encoder used to compress an HEIF file, `av1` (AVIF) or `hevc` (HEIC)
  * - `hasProfile`: Boolean indicating the presence of an embedded ICC profile
  * - `hasAlpha`: Boolean indicating the presence of an alpha transparency channel
  * - `orientation`: Number value of the EXIF Orientation header, if present
@@ -278,8 +383,13 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *     - `minY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the minimum lies)
  *     - `maxX` (x-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
  *     - `maxY` (y-coordinate of one of the pixel where the maximum lies)
- * - `isOpaque`: Value to identify if the image is opaque or transparent, based on the presence and use of alpha channel
+ * - `isOpaque`: Is the image fully opaque? Will be `true` if the image has no alpha channel or if every pixel is fully opaque.
  * - `entropy`: Histogram-based estimation of greyscale entropy, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+ * - `sharpness`: Estimation of greyscale sharpness based on the standard deviation of a Laplacian convolution, discarding alpha channel if any (experimental)
+ * - `dominant`: Object containing most dominant sRGB colour based on a 4096-bin 3D histogram (experimental)
+ *
+ * **Note**: Statistics are derived from the original input image. Any operations performed on the image must first be
+ * written to a buffer in order to run `stats` on the result (see third example).
  *
  * @example
  * const image = sharp(inputJpg);
@@ -289,6 +399,17 @@ function metadata (callback) {
  *      // stats contains the channel-wise statistics array and the isOpaque value
  *   });
  *
+ * @example
+ * const { entropy, sharpness, dominant } = await sharp(input).stats();
+ * const { r, g, b } = dominant;
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const image = sharp(input);
+ * // store intermediate result
+ * const part = await image.extract(region).toBuffer();
+ * // create new instance to obtain statistics of extracted region
+ * const stats = await sharp(part).stats();
+ *
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called with the arguments `(err, stats)`
  * @returns {Promise<Object>}
  */
@@ -331,32 +452,6 @@ function stats (callback) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * @private
- */
-const limitInputPixels = util.deprecate(function limitInputPixels (limit) {
-  // if we pass in false we represent the integer as 0 to disable
-  if (limit === false) {
-    limit = 0;
-  } else if (limit === true) {
-    limit = Math.pow(0x3FFF, 2);
-  }
-  if (is.integer(limit) && limit >= 0) {
-    this.options.input.limitInputPixels = limit;
-  } else {
-    throw is.invalidParameterError('limitInputPixels', 'integer', limit);
-  }
-  return this;
-}, 'limitInputPixels is deprecated, use sharp(input, { limitInputPixels: false }) instead');
-
-/**
- * @private
- */
-const sequentialRead = util.deprecate(function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
-  this.options.input.sequentialRead = is.bool(sequentialRead) ? sequentialRead : true;
-  return this;
-}, 'sequentialRead is deprecated, use sharp(input, { sequentialRead: true }) instead');
-
 /**
  * Decorate the Sharp prototype with input-related functions.
  * @private
@@ -364,15 +459,13 @@ const sequentialRead = util.deprecate(function sequentialRead (sequentialRead) {
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
   Object.assign(Sharp.prototype, {
     // Private
+    _inputOptionsFromObject,
     _createInputDescriptor,
     _write,
     _flattenBufferIn,
     _isStreamInput,
     // Public
     metadata,
-    stats,
-    // Deprecated
-    limitInputPixels,
-    sequentialRead
+    stats
   });
 };

lib/is.js

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const object = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const plainObject = function (val) {
-  return object(val) && Object.prototype.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';
+  return Object.prototype.toString.call(val) === '[object Object]';
 };
 
 /**
@@ -45,7 +45,30 @@ const bool = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const buffer = function (val) {
-  return object(val) && val instanceof Buffer;
+  return val instanceof Buffer;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Is this value a typed array object?. E.g. Uint8Array or Uint8ClampedArray?
+ * @private
+ */
+const typedArray = function (val) {
+  if (defined(val)) {
+    switch (val.constructor) {
+      case Uint8Array:
+      case Uint8ClampedArray:
+      case Int8Array:
+      case Uint16Array:
+      case Int16Array:
+      case Uint32Array:
+      case Int32Array:
+      case Float32Array:
+      case Float64Array:
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -69,7 +92,7 @@ const number = function (val) {
  * @private
  */
 const integer = function (val) {
-  return number(val) && val % 1 === 0;
+  return Number.isInteger(val);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -85,14 +108,14 @@ const inRange = function (val, min, max) {
  * @private
  */
 const inArray = function (val, list) {
-  return list.indexOf(val) !== -1;
+  return list.includes(val);
 };
 
 /**
  * Create an Error with a message relating to an invalid parameter.
  *
- * @param {String} name - parameter name.
- * @param {String} expected - description of the type/value/range expected.
+ * @param {string} name - parameter name.
+ * @param {string} expected - description of the type/value/range expected.
  * @param {*} actual - the value received.
  * @returns {Error} Containing the formatted message.
  * @private
@@ -110,6 +133,7 @@ module.exports = {
   fn: fn,
   bool: bool,
   buffer: buffer,
+  typedArray: typedArray,
   string: string,
   number: number,
   integer: integer,

lib/libvips.js

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const os = require('os');
 const path = require('path');
 const spawnSync = require('child_process').spawnSync;
-const semver = require('semver');
+const semverCoerce = require('semver/functions/coerce');
+const semverGreaterThanOrEqualTo = require('semver/functions/gte');
+
 const platform = require('./platform');
 
 const env = process.env;
-const minimumLibvipsVersion = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
+const minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled = env.npm_package_config_libvips || /* istanbul ignore next */
   require('../package.json').config.libvips;
+const minimumLibvipsVersion = semverCoerce(minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled).version;
 
 const spawnSyncOptions = {
   encoding: 'utf8',
@@ -18,9 +21,9 @@ const spawnSyncOptions = {
 
 const mkdirSync = function (dirPath) {
   try {
-    fs.mkdirSync(dirPath);
+    fs.mkdirSync(dirPath, { recursive: true });
   } catch (err) {
-    /* istanbul ignore if */
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
     if (err.code !== 'EEXIST') {
       throw err;
     }
@@ -36,39 +39,36 @@ const cachePath = function () {
   return libvipsCachePath;
 };
 
+const log = function (item) {
+  if (item instanceof Error) {
+    console.error(`sharp: Installation error: ${item.message}`);
+  } else {
+    console.log(`sharp: ${item}`);
+  }
+};
+
+const isRosetta = function () {
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  if (process.platform === 'darwin' && process.arch === 'x64') {
+    const translated = spawnSync('sysctl sysctl.proc_translated', spawnSyncOptions).stdout;
+    return (translated || '').trim() === 'sysctl.proc_translated: 1';
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
 const globalLibvipsVersion = function () {
   if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
-    const globalLibvipsVersion = spawnSync(`PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${pkgConfigPath()}" pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`, spawnSyncOptions).stdout || '';
-    return globalLibvipsVersion.trim();
+    const globalLibvipsVersion = spawnSync(`PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${pkgConfigPath()}" pkg-config --modversion vips-cpp`, spawnSyncOptions).stdout;
+    /* istanbul ignore next */
+    return (globalLibvipsVersion || '').trim();
   } else {
     return '';
   }
 };
 
 const hasVendoredLibvips = function () {
-  const currentPlatformId = platform();
-  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor');
-  let vendorVersionId;
-  let vendorPlatformId;
-  try {
-    vendorVersionId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'versions.json')).vips;
-    vendorPlatformId = require(path.join(vendorPath, 'platform.json'));
-  } catch (err) {}
-  /* istanbul ignore if */
-  if (vendorVersionId && vendorVersionId !== minimumLibvipsVersion) {
-    throw new Error(`Found vendored libvips v${vendorVersionId} but require v${minimumLibvipsVersion}. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
-  }
-  /* istanbul ignore else */
-  if (vendorPlatformId) {
-    /* istanbul ignore else */
-    if (currentPlatformId === vendorPlatformId) {
-      return true;
-    } else {
-      throw new Error(`'${vendorPlatformId}' binaries cannot be used on the '${currentPlatformId}' platform. Please remove the 'node_modules/sharp/vendor' directory and run 'npm install'.`);
-    }
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
+  const vendorPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'vendor', minimumLibvipsVersion, platform());
+  return fs.existsSync(vendorPath);
 };
 
 const pkgConfigPath = function () {
@@ -86,18 +86,23 @@ const useGlobalLibvips = function () {
   if (Boolean(env.SHARP_IGNORE_GLOBAL_LIBVIPS) === true) {
     return false;
   }
-
+  /* istanbul ignore next */
+  if (isRosetta()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   const globalVipsVersion = globalLibvipsVersion();
   return !!globalVipsVersion && /* istanbul ignore next */
-    semver.gte(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
+    semverGreaterThanOrEqualTo(globalVipsVersion, minimumLibvipsVersion);
 };
 
 module.exports = {
-  minimumLibvipsVersion: minimumLibvipsVersion,
-  cachePath: cachePath,
-  globalLibvipsVersion: globalLibvipsVersion,
-  hasVendoredLibvips: hasVendoredLibvips,
-  pkgConfigPath: pkgConfigPath,
-  useGlobalLibvips: useGlobalLibvips,
-  mkdirSync: mkdirSync
+  minimumLibvipsVersion,
+  minimumLibvipsVersionLabelled,
+  cachePath,
+  log,
+  globalLibvipsVersion,
+  hasVendoredLibvips,
+  pkgConfigPath,
+  useGlobalLibvips,
+  mkdirSync
 };

lib/operation.js

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ const is = require('./is');
  *   });
  * readableStream.pipe(pipeline);
  *
- * @param {Number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
+ * @param {number} [angle=auto] angle of rotation.
  * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background="#000000"] parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -82,15 +82,112 @@ function flop (flop) {
   return this;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Perform an affine transform on an image. This operation will always occur after resizing, extraction and rotation, if any.
+ *
+ * You must provide an array of length 4 or a 2x2 affine transformation matrix.
+ * By default, new pixels are filled with a black background. You can provide a background color with the `background` option.
+ * A particular interpolator may also be specified. Set the `interpolator` option to an attribute of the `sharp.interpolator` Object e.g. `sharp.interpolator.nohalo`.
+ *
+ * In the case of a 2x2 matrix, the transform is:
+ * - X = `matrix[0, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[0, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `odx`
+ * - Y = `matrix[1, 0]` \* (x + `idx`) + `matrix[1, 1]` \* (y + `idy`) + `ody`
+ *
+ * where:
+ * - x and y are the coordinates in input image.
+ * - X and Y are the coordinates in output image.
+ * - (0,0) is the upper left corner.
+ *
+ * @since 0.27.0
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const pipeline = sharp()
+ *   .affine([[1, 0.3], [0.1, 0.7]], {
+ *      background: 'white',
+ *      interpolate: sharp.interpolators.nohalo
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer((err, outputBuffer, info) => {
+ *      // outputBuffer contains the transformed image
+ *      // info.width and info.height contain the new dimensions
+ *   });
+ *
+ * inputStream
+ *   .pipe(pipeline);
+ *
+ * @param {Array<Array<number>>|Array<number>} matrix - affine transformation matrix
+ * @param {Object} [options] - if present, is an Object with optional attributes.
+ * @param {String|Object} [options.background="#000000"] - parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module to extract values for red, green, blue and alpha.
+ * @param {Number} [options.idx=0] - input horizontal offset
+ * @param {Number} [options.idy=0] - input vertical offset
+ * @param {Number} [options.odx=0] - output horizontal offset
+ * @param {Number} [options.ody=0] - output vertical offset
+ * @param {String} [options.interpolator=sharp.interpolators.bicubic] - interpolator
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function affine (matrix, options) {
+  const flatMatrix = [].concat(...matrix);
+  if (flatMatrix.length === 4 && flatMatrix.every(is.number)) {
+    this.options.affineMatrix = flatMatrix;
+  } else {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('matrix', '1x4 or 2x2 array', matrix);
+  }
+
+  if (is.defined(options)) {
+    if (is.object(options)) {
+      this._setBackgroundColourOption('affineBackground', options.background);
+      if (is.defined(options.idx)) {
+        if (is.number(options.idx)) {
+          this.options.affineIdx = options.idx;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('options.idx', 'number', options.idx);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.idy)) {
+        if (is.number(options.idy)) {
+          this.options.affineIdy = options.idy;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('options.idy', 'number', options.idy);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.odx)) {
+        if (is.number(options.odx)) {
+          this.options.affineOdx = options.odx;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('options.odx', 'number', options.odx);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.ody)) {
+        if (is.number(options.ody)) {
+          this.options.affineOdy = options.ody;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('options.ody', 'number', options.ody);
+        }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.interpolator)) {
+        if (is.inArray(options.interpolator, Object.values(this.constructor.interpolators))) {
+          this.options.affineInterpolator = options.interpolator;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('options.interpolator', 'valid interpolator name', options.interpolator);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'object', options);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Sharpen the image.
  * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild sharpen of the output image.
  * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate sharpen of the L channel in the LAB colour space.
  * Separate control over the level of sharpening in "flat" and "jagged" areas is available.
  *
- * @param {Number} [sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
- * @param {Number} [flat=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas.
- * @param {Number} [jagged=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas.
+ * @param {number} [sigma] - the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {number} [flat=1.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "flat" areas.
+ * @param {number} [jagged=2.0] - the level of sharpening to apply to "jagged" areas.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -129,7 +226,7 @@ function sharpen (sigma, flat, jagged) {
 /**
  * Apply median filter.
  * When used without parameters the default window is 3x3.
- * @param {Number} [size=3] square mask size: size x size
+ * @param {number} [size=3] square mask size: size x size
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -150,7 +247,7 @@ function median (size) {
  * Blur the image.
  * When used without parameters, performs a fast, mild blur of the output image.
  * When a `sigma` is provided, performs a slower, more accurate Gaussian blur.
- * @param {Number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
+ * @param {number} [sigma] a value between 0.3 and 1000 representing the sigma of the Gaussian mask, where `sigma = 1 + radius / 2`.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -171,9 +268,17 @@ function blur (sigma) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background.
+ * Merge alpha transparency channel, if any, with a background, then remove the alpha channel.
+ *
+ * See also {@link /api-channel#removealpha|removeAlpha}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * await sharp(rgbaInput)
+ *   .flatten({ background: '#F0A703' })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function flatten (options) {
@@ -193,8 +298,8 @@ function flatten (options) {
  *
  * Supply a second argument to use a different output gamma value, otherwise the first value is used in both cases.
  *
- * @param {Number} [gamma=2.2] value between 1.0 and 3.0.
- * @param {Number} [gammaOut] value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
+ * @param {number} [gamma=2.2] value between 1.0 and 3.0.
+ * @param {number} [gammaOut] value between 1.0 and 3.0. (optional, defaults to same as `gamma`)
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -220,11 +325,19 @@ function gamma (gamma, gammaOut) {
 
 /**
  * Produce the "negative" of the image.
- * @param {Boolean} [negate=true]
+ * @param {Object} [options]
+ * @param {Boolean} [options.alpha=true] Whether or not to negate any alpha channel
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
-function negate (negate) {
-  this.options.negate = is.bool(negate) ? negate : true;
+function negate (options) {
+  this.options.negate = is.bool(options) ? options : true;
+  if (is.plainObject(options) && 'alpha' in options) {
+    if (!is.bool(options.alpha)) {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('alpha', 'should be boolean value', options.alpha);
+    } else {
+      this.options.negateAlpha = options.alpha;
+    }
+  }
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -247,6 +360,47 @@ function normalize (normalize) {
   return this.normalise(normalize);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Perform contrast limiting adaptive histogram equalization
+ * {@link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_histogram_equalization#Contrast_Limited_AHE|CLAHE}.
+ *
+ * This will, in general, enhance the clarity of the image by bringing out darker details.
+ *
+ * @since 0.28.3
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {number} options.width - integer width of the region in pixels.
+ * @param {number} options.height - integer height of the region in pixels.
+ * @param {number} [options.maxSlope=3] - maximum value for the slope of the
+ *  cumulative histogram. A value of 0 disables contrast limiting. Valid values
+ *  are integers in the range 0-100 (inclusive)
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
+ */
+function clahe (options) {
+  if (!is.plainObject(options)) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('options', 'plain object', options);
+  }
+  if (!('width' in options) || !is.integer(options.width) || options.width <= 0) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('width', 'integer above zero', options.width);
+  } else {
+    this.options.claheWidth = options.width;
+  }
+  if (!('height' in options) || !is.integer(options.height) || options.height <= 0) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('height', 'integer above zero', options.height);
+  } else {
+    this.options.claheHeight = options.height;
+  }
+  if (!is.defined(options.maxSlope)) {
+    this.options.claheMaxSlope = 3;
+  } else if (!is.integer(options.maxSlope) || options.maxSlope < 0 || options.maxSlope > 100) {
+    throw is.invalidParameterError('maxSlope', 'integer 0-100', options.maxSlope);
+  } else {
+    this.options.claheMaxSlope = options.maxSlope;
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
 /**
  * Convolve the image with the specified kernel.
  *
@@ -264,11 +418,11 @@ function normalize (normalize) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} kernel
- * @param {Number} kernel.width - width of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Number} kernel.height - width of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Array<Number>} kernel.kernel - Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
- * @param {Number} [kernel.scale=sum] - the scale of the kernel in pixels.
- * @param {Number} [kernel.offset=0] - the offset of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} kernel.width - width of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} kernel.height - height of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {Array<number>} kernel.kernel - Array of length `width*height` containing the kernel values.
+ * @param {number} [kernel.scale=sum] - the scale of the kernel in pixels.
+ * @param {number} [kernel.offset=0] - the offset of the kernel in pixels.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -299,8 +453,8 @@ function convolve (kernel) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Any pixel value greather than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
- * @param {Number} [threshold=128] - a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied.
+ * Any pixel value greater than or equal to the threshold value will be set to 255, otherwise it will be set to 0.
+ * @param {number} [threshold=128] - a value in the range 0-255 representing the level at which the threshold will be applied.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {Boolean} [options.greyscale=true] - convert to single channel greyscale.
  * @param {Boolean} [options.grayscale=true] - alternative spelling for greyscale.
@@ -331,13 +485,13 @@ function threshold (threshold, options) {
  * This operation creates an output image where each pixel is the result of
  * the selected bitwise boolean `operation` between the corresponding pixels of the input images.
  *
- * @param {Buffer|String} operand - Buffer containing image data or String containing the path to an image file.
- * @param {String} operator - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
+ * @param {Buffer|string} operand - Buffer containing image data or string containing the path to an image file.
+ * @param {string} operator - one of `and`, `or` or `eor` to perform that bitwise operation, like the C logic operators `&`, `|` and `^` respectively.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {Object} [options.raw] - describes operand when using raw pixel data.
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.width]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.height]
- * @param {Number} [options.raw.channels]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.width]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.height]
+ * @param {number} [options.raw.channels]
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -353,8 +507,8 @@ function boolean (operand, operator, options) {
 
 /**
  * Apply the linear formula a * input + b to the image (levels adjustment)
- * @param {Number} [a=1.0] multiplier
- * @param {Number} [b=0.0] offset
+ * @param {number} [a=1.0] multiplier
+ * @param {number} [b=0.0] offset
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -394,7 +548,7 @@ function linear (a, b) {
  *     // With this example input, a sepia filter has been applied
  *   });
  *
- * @param {Array<Array<Number>>} 3x3 Recombination matrix
+ * @param {Array<Array<number>>} inputMatrix - 3x3 Recombination matrix
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -416,14 +570,16 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Transforms the image using brightness, saturation and hue rotation.
+ * Transforms the image using brightness, saturation, hue rotation, and lightness.
+ * Brightness and lightness both operate on luminance, with the difference being that
+ * brightness is multiplicative whereas lightness is additive.
  *
  * @since 0.22.1
  *
  * @example
  * sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
- *     brightness: 2 // increase lightness by a factor of 2
+ *     brightness: 2 // increase brightness by a factor of 2
  *   });
  *
  * sharp(input)
@@ -431,6 +587,11 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
  *     hue: 180 // hue-rotate by 180 degrees
  *   });
  *
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .modulate({
+ *     lightness: 50 // increase lightness by +50
+ *   });
+ *
  * // decreate brightness and saturation while also hue-rotating by 90 degrees
  * sharp(input)
  *   .modulate({
@@ -440,9 +601,10 @@ function recomb (inputMatrix) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier
- * @param {Number} [options.saturation] Saturation multiplier
- * @param {Number} [options.hue] Degrees for hue rotation
+ * @param {number} [options.brightness] Brightness multiplier
+ * @param {number} [options.saturation] Saturation multiplier
+ * @param {number} [options.hue] Degrees for hue rotation
+ * @param {number} [options.lightness] Lightness addend
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function modulate (options) {
@@ -470,6 +632,13 @@ function modulate (options) {
       throw is.invalidParameterError('hue', 'number', options.hue);
     }
   }
+  if ('lightness' in options) {
+    if (is.number(options.lightness)) {
+      this.options.lightness = options.lightness;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('lightness', 'number', options.lightness);
+    }
+  }
   return this;
 }
 
@@ -482,6 +651,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     rotate,
     flip,
     flop,
+    affine,
     sharpen,
     median,
     blur,
@@ -490,6 +660,7 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     negate,
     normalise,
     normalize,
+    clahe,
     convolve,
     threshold,
     boolean,

lib/output.js

@@ -1,29 +1,41 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const path = require('path');
 const is = require('./is');
-const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
+const sharp = require('./sharp');
 
 const formats = new Map([
   ['heic', 'heif'],
   ['heif', 'heif'],
+  ['avif', 'avif'],
   ['jpeg', 'jpeg'],
   ['jpg', 'jpeg'],
   ['png', 'png'],
   ['raw', 'raw'],
   ['tiff', 'tiff'],
-  ['webp', 'webp']
+  ['webp', 'webp'],
+  ['gif', 'gif'],
+  ['jp2', 'jp2'],
+  ['jpx', 'jp2'],
+  ['j2k', 'jp2'],
+  ['j2c', 'jp2']
 ]);
 
+const errMagickSave = new Error('GIF output requires libvips with support for ImageMagick');
+const errJp2Save = new Error('JP2 output requires libvips with support for OpenJPEG');
+
 /**
  * Write output image data to a file.
  *
  * If an explicit output format is not selected, it will be inferred from the extension,
- * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
+ * with JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF, DZI, and libvips' V format supported.
  * Note that raw pixel data is only supported for buffer output.
  *
  * By default all metadata will be removed, which includes EXIF-based orientation.
  * See {@link withMetadata} for control over this.
  *
+ * The caller is responsible for ensuring directory structures and permissions exist.
+ *
  * A `Promise` is returned when `callback` is not provided.
  *
  * @example
@@ -36,7 +48,7 @@ const formats = new Map([
  *   .then(info => { ... })
  *   .catch(err => { ... });
  *
- * @param {String} fileOut - the path to write the image data to.
+ * @param {string} fileOut - the path to write the image data to.
  * @param {Function} [callback] - called on completion with two arguments `(err, info)`.
  * `info` contains the output image `format`, `size` (bytes), `width`, `height`,
  * `channels` and `premultiplied` (indicating if premultiplication was used).
@@ -45,32 +57,30 @@ const formats = new Map([
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
 function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
-  if (!fileOut || fileOut.length === 0) {
-    const errOutputInvalid = new Error('Missing output file path');
+  let err;
+  if (!is.string(fileOut)) {
+    err = new Error('Missing output file path');
+  } else if (is.string(this.options.input.file) && path.resolve(this.options.input.file) === path.resolve(fileOut)) {
+    err = new Error('Cannot use same file for input and output');
+  } else if (this.options.formatOut === 'input' && fileOut.toLowerCase().endsWith('.gif') && !this.constructor.format.magick.output.file) {
+    err = errMagickSave;
+  }
+  if (err) {
     if (is.fn(callback)) {
-      callback(errOutputInvalid);
+      callback(err);
     } else {
-      return Promise.reject(errOutputInvalid);
+      return Promise.reject(err);
     }
   } else {
-    if (this.options.input.file === fileOut) {
-      const errOutputIsInput = new Error('Cannot use same file for input and output');
-      if (is.fn(callback)) {
-        callback(errOutputIsInput);
-      } else {
-        return Promise.reject(errOutputIsInput);
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.options.fileOut = fileOut;
-      return this._pipeline(callback);
-    }
+    this.options.fileOut = fileOut;
+    return this._pipeline(callback);
   }
   return this;
 }
 
 /**
  * Write output to a Buffer.
- * JPEG, PNG, WebP, TIFF and RAW output are supported.
+ * JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, TIFF and raw pixel data output are supported.
  *
  * If no explicit format is set, the output format will match the input image, except GIF and SVG input which become PNG output.
  *
@@ -102,8 +112,24 @@ function toFile (fileOut, callback) {
  *   .then(({ data, info }) => { ... })
  *   .catch(err => { ... });
  *
+ * @example
+ * const { data, info } = await sharp('my-image.jpg')
+ *   // output the raw pixels
+ *   .raw()
+ *   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
+ *
+ * // create a more type safe way to work with the raw pixel data
+ * // this will not copy the data, instead it will change `data`s underlying ArrayBuffer
+ * // so `data` and `pixelArray` point to the same memory location
+ * const pixelArray = new Uint8ClampedArray(data.buffer);
+ *
+ * // When you are done changing the pixelArray, sharp takes the `pixelArray` as an input
+ * const { width, height, channels } = info;
+ * await sharp(pixelArray, { raw: { width, height, channels } })
+ *   .toFile('my-changed-image.jpg');
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.resolveWithObject] Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.resolveWithObject] Resolve the Promise with an Object containing `data` and `info` properties instead of resolving only with `data`.
  * @param {Function} [callback]
  * @returns {Promise<Buffer>} - when no callback is provided
  */
@@ -118,8 +144,11 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
 
 /**
  * Include all metadata (EXIF, XMP, IPTC) from the input image in the output image.
- * The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to strip all metadata and convert to the device-independent sRGB colour space.
- * This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile.
+ * This will also convert to and add a web-friendly sRGB ICC profile unless a custom
+ * output profile is provided.
+ *
+ * The default behaviour, when `withMetadata` is not used, is to convert to the device-independent
+ * sRGB colour space and strip all metadata, including the removal of any ICC profile.
  *
  * @example
  * sharp('input.jpg')
@@ -127,8 +156,29 @@ function toBuffer (options, callback) {
  *   .toFile('output-with-metadata.jpg')
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Set "IFD0-Copyright" in output EXIF metadata
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .withMetadata({
+ *     exif: {
+ *       IFD0: {
+ *         Copyright: 'Wernham Hogg'
+ *       }
+ *     }
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ *  * @example
+ * // Set output metadata to 96 DPI
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .withMetadata({ density: 96 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * @param {number} [options.orientation] value between 1 and 8, used to update the EXIF `Orientation` tag.
+ * @param {string} [options.icc] filesystem path to output ICC profile, defaults to sRGB.
+ * @param {Object<Object>} [options.exif={}] Object keyed by IFD0, IFD1 etc. of key/value string pairs to write as EXIF data.
+ * @param {number} [options.density] Number of pixels per inch (DPI).
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -142,6 +192,39 @@ function withMetadata (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('orientation', 'integer between 1 and 8', options.orientation);
       }
     }
+    if (is.defined(options.density)) {
+      if (is.number(options.density) && options.density > 0) {
+        this.options.withMetadataDensity = options.density;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('density', 'positive number', options.density);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.icc)) {
+      if (is.string(options.icc)) {
+        this.options.withMetadataIcc = options.icc;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('icc', 'string filesystem path to ICC profile', options.icc);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.exif)) {
+      if (is.object(options.exif)) {
+        for (const [ifd, entries] of Object.entries(options.exif)) {
+          if (is.object(entries)) {
+            for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(entries)) {
+              if (is.string(v)) {
+                this.options.withMetadataStrs[`exif-${ifd.toLowerCase()}-${k}`] = v;
+              } else {
+                throw is.invalidParameterError(`exif.${ifd}.${k}`, 'string', v);
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            throw is.invalidParameterError(`exif.${ifd}`, 'object', entries);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('exif', 'object', options.exif);
+      }
+    }
   }
   return this;
 }
@@ -155,13 +238,13 @@ function withMetadata (options) {
  *   .toFormat('png')
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
- * @param {(String|Object)} format - as a String or an Object with an 'id' attribute
+ * @param {(string|Object)} format - as a string or an Object with an 'id' attribute
  * @param {Object} options - output options
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} unsupported format or options
  */
 function toFormat (format, options) {
-  const actualFormat = formats.get(is.object(format) && is.string(format.id) ? format.id : format);
+  const actualFormat = formats.get((is.object(format) && is.string(format.id) ? format.id : format).toLowerCase());
   if (!actualFormat) {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('format', `one of: ${[...formats.keys()].join(', ')}`, format);
   }
@@ -180,19 +263,26 @@ function toFormat (format, options) {
  *   })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Use mozjpeg to reduce output JPEG file size (slower)
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .jpeg({ mozjpeg: true })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
- * @param {String} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:2:0'] - set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling when quality <= 90
- * @param {Boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
- * @param {Boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
- * @param {Number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8, requires libvips compiled with support for mozjpeg
- * @param {Number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
+ * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:2:0'] - set to '4:4:4' to prevent chroma subsampling otherwise defaults to '4:2:0' chroma subsampling
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimiseCoding=true] - optimise Huffman coding tables
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimizeCoding=true] - alternative spelling of optimiseCoding
+ * @param {boolean} [options.mozjpeg=false] - use mozjpeg defaults, equivalent to `{ trellisQuantisation: true, overshootDeringing: true, optimiseScans: true, quantisationTable: 3 }`
+ * @param {boolean} [options.trellisQuantisation=false] - apply trellis quantisation
+ * @param {boolean} [options.overshootDeringing=false] - apply overshoot deringing
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimiseScans=false] - optimise progressive scans, forces progressive
+ * @param {boolean} [options.optimizeScans=false] - alternative spelling of optimiseScans
+ * @param {number} [options.quantisationTable=0] - quantization table to use, integer 0-8
+ * @param {number} [options.quantizationTable=0] - alternative spelling of quantisationTable
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force JPEG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -215,6 +305,23 @@ function jpeg (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
     }
+    const optimiseCoding = is.bool(options.optimizeCoding) ? options.optimizeCoding : options.optimiseCoding;
+    if (is.defined(optimiseCoding)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('jpegOptimiseCoding', optimiseCoding);
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.mozjpeg)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.mozjpeg)) {
+        if (options.mozjpeg) {
+          this.options.jpegTrellisQuantisation = true;
+          this.options.jpegOvershootDeringing = true;
+          this.options.jpegOptimiseScans = true;
+          this.options.jpegProgressive = true;
+          this.options.jpegQuantisationTable = 3;
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('mozjpeg', 'boolean', options.mozjpeg);
+      }
+    }
     const trellisQuantisation = is.bool(options.trellisQuantization) ? options.trellisQuantization : options.trellisQuantisation;
     if (is.defined(trellisQuantisation)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('jpegTrellisQuantisation', trellisQuantisation);
@@ -229,10 +336,6 @@ function jpeg (options) {
         this.options.jpegProgressive = true;
       }
     }
-    const optimiseCoding = is.bool(options.optimizeCoding) ? options.optimizeCoding : options.optimiseCoding;
-    if (is.defined(optimiseCoding)) {
-      this._setBooleanOption('jpegOptimiseCoding', optimiseCoding);
-    }
     const quantisationTable = is.number(options.quantizationTable) ? options.quantizationTable : options.quantisationTable;
     if (is.defined(quantisationTable)) {
       if (is.integer(quantisationTable) && is.inRange(quantisationTable, 0, 8)) {
@@ -248,25 +351,32 @@ function jpeg (options) {
 /**
  * Use these PNG options for output image.
  *
- * PNG output is always full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
+ * By default, PNG output is full colour at 8 or 16 bits per pixel.
  * Indexed PNG input at 1, 2 or 4 bits per pixel is converted to 8 bits per pixel.
+ * Set `palette` to `true` for slower, indexed PNG output.
  *
  * @example
- * // Convert any input to PNG output
+ * // Convert any input to full colour PNG output
  * const data = await sharp(input)
  *   .png()
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert any input to indexed PNG output (slower)
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .png({ palette: true })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
- * @param {Number} [options.compressionLevel=9] - zlib compression level, 0-9
- * @param {Boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
- * @param {Boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, requires libvips compiled with support for libimagequant
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {boolean} [options.progressive=false] - use progressive (interlace) scan
+ * @param {number} [options.compressionLevel=6] - zlib compression level, 0 (fastest, largest) to 9 (slowest, smallest)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.adaptiveFiltering=false] - use adaptive row filtering
+ * @param {boolean} [options.palette=false] - quantise to a palette-based image with alpha transparency support
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=100] - use the lowest number of colours needed to achieve given quality, sets `palette` to `true`
+ * @param {number} [options.colours=256] - maximum number of palette entries, sets `palette` to `true`
+ * @param {number} [options.colors=256] - alternative spelling of `options.colours`, sets `palette` to `true`
+ * @param {number} [options.dither=1.0] - level of Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion, sets `palette` to `true`
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force PNG output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -287,28 +397,30 @@ function png (options) {
     }
     if (is.defined(options.palette)) {
       this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', options.palette);
-      if (this.options.pngPalette) {
-        if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
-          if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 0, 100)) {
-            this.options.pngQuality = options.quality;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.quality);
-          }
+    } else if (is.defined(options.quality) || is.defined(options.colours || options.colors) || is.defined(options.dither)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('pngPalette', true);
+    }
+    if (this.options.pngPalette) {
+      if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+        if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 0, 100)) {
+          this.options.pngQuality = options.quality;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 0 and 100', options.quality);
         }
-        const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
-        if (is.defined(colours)) {
-          if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
-            this.options.pngColours = colours;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
-          }
+      }
+      const colours = options.colours || options.colors;
+      if (is.defined(colours)) {
+        if (is.integer(colours) && is.inRange(colours, 2, 256)) {
+          this.options.pngBitdepth = 1 << 31 - Math.clz32(Math.ceil(Math.log2(colours)));
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('colours', 'integer between 2 and 256', colours);
         }
-        if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
-          if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
-            this.options.pngDither = options.dither;
-          } else {
-            throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
-          }
+      }
+      if (is.defined(options.dither)) {
+        if (is.number(options.dither) && is.inRange(options.dither, 0, 1)) {
+          this.options.pngDither = options.dither;
+        } else {
+          throw is.invalidParameterError('dither', 'number between 0.0 and 1.0', options.dither);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -325,14 +437,23 @@ function png (options) {
  *   .webp({ lossless: true })
  *   .toBuffer();
  *
+ * @example
+ * // Optimise the file size of an animated WebP
+ * const outputWebp = await sharp(inputWebp, { animated: true })
+ *   .webp({ reductionEffort: 6 })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
- * @param {Boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
- * @param {Boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
- * @param {Number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {number} [options.alphaQuality=100] - quality of alpha layer, integer 0-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
+ * @param {boolean} [options.nearLossless=false] - use near_lossless compression mode
+ * @param {boolean} [options.smartSubsample=false] - use high quality chroma subsampling
+ * @param {number} [options.reductionEffort=4] - level of CPU effort to reduce file size, integer 0-6
+ * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
+ * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
+ * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force WebP output, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -367,9 +488,151 @@ function webp (options) {
       throw is.invalidParameterError('reductionEffort', 'integer between 0 and 6', options.reductionEffort);
     }
   }
+
+  trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
   return this._updateFormatOut('webp', options);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Use these GIF options for output image.
+ *
+ * Requires libvips compiled with support for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick.
+ * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+ * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {number} [options.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
+ * @param {number} [options.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
+ * @param {number[]} [options.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force GIF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+function gif (options) {
+  if (!this.constructor.format.magick.output.buffer) {
+    throw errMagickSave;
+  }
+  trySetAnimationOptions(options, this.options);
+  return this._updateFormatOut('gif', options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Use these JP2 options for output image.
+ *
+ * Requires libvips compiled with support for OpenJPEG.
+ * The prebuilt binaries do not include this - see
+ * {@link https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install#custom-libvips installing a custom libvips}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert any input to lossless JP2 output
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .jp2({ lossless: true })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Convert any input to very high quality JP2 output
+ * const data = await sharp(input)
+ *   .jp2({
+ *     quality: 100,
+ *     chromaSubsampling: '4:4:4'
+ *   })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @since 0.29.1
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression mode
+ * @param {number} [options.tileWidth=512] - horizontal tile size
+ * @param {number} [options.tileHeight=512] - vertical tile size
+ * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+function jp2 (options) {
+  if (!this.constructor.format.jp2k.output.buffer) {
+    throw errJp2Save;
+  }
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
+        this.options.jp2Quality = options.quality;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.lossless)) {
+      if (is.bool(options.lossless)) {
+        this.options.jp2Lossless = options.lossless;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('lossless', 'boolean', options.lossless);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.tileWidth)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileWidth) && is.inRange(options.tileWidth, 1, 32768)) {
+        this.options.jp2TileWidth = options.tileWidth;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileWidth', 'integer between 1 and 32768', options.tileWidth);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.tileHeight)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.tileHeight) && is.inRange(options.tileHeight, 1, 32768)) {
+        this.options.jp2TileHeight = options.tileHeight;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('tileHeight', 'integer between 1 and 32768', options.tileHeight);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.chromaSubsampling)) {
+      if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
+        this.options.heifChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this._updateFormatOut('jp2', options);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set animation options if available.
+ * @private
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [source] - output options
+ * @param {number} [source.pageHeight] - page height for animated output
+ * @param {number} [source.loop=0] - number of animation iterations, use 0 for infinite animation
+ * @param {number[]} [source.delay] - list of delays between animation frames (in milliseconds)
+ * @param {Object} [target] - target object for valid options
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+function trySetAnimationOptions (source, target) {
+  if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.pageHeight)) {
+    if (is.integer(source.pageHeight) && source.pageHeight > 0) {
+      target.pageHeight = source.pageHeight;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('pageHeight', 'integer larger than 0', source.pageHeight);
+    }
+  }
+  if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.loop)) {
+    if (is.integer(source.loop) && is.inRange(source.loop, 0, 65535)) {
+      target.loop = source.loop;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('loop', 'integer between 0 and 65535', source.loop);
+    }
+  }
+  if (is.object(source) && is.defined(source.delay)) {
+    if (
+      Array.isArray(source.delay) &&
+      source.delay.every(is.integer) &&
+      source.delay.every(v => is.inRange(v, 0, 65535))) {
+      target.delay = source.delay;
+    } else {
+      throw is.invalidParameterError('delay', 'array of integers between 0 and 65535', source.delay);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Use these TIFF options for output image.
  *
@@ -378,23 +641,23 @@ function webp (options) {
  * sharp('input.svg')
  *   .tiff({
  *     compression: 'lzw',
- *     squash: true
+ *     bitdepth: 1
  *   })
  *   .toFile('1-bpp-output.tiff')
  *   .then(info => { ... });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
- * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4
- * @param {Boolean} [options.predictor='horizontal'] - compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float
- * @param {Boolean} [options.pyramid=false] - write an image pyramid
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tile=false] - write a tiled tiff
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tileWidth=256] - horizontal tile size
- * @param {Boolean} [options.tileHeight=256] - vertical tile size
- * @param {Number} [options.xres=1.0] - horizontal resolution in pixels/mm
- * @param {Number} [options.yres=1.0] - vertical resolution in pixels/mm
- * @param {Boolean} [options.squash=false] - squash 8-bit images down to 1 bit
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force TIFF output, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {string} [options.compression='jpeg'] - compression options: lzw, deflate, jpeg, ccittfax4
+ * @param {string} [options.predictor='horizontal'] - compression predictor options: none, horizontal, float
+ * @param {boolean} [options.pyramid=false] - write an image pyramid
+ * @param {boolean} [options.tile=false] - write a tiled tiff
+ * @param {number} [options.tileWidth=256] - horizontal tile size
+ * @param {number} [options.tileHeight=256] - vertical tile size
+ * @param {number} [options.xres=1.0] - horizontal resolution in pixels/mm
+ * @param {number} [options.yres=1.0] - vertical resolution in pixels/mm
+ * @param {number} [options.bitdepth=8] - reduce bitdepth to 1, 2 or 4 bit
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
@@ -407,8 +670,12 @@ function tiff (options) {
         throw is.invalidParameterError('quality', 'integer between 1 and 100', options.quality);
       }
     }
-    if (is.defined(options.squash)) {
-      this._setBooleanOption('tiffSquash', options.squash);
+    if (is.defined(options.bitdepth)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.bitdepth) && is.inArray(options.bitdepth, [1, 2, 4, 8])) {
+        this.options.tiffBitdepth = options.bitdepth;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('bitdepth', '1, 2, 4 or 8', options.bitdepth);
+      }
     }
     // tiling
     if (is.defined(options.tile)) {
@@ -467,29 +734,46 @@ function tiff (options) {
   return this._updateFormatOut('tiff', options);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Use these AVIF options for output image.
+ *
+ * Whilst it is possible to create AVIF images smaller than 16x16 pixels,
+ * most web browsers do not display these properly.
+ *
+ * AVIF image sequences are not supported.
+ *
+ * @since 0.27.0
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=50] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @param {number} [options.speed=5] - CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest)
+ * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
+ * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
+ */
+function avif (options) {
+  return this.heif({ ...options, compression: 'av1' });
+}
+
 /**
  * Use these HEIF options for output image.
  *
- * Support for HEIF (HEIC/AVIF) is experimental.
- * Do not use this in production systems.
- *
- * Requires a custom, globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif.
- *
- * Most versions of libheif support only the patent-encumbered HEVC compression format.
+ * Support for patent-encumbered HEIC images requires the use of a
+ * globally-installed libvips compiled with support for libheif, libde265 and x265.
  *
  * @since 0.23.0
  *
  * @param {Object} [options] - output options
- * @param {Number} [options.quality=80] - quality, integer 1-100
- * @param {Boolean} [options.compression='hevc'] - compression format: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1
- * @param {Boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @param {number} [options.quality=50] - quality, integer 1-100
+ * @param {string} [options.compression='av1'] - compression format: av1, hevc
+ * @param {boolean} [options.lossless=false] - use lossless compression
+ * @param {number} [options.speed=5] - CPU effort vs file size, 0 (slowest/smallest) to 9 (fastest/largest)
+ * @param {string} [options.chromaSubsampling='4:4:4'] - set to '4:2:0' to use chroma subsampling
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
 function heif (options) {
-  if (!this.constructor.format.heif.output.buffer) {
-    throw new Error('The heif operation requires libvips to have been installed with support for libheif');
-  }
   if (is.object(options)) {
     if (is.defined(options.quality)) {
       if (is.integer(options.quality) && is.inRange(options.quality, 1, 100)) {
@@ -506,10 +790,24 @@ function heif (options) {
       }
     }
     if (is.defined(options.compression)) {
-      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['hevc', 'avc', 'jpeg', 'av1'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.compression) && is.inArray(options.compression, ['av1', 'hevc'])) {
         this.options.heifCompression = options.compression;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: hevc, avc, jpeg, av1', options.compression);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('compression', 'one of: av1, hevc', options.compression);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.speed)) {
+      if (is.integer(options.speed) && is.inRange(options.speed, 0, 9)) {
+        this.options.heifSpeed = options.speed;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('speed', 'integer between 0 and 9', options.speed);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(options.chromaSubsampling)) {
+      if (is.string(options.chromaSubsampling) && is.inArray(options.chromaSubsampling, ['4:2:0', '4:4:4'])) {
+        this.options.heifChromaSubsampling = options.chromaSubsampling;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('chromaSubsampling', 'one of: 4:2:0, 4:4:4', options.chromaSubsampling);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -517,17 +815,41 @@ function heif (options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Force output to be raw, uncompressed uint8 pixel data.
+ * Force output to be raw, uncompressed pixel data.
+ * Pixel ordering is left-to-right, top-to-bottom, without padding.
+ * Channel ordering will be RGB or RGBA for non-greyscale colourspaces.
  *
  * @example
- * // Extract raw RGB pixel data from JPEG input
+ * // Extract raw, unsigned 8-bit RGB pixel data from JPEG input
  * const { data, info } = await sharp('input.jpg')
  *   .raw()
  *   .toBuffer({ resolveWithObject: true });
  *
- * @returns {Sharp}
+ * @example
+ * // Extract alpha channel as raw, unsigned 16-bit pixel data from PNG input
+ * const data = await sharp('input.png')
+ *   .ensureAlpha()
+ *   .extractChannel(3)
+ *   .toColourspace('b-w')
+ *   .raw({ depth: 'ushort' })
+ *   .toBuffer();
+ *
+ * @param {Object} [options] - output options
+ * @param {string} [options.depth='uchar'] - bit depth, one of: char, uchar (default), short, ushort, int, uint, float, complex, double, dpcomplex
+ * @throws {Error} Invalid options
  */
-function raw () {
+function raw (options) {
+  if (is.object(options)) {
+    if (is.defined(options.depth)) {
+      if (is.string(options.depth) && is.inArray(options.depth,
+        ['char', 'uchar', 'short', 'ushort', 'int', 'uint', 'float', 'complex', 'double', 'dpcomplex']
+      )) {
+        this.options.rawDepth = options.depth;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('depth', 'one of: char, uchar, short, ushort, int, uint, float, complex, double, dpcomplex', options.depth);
+      }
+    }
+  }
   return this._updateFormatOut('raw');
 }
 
@@ -550,14 +872,17 @@ function raw () {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
- * @param {Number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
- * @param {String|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
- * @param {String} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
- * @param {Number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
- * @param {String} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
- * @param {String} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {number} [options.size=256] tile size in pixels, a value between 1 and 8192.
+ * @param {number} [options.overlap=0] tile overlap in pixels, a value between 0 and 8192.
+ * @param {number} [options.angle=0] tile angle of rotation, must be a multiple of 90.
+ * @param {string|Object} [options.background={r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to white without transparency.
+ * @param {string} [options.depth] how deep to make the pyramid, possible values are `onepixel`, `onetile` or `one`, default based on layout.
+ * @param {number} [options.skipBlanks=-1] threshold to skip tile generation, a value 0 - 255 for 8-bit images or 0 - 65535 for 16-bit images
+ * @param {string} [options.container='fs'] tile container, with value `fs` (filesystem) or `zip` (compressed file).
+ * @param {string} [options.layout='dz'] filesystem layout, possible values are `dz`, `iiif`, `zoomify` or `google`.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.centre=false] centre image in tile.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.center=false] alternative spelling of centre.
+ * @param {string} [options.id='https://example.com/iiif'] when `layout` is `iiif`, sets the `@id` attribute of `info.json`
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -592,10 +917,10 @@ function tile (options) {
     }
     // Layout
     if (is.defined(options.layout)) {
-      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'zoomify'])) {
+      if (is.string(options.layout) && is.inArray(options.layout, ['dz', 'google', 'iiif', 'zoomify'])) {
         this.options.tileLayout = options.layout;
       } else {
-        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, zoomify', options.layout);
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('layout', 'one of: dz, google, iiif, zoomify', options.layout);
       }
     }
     // Angle of rotation,
@@ -626,6 +951,19 @@ function tile (options) {
     } else if (is.defined(options.layout) && options.layout === 'google') {
       this.options.tileSkipBlanks = 5;
     }
+    // Center image in tile
+    const centre = is.bool(options.center) ? options.center : options.centre;
+    if (is.defined(centre)) {
+      this._setBooleanOption('tileCentre', centre);
+    }
+    // @id attribute for IIIF layout
+    if (is.defined(options.id)) {
+      if (is.string(options.id)) {
+        this.options.tileId = options.id;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('id', 'string', options.id);
+      }
+    }
   }
   // Format
   if (is.inArray(this.options.formatOut, ['jpeg', 'png', 'webp'])) {
@@ -640,9 +978,9 @@ function tile (options) {
  * Update the output format unless options.force is false,
  * in which case revert to input format.
  * @private
- * @param {String} formatOut
+ * @param {string} formatOut
  * @param {Object} [options]
- * @param {Boolean} [options.force=true] - force output format, otherwise attempt to use input format
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force=true] - force output format, otherwise attempt to use input format
  * @returns {Sharp}
  */
 function _updateFormatOut (formatOut, options) {
@@ -653,10 +991,10 @@ function _updateFormatOut (formatOut, options) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Update a Boolean attribute of the this.options Object.
+ * Update a boolean attribute of the this.options Object.
  * @private
- * @param {String} key
- * @param {Boolean} val
+ * @param {string} key
+ * @param {boolean} val
  * @throws {Error} Invalid key
  */
 function _setBooleanOption (key, val) {
@@ -781,10 +1119,13 @@ module.exports = function (Sharp) {
     withMetadata,
     toFormat,
     jpeg,
+    jp2,
     png,
     webp,
     tiff,
+    avif,
     heif,
+    gif,
     raw,
     tile,
     // Private

lib/platform.js

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ module.exports = function () {
   const platformId = [`${platform}${libc}`];
 
   if (arch === 'arm') {
-    platformId.push(`armv${env.npm_config_arm_version || process.config.variables.arm_version || '6'}`);
+    const fallback = process.versions.electron ? '7' : '6';
+    platformId.push(`armv${env.npm_config_arm_version || process.config.variables.arm_version || fallback}`);
   } else if (arch === 'arm64') {
     platformId.push(`arm64v${env.npm_config_arm_version || '8'}`);
   } else {

lib/resize.js

@@ -85,21 +85,30 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
   outside: 'min'
 };
 
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+function isRotationExpected (options) {
+  return (options.angle % 360) !== 0 || options.useExifOrientation === true || options.rotationAngle !== 0;
+}
+
 /**
  * Resize image to `width`, `height` or `width x height`.
  *
  * When both a `width` and `height` are provided, the possible methods by which the image should **fit** these are:
- * - `cover`: Crop to cover both provided dimensions (the default).
- * - `contain`: Embed within both provided dimensions.
+ * - `cover`: (default) Preserving aspect ratio, ensure the image covers both provided dimensions by cropping/clipping to fit.
+ * - `contain`: Preserving aspect ratio, contain within both provided dimensions using "letterboxing" where necessary.
  * - `fill`: Ignore the aspect ratio of the input and stretch to both provided dimensions.
  * - `inside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as large as possible while ensuring its dimensions are less than or equal to both those specified.
  * - `outside`: Preserving aspect ratio, resize the image to be as small as possible while ensuring its dimensions are greater than or equal to both those specified.
+ *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-fit](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-fit) CSS property.
  *
  * When using a `fit` of `cover` or `contain`, the default **position** is `centre`. Other options are:
  * - `sharp.position`: `top`, `right top`, `right`, `right bottom`, `bottom`, `left bottom`, `left`, `left top`.
  * - `sharp.gravity`: `north`, `northeast`, `east`, `southeast`, `south`, `southwest`, `west`, `northwest`, `center` or `centre`.
  * - `sharp.strategy`: `cover` only, dynamically crop using either the `entropy` or `attention` strategy.
+ *
  * Some of these values are based on the [object-position](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/object-position) CSS property.
  *
  * The experimental strategy-based approach resizes so one dimension is at its target length
@@ -181,8 +190,8 @@ const mapFitToCanvas = {
  *     .toBuffer()
  *   );
  *
- * @param {Number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
- * @param {Number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
+ * @param {number} [width] - pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the width to match the height.
+ * @param {number} [height] - pixels high the resultant image should be. Use `null` or `undefined` to auto-scale the height to match the width.
  * @param {Object} [options]
  * @param {String} [options.width] - alternative means of specifying `width`. If both are present this take priority.
  * @param {String} [options.height] - alternative means of specifying `height`. If both are present this take priority.
@@ -293,11 +302,20 @@ function resize (width, height, options) {
  *   })
  *   ...
  *
- * @param {(Number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
- * @param {Number} [extend.top]
- * @param {Number} [extend.left]
- * @param {Number} [extend.bottom]
- * @param {Number} [extend.right]
+* @example
+ * // Add a row of 10 red pixels to the bottom
+ * sharp(input)
+ *   .extend({
+ *     bottom: 10,
+ *     background: 'red'
+ *   })
+ *   ...
+ *
+ * @param {(number|Object)} extend - single pixel count to add to all edges or an Object with per-edge counts
+ * @param {number} [extend.top=0]
+ * @param {number} [extend.left=0]
+ * @param {number} [extend.bottom=0]
+ * @param {number} [extend.right=0]
  * @param {String|Object} [extend.background={r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, alpha: 1}] - background colour, parsed by the [color](https://www.npmjs.org/package/color) module, defaults to black without transparency.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
@@ -308,17 +326,35 @@ function extend (extend) {
     this.options.extendBottom = extend;
     this.options.extendLeft = extend;
     this.options.extendRight = extend;
-  } else if (
-    is.object(extend) &&
-    is.integer(extend.top) && extend.top >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.bottom) && extend.bottom >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.left) && extend.left >= 0 &&
-    is.integer(extend.right) && extend.right >= 0
-  ) {
-    this.options.extendTop = extend.top;
-    this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
-    this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
-    this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
+  } else if (is.object(extend)) {
+    if (is.defined(extend.top)) {
+      if (is.integer(extend.top) && extend.top >= 0) {
+        this.options.extendTop = extend.top;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('top', 'positive integer', extend.top);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(extend.bottom)) {
+      if (is.integer(extend.bottom) && extend.bottom >= 0) {
+        this.options.extendBottom = extend.bottom;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('bottom', 'positive integer', extend.bottom);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(extend.left)) {
+      if (is.integer(extend.left) && extend.left >= 0) {
+        this.options.extendLeft = extend.left;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('left', 'positive integer', extend.left);
+      }
+    }
+    if (is.defined(extend.right)) {
+      if (is.integer(extend.right) && extend.right >= 0) {
+        this.options.extendRight = extend.right;
+      } else {
+        throw is.invalidParameterError('right', 'positive integer', extend.right);
+      }
+    }
     this._setBackgroundColourOption('extendBackground', extend.background);
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('extend', 'integer or object', extend);
@@ -327,7 +363,7 @@ function extend (extend) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Extract a region of the image.
+ * Extract/crop a region of the image.
  *
  * - Use `extract` before `resize` for pre-resize extraction.
  * - Use `extract` after `resize` for post-resize extraction.
@@ -349,10 +385,10 @@ function extend (extend) {
  *   });
  *
  * @param {Object} options - describes the region to extract using integral pixel values
- * @param {Number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
- * @param {Number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
- * @param {Number} options.width - width of region to extract
- * @param {Number} options.height - height of region to extract
+ * @param {number} options.left - zero-indexed offset from left edge
+ * @param {number} options.top - zero-indexed offset from top edge
+ * @param {number} options.width - width of region to extract
+ * @param {number} options.height - height of region to extract
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -367,7 +403,7 @@ function extract (options) {
     }
   }, this);
   // Ensure existing rotation occurs before pre-resize extraction
-  if (suffix === 'Pre' && ((this.options.angle % 360) !== 0 || this.options.useExifOrientation === true || this.options.rotationAngle !== 0)) {
+  if (suffix === 'Pre' && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
     this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
   }
   return this;
@@ -377,9 +413,10 @@ function extract (options) {
  * Trim "boring" pixels from all edges that contain values similar to the top-left pixel.
  * Images consisting entirely of a single colour will calculate "boring" using the alpha channel, if any.
  *
- * The `info` response Object will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
+ * The `info` response Object, obtained from callback of `.toFile()` or `.toBuffer()`,
+ * will contain `trimOffsetLeft` and `trimOffsetTop` properties.
  *
- * @param {Number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
+ * @param {number} [threshold=10] the allowed difference from the top-left pixel, a number greater than zero.
  * @returns {Sharp}
  * @throws {Error} Invalid parameters
  */
@@ -391,6 +428,9 @@ function trim (threshold) {
   } else {
     throw is.invalidParameterError('threshold', 'number greater than zero', threshold);
   }
+  if (this.options.trimThreshold && isRotationExpected(this.options)) {
+    this.options.rotateBeforePreExtract = true;
+  }
   return this;
 }
 

lib/sharp.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const platformAndArch = require('./platform')();
+
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+try {
+  module.exports = require(`../build/Release/sharp-${platformAndArch}.node`);
+} catch (err) {
+  // Bail early if bindings aren't available
+  const help = ['', 'Something went wrong installing the "sharp" module', '', err.message, '', 'Possible solutions:'];
+  if (/dylib/.test(err.message) && /Incompatible library version/.test(err.message)) {
+    help.push('- Update Homebrew: "brew update && brew upgrade vips"');
+  } else {
+    help.push(
+      '- Install with the --verbose flag and look for errors: "npm install --ignore-scripts=false --verbose sharp"',
+      `- Install for the current runtime: "npm install --platform=${process.platform} --arch=${process.arch} sharp"`
+    );
+  }
+  help.push(
+    '- Consult the installation documentation: https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install'
+  );
+  console.error(help.join('\n'));
+  process.exit(1);
+}

lib/utility.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const events = require('events');
+const detectLibc = require('detect-libc');
+
 const is = require('./is');
-const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
+const sharp = require('./sharp');
 
 /**
  * An Object containing nested boolean values representing the available input and output formats/methods.
@@ -13,6 +15,26 @@ const sharp = require('../build/Release/sharp.node');
  */
 const format = sharp.format();
 
+/**
+ * An Object containing the available interpolators and their proper values
+ * @readonly
+ * @enum {string}
+ */
+const interpolators = {
+  /** [Nearest neighbour interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_interpolation). Suitable for image enlargement only. */
+  nearest: 'nearest',
+  /** [Bilinear interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation). Faster than bicubic but with less smooth results. */
+  bilinear: 'bilinear',
+  /** [Bicubic interpolation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation) (the default). */
+  bicubic: 'bicubic',
+  /** [LBB interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/lbb.cpp#L100). Prevents some "[acutance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acutance)" but typically reduces performance by a factor of 2. */
+  locallyBoundedBicubic: 'lbb',
+  /** [Nohalo interpolation](http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268086/). Prevents acutance but typically reduces performance by a factor of 3. */
+  nohalo: 'nohalo',
+  /** [VSQBS interpolation](https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips/blob/master/libvips/resample/vsqbs.cpp#L48). Prevents "staircasing" when enlarging. */
+  vertexSplitQuadraticBasisSpline: 'vsqbs'
+};
+
 /**
  * An Object containing the version numbers of libvips and its dependencies.
  * @member
@@ -23,7 +45,7 @@ let versions = {
   vips: sharp.libvipsVersion()
 };
 try {
-  versions = require('../vendor/versions.json');
+  versions = require(`../vendor/${versions.vips}/versions.json`);
 } catch (err) {}
 
 /**
@@ -39,10 +61,10 @@ try {
  * sharp.cache( { files: 0 } );
  * sharp.cache(false);
  *
- * @param {Object|Boolean} [options=true] - Object with the following attributes, or Boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching
- * @param {Number} [options.memory=50] - is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache
- * @param {Number} [options.files=20] - is the maximum number of files to hold open
- * @param {Number} [options.items=100] - is the maximum number of operations to cache
+ * @param {Object|boolean} [options=true] - Object with the following attributes, or boolean where true uses default cache settings and false removes all caching
+ * @param {number} [options.memory=50] - is the maximum memory in MB to use for this cache
+ * @param {number} [options.files=20] - is the maximum number of files to hold open
+ * @param {number} [options.items=100] - is the maximum number of operations to cache
  * @returns {Object}
  */
 function cache (options) {
@@ -64,8 +86,12 @@ cache(true);
 /**
  * Gets or, when a concurrency is provided, sets
  * the number of threads _libvips'_ should create to process each image.
- * The default value is the number of CPU cores.
- * A value of `0` will reset to this default.
+ *
+ * The default value is the number of CPU cores,
+ * except when using glibc-based Linux without jemalloc,
+ * where the default is `1` to help reduce memory fragmentation.
+ *
+ * A value of `0` will reset this to the number of CPU cores.
  *
  * The maximum number of images that can be processed in parallel
  * is limited by libuv's `UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE` environment variable.
@@ -77,12 +103,17 @@ cache(true);
  * sharp.concurrency(2); // 2
  * sharp.concurrency(0); // 4
  *
- * @param {Number} [concurrency]
- * @returns {Number} concurrency
+ * @param {number} [concurrency]
+ * @returns {number} concurrency
  */
 function concurrency (concurrency) {
   return sharp.concurrency(is.integer(concurrency) ? concurrency : null);
 }
+/* istanbul ignore next */
+if (detectLibc.family === detectLibc.GLIBC && !sharp._isUsingJemalloc()) {
+  // Reduce default concurrency to 1 when using glibc memory allocator
+  sharp.concurrency(1);
+}
 
 /**
  * An EventEmitter that emits a `change` event when a task is either:
@@ -124,8 +155,8 @@ function counters () {
  * const simd = sharp.simd(false);
  * // prevent libvips from using liborc at runtime
  *
- * @param {Boolean} [simd=true]
- * @returns {Boolean}
+ * @param {boolean} [simd=true]
+ * @returns {boolean}
  */
 function simd (simd) {
   return sharp.simd(is.bool(simd) ? simd : null);
@@ -137,15 +168,12 @@ simd(true);
  * @private
  */
 module.exports = function (Sharp) {
-  [
-    cache,
-    concurrency,
-    counters,
-    simd
-  ].forEach(function (f) {
-    Sharp[f.name] = f;
-  });
+  Sharp.cache = cache;
+  Sharp.concurrency = concurrency;
+  Sharp.counters = counters;
+  Sharp.simd = simd;
   Sharp.format = format;
+  Sharp.interpolators = interpolators;
   Sharp.versions = versions;
   Sharp.queue = queue;
 };

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "sharp",
-  "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF images",
-  "version": "0.24.1",
+  "description": "High performance Node.js image processing, the fastest module to resize JPEG, PNG, WebP, AVIF and TIFF images",
+  "version": "0.29.1",
   "author": "Lovell Fuller <npm@lovell.info>",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/lovell/sharp",
   "contributors": [
@@ -65,17 +65,32 @@
     "Andargor <andargor@yahoo.com>",
     "Paul Neave <paul.neave@gmail.com>",
     "Brendan Kennedy <brenwken@gmail.com>",
-    "Brychan Bennett-Odlum <git@brychan.io>"
+    "Brychan Bennett-Odlum <git@brychan.io>",
+    "Edward Silverton <e.silverton@gmail.com>",
+    "Roman Malieiev <aromaleev@gmail.com>",
+    "Tomas Szabo <tomas.szabo@deftomat.com>",
+    "Robert O'Rourke <robert@o-rourke.org>",
+    "Guillermo Alfonso Varela Chouciño <guillevch@gmail.com>",
+    "Christian Flintrup <chr@gigahost.dk>",
+    "Manan Jadhav <manan@motionden.com>",
+    "Leon Radley <leon@radley.se>",
+    "alza54 <alza54@thiocod.in>",
+    "Jacob Smith <jacob@frende.me>",
+    "Michael Nutt <michael@nutt.im>",
+    "Brad Parham <baparham@gmail.com>",
+    "Taneli Vatanen <taneli.vatanen@gmail.com>",
+    "Joris Dugué <zaruike10@gmail.com>"
   ],
   "scripts": {
-    "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
+    "install": "(node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node install/can-compile && node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)",
     "clean": "rm -rf node_modules/ build/ vendor/ .nyc_output/ coverage/ test/fixtures/output.*",
-    "test": "semistandard && cpplint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing && prebuild-ci",
-    "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=5000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
+    "test": "npm run test-lint && npm run test-unit && npm run test-licensing",
+    "test-lint": "semistandard && cpplint",
+    "test-unit": "nyc --reporter=lcov --branches=99 mocha --slow=1000 --timeout=60000 ./test/unit/*.js",
     "test-licensing": "license-checker --production --summary --onlyAllow=\"Apache-2.0;BSD;ISC;MIT\"",
     "test-coverage": "./test/coverage/report.sh",
     "test-leak": "./test/leak/leak.sh",
-    "docs-build": "for m in constructor input resize composite operation colour channel output utility; do documentation build --shallow --format=md --markdown-toc=false lib/$m.js >docs/api-$m.md; done",
+    "docs-build": "documentation lint lib && node docs/build && node docs/search-index/build",
     "docs-serve": "cd docs && npx serve",
     "docs-publish": "cd docs && npx firebase-tools deploy --project pixelplumbing --only hosting:pixelplumbing-sharp"
   },
@@ -94,9 +109,11 @@
     "jpeg",
     "png",
     "webp",
+    "avif",
     "tiff",
     "gif",
     "svg",
+    "jp2",
     "dzi",
     "image",
     "resize",
@@ -107,42 +124,47 @@
     "vips"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
-    "color": "^3.1.2",
+    "color": "^4.0.1",
     "detect-libc": "^1.0.3",
-    "nan": "^2.14.0",
-    "npmlog": "^4.1.2",
-    "prebuild-install": "^5.3.3",
-    "semver": "^7.1.3",
+    "node-addon-api": "^4.1.0",
+    "prebuild-install": "^6.1.4",
+    "semver": "^7.3.5",
     "simple-get": "^3.1.0",
-    "tar": "^6.0.1",
+    "tar-fs": "^2.1.1",
     "tunnel-agent": "^0.6.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^3.1.1",
-    "cc": "^2.0.1",
-    "decompress-zip": "^0.3.2",
-    "documentation": "^12.1.4",
+    "async": "^3.2.1",
+    "cc": "^3.0.1",
+    "decompress-zip": "^0.3.3",
+    "documentation": "^13.2.5",
     "exif-reader": "^1.0.3",
-    "icc": "^1.0.0",
+    "icc": "^2.0.0",
     "license-checker": "^25.0.1",
-    "mocha": "^7.0.1",
-    "mock-fs": "^4.10.4",
-    "nyc": "^15.0.0",
-    "prebuild": "^10.0.0",
-    "prebuild-ci": "^3.1.0",
+    "mocha": "^9.1.1",
+    "mock-fs": "^5.0.0",
+    "nyc": "^15.1.0",
+    "prebuild": "^10.0.1",
     "rimraf": "^3.0.2",
-    "semistandard": "^14.2.0"
+    "semistandard": "^16.0.1"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "config": {
-    "libvips": "8.9.0"
+    "libvips": "8.11.3",
+    "runtime": "napi",
+    "target": 5
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=10.13.0"
+    "node": ">=12.13.0"
   },
   "funding": {
     "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
   },
+  "binary": {
+    "napi_versions": [
+      5
+    ]
+  },
   "semistandard": {
     "env": [
       "mocha"

src/common.cc

@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
+#include <map>
 #include <mutex>  // NOLINT(build/c++11)
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <node_buffer.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -30,66 +29,109 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::Has(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
+  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
+  bool HasAttr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Has(attr);
   }
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return *Nan::Utf8String(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked());
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::String>();
   }
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> background = AttrAs<v8::Object>(obj, attr);
-    std::vector<double> rgba(4);
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-      rgba[i] = AttrTo<double>(background, i);
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::String>();
+  }
+  uint32_t AttrAsUint32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value();
+  }
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+  }
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value();
+  }
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+  }
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+  }
+  bool AttrAsBool(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    return obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Boolean>().Value();
+  }
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsVectorOfDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    Napi::Array napiArray = obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Array>();
+    std::vector<double> vectorOfDouble(napiArray.Length());
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < napiArray.Length(); i++) {
+      vectorOfDouble[i] = AttrAsDouble(napiArray, i);
     }
-    return rgba;
+    return vectorOfDouble;
+  }
+  std::vector<int32_t> AttrAsInt32Vector(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr) {
+    Napi::Array array = obj.Get(attr).As<Napi::Array>();
+    std::vector<int32_t> vector(array.Length());
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < array.Length(); i++) {
+      vector[i] = AttrAsInt32(array, i);
+    }
+    return vector;
   }
 
-  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
-  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist
-  ) {
-    Nan::HandleScope();
+  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
+  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input) {
     InputDescriptor *descriptor = new InputDescriptor;
     if (HasAttr(input, "file")) {
       descriptor->file = AttrAsStr(input, "file");
     } else if (HasAttr(input, "buffer")) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> buffer = AttrAs<v8::Object>(input, "buffer");
-      descriptor->bufferLength = node::Buffer::Length(buffer);
-      descriptor->buffer = node::Buffer::Data(buffer);
+      Napi::Buffer<char> buffer = input.Get("buffer").As<Napi::Buffer<char>>();
+      descriptor->bufferLength = buffer.Length();
+      descriptor->buffer = buffer.Data();
       descriptor->isBuffer = TRUE;
-      buffersToPersist.push_back(buffer);
     }
-    descriptor->failOnError = AttrTo<bool>(input, "failOnError");
+    descriptor->failOnError = AttrAsBool(input, "failOnError");
     // Density for vector-based input
     if (HasAttr(input, "density")) {
-      descriptor->density = AttrTo<double>(input, "density");
+      descriptor->density = AttrAsDouble(input, "density");
     }
     // Raw pixel input
     if (HasAttr(input, "rawChannels")) {
-      descriptor->rawChannels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawChannels");
-      descriptor->rawWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawWidth");
-      descriptor->rawHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "rawHeight");
+      descriptor->rawDepth = static_cast<VipsBandFormat>(
+        vips_enum_from_nick(nullptr, VIPS_TYPE_BAND_FORMAT,
+        AttrAsStr(input, "rawDepth").data()));
+      descriptor->rawChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawChannels");
+      descriptor->rawWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawWidth");
+      descriptor->rawHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "rawHeight");
+      descriptor->rawPremultiplied = AttrAsBool(input, "rawPremultiplied");
     }
     // Multi-page input (GIF, TIFF, PDF)
     if (HasAttr(input, "pages")) {
-      descriptor->pages = AttrTo<int32_t>(input, "pages");
+      descriptor->pages = AttrAsInt32(input, "pages");
     }
     if (HasAttr(input, "page")) {
-      descriptor->page = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "page");
+      descriptor->page = AttrAsUint32(input, "page");
+    }
+    // Multi-level input (OpenSlide)
+    if (HasAttr(input, "level")) {
+      descriptor->level = AttrAsUint32(input, "level");
+    }
+    // subIFD (OME-TIFF)
+    if (HasAttr(input, "subifd")) {
+      descriptor->subifd = AttrAsInt32(input, "subifd");
     }
     // Create new image
     if (HasAttr(input, "createChannels")) {
-      descriptor->createChannels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createChannels");
-      descriptor->createWidth = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createWidth");
-      descriptor->createHeight = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "createHeight");
-      descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsRgba(input, "createBackground");
+      descriptor->createChannels = AttrAsUint32(input, "createChannels");
+      descriptor->createWidth = AttrAsUint32(input, "createWidth");
+      descriptor->createHeight = AttrAsUint32(input, "createHeight");
+      if (HasAttr(input, "createNoiseType")) {
+        descriptor->createNoiseType = AttrAsStr(input, "createNoiseType");
+        descriptor->createNoiseMean = AttrAsDouble(input, "createNoiseMean");
+        descriptor->createNoiseSigma = AttrAsDouble(input, "createNoiseSigma");
+      } else {
+        descriptor->createBackground = AttrAsVectorOfDouble(input, "createBackground");
+      }
     }
     // Limit input images to a given number of pixels, where pixels = width * height
-    descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrTo<uint32_t>(input, "limitInputPixels");
+    descriptor->limitInputPixels = AttrAsUint32(input, "limitInputPixels");
     // Allow switch from random to sequential access
-    descriptor->access = AttrTo<bool>(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
+    descriptor->access = AttrAsBool(input, "sequentialRead") ? VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL : VIPS_ACCESS_RANDOM;
     return descriptor;
   }
 
@@ -112,6 +154,13 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsWebp(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".webp") || EndsWith(str, ".WEBP");
   }
+  bool IsGif(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".gif") || EndsWith(str, ".GIF");
+  }
+  bool IsJp2(std::string const &str) {
+    return EndsWith(str, ".jp2") || EndsWith(str, ".jpx") || EndsWith(str, ".j2k") || EndsWith(str, ".j2c")
+      || EndsWith(str, ".JP2") || EndsWith(str, ".JPX") || EndsWith(str, ".J2K") || EndsWith(str, ".J2C");
+  }
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str) {
     return EndsWith(str, ".tif") || EndsWith(str, ".tiff") || EndsWith(str, ".TIF") || EndsWith(str, ".TIFF");
   }
@@ -145,6 +194,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::WEBP: id = "webp"; break;
       case ImageType::TIFF: id = "tiff"; break;
       case ImageType::GIF: id = "gif"; break;
+      case ImageType::JP2: id = "jp2"; break;
       case ImageType::SVG: id = "svg"; break;
       case ImageType::HEIF: id = "heif"; break;
       case ImageType::PDF: id = "pdf"; break;
@@ -152,6 +202,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       case ImageType::OPENSLIDE: id = "openslide"; break;
       case ImageType::PPM: id = "ppm"; break;
       case ImageType::FITS: id = "fits"; break;
+      case ImageType::EXR: id = "exr"; break;
       case ImageType::VIPS: id = "vips"; break;
       case ImageType::RAW: id = "raw"; break;
       case ImageType::UNKNOWN: id = "unknown"; break;
@@ -160,32 +211,57 @@ namespace sharp {
     return id;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Regenerate this table with something like:
+   *
+   * $ vips -l foreign | grep -i load | awk '{ print $2, $1; }'
+   *
+   * Plus a bit of editing.
+   */
+  std::map<std::string, ImageType> loaderToType = {
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJpegFile", ImageType::JPEG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJpegBuffer", ImageType::JPEG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadPngFile", ImageType::PNG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadPngBuffer", ImageType::PNG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadWebpFile", ImageType::WEBP },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadWebpBuffer", ImageType::WEBP },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadTiffFile", ImageType::TIFF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadTiffBuffer", ImageType::TIFF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadGifFile", ImageType::GIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadGifBuffer", ImageType::GIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadNsgifFile", ImageType::GIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadNsgifBuffer", ImageType::GIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJp2kBuffer", ImageType::JP2 },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadJp2kFile", ImageType::JP2 },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadSvgFile", ImageType::SVG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadSvgBuffer", ImageType::SVG },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadHeifFile", ImageType::HEIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadHeifBuffer", ImageType::HEIF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadPdfFile", ImageType::PDF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadPdfBuffer", ImageType::PDF },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadMagickFile", ImageType::MAGICK },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadMagickBuffer", ImageType::MAGICK },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadMagick7File", ImageType::MAGICK },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadMagick7Buffer", ImageType::MAGICK },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadOpenslide", ImageType::OPENSLIDE },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadPpmFile", ImageType::PPM },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadFits", ImageType::FITS },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadOpenexr", ImageType::EXR },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadVips", ImageType::VIPS },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadVipsFile", ImageType::VIPS },
+    { "VipsForeignLoadRaw", ImageType::RAW }
+  };
+
   /*
     Determine image format of a buffer.
   */
   ImageType DetermineImageType(void *buffer, size_t const length) {
     ImageType imageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
     char const *load = vips_foreign_find_load_buffer(buffer, length);
-    if (load != NULL) {
-      std::string const loader = load;
-      if (EndsWith(loader, "JpegBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::JPEG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PngBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::PNG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "WebpBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::WEBP;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "TiffBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::TIFF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "GifBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::GIF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::SVG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::PDF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "MagickBuffer")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::MAGICK;
+    if (load != nullptr) {
+      auto it = loaderToType.find(load);
+      if (it != loaderToType.end()) {
+        imageType = it->second;
       }
     }
     return imageType;
@@ -198,36 +274,12 @@ namespace sharp {
     ImageType imageType = ImageType::UNKNOWN;
     char const *load = vips_foreign_find_load(file);
     if (load != nullptr) {
-      std::string const loader = load;
-      if (EndsWith(loader, "JpegFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::JPEG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PngFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::PNG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "WebpFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::WEBP;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Openslide")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::OPENSLIDE;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "TiffFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::TIFF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "GifFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::GIF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "SvgFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::SVG;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "HeifFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::HEIF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "PdfFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::PDF;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Ppm")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::PPM;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Fits")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::FITS;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Vips")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::VIPS;
-      } else if (EndsWith(loader, "Magick") || EndsWith(loader, "MagickFile")) {
-        imageType = ImageType::MAGICK;
+      auto it = loaderToType.find(load);
+      if (it != loaderToType.end()) {
+        imageType = it->second;
       }
     } else {
-      if (EndsWith(vips::VError().what(), " not found\n")) {
+      if (EndsWith(vips::VError().what(), " does not exist\n")) {
         imageType = ImageType::MISSING;
       }
     }
@@ -239,7 +291,10 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   bool ImageTypeSupportsPage(ImageType imageType) {
     return
+      imageType == ImageType::WEBP ||
+      imageType == ImageType::MAGICK ||
       imageType == ImageType::GIF ||
+      imageType == ImageType::JP2 ||
       imageType == ImageType::TIFF ||
       imageType == ImageType::HEIF ||
       imageType == ImageType::PDF;
@@ -255,12 +310,15 @@ namespace sharp {
       if (descriptor->rawChannels > 0) {
         // Raw, uncompressed pixel data
         image = VImage::new_from_memory(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength,
-          descriptor->rawWidth, descriptor->rawHeight, descriptor->rawChannels, VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+          descriptor->rawWidth, descriptor->rawHeight, descriptor->rawChannels, descriptor->rawDepth);
         if (descriptor->rawChannels < 3) {
           image.get_image()->Type = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W;
         } else {
           image.get_image()->Type = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
         }
+        if (descriptor->rawPremultiplied) {
+          image = image.unpremultiply();
+        }
         imageType = ImageType::RAW;
       } else {
         // Compressed data
@@ -270,6 +328,9 @@ namespace sharp {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
+            }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
@@ -280,6 +341,12 @@ namespace sharp {
               option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
               option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
+              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
+            }
             image = VImage::new_from_buffer(descriptor->buffer, descriptor->bufferLength, nullptr, option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
@@ -294,15 +361,35 @@ namespace sharp {
     } else {
       if (descriptor->createChannels > 0) {
         // Create new image
-        std::vector<double> background = {
-          descriptor->createBackground[0],
-          descriptor->createBackground[1],
-          descriptor->createBackground[2]
-        };
-        if (descriptor->createChannels == 4) {
-          background.push_back(descriptor->createBackground[3]);
+        if (descriptor->createNoiseType == "gaussian") {
+          int const channels = descriptor->createChannels;
+          image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight);
+          std::vector<VImage> bands = {};
+          bands.reserve(channels);
+          for (int _band = 0; _band < channels; _band++) {
+            bands.push_back(image.gaussnoise(
+              descriptor->createWidth,
+              descriptor->createHeight,
+              VImage::option()->set("mean", descriptor->createNoiseMean)->set("sigma", descriptor->createNoiseSigma)));
+          }
+          image = image.bandjoin(bands);
+          image = image.cast(VipsBandFormat::VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR);
+          if (channels < 3) {
+            image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W);
+          } else {
+            image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
+          }
+        } else {
+          std::vector<double> background = {
+            descriptor->createBackground[0],
+            descriptor->createBackground[1],
+            descriptor->createBackground[2]
+          };
+          if (descriptor->createChannels == 4) {
+            background.push_back(descriptor->createBackground[3]);
+          }
+          image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight).new_from_image(background);
         }
-        image = VImage::new_matrix(descriptor->createWidth, descriptor->createHeight).new_from_image(background);
         image.get_image()->Type = VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB;
         imageType = ImageType::RAW;
       } else {
@@ -316,6 +403,9 @@ namespace sharp {
             vips::VOption *option = VImage::option()
               ->set("access", descriptor->access)
               ->set("fail", descriptor->failOnError);
+            if (imageType == ImageType::SVG) {
+              option->set("unlimited", TRUE);
+            }
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF) {
               option->set("dpi", descriptor->density);
             }
@@ -326,6 +416,12 @@ namespace sharp {
               option->set("n", descriptor->pages);
               option->set("page", descriptor->page);
             }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::OPENSLIDE) {
+              option->set("level", descriptor->level);
+            }
+            if (imageType == ImageType::TIFF) {
+              option->set("subifd", descriptor->subifd);
+            }
             image = VImage::new_from_file(descriptor->file.data(), option);
             if (imageType == ImageType::SVG || imageType == ImageType::PDF || imageType == ImageType::MAGICK) {
               image = SetDensity(image, descriptor->density);
@@ -358,12 +454,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     Uses colour space interpretation with number of channels to guess this.
   */
   bool HasAlpha(VImage image) {
-    int const bands = image.bands();
-    VipsInterpretation const interpretation = image.interpretation();
-    return (
-      (bands == 2 && interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W) ||
-      (bands == 4 && interpretation != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK) ||
-      (bands == 5 && interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_CMYK));
+    return image.has_alpha();
   }
 
   /*
@@ -395,6 +486,49 @@ namespace sharp {
     return copy;
   }
 
+  /*
+    Set animation properties if necessary.
+    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
+  */
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop) {
+    bool hasDelay = delay.size() != 1 || delay.front() != -1;
+
+    if (pageHeight == 0 && image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT) {
+      pageHeight = image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
+    }
+
+    if (!hasDelay && image.get_typeof("delay") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_INT) {
+      delay = image.get_array_int("delay");
+      hasDelay = true;
+    }
+
+    if (loop == -1 && image.get_typeof("loop") == G_TYPE_INT) {
+      loop = image.get_int("loop");
+    }
+
+    if (pageHeight == 0) return image;
+
+    // It is necessary to create the copy as otherwise, pageHeight will be ignored!
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+
+    copy.set(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT, pageHeight);
+    if (hasDelay) copy.set("delay", delay);
+    if (loop != -1) copy.set("loop", loop);
+
+    return copy;
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Remove animation properties from image.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAnimationProperties(VImage image) {
+    VImage copy = image.copy();
+    copy.remove(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT);
+    copy.remove("delay");
+    copy.remove("loop");
+    return copy;
+  }
+
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
   */
@@ -415,9 +549,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage SetDensity(VImage image, const double density) {
     const double pixelsPerMm = density / 25.4;
     VImage copy = image.copy();
-    copy.set("Xres", pixelsPerMm);
-    copy.set("Yres", pixelsPerMm);
-    copy.set(VIPS_META_RESOLUTION_UNIT, "in");
+    copy.get_image()->Xres = pixelsPerMm;
+    copy.get_image()->Yres = pixelsPerMm;
     return copy;
   }
 
@@ -425,25 +558,30 @@ namespace sharp {
     Check the proposed format supports the current dimensions.
   */
   void AssertImageTypeDimensions(VImage image, ImageType const imageType) {
+    const int height = image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT) == G_TYPE_INT
+      ? image.get_int(VIPS_META_PAGE_HEIGHT)
+      : image.height();
     if (imageType == ImageType::JPEG) {
-      if (image.width() > 65535 || image.height() > 65535) {
+      if (image.width() > 65535 || height > 65535) {
         throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the JPEG format");
       }
     } else if (imageType == ImageType::WEBP) {
-      if (image.width() > 16383 || image.height() > 16383) {
+      if (image.width() > 16383 || height > 16383) {
         throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the WebP format");
       }
+    } else if (imageType == ImageType::GIF) {
+      if (image.width() > 65535 || height > 65535) {
+        throw vips::VError("Processed image is too large for the GIF format");
+      }
     }
   }
 
   /*
     Called when a Buffer undergoes GC, required to support mixed runtime libraries in Windows
   */
-  void FreeCallback(char* data, void* hint) {
-    if (data != nullptr) {
-      g_free(data);
-    }
-  }
+  std::function<void(void*, char*)> FreeCallback = [](void*, char* data) {
+    g_free(data);
+  };
 
   /*
     Temporary buffer of warnings
@@ -591,26 +729,18 @@ namespace sharp {
     int top = 0;
 
     // assign only if valid
-    if (x >= 0 && x < (inWidth - outWidth)) {
+    if (x < (inWidth - outWidth)) {
       left = x;
     } else if (x >= (inWidth - outWidth)) {
       left = inWidth - outWidth;
     }
 
-    if (y >= 0 && y < (inHeight - outHeight)) {
+    if (y < (inHeight - outHeight)) {
       top = y;
     } else if (y >= (inHeight - outHeight)) {
       top = inHeight - outHeight;
     }
 
-    // the resulting left and top could have been outside the image after calculation from bottom/right edges
-    if (left < 0) {
-      left = 0;
-    }
-    if (top < 0) {
-      top = 0;
-    }
-
     return std::make_tuple(left, top);
   }
 
@@ -648,23 +778,27 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
-  std::vector<double> GetRgbaAsColourspace(std::vector<double> const rgba, VipsInterpretation const interpretation) {
+  std::vector<double> GetRgbaAsColourspace(std::vector<double> const rgba,
+    VipsInterpretation const interpretation, bool premultiply) {
     int const bands = static_cast<int>(rgba.size());
-    if (bands < 3 || interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB || interpretation == VIPS_INTERPRETATION_RGB) {
+    if (bands < 3) {
       return rgba;
-    } else {
-      VImage pixel = VImage::new_matrix(1, 1);
-      pixel.set("bands", bands);
-      pixel = pixel.new_from_image(rgba);
-      pixel = pixel.colourspace(interpretation, VImage::option()->set("source_space", VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB));
-      return pixel(0, 0);
     }
+    VImage pixel = VImage::new_matrix(1, 1);
+    pixel.set("bands", bands);
+    pixel = pixel
+      .new_from_image(rgba)
+      .colourspace(interpretation, VImage::option()->set("source_space", VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB));
+    if (premultiply) {
+      pixel = pixel.premultiply();
+    }
+    return pixel(0, 0);
   }
 
   /*
     Apply the alpha channel to a given colour
   */
-  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour) {
+  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour, bool premultiply) {
     // Scale up 8-bit values to match 16-bit input image
     double const multiplier = sharp::Is16Bit(image.interpretation()) ? 256.0 : 1.0;
     // Create alphaColour colour
@@ -688,7 +822,7 @@ namespace sharp {
       alphaColour.push_back(colour[3] * multiplier);
     }
     // Ensure alphaColour colour uses correct colourspace
-    alphaColour = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(alphaColour, image.interpretation());
+    alphaColour = sharp::GetRgbaAsColourspace(alphaColour, image.interpretation(), premultiply);
     // Add non-transparent alpha channel, if required
     if (colour[3] < 255.0 && !HasAlpha(image)) {
       image = image.bandjoin(
@@ -697,4 +831,26 @@ namespace sharp {
     return std::make_tuple(image, alphaColour);
   }
 
+  /*
+    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image) {
+    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
+      image = image.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
+    }
+    return image;
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Ensures alpha channel, if missing.
+  */
+  VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image, double const value) {
+    if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
+      std::vector<double> alpha;
+      alpha.push_back(value * sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation()));
+      image = image.bandjoin_const(alpha);
+    }
+    return image;
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/common.h

@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 // Verify platform and compiler compatibility
 
-#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 || (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 9))
-#error "libvips version 8.9.0+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
+#if (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION < 11) || \
+  (VIPS_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && VIPS_MINOR_VERSION == 11 && VIPS_MICRO_VERSION < 3)
+#error "libvips version 8.11.3+ is required - please see https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install"
 #endif
 
 #if ((!defined(__clang__)) && defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6)))
@@ -53,15 +54,22 @@ namespace sharp {
     size_t bufferLength;
     bool isBuffer;
     double density;
+    VipsBandFormat rawDepth;
     int rawChannels;
     int rawWidth;
     int rawHeight;
+    bool rawPremultiplied;
     int pages;
     int page;
+    int level;
+    int subifd;
     int createChannels;
     int createWidth;
     int createHeight;
     std::vector<double> createBackground;
+    std::string createNoiseType;
+    double createNoiseMean;
+    double createNoiseSigma;
 
     InputDescriptor():
       buffer(nullptr),
@@ -71,39 +79,44 @@ namespace sharp {
       bufferLength(0),
       isBuffer(FALSE),
       density(72.0),
+      rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
       rawChannels(0),
       rawWidth(0),
       rawHeight(0),
+      rawPremultiplied(false),
       pages(1),
       page(0),
+      level(0),
+      subifd(-1),
       createChannels(0),
       createWidth(0),
       createHeight(0),
-      createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 } {}
+      createBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
+      createNoiseMean(0.0),
+      createNoiseSigma(0.0) {}
   };
 
-  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a v8::Object
-  bool HasAttr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::string AttrAsStr(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  std::vector<double> AttrAsRgba(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr);
-  template<typename T> v8::Local<T> AttrAs(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked().As<T>();
-  }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, std::string attr) {
-    return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, Nan::New(attr).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
-  }
-  template<typename T> T AttrTo(v8::Local<v8::Object> obj, int attr) {
-    return Nan::To<T>(Nan::Get(obj, attr).ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
-  }
+  // Convenience methods to access the attributes of a Napi::Object
+  bool HasAttr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::string AttrAsStr(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr);
+  uint32_t AttrAsUint32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  int32_t AttrAsInt32(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr);
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  double AttrAsDouble(Napi::Object obj, unsigned int const attr);
+  bool AttrAsBool(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::vector<double> AttrAsVectorOfDouble(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
+  std::vector<int32_t> AttrAsInt32Vector(Napi::Object obj, std::string attr);
 
-  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a v8::Object describing an input image
-  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(
-    v8::Local<v8::Object> input, std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> &buffersToPersist);  // NOLINT(runtime/references)
+  // Create an InputDescriptor instance from a Napi::Object describing an input image
+  InputDescriptor* CreateInputDescriptor(Napi::Object input);
 
   enum class ImageType {
     JPEG,
     PNG,
     WEBP,
+    JP2,
     TIFF,
     GIF,
     SVG,
@@ -113,6 +126,7 @@ namespace sharp {
     OPENSLIDE,
     PPM,
     FITS,
+    EXR,
     VIPS,
     RAW,
     UNKNOWN,
@@ -129,6 +143,8 @@ namespace sharp {
   bool IsJpeg(std::string const &str);
   bool IsPng(std::string const &str);
   bool IsWebp(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsJp2(std::string const &str);
+  bool IsGif(std::string const &str);
   bool IsTiff(std::string const &str);
   bool IsHeic(std::string const &str);
   bool IsHeif(std::string const &str);
@@ -188,6 +204,17 @@ namespace sharp {
   */
   VImage RemoveExifOrientation(VImage image);
 
+  /*
+    Set animation properties if necessary.
+    Non-provided properties will be loaded from image.
+  */
+  VImage SetAnimationProperties(VImage image, int pageHeight, std::vector<int> delay, int loop);
+
+  /*
+    Remove animation properties from image.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAnimationProperties(VImage image);
+
   /*
     Does this image have a non-default density?
   */
@@ -211,7 +238,7 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Called when a Buffer undergoes GC, required to support mixed runtime libraries in Windows
   */
-  void FreeCallback(char* data, void* hint);
+  extern std::function<void(void*, char*)> FreeCallback;
 
   /*
     Called with warnings from the glib-registered "VIPS" domain
@@ -268,12 +295,23 @@ namespace sharp {
   /*
     Convert RGBA value to another colourspace
   */
-  std::vector<double> GetRgbaAsColourspace(std::vector<double> const rgba, VipsInterpretation const interpretation);
+  std::vector<double> GetRgbaAsColourspace(std::vector<double> const rgba,
+    VipsInterpretation const interpretation, bool premultiply);
 
   /*
     Apply the alpha channel to a given colour
    */
-  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour);
+  std::tuple<VImage, std::vector<double>> ApplyAlpha(VImage image, std::vector<double> colour, bool premultiply);
+
+  /*
+    Removes alpha channel, if any.
+  */
+  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image);
+
+  /*
+    Ensures alpha channel, if missing.
+  */
+  VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image, double const value);
 
 }  // namespace sharp
 

src/libvips/cplusplus/VConnection.cpp

@@ -110,19 +110,6 @@ VSource::new_from_options( const char *options )
 	return( out ); 
 }
 
-VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, const VSource value )
-{
-	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
-
-	pair->input = true;
-	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_SOURCE );
-	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_source() );
-	options.push_back( pair );
-
-	return( this );
-}
-
 VTarget 
 VTarget::new_to_descriptor( int descriptor )
 {
@@ -162,17 +149,4 @@ VTarget::new_to_memory()
 	return( out ); 
 }
 
-VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, const VTarget value )
-{
-	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
-
-	pair->input = true;
-	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_TARGET );
-	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_target() );
-	options.push_back( pair );
-
-	return( this );
-}
-
 VIPS_NAMESPACE_END

src/libvips/cplusplus/VInterpolate.cpp

@@ -60,17 +60,4 @@ VInterpolate::new_from_name( const char *name, VOption *options )
 	return( out ); 
 }
 
-VOption *
-VOption::set( const char *name, const VInterpolate value )
-{
-	Pair *pair = new Pair( name );
-
-	pair->input = true;
-	g_value_init( &pair->value, VIPS_TYPE_INTERPOLATE );
-	g_value_set_object( &pair->value, value.get_interpolate() );
-	options.push_back( pair );
-
-	return( this );
-}
-
 VIPS_NAMESPACE_END

src/libvips/cplusplus/vips-operators.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // bodies for vips operations
-// Wed 01 Jan 2020 12:22:12 PM CET
+// Wed May 12 11:30:00 AM CEST 2021
 // this file is generated automatically, do not edit!
 
 VImage VImage::CMC2LCh( VOption *options ) const
@@ -754,6 +754,18 @@ VImage VImage::csvload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::csvload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "csvload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::csvsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "csvsave",
@@ -762,6 +774,14 @@ void VImage::csvsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
             set( "filename", filename ) );
 }
 
+void VImage::csvsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "csvsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::dE00( VImage right, VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -1045,6 +1065,18 @@ VImage VImage::fitsload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::fitsload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "fitsload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::fitssave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "fitssave",
@@ -1218,6 +1250,18 @@ VImage VImage::gifload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::gifload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "gifload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::globalbalance( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -1297,6 +1341,18 @@ VImage VImage::heifload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::heifload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "heifload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::heifsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "heifsave",
@@ -1317,6 +1373,14 @@ VipsBlob *VImage::heifsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
     return( buffer );
 }
 
+void VImage::heifsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "heifsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::hist_cum( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -1604,6 +1668,70 @@ VImage VImage::join( VImage in2, VipsDirection direction, VOption *options ) con
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::jp2kload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jp2kload",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "filename", filename ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::jp2kload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jp2kload_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "buffer", buffer ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::jp2kload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jp2kload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+void VImage::jp2ksave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "jp2ksave",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "filename", filename ) );
+}
+
+VipsBlob *VImage::jp2ksave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
+{
+    VipsBlob *buffer;
+
+    call( "jp2ksave_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "buffer", &buffer ) );
+
+    return( buffer );
+}
+
+void VImage::jp2ksave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "jp2ksave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::jpegload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -1675,6 +1803,70 @@ void VImage::jpegsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
             set( "target", target ) );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::jxlload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jxlload",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "filename", filename ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::jxlload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jxlload_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "buffer", buffer ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+VImage VImage::jxlload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "jxlload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
+void VImage::jxlsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "jxlsave",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "filename", filename ) );
+}
+
+VipsBlob *VImage::jxlsave_buffer( VOption *options ) const
+{
+    VipsBlob *buffer;
+
+    call( "jxlsave_buffer",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "buffer", &buffer ) );
+
+    return( buffer );
+}
+
+void VImage::jxlsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "jxlsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::labelregions( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage mask;
@@ -2028,6 +2220,18 @@ VImage VImage::matload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::matrixinvert( VOption *options ) const
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "matrixinvert",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "out", &out ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::matrixload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -2040,6 +2244,18 @@ VImage VImage::matrixload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::matrixload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "matrixload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::matrixprint( VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "matrixprint",
@@ -2055,6 +2271,14 @@ void VImage::matrixsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
             set( "filename", filename ) );
 }
 
+void VImage::matrixsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "matrixsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 double VImage::max( VOption *options ) const
 {
     double out;
@@ -2200,6 +2424,18 @@ VImage VImage::niftiload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::niftiload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "niftiload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::niftisave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "niftisave",
@@ -2232,6 +2468,18 @@ VImage VImage::openslideload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::openslideload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "openslideload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::pdfload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -2256,6 +2504,18 @@ VImage VImage::pdfload_buffer( VipsBlob *buffer, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::pdfload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "pdfload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 int VImage::percent( double percent, VOption *options ) const
 {
     int threshold;
@@ -2371,6 +2631,18 @@ VImage VImage::ppmload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::ppmload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "ppmload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::ppmsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "ppmsave",
@@ -2379,6 +2651,14 @@ void VImage::ppmsave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
             set( "filename", filename ) );
 }
 
+void VImage::ppmsave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "ppmsave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::premultiply( VOption *options ) const
 {
     VImage out;
@@ -3272,6 +3552,18 @@ VImage VImage::vipsload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
     return( out );
 }
 
+VImage VImage::vipsload_source( VSource source, VOption *options )
+{
+    VImage out;
+
+    call( "vipsload_source",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "out", &out )->
+            set( "source", source ) );
+
+    return( out );
+}
+
 void VImage::vipssave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
 {
     call( "vipssave",
@@ -3280,6 +3572,14 @@ void VImage::vipssave( const char *filename, VOption *options ) const
             set( "filename", filename ) );
 }
 
+void VImage::vipssave_target( VTarget target, VOption *options ) const
+{
+    call( "vipssave_target",
+        (options ? options : VImage::option())->
+            set( "in", *this )->
+            set( "target", target ) );
+}
+
 VImage VImage::webpload( const char *filename, VOption *options )
 {
     VImage out;

src/metadata.cc

@@ -15,28 +15,16 @@
 #include <numeric>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "metadata.h"
 
-class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
+class MetadataWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
-  MetadataWorker(
-    Nan::Callback *callback, MetadataBaton *baton, Nan::Callback *debuglog,
-    std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> const buffersToPersist) :
-    Nan::AsyncWorker(callback, "sharp:MetadataWorker"),
-    baton(baton), debuglog(debuglog),
-    buffersToPersist(buffersToPersist) {
-    // Protect Buffer objects from GC, keyed on index
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        SaveToPersistent(index, buffer);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-  }
+  MetadataWorker(Napi::Function callback, MetadataBaton *baton, Napi::Function debuglog) :
+    Napi::AsyncWorker(callback), baton(baton), debuglog(Napi::Persistent(debuglog)) {}
   ~MetadataWorker() {}
 
   void Execute() {
@@ -86,7 +74,25 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
       if (image.get_typeof("heif-primary") == G_TYPE_INT) {
         baton->pagePrimary = image.get_int("heif-primary");
       }
+      if (image.get_typeof("heif-compression") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        baton->compression = image.get_string("heif-compression");
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof("openslide.level-count") == VIPS_TYPE_REF_STRING) {
+        int const levels = std::stoi(image.get_string("openslide.level-count"));
+        for (int l = 0; l < levels; l++) {
+          std::string prefix = "openslide.level[" + std::to_string(l) + "].";
+          int const width = std::stoi(image.get_string((prefix + "width").data()));
+          int const height = std::stoi(image.get_string((prefix + "height").data()));
+          baton->levels.push_back(std::pair<int, int>(width, height));
+        }
+      }
+      if (image.get_typeof(VIPS_META_N_SUBIFDS) == G_TYPE_INT) {
+        baton->subifds = image.get_int(VIPS_META_N_SUBIFDS);
+      }
       baton->hasProfile = sharp::HasProfile(image);
+      if (image.get_typeof("background") == VIPS_TYPE_ARRAY_DOUBLE) {
+        baton->background = image.get_array_double("background");
+      }
       // Derived attributes
       baton->hasAlpha = sharp::HasAlpha(image);
       baton->orientation = sharp::ExifOrientation(image);
@@ -137,140 +143,143 @@ class MetadataWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips_thread_shutdown();
   }
 
-  void HandleOKCallback() {
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    Nan::HandleScope();
-
-    v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[2] = { Nan::Null(), Nan::Null() };
-    if (!baton->err.empty()) {
-      argv[0] = Nan::Error(baton->err.data());
-    } else {
-      // Metadata Object
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> info = New<v8::Object>();
-      Set(info, New("format").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->format).ToLocalChecked());
-      if (baton->input->bufferLength > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("size").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(static_cast<uint32_t>(baton->input->bufferLength)));
-      }
-      Set(info, New("width").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->width));
-      Set(info, New("height").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->height));
-      Set(info, New("space").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->space).ToLocalChecked());
-      Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->channels));
-      Set(info, New("depth").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::String>(baton->depth).ToLocalChecked());
-      if (baton->density > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("density").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->density));
-      }
-      if (!baton->chromaSubsampling.empty()) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("chromaSubsampling").ToLocalChecked(),
-          New<v8::String>(baton->chromaSubsampling).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      Set(info, New("isProgressive").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isProgressive));
-      if (baton->paletteBitDepth > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("paletteBitDepth").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->paletteBitDepth));
-      }
-      if (baton->pages > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("pages").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pages));
-      }
-      if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("pageHeight").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pageHeight));
-      }
-      if (baton->loop >= 0) {
-        Set(info, New("loop").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->loop));
-      }
-      if (!baton->delay.empty()) {
-        int i = 0;
-        v8::Local<v8::Array> delay = New<v8::Array>(baton->delay.size());
-        for (int const d : baton->delay) {
-          Set(delay, i++, New<v8::Number>(d));
-        }
-        Set(info, New("delay").ToLocalChecked(), delay);
-      }
-      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
-        Set(info, New("pagePrimary").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->pagePrimary));
-      }
-      Set(info, New("hasProfile").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasProfile));
-      Set(info, New("hasAlpha").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->hasAlpha));
-      if (baton->orientation > 0) {
-        Set(info, New("orientation").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Uint32>(baton->orientation));
-      }
-      if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("exif").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->iccLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("icc").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->icc, baton->iccLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->iptcLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("iptc").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("xmp").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr).ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
-        Set(info,
-          New("tifftagPhotoshop").ToLocalChecked(),
-          Nan::NewBuffer(baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback, nullptr)
-            .ToLocalChecked());
-      }
-      argv[1] = info;
-    }
-
-    // Dispose of Persistent wrapper around input Buffers so they can be garbage collected
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        GetFromPersistent(index);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-    delete baton->input;
-    delete baton;
+  void OnOK() {
+    Napi::Env env = Env();
+    Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
 
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Value> message[1] = { New(warning).ToLocalChecked() };
-      debuglog->Call(1, message, async_resource);
+      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
-    // Return to JavaScript
-    callback->Call(2, argv, async_resource);
+    if (baton->err.empty()) {
+      Napi::Object info = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      info.Set("format", baton->format);
+      if (baton->input->bufferLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("size", baton->input->bufferLength);
+      }
+      info.Set("width", baton->width);
+      info.Set("height", baton->height);
+      info.Set("space", baton->space);
+      info.Set("channels", baton->channels);
+      info.Set("depth", baton->depth);
+      if (baton->density > 0) {
+        info.Set("density", baton->density);
+      }
+      if (!baton->chromaSubsampling.empty()) {
+        info.Set("chromaSubsampling", baton->chromaSubsampling);
+      }
+      info.Set("isProgressive", baton->isProgressive);
+      if (baton->paletteBitDepth > 0) {
+        info.Set("paletteBitDepth", baton->paletteBitDepth);
+      }
+      if (baton->pages > 0) {
+        info.Set("pages", baton->pages);
+      }
+      if (baton->pageHeight > 0) {
+        info.Set("pageHeight", baton->pageHeight);
+      }
+      if (baton->loop >= 0) {
+        info.Set("loop", baton->loop);
+      }
+      if (!baton->delay.empty()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        Napi::Array delay = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->delay.size()));
+        for (int const d : baton->delay) {
+          delay.Set(i++, d);
+        }
+        info.Set("delay", delay);
+      }
+      if (baton->pagePrimary > -1) {
+        info.Set("pagePrimary", baton->pagePrimary);
+      }
+      if (!baton->compression.empty()) {
+        info.Set("compression", baton->compression);
+      }
+      if (!baton->levels.empty()) {
+        int i = 0;
+        Napi::Array levels = Napi::Array::New(env, static_cast<size_t>(baton->levels.size()));
+        for (std::pair<int, int> const &l : baton->levels) {
+          Napi::Object level = Napi::Object::New(env);
+          level.Set("width", l.first);
+          level.Set("height", l.second);
+          levels.Set(i++, level);
+        }
+        info.Set("levels", levels);
+      }
+      if (baton->subifds > 0) {
+        info.Set("subifds", baton->subifds);
+      }
+      if (!baton->background.empty()) {
+        if (baton->background.size() == 3) {
+          Napi::Object background = Napi::Object::New(env);
+          background.Set("r", baton->background[0]);
+          background.Set("g", baton->background[1]);
+          background.Set("b", baton->background[2]);
+          info.Set("background", background);
+        } else {
+          info.Set("background", baton->background[0]);
+        }
+      }
+      info.Set("hasProfile", baton->hasProfile);
+      info.Set("hasAlpha", baton->hasAlpha);
+      if (baton->orientation > 0) {
+        info.Set("orientation", baton->orientation);
+      }
+      if (baton->exifLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("exif", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->exif, baton->exifLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->iccLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("icc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->icc, baton->iccLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->iptcLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("iptc", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->iptc, baton->iptcLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->xmpLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("xmp", Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->xmp, baton->xmpLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      if (baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength > 0) {
+        info.Set("tifftagPhotoshop",
+          Napi::Buffer<char>::New(env, baton->tifftagPhotoshop, baton->tifftagPhotoshopLength, sharp::FreeCallback));
+      }
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
+    } else {
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+    }
+
+    delete baton->input;
+    delete baton;
   }
 
  private:
   MetadataBaton* baton;
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog;
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
+  Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
 };
 
 /*
   metadata(options, callback)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(metadata) {
-  // Input Buffers must not undergo GC compaction during processing
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
-
+Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   MetadataBaton *baton = new MetadataBaton;
-  v8::Local<v8::Object> options = info[0].As<v8::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
-  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
+  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog = new Nan::Callback(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Function>(options, "debuglog"));
+  Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Nan::Callback *callback = new Nan::Callback(info[1].As<v8::Function>());
-  Nan::AsyncQueueWorker(new MetadataWorker(callback, baton, debuglog, buffersToPersist));
+  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  MetadataWorker *worker = new MetadataWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
+  worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
+  worker->Queue();
 
   // Increment queued task counter
   g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterQueue);
+
+  return info.Env().Undefined();
 }

src/metadata.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define SRC_METADATA_H_
 
 #include <string>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
   int loop;
   std::vector<int> delay;
   int pagePrimary;
+  std::string compression;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> levels;
+  int subifds;
+  std::vector<double> background;
   bool hasProfile;
   bool hasAlpha;
   int orientation;
@@ -66,6 +70,7 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     pageHeight(0),
     loop(-1),
     pagePrimary(-1),
+    subifds(0),
     hasProfile(false),
     hasAlpha(false),
     orientation(0),
@@ -81,6 +86,6 @@ struct MetadataBaton {
     tifftagPhotoshopLength(0) {}
 };
 
-NAN_METHOD(metadata);
+Napi::Value metadata(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_METADATA_H_

src/operations.cc

@@ -27,29 +27,6 @@ using vips::VImage;
 using vips::VError;
 
 namespace sharp {
-
-  /*
-    Removes alpha channel, if any.
-  */
-  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image) {
-    if (HasAlpha(image)) {
-      image = image.extract_band(0, VImage::option()->set("n", image.bands() - 1));
-    }
-    return image;
-  }
-
-  /*
-    Ensures alpha channel, if missing.
-  */
-  VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image) {
-    if (!HasAlpha(image)) {
-      std::vector<double> alpha;
-      alpha.push_back(sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation()));
-      image = image.bandjoin_const(alpha);
-    }
-    return image;
-  }
-
   /*
    * Tint an image using the specified chroma, preserving the original image luminance
    */
@@ -115,6 +92,13 @@ namespace sharp {
     return image;
   }
 
+  /*
+   * Contrast limiting adapative histogram equalization (CLAHE)
+   */
+  VImage Clahe(VImage image, int const width, int const height, int const maxSlope) {
+    return image.hist_local(width, height, VImage::option()->set("max_slope", maxSlope));
+  }
+
   /*
    * Gamma encoding/decoding
    */
@@ -128,6 +112,19 @@ namespace sharp {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Produce the "negative" of the image.
+   */
+  VImage Negate(VImage image, bool const negateAlpha) {
+    if (HasAlpha(image) && !negateAlpha) {
+      // Separate alpha channel
+      VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
+      return RemoveAlpha(image).invert().bandjoin(alpha);
+    } else {
+      return image.invert();
+    }
+  }
+
   /*
    * Gaussian blur. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast blur.
    */
@@ -172,8 +169,8 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &matrix) {
     double *m = matrix.get();
+    image = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
     return image
-      .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
       .recomb(image.bands() == 3
         ? VImage::new_from_memory(
           m, 9 * sizeof(double), 3, 3, 1, VIPS_FORMAT_DOUBLE
@@ -185,7 +182,8 @@ namespace sharp {
           0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
   }
 
-  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation, int const hue) {
+  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation,
+                  int const hue, double const lightness) {
     if (HasAlpha(image)) {
       // Separate alpha channel
       VImage alpha = image[image.bands() - 1];
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
         .linear(
           { brightness, saturation, 1},
-          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+          { lightness, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
         )
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
         .bandjoin(alpha);
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ namespace sharp {
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LCH)
         .linear(
           { brightness, saturation, 1 },
-          { 0.0, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
+          { lightness, 0.0, static_cast<double>(hue) }
         )
         .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB);
     }
@@ -298,4 +296,16 @@ namespace sharp {
       return image.linear(a, b);
     }
   }
+
+  /*
+   * Ensure the image is in a given colourspace
+   */
+  VImage EnsureColourspace(VImage image, VipsInterpretation colourspace) {
+    if (colourspace != VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST && image.interpretation() != colourspace) {
+      image = image.colourspace(colourspace,
+        VImage::option()->set("source_space", image.interpretation()));
+    }
+    return image;
+  }
+
 }  // namespace sharp

src/operations.h

@@ -25,16 +25,6 @@ using vips::VImage;
 
 namespace sharp {
 
-  /*
-    Removes alpha channel, if any.
-  */
-  VImage RemoveAlpha(VImage image);
-
-  /*
-    Ensures alpha channel, if missing.
-  */
-  VImage EnsureAlpha(VImage image);
-
   /*
    * Tint an image using the specified chroma, preserving the original image luminance
    */
@@ -45,11 +35,21 @@ namespace sharp {
    */
   VImage Normalise(VImage image);
 
+  /*
+   * Contrast limiting adapative histogram equalization (CLAHE)
+   */
+  VImage Clahe(VImage image, int const width, int const height, int const maxSlope);
+
   /*
    * Gamma encoding/decoding
    */
   VImage Gamma(VImage image, double const exponent);
 
+  /*
+   * Produce the "negative" of the image.
+   */
+  VImage Negate(VImage image, bool const negateAlpha);
+
   /*
    * Gaussian blur. Use sigma of -1.0 for fast blur.
    */
@@ -98,9 +98,15 @@ namespace sharp {
   VImage Recomb(VImage image, std::unique_ptr<double[]> const &matrix);
 
   /*
-   * Modulate brightness, saturation and hue
+   * Modulate brightness, saturation, hue and lightness
    */
-  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation, int const hue);
+  VImage Modulate(VImage image, double const brightness, double const saturation,
+                  int const hue, double const lightness);
+
+  /*
+   * Ensure the image is in a given colourspace
+   */
+  VImage EnsureColourspace(VImage image, VipsInterpretation colourspace);
 
 }  // namespace sharp
 

src/pipeline.h

@@ -18,13 +18,14 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
-NAN_METHOD(pipeline);
+Napi::Value pipeline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 enum class Canvas {
   CROP,
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ struct Composite {
   int gravity;
   int left;
   int top;
+  bool hasOffset;
   bool tile;
   bool premultiplied;
 
@@ -47,8 +49,9 @@ struct Composite {
     input(nullptr),
     mode(VIPS_BLEND_MODE_OVER),
     gravity(0),
-    left(-1),
-    top(-1),
+    left(0),
+    top(0),
+    hasOffset(false),
     tile(false),
     premultiplied(false) {}
 };
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int cropOffsetLeft;
   int cropOffsetTop;
   bool premultiplied;
+  bool tileCentre;
   std::string kernel;
   bool fastShrinkOnLoad;
   double tintA;
@@ -86,10 +90,12 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool flatten;
   std::vector<double> flattenBackground;
   bool negate;
+  bool negateAlpha;
   double blurSigma;
   double brightness;
   double saturation;
   int hue;
+  double lightness;
   int medianSize;
   double sharpenSigma;
   double sharpenFlat;
@@ -105,6 +111,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   double gammaOut;
   bool greyscale;
   bool normalise;
+  int claheWidth;
+  int claheHeight;
+  int claheMaxSlope;
   bool useExifOrientation;
   int angle;
   double rotationAngle;
@@ -118,6 +127,13 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   int extendRight;
   std::vector<double> extendBackground;
   bool withoutEnlargement;
+  std::vector<double> affineMatrix;
+  std::vector<double> affineBackground;
+  double affineIdx;
+  double affineIdy;
+  double affineOdx;
+  double affineOdy;
+  vips::VInterpolate affineInterpolator;
   int jpegQuality;
   bool jpegProgressive;
   std::string jpegChromaSubsampling;
@@ -131,8 +147,13 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   bool pngAdaptiveFiltering;
   bool pngPalette;
   int pngQuality;
-  int pngColours;
+  int pngBitdepth;
   double pngDither;
+  int jp2Quality;
+  bool jp2Lossless;
+  int jp2TileHeight;
+  int jp2TileWidth;
+  std::string jp2ChromaSubsampling;
   int webpQuality;
   int webpAlphaQuality;
   bool webpNearLossless;
@@ -143,18 +164,24 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsForeignTiffCompression tiffCompression;
   VipsForeignTiffPredictor tiffPredictor;
   bool tiffPyramid;
-  bool tiffSquash;
+  int tiffBitdepth;
   bool tiffTile;
   int tiffTileHeight;
   int tiffTileWidth;
   double tiffXres;
   double tiffYres;
   int heifQuality;
-  int heifCompression;  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VipsForeignHeifCompression
+  VipsForeignHeifCompression heifCompression;
+  int heifSpeed;
+  std::string heifChromaSubsampling;
   bool heifLossless;
+  VipsBandFormat rawDepth;
   std::string err;
   bool withMetadata;
   int withMetadataOrientation;
+  double withMetadataDensity;
+  std::string withMetadataIcc;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> withMetadataStrs;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> convKernel;
   int convKernelWidth;
   int convKernelHeight;
@@ -165,8 +192,12 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   VipsOperationBoolean bandBoolOp;
   int extractChannel;
   bool removeAlpha;
-  bool ensureAlpha;
+  double ensureAlpha;
+  VipsInterpretation colourspaceInput;
   VipsInterpretation colourspace;
+  int pageHeight;
+  std::vector<int> delay;
+  int loop;
   int tileSize;
   int tileOverlap;
   VipsForeignDzContainer tileContainer;
@@ -176,6 +207,7 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
   std::vector<double> tileBackground;
   int tileSkipBlanks;
   VipsForeignDzDepth tileDepth;
+  std::string tileId;
   std::unique_ptr<double[]> recombMatrix;
 
   PipelineBaton():
@@ -196,10 +228,12 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     flatten(false),
     flattenBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
     negate(false),
+    negateAlpha(true),
     blurSigma(0.0),
     brightness(1.0),
     saturation(1.0),
     hue(0),
+    lightness(0),
     medianSize(0),
     sharpenSigma(0.0),
     sharpenFlat(1.0),
@@ -214,6 +248,9 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     gamma(0.0),
     greyscale(false),
     normalise(false),
+    claheWidth(0),
+    claheHeight(0),
+    claheMaxSlope(3),
     useExifOrientation(false),
     angle(0),
     rotationAngle(0.0),
@@ -226,6 +263,13 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     extendRight(0),
     extendBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
     withoutEnlargement(false),
+    affineMatrix{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 },
+    affineBackground{ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 255.0 },
+    affineIdx(0),
+    affineIdy(0),
+    affineOdx(0),
+    affineOdy(0),
+    affineInterpolator(vips::VInterpolate::new_from_name("bicubic")),
     jpegQuality(80),
     jpegProgressive(false),
     jpegChromaSubsampling("4:2:0"),
@@ -235,12 +279,17 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     jpegOptimiseScans(false),
     jpegOptimiseCoding(true),
     pngProgressive(false),
-    pngCompressionLevel(9),
+    pngCompressionLevel(6),
     pngAdaptiveFiltering(false),
     pngPalette(false),
     pngQuality(100),
-    pngColours(256),
+    pngBitdepth(8),
     pngDither(1.0),
+    jp2Quality(80),
+    jp2Lossless(false),
+    jp2TileHeight(512),
+    jp2TileWidth(512),
+    jp2ChromaSubsampling("4:4:4"),
     webpQuality(80),
     webpAlphaQuality(100),
     webpNearLossless(false),
@@ -251,17 +300,21 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     tiffCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_COMPRESSION_JPEG),
     tiffPredictor(VIPS_FOREIGN_TIFF_PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL),
     tiffPyramid(false),
-    tiffSquash(false),
+    tiffBitdepth(8),
     tiffTile(false),
     tiffTileHeight(256),
     tiffTileWidth(256),
     tiffXres(1.0),
     tiffYres(1.0),
-    heifQuality(80),
-    heifCompression(1),  // TODO(libvips 8.9.0): VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_HEVC
+    heifQuality(50),
+    heifCompression(VIPS_FOREIGN_HEIF_COMPRESSION_AV1),
+    heifSpeed(5),
+    heifChromaSubsampling("4:4:4"),
     heifLossless(false),
+    rawDepth(VIPS_FORMAT_UCHAR),
     withMetadata(false),
     withMetadataOrientation(-1),
+    withMetadataDensity(0.0),
     convKernelWidth(0),
     convKernelHeight(0),
     convKernelScale(0.0),
@@ -271,8 +324,12 @@ struct PipelineBaton {
     bandBoolOp(VIPS_OPERATION_BOOLEAN_LAST),
     extractChannel(-1),
     removeAlpha(false),
-    ensureAlpha(false),
+    ensureAlpha(-1.0),
+    colourspaceInput(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
     colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_LAST),
+    pageHeight(0),
+    delay{-1},
+    loop(-1),
     tileSize(256),
     tileOverlap(0),
     tileContainer(VIPS_FOREIGN_DZ_CONTAINER_FS),

src/sharp.cc

@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
@@ -22,33 +21,32 @@
 #include "utilities.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
-NAN_MODULE_INIT(init) {
+static void* sharp_vips_init(void*) {
+  g_setenv("VIPS_MIN_STACK_SIZE", "2m", FALSE);
   vips_init("sharp");
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+Napi::Object init(Napi::Env env, Napi::Object exports) {
+  static GOnce sharp_vips_init_once = G_ONCE_INIT;
+  g_once(&sharp_vips_init_once, static_cast<GThreadFunc>(sharp_vips_init), nullptr);
 
   g_log_set_handler("VIPS", static_cast<GLogLevelFlags>(G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING),
     static_cast<GLogFunc>(sharp::VipsWarningCallback), nullptr);
 
   // Methods available to JavaScript
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("metadata").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(metadata)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("pipeline").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(pipeline)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("cache").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(cache)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("concurrency").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(concurrency)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("counters").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(counters)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("simd").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(simd)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("libvipsVersion").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(libvipsVersion)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("format").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(format)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("_maxColourDistance").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(_maxColourDistance)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(target, Nan::New("stats").ToLocalChecked(),
-    Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(stats)).ToLocalChecked());
+  exports.Set("metadata", Napi::Function::New(env, metadata));
+  exports.Set("pipeline", Napi::Function::New(env, pipeline));
+  exports.Set("cache", Napi::Function::New(env, cache));
+  exports.Set("concurrency", Napi::Function::New(env, concurrency));
+  exports.Set("counters", Napi::Function::New(env, counters));
+  exports.Set("simd", Napi::Function::New(env, simd));
+  exports.Set("libvipsVersion", Napi::Function::New(env, libvipsVersion));
+  exports.Set("format", Napi::Function::New(env, format));
+  exports.Set("_maxColourDistance", Napi::Function::New(env, _maxColourDistance));
+  exports.Set("_isUsingJemalloc", Napi::Function::New(env, _isUsingJemalloc));
+  exports.Set("stats", Napi::Function::New(env, stats));
+  return exports;
 }
 
-NAN_MODULE_WORKER_ENABLED(sharp, init)
+NODE_API_MODULE(sharp, init)

src/stats.cc

@@ -16,28 +16,16 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <iostream>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "stats.h"
 
-class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
+class StatsWorker : public Napi::AsyncWorker {
  public:
-  StatsWorker(
-    Nan::Callback *callback, StatsBaton *baton, Nan::Callback *debuglog,
-    std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> const buffersToPersist) :
-    Nan::AsyncWorker(callback, "sharp:StatsWorker"),
-    baton(baton), debuglog(debuglog),
-    buffersToPersist(buffersToPersist) {
-    // Protect Buffer objects from GC, keyed on index
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        SaveToPersistent(index, buffer);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-  }
+  StatsWorker(Napi::Function callback, StatsBaton *baton, Napi::Function debuglog) :
+    Napi::AsyncWorker(callback), baton(baton), debuglog(Napi::Persistent(debuglog)) {}
   ~StatsWorker() {}
 
   const int STAT_MIN_INDEX = 0;
@@ -54,13 +42,9 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
   void Execute() {
     // Decrement queued task counter
     g_atomic_int_dec_and_test(&sharp::counterQueue);
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    using sharp::MaximumImageAlpha;
 
     vips::VImage image;
     sharp::ImageType imageType = sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN;
-
     try {
       std::tie(image, imageType) = OpenInput(baton->input);
     } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
@@ -71,25 +55,51 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
         vips::VImage stats = image.stats();
         int const bands = image.bands();
         for (int b = 1; b <= bands; b++) {
-          ChannelStats cStats(static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              stats.getpoint(STAT_SUM_INDEX, b).front(), stats.getpoint(STAT_SQ_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
-                              stats.getpoint(STAT_MEAN_INDEX, b).front(), stats.getpoint(STAT_STDEV_INDEX, b).front(),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINY_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXX_INDEX, b).front()),
-                              static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXY_INDEX, b).front()));
+          ChannelStats cStats(
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_SQ_SUM_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_MEAN_INDEX, b).front(),
+            stats.getpoint(STAT_STDEV_INDEX, b).front(),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MINY_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXX_INDEX, b).front()),
+            static_cast<int>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MAXY_INDEX, b).front()));
           baton->channelStats.push_back(cStats);
         }
         // Image is not opaque when alpha layer is present and contains a non-mamixa value
         if (sharp::HasAlpha(image)) {
           double const minAlpha = static_cast<double>(stats.getpoint(STAT_MIN_INDEX, bands).front());
-          if (minAlpha != MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
+          if (minAlpha != sharp::MaximumImageAlpha(image.interpretation())) {
             baton->isOpaque = false;
           }
         }
+        // Convert to greyscale
+        vips::VImage greyscale = image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)[0];
         // Estimate entropy via histogram of greyscale value frequency
-        baton->entropy = std::abs(image.colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_B_W)[0].hist_find().hist_entropy());
+        baton->entropy = std::abs(greyscale.hist_find().hist_entropy());
+        // Estimate sharpness via standard deviation of greyscale laplacian
+        if (image.width() > 1 || image.height() > 1) {
+          VImage laplacian = VImage::new_matrixv(3, 3,
+            0.0,  1.0, 0.0,
+            1.0, -4.0, 1.0,
+            0.0,  1.0, 0.0);
+          laplacian.set("scale", 9.0);
+          baton->sharpness = greyscale.conv(laplacian).deviate();
+        }
+        // Most dominant sRGB colour via 4096-bin 3D histogram
+        vips::VImage hist = sharp::RemoveAlpha(image)
+          .colourspace(VIPS_INTERPRETATION_sRGB)
+          .hist_find_ndim(VImage::option()->set("bins", 16));
+        std::complex<double> maxpos = hist.maxpos();
+        int const dx = static_cast<int>(std::real(maxpos));
+        int const dy = static_cast<int>(std::imag(maxpos));
+        std::vector<double> pel = hist(dx, dy);
+        int const dz = std::distance(pel.begin(), std::find(pel.begin(), pel.end(), hist.max()));
+        baton->dominantRed = dx * 16 + 8;
+        baton->dominantGreen = dy * 16 + 8;
+        baton->dominantBlue = dz * 16 + 8;
       } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
         (baton->err).append(err.what());
       }
@@ -100,92 +110,84 @@ class StatsWorker : public Nan::AsyncWorker {
     vips_thread_shutdown();
   }
 
-  void HandleOKCallback() {
-    using Nan::New;
-    using Nan::Set;
-    Nan::HandleScope();
-
-    v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[2] = { Nan::Null(), Nan::Null() };
-    if (!baton->err.empty()) {
-      argv[0] = Nan::Error(baton->err.data());
-    } else {
-      // Stats Object
-      v8::Local<v8::Object> info = New<v8::Object>();
-      v8::Local<v8::Array> channels = New<v8::Array>();
-
-      std::vector<ChannelStats>::iterator it;
-      int i = 0;
-      for (it = baton->channelStats.begin(); it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
-        v8::Local<v8::Object> channelStat = New<v8::Object>();
-        Set(channelStat, New("min").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->min));
-        Set(channelStat, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->max));
-        Set(channelStat, New("sum").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->sum));
-        Set(channelStat, New("squaresSum").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->squaresSum));
-        Set(channelStat, New("mean").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->mean));
-        Set(channelStat, New("stdev").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->stdev));
-        Set(channelStat, New("minX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minX));
-        Set(channelStat, New("minY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->minY));
-        Set(channelStat, New("maxX").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxX));
-        Set(channelStat, New("maxY").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(it->maxY));
-        Set(channels, i, channelStat);
-      }
-
-      Set(info, New("channels").ToLocalChecked(), channels);
-      Set(info, New("isOpaque").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Boolean>(baton->isOpaque));
-      Set(info, New("entropy").ToLocalChecked(), New<v8::Number>(baton->entropy));
-      argv[1] = info;
-    }
-
-    // Dispose of Persistent wrapper around input Buffers so they can be garbage collected
-    std::accumulate(buffersToPersist.begin(), buffersToPersist.end(), 0,
-      [this](uint32_t index, v8::Local<v8::Object> const buffer) -> uint32_t {
-        GetFromPersistent(index);
-        return index + 1;
-      });
-    delete baton->input;
-    delete baton;
+  void OnOK() {
+    Napi::Env env = Env();
+    Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
 
     // Handle warnings
     std::string warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     while (!warning.empty()) {
-      v8::Local<v8::Value> message[1] = { New(warning).ToLocalChecked() };
-      debuglog->Call(1, message, async_resource);
+      debuglog.Call({ Napi::String::New(env, warning) });
       warning = sharp::VipsWarningPop();
     }
 
-    // Return to JavaScript
-    callback->Call(2, argv, async_resource);
+    if (baton->err.empty()) {
+      // Stats Object
+      Napi::Object info = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      Napi::Array channels = Napi::Array::New(env);
+
+      std::vector<ChannelStats>::iterator it;
+      int i = 0;
+      for (it = baton->channelStats.begin(); it < baton->channelStats.end(); it++, i++) {
+        Napi::Object channelStat = Napi::Object::New(env);
+        channelStat.Set("min", it->min);
+        channelStat.Set("max", it->max);
+        channelStat.Set("sum", it->sum);
+        channelStat.Set("squaresSum", it->squaresSum);
+        channelStat.Set("mean", it->mean);
+        channelStat.Set("stdev", it->stdev);
+        channelStat.Set("minX", it->minX);
+        channelStat.Set("minY", it->minY);
+        channelStat.Set("maxX", it->maxX);
+        channelStat.Set("maxY", it->maxY);
+        channels.Set(i, channelStat);
+      }
+
+      info.Set("channels", channels);
+      info.Set("isOpaque", baton->isOpaque);
+      info.Set("entropy", baton->entropy);
+      info.Set("sharpness", baton->sharpness);
+      Napi::Object dominant = Napi::Object::New(env);
+      dominant.Set("r", baton->dominantRed);
+      dominant.Set("g", baton->dominantGreen);
+      dominant.Set("b", baton->dominantBlue);
+      info.Set("dominant", dominant);
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { env.Null(), info });
+    } else {
+      Callback().MakeCallback(Receiver().Value(), { Napi::Error::New(env, baton->err).Value() });
+    }
+
+    delete baton->input;
+    delete baton;
   }
 
  private:
   StatsBaton* baton;
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog;
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
+  Napi::FunctionReference debuglog;
 };
 
 /*
   stats(options, callback)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(stats) {
-  using sharp::AttrTo;
-
-  // Input Buffers must not undergo GC compaction during processing
-  std::vector<v8::Local<v8::Object>> buffersToPersist;
-
+Napi::Value stats(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // V8 objects are converted to non-V8 types held in the baton struct
   StatsBaton *baton = new StatsBaton;
-  v8::Local<v8::Object> options = info[0].As<v8::Object>();
+  Napi::Object options = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
 
   // Input
-  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Object>(options, "input"), buffersToPersist);
+  baton->input = sharp::CreateInputDescriptor(options.Get("input").As<Napi::Object>());
 
   // Function to notify of libvips warnings
-  Nan::Callback *debuglog = new Nan::Callback(sharp::AttrAs<v8::Function>(options, "debuglog"));
+  Napi::Function debuglog = options.Get("debuglog").As<Napi::Function>();
 
   // Join queue for worker thread
-  Nan::Callback *callback = new Nan::Callback(info[1].As<v8::Function>());
-  Nan::AsyncQueueWorker(new StatsWorker(callback, baton, debuglog, buffersToPersist));
+  Napi::Function callback = info[1].As<Napi::Function>();
+  StatsWorker *worker = new StatsWorker(callback, baton, debuglog);
+  worker->Receiver().Set("options", options);
+  worker->Queue();
 
   // Increment queued task counter
   g_atomic_int_inc(&sharp::counterQueue);
+
+  return info.Env().Undefined();
 }

src/stats.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #define SRC_STATS_H_
 
 #include <string>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
 #include "./common.h"
 
@@ -33,12 +33,8 @@ struct ChannelStats {
   int maxX;
   int maxY;
 
-  ChannelStats():
-    min(0), max(0), sum(0), squaresSum(0), mean(0), stdev(0)
-    , minX(0), minY(0), maxX(0), maxY(0) {}
-
-    ChannelStats(int minVal, int maxVal, double sumVal, double squaresSumVal,
-                  double meanVal, double stdevVal, int minXVal, int minYVal, int maxXVal, int maxYVal):
+  ChannelStats(int minVal, int maxVal, double sumVal, double squaresSumVal,
+    double meanVal, double stdevVal, int minXVal, int minYVal, int maxXVal, int maxYVal):
     min(minVal), max(maxVal), sum(sumVal), squaresSum(squaresSumVal),
     mean(meanVal), stdev(stdevVal), minX(minXVal), minY(minYVal), maxX(maxXVal), maxY(maxYVal) {}
 };
@@ -51,16 +47,24 @@ struct StatsBaton {
   std::vector<ChannelStats> channelStats;
   bool isOpaque;
   double entropy;
+  double sharpness;
+  int dominantRed;
+  int dominantGreen;
+  int dominantBlue;
 
   std::string err;
 
   StatsBaton():
     input(nullptr),
     isOpaque(true),
-    entropy(0.0)
+    entropy(0.0),
+    sharpness(0.0),
+    dominantRed(0),
+    dominantGreen(0),
+    dominantBlue(0)
     {}
 };
 
-NAN_METHOD(stats);
+Napi::Value stats(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_STATS_H_

src/utilities.cc

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <string>
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 #include <vips/vips8>
 #include <vips/vector.h>
 
@@ -24,183 +23,145 @@
 #include "operations.h"
 #include "utilities.h"
 
-using v8::Boolean;
-using v8::Integer;
-using v8::Local;
-using v8::Number;
-using v8::Object;
-using v8::String;
-
-using Nan::HandleScope;
-using Nan::New;
-using Nan::Set;
-using Nan::ThrowError;
-using Nan::To;
-using Nan::Utf8String;
-
 /*
   Get and set cache limits
 */
-NAN_METHOD(cache) {
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
 
   // Set memory limit
-  if (info[0]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_mem(To<int32_t>(info[0]).FromJust() * 1048576);
+  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_mem(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value() * 1048576);
   }
   // Set file limit
-  if (info[1]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max_files(To<int32_t>(info[1]).FromJust());
+  if (info[1].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max_files(info[1].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Set items limit
-  if (info[2]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_cache_set_max(To<int32_t>(info[2]).FromJust());
+  if (info[2].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_cache_set_max(info[2].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
 
   // Get memory stats
-  Local<Object> memory = New<Object>();
-  Set(memory, New("current").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_tracked_get_mem() / 1048576))));
-  Set(memory, New("high").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_tracked_get_mem_highwater() / 1048576))));
-  Set(memory, New("max").ToLocalChecked(),
-    New<Integer>(static_cast<int>(round(vips_cache_get_max_mem() / 1048576))));
+  Napi::Object memory = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  memory.Set("current", round(vips_tracked_get_mem() / 1048576));
+  memory.Set("high", round(vips_tracked_get_mem_highwater() / 1048576));
+  memory.Set("max", round(vips_cache_get_max_mem() / 1048576));
   // Get file stats
-  Local<Object> files = New<Object>();
-  Set(files, New("current").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_tracked_get_files()));
-  Set(files, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_max_files()));
+  Napi::Object files = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  files.Set("current", vips_tracked_get_files());
+  files.Set("max", vips_cache_get_max_files());
 
   // Get item stats
-  Local<Object> items = New<Object>();
-  Set(items, New("current").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_size()));
-  Set(items, New("max").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(vips_cache_get_max()));
+  Napi::Object items = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  items.Set("current", vips_cache_get_size());
+  items.Set("max", vips_cache_get_max());
 
-  Local<Object> cache = New<Object>();
-  Set(cache, New("memory").ToLocalChecked(), memory);
-  Set(cache, New("files").ToLocalChecked(), files);
-  Set(cache, New("items").ToLocalChecked(), items);
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(cache);
+  Napi::Object cache = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  cache.Set("memory", memory);
+  cache.Set("files", files);
+  cache.Set("items", items);
+  return cache;
 }
 
 /*
   Get and set size of thread pool
 */
-NAN_METHOD(concurrency) {
-  HandleScope();
-
+Napi::Value concurrency(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set concurrency
-  if (info[0]->IsInt32()) {
-    vips_concurrency_set(To<int32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  if (info[0].IsNumber()) {
+    vips_concurrency_set(info[0].As<Napi::Number>().Int32Value());
   }
   // Get concurrency
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Integer>(vips_concurrency_get()));
+  return Napi::Number::New(info.Env(), vips_concurrency_get());
 }
 
 /*
   Get internal counters (queued tasks, processing tasks)
 */
-NAN_METHOD(counters) {
-  using sharp::counterProcess;
-  using sharp::counterQueue;
-
-  HandleScope();
-  Local<Object> counters = New<Object>();
-  Set(counters, New("queue").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(counterQueue));
-  Set(counters, New("process").ToLocalChecked(), New<Integer>(counterProcess));
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(counters);
+Napi::Value counters(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Object counters = Napi::Object::New(info.Env());
+  counters.Set("queue", sharp::counterQueue);
+  counters.Set("process", sharp::counterProcess);
+  return counters;
 }
 
 /*
   Get and set use of SIMD vector unit instructions
 */
-NAN_METHOD(simd) {
-  HandleScope();
-
+Napi::Value simd(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   // Set state
-  if (info[0]->IsBoolean()) {
-    vips_vector_set_enabled(To<bool>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  if (info[0].IsBoolean()) {
+    vips_vector_set_enabled(info[0].As<Napi::Boolean>().Value());
   }
   // Get state
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Boolean>(vips_vector_isenabled()));
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(info.Env(), vips_vector_isenabled());
 }
 
 /*
   Get libvips version
 */
-NAN_METHOD(libvipsVersion) {
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value libvipsVersion(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
   char version[9];
   g_snprintf(version, sizeof(version), "%d.%d.%d", vips_version(0), vips_version(1), vips_version(2));
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New(version).ToLocalChecked());
+  return Napi::String::New(info.Env(), version);
 }
 
 /*
   Get available input/output file/buffer/stream formats
 */
-NAN_METHOD(format) {
-  HandleScope();
-
-  // Attribute names
-  Local<String> attrId = New("id").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrInput = New("input").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrOutput = New("output").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrFile = New("file").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrBuffer = New("buffer").ToLocalChecked();
-  Local<String> attrStream = New("stream").ToLocalChecked();
-
-  // Which load/save operations are available for each compressed format?
-  Local<Object> format = New<Object>();
+Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  Napi::Object format = Napi::Object::New(env);
   for (std::string const f : {
     "jpeg", "png", "webp", "tiff", "magick", "openslide", "dz",
-    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips"
+    "ppm", "fits", "gif", "svg", "heif", "pdf", "vips", "jp2k"
   }) {
     // Input
-    Local<Boolean> hasInputFile =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str()));
-    Local<Boolean> hasInputBuffer =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load_buffer").c_str()));
-    Local<Object> input = New<Object>();
-    Set(input, attrFile, hasInputFile);
-    Set(input, attrBuffer, hasInputBuffer);
-    Set(input, attrStream, hasInputBuffer);
+    Napi::Boolean hasInputFile =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load").c_str()));
+    Napi::Boolean hasInputBuffer =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "load_buffer").c_str()));
+    Napi::Object input = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    input.Set("file", hasInputFile);
+    input.Set("buffer", hasInputBuffer);
+    input.Set("stream", hasInputBuffer);
     // Output
-    Local<Boolean> hasOutputFile =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save").c_str()));
-    Local<Boolean> hasOutputBuffer =
-      New<Boolean>(vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save_buffer").c_str()));
-    Local<Object> output = New<Object>();
-    Set(output, attrFile, hasOutputFile);
-    Set(output, attrBuffer, hasOutputBuffer);
-    Set(output, attrStream, hasOutputBuffer);
+    Napi::Boolean hasOutputFile =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save").c_str()));
+    Napi::Boolean hasOutputBuffer =
+      Napi::Boolean::New(env, vips_type_find("VipsOperation", (f + "save_buffer").c_str()));
+    Napi::Object output = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    output.Set("file", hasOutputFile);
+    output.Set("buffer", hasOutputBuffer);
+    output.Set("stream", hasOutputBuffer);
     // Other attributes
-    Local<Object> container = New<Object>();
-    Local<String> formatId = New(f).ToLocalChecked();
-    Set(container, attrId, formatId);
-    Set(container, attrInput, input);
-    Set(container, attrOutput, output);
+    Napi::Object container = Napi::Object::New(env);
+    container.Set("id", f);
+    container.Set("input", input);
+    container.Set("output", output);
     // Add to set of formats
-    Set(format, formatId, container);
+    format.Set(f, container);
   }
 
   // Raw, uncompressed data
-  Local<Object> raw = New<Object>();
-  Local<String> rawId = New("raw").ToLocalChecked();
-  Set(raw, attrId, rawId);
-  Set(format, rawId, raw);
-  Local<Boolean> supported = New<Boolean>(true);
-  Local<Boolean> unsupported = New<Boolean>(false);
-  Local<Object> rawInput = New<Object>();
-  Set(rawInput, attrFile, unsupported);
-  Set(rawInput, attrBuffer, supported);
-  Set(rawInput, attrStream, supported);
-  Set(raw, attrInput, rawInput);
-  Local<Object> rawOutput = New<Object>();
-  Set(rawOutput, attrFile, unsupported);
-  Set(rawOutput, attrBuffer, supported);
-  Set(rawOutput, attrStream, supported);
-  Set(raw, attrOutput, rawOutput);
+  Napi::Boolean supported = Napi::Boolean::New(env, true);
+  Napi::Boolean unsupported = Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+  Napi::Object rawInput = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  rawInput.Set("file", unsupported);
+  rawInput.Set("buffer", supported);
+  rawInput.Set("stream", supported);
+  Napi::Object rawOutput = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  rawOutput.Set("file", unsupported);
+  rawOutput.Set("buffer", supported);
+  rawOutput.Set("stream", supported);
+  Napi::Object raw = Napi::Object::New(env);
+  raw.Set("id", "raw");
+  raw.Set("input", rawInput);
+  raw.Set("output", rawOutput);
+  format.Set("raw", raw);
 
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(format);
+  return format;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -208,65 +169,75 @@ NAN_METHOD(format) {
   Calculates the maximum colour distance using the DE2000 algorithm
   between two images of the same dimensions and number of channels.
 */
-NAN_METHOD(_maxColourDistance) {
-  using vips::VImage;
-  using vips::VError;
-  using sharp::DetermineImageType;
-  using sharp::ImageType;
-  using sharp::HasAlpha;
-
-  HandleScope();
+Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
 
   // Open input files
   VImage image1;
-  ImageType imageType1 = DetermineImageType(*Utf8String(info[0]));
-  if (imageType1 != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
+  sharp::ImageType imageType1 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  if (imageType1 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(*Utf8String(info[0]));
+      image1 = VImage::new_from_file(info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
-      return ThrowError("Input file 1 has corrupt header");
+      throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 has corrupt header");
     }
   } else {
-    return ThrowError("Input file 1 is of an unsupported image format");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 1 is of an unsupported image format");
   }
   VImage image2;
-  ImageType imageType2 = DetermineImageType(*Utf8String(info[1]));
-  if (imageType2 != ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
+  sharp::ImageType imageType2 = sharp::DetermineImageType(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().data());
+  if (imageType2 != sharp::ImageType::UNKNOWN) {
     try {
-      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(*Utf8String(info[1]));
+      image2 = VImage::new_from_file(info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value().c_str());
     } catch (...) {
-      return ThrowError("Input file 2 has corrupt header");
+      throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 2 has corrupt header");
     }
   } else {
-    return ThrowError("Input file 2 is of an unsupported image format");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "Input file 2 is of an unsupported image format");
   }
   // Ensure same number of channels
   if (image1.bands() != image2.bands()) {
-    return ThrowError("mismatchedBands");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "mismatchedBands");
   }
   // Ensure same dimensions
   if (image1.width() != image2.width() || image1.height() != image2.height()) {
-    return ThrowError("mismatchedDimensions");
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, "mismatchedDimensions");
   }
 
   double maxColourDistance;
   try {
     // Premultiply and remove alpha
-    if (HasAlpha(image1)) {
+    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image1)) {
       image1 = image1.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image1.bands() - 1));
     }
-    if (HasAlpha(image2)) {
+    if (sharp::HasAlpha(image2)) {
       image2 = image2.premultiply().extract_band(1, VImage::option()->set("n", image2.bands() - 1));
     }
     // Calculate colour distance
     maxColourDistance = image1.dE00(image2).max();
-  } catch (VError const &err) {
-    return ThrowError(err.what());
+  } catch (vips::VError const &err) {
+    throw Napi::Error::New(env, err.what());
   }
 
   // Clean up libvips' per-request data and threads
   vips_error_clear();
   vips_thread_shutdown();
 
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(New<Number>(maxColourDistance));
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, maxColourDistance);
 }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+// mallctl will be resolved by the runtime linker when jemalloc is being used
+extern "C" {
+  int mallctl(const char *name, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, void *newp, size_t newlen) __attribute__((weak));
+}
+Napi::Value _isUsingJemalloc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, mallctl != nullptr);
+}
+#else
+Napi::Value _isUsingJemalloc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+}
+#endif

src/utilities.h

@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@
 #ifndef SRC_UTILITIES_H_
 #define SRC_UTILITIES_H_
 
-#include <nan.h>
+#include <napi.h>
 
-NAN_METHOD(cache);
-NAN_METHOD(concurrency);
-NAN_METHOD(counters);
-NAN_METHOD(simd);
-NAN_METHOD(libvipsVersion);
-NAN_METHOD(format);
-NAN_METHOD(_maxColourDistance);
+Napi::Value cache(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value concurrency(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value counters(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value simd(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value libvipsVersion(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value format(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value _maxColourDistance(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
+Napi::Value _isUsingJemalloc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info);
 
 #endif  // SRC_UTILITIES_H_

test/bench/package.json

@@ -8,16 +8,18 @@
     "test": "node perf && node random && node parallel"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "async": "^3.1.0",
-    "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
-    "gm": "^1.23.1",
-    "imagemagick": "^0.1.3",
-    "jimp": "^0.9.3",
-    "mapnik": "^4.3.1",
-    "semver": "^7.1.1"
+    "@squoosh/cli": "0.7.2",
+    "@squoosh/lib": "0.4.0",
+    "async": "3.2.1",
+    "benchmark": "2.1.4",
+    "gm": "1.23.1",
+    "imagemagick": "0.1.3",
+    "jimp": "0.16.1",
+    "mapnik": "4.5.8",
+    "semver": "7.3.5"
   },
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=8.5.0"
+    "node": "16"
   }
 }

test/bench/perf.js

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 'use strict';
 
+const os = require('os');
 const fs = require('fs');
+const { exec } = require('child_process');
 
 const async = require('async');
 const assert = require('assert');
@@ -12,15 +14,23 @@ const gm = require('gm');
 const imagemagick = require('imagemagick');
 const mapnik = require('mapnik');
 const jimp = require('jimp');
+const squoosh = require('@squoosh/lib');
 
 const fixtures = require('../fixtures');
 
+const outputJpg = fixtures.path('output.jpg');
+const outputPng = fixtures.path('output.png');
+const outputWebP = fixtures.path('output.webp');
+
 const width = 720;
 const height = 588;
 
 // Disable libvips cache to ensure tests are as fair as they can be
 sharp.cache(false);
 
+// Spawn one thread per CPU
+sharp.concurrency(os.cpus().length);
+
 async.series({
   jpeg: function (callback) {
     const inputJpgBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputJpg);
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ async.series({
             image
               .resize(width, height, jimp.RESIZE_BICUBIC)
               .quality(80)
-              .write(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
+              .write(outputJpg, function (err) {
                 if (err) {
                   throw err;
                 } else {
@@ -67,6 +77,65 @@ async.series({
         });
       }
     });
+    // squoosh-cli
+    jpegSuite.add('squoosh-cli-file-file', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        exec(`./node_modules/.bin/squoosh-cli \
+          --output-dir ${os.tmpdir()} \
+          --resize '{"enabled":true,"width":${width},"height":${height},"method":"lanczos3","premultiply":false,"linearRGB":false}' \
+          --mozjpeg '{"quality":80,"progressive":false,"optimize_coding":true,"quant_table":0,"trellis_multipass":false,"chroma_subsample":2,"separate_chroma_quality":false}' \
+          "${fixtures.inputJpg}"`, function (err) {
+          if (err) {
+            throw err;
+          }
+          deferred.resolve();
+        });
+      }
+    });
+    // squoosh-lib (GPLv3)
+    jpegSuite.add('squoosh-lib-buffer-buffer', {
+      defer: true,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        const pool = new squoosh.ImagePool();
+        const image = pool.ingestImage(inputJpgBuffer);
+        image.decoded
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.preprocess({
+              resize: {
+                enabled: true,
+                width,
+                height,
+                method: 'lanczos3',
+                premultiply: false,
+                linearRGB: false
+              }
+            });
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.encode({
+              mozjpeg: {
+                quality: 80,
+                progressive: false,
+                optimize_coding: true,
+                quant_table: 0,
+                trellis_multipass: false,
+                chroma_subsample: 2,
+                separate_chroma_quality: false
+              }
+            });
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return pool.close();
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            return image.encodedWith.mozjpeg;
+          })
+          .then(function () {
+            deferred.resolve();
+          });
+      }
+    });
     // mapnik
     jpegSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
@@ -77,7 +146,7 @@ async.series({
             .resize(width, height, {
               scaling_method: mapnik.imageScaling.lanczos
             })
-            .save(fixtures.outputJpg, 'jpeg:quality=80', function (err) {
+            .save(outputJpg, 'jpeg:quality=80', function (err) {
               if (err) throw err;
               deferred.resolve();
             });
@@ -105,7 +174,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         imagemagick.resize({
           srcPath: fixtures.inputJpg,
-          dstPath: fixtures.outputJpg,
+          dstPath: outputJpg,
           quality: 0.8,
           width: width,
           height: height,
@@ -128,7 +197,7 @@ async.series({
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
           .quality(80)
-          .write(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
+          .write(outputJpg, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -159,7 +228,7 @@ async.series({
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
           .quality(80)
-          .write(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
+          .write(outputJpg, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -190,7 +259,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputJpgBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
+          .toFile(outputJpg, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -217,7 +286,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputJpg)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputJpg, function (err) {
+          .toFile(outputJpg, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -229,7 +298,7 @@ async.series({
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         const readable = fs.createReadStream(fixtures.inputJpg);
-        const writable = fs.createWriteStream(fixtures.outputJpg);
+        const writable = fs.createWriteStream(outputJpg);
         writable.on('finish', function () {
           deferred.resolve();
         });
@@ -564,8 +633,9 @@ async.series({
   },
   // PNG
   png: function (callback) {
-    const inputPngBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputPng);
+    const inputPngBuffer = fs.readFileSync(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge);
     const pngSuite = new Benchmark.Suite('png');
+    const minSamples = 64;
     // jimp
     pngSuite.add('jimp-buffer-buffer', {
       defer: true,
@@ -576,6 +646,8 @@ async.series({
           } else {
             image
               .resize(width, height)
+              .deflateLevel(6)
+              .filterType(0)
               .getBuffer(jimp.MIME_PNG, function (err) {
                 if (err) {
                   throw err;
@@ -589,13 +661,15 @@ async.series({
     }).add('jimp-file-file', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        jimp.read(fixtures.inputPng, function (err, image) {
+        jimp.read(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge, function (err, image) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
           } else {
             image
               .resize(width, height)
-              .write(fixtures.outputPng, function (err) {
+              .deflateLevel(6)
+              .filterType(0)
+              .write(outputPng, function (err) {
                 if (err) {
                   throw err;
                 } else {
@@ -610,7 +684,7 @@ async.series({
     pngSuite.add('mapnik-file-file', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        mapnik.Image.open(fixtures.inputPng, function (err, img) {
+        mapnik.Image.open(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge, function (err, img) {
           if (err) throw err;
           img.premultiply(function (err, img) {
             if (err) throw err;
@@ -620,7 +694,7 @@ async.series({
               if (err) throw err;
               img.demultiply(function (err, img) {
                 if (err) throw err;
-                img.save(fixtures.outputPng, 'png', function (err) {
+                img.save(outputPng, 'png', function (err) {
                   if (err) throw err;
                   deferred.resolve();
                 });
@@ -657,11 +731,15 @@ async.series({
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         imagemagick.resize({
-          srcPath: fixtures.inputPng,
-          dstPath: fixtures.outputPng,
+          srcPath: fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge,
+          dstPath: outputPng,
           width: width,
           height: height,
-          filter: 'Lanczos'
+          filter: 'Lanczos',
+          customArgs: [
+            '-define', 'PNG:compression-level=6',
+            '-define', 'PNG:compression-filter=0'
+          ]
         }, function (err) {
           if (err) {
             throw err;
@@ -675,10 +753,12 @@ async.series({
     pngSuite.add('gm-file-file', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        gm(fixtures.inputPng)
+        gm(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
-          .write(fixtures.outputPng, function (err) {
+          .define('PNG:compression-level=6')
+          .define('PNG:compression-filter=0')
+          .write(outputPng, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -689,9 +769,11 @@ async.series({
     }).add('gm-file-buffer', {
       defer: true,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        gm(fixtures.inputPng)
+        gm(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .filter('Lanczos')
           .resize(width, height)
+          .define('PNG:compression-level=6')
+          .define('PNG:compression-filter=0')
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -705,10 +787,12 @@ async.series({
     // sharp
     pngSuite.add('sharp-buffer-file', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputPng, function (err) {
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
+          .toFile(outputPng, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -718,9 +802,11 @@ async.series({
       }
     }).add('sharp-buffer-buffer', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -732,10 +818,12 @@ async.series({
       }
     }).add('sharp-file-file', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(fixtures.inputPng)
+        sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputPng, function (err) {
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
+          .toFile(outputPng, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -745,9 +833,11 @@ async.series({
       }
     }).add('sharp-file-buffer', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
-        sharp(fixtures.inputPng)
+        sharp(fixtures.inputPngAlphaPremultiplicationLarge)
           .resize(width, height)
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 6 })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -759,10 +849,11 @@ async.series({
       }
     }).add('sharp-progressive', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .png({ progressive: true })
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 6, progressive: true })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -774,10 +865,27 @@ async.series({
       }
     }).add('sharp-adaptiveFiltering', {
       defer: true,
+      minSamples,
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputPngBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .png({ adaptiveFiltering: true })
+          .png({ adaptiveFiltering: true, compressionLevel: 6 })
+          .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
+            if (err) {
+              throw err;
+            } else {
+              assert.notStrictEqual(null, buffer);
+              deferred.resolve();
+            }
+          });
+      }
+    }).add('sharp-compressionLevel=9', {
+      defer: true,
+      minSamples,
+      fn: function (deferred) {
+        sharp(inputPngBuffer)
+          .resize(width, height)
+          .png({ compressionLevel: 9 })
           .toBuffer(function (err, buffer) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
@@ -802,7 +910,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(inputWebPBuffer)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputWebP, function (err) {
+          .toFile(outputWebP, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {
@@ -829,7 +937,7 @@ async.series({
       fn: function (deferred) {
         sharp(fixtures.inputWebP)
           .resize(width, height)
-          .toFile(fixtures.outputWebP, function (err) {
+          .toFile(outputWebP, function (err) {
             if (err) {
               throw err;
             } else {

test/bench/random.js

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ new Benchmark.Suite('random').add('imagemagick', {
   fn: function (deferred) {
     imagemagick.resize({
       srcPath: fixtures.inputJpg,
-      dstPath: fixtures.outputJpg,
+      dstPath: fixtures.path('output.jpg'),
       quality: 0.8,
       width: randomDimension(),
       height: randomDimension(),

test/fixtures/circle.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 8 8">
+      <circle r="3.75" cx="4" cy="4" fill="deeppink" />
+</svg>